WO NP02 E1 1 UMTS Capacity Estimation-64

UMTS Capacity Estimation
ZTE University
Content
UMTS Service mode

Common Capacity Design Methods
Uplink Capacity Estimation
Downlink Capacity Estimation
Estimation Examples
CS Domain Service Model

Call Duration
Call Setup
Call Release
Call Duration
Call Setup
Call Release
Key parameter: call frequency, call duration,

blocking probability
Average Erlang call frequency duration /
3600
PS Domain Service Model

Session (WWW)
Click
Click
Call
Session (WWW)
Click
Call
Dormant
Active
Packet
Call (Web Page)
Dormant
Active
Active
Packet
Active
Packet
Dormant status and Active status conversion

Every session can contain several packet calls,
different data services and different user types
have different features
Resource occupied by packet call varies alone
with the burst transmission
PS Service Model - Example
service
Bearer Mean
Mean
Mean Reading
rate(k packet
packets calls/s time
bps)
size(byte) in a call ession between
calls(second)
Email
64
480
32
www
144
480
25
Download 64
480
62
MMS
480
32
480
267
64
Streaming 384

Parameter Name
Parameter definition
Unit
DL Bit rate
Downlink service bit rate
kbps
DL Mean Packet Size
Mean downlink packet

size
Mean downlink packet
quantity
Mean calls of downlink
session
Transmission
duration
between downlink calls
Mean packets in
one
downlink session
Downlink service quality
requirement
Downlink activating factor
Byte
DL Mean Packets
DL Mean Calls/session
DL Reading time between
calls
DL Mean packets in a call
DL BLER
DL PS Activity Factor
second

UL Bit rate
Uplink service bit rate
kbps
UL Mean Packet Size
Mean uplink packet size
Byte
UL Mean Packets
Mean uplink
packet
quantity
Mean calls of uplink
session
Transmission
duration
between uplink calls
Mean packets in one
uplink session
Uplink service quality
requirement
Uplink activating factor
UL Mean Calls/session
UL Reading time between
calls
UL Mean packets in a call
UL BLER
UL PS Activity Factor
BHSA
Busy
hour
attempt
sessions
second
Service Category
Service type
Basic characteristic
Example
Conversation The time relationship

between information entities
in the stream must be kept,
session mode (small delay,
strict delay jitter requirement)
Voice, video phone
Streaming
The time relationship

between information entities
in the stream must be kept
Multimedia data
stream
Interactive
Request/response mode,
data integrity must be kept
Web browser,
internet game
Background
Data integrity must be kept,

high delay tolerance
Email download in
background
User Group Classification
Classification principle
Based on user consumption capability and consumption
behavior
User type
Highend
Group features
High income group, enterprises and managers.

Providing high rate access service.
Mediumend General enterprises and some high income consumers.

Providing information inquiry, mobile entertainment and
mobile financial services.
Lowerend
Middle income class and students. Providing data

services such as SMS and some mobile game services
Note: User groups are distinguished by service type,

service rate, service quality and service intensity.
Service Penetration
Percentage of user distribution in different application

environments are different
Percentage of high-end, middle-end and lower-end users
in different application environments are different
Service model statistic characteristic relates to
percentages mentioned above
A
Total
10% 30% 30% 30%
High End
30% 10% 5%
0%
Medium End 40% 50% 40% 10%

Low End
30% 40% 55% 90%
Traffic Analysis for Single Subscriber
CS Domain
Service Mean busy
type
hour calls
Mean
call
duration
Activate Mean
factor
speed
(kbps)
Mean busy hour

erl per user
Tel.
1.25
72
0.5
12.2
0.025
Video
phone
0 (lower end) 54
0.05 (medium
end)
0.1 (high end)
64
0 (lower end)
0.00075 (middle
end)
0.0015 (high end)
Mean busy hour Erl. Per user=mean busy hour

calls*mean call duration/3600
PS Domain
Service type
Web
service
Penetration
rate
BHSA
Mean
packet
size
(byte)
Mean
packets
in a call
Mean Busy hour

calls/s throughput
ession
per user
kbit
Low-end
user
50%
0.01
480
25
4.8
Medium
end user
75%
0.02
480
25
9.6
High-end
user
100%
0.03
480
25
14.4
Node: penetration rate means the percentage of UEs which support

this service in total UEs.
Busy hour throughput per user = BHSA* mean calls in a session
*mean packets in a call*mean packet size*8/1000
Equivalent Erl = Busy hour throughput per user / (Bearer rate *3600)
The average traffic according to the Service Model

in each transmission environment is :
Average traffic for each subscriber = Ratio of
subscriber group* Service penetration * average
traffic of this group
Content
UMTS Service mode

Estimation Examples
UMTS Network Dimensioning Procedure

Input:system load requirment and
coverage requirement
Downlink coverage
estimation
Uplink coverage
estimation
Quantity of BSs
satisfying uplink
coverage
Uplink capacity
estimation
Quantity of BSs
satisfying uplink
capacity
Quantity of BSs
satisfying downlink
coverage
Compare the results

and evaluate the
larger one
Based on power
Quantity B of
channels availably
provided by every
cell on the downlink
Quantity A of
channels to be
provided by every cell
on the downlink
No
A<B
Yes
End
Add BSs
Downlink capacity
estimation
Based on traffic type
Capacity Estimation Procedure
Hybrid service intensity analysis
Uplink capacity estimation
The UMTS system provides multiple services and the hybrid

service intensity analysis makes the system capacity consumed by
various services equivalent to that consumed by a single service.
Estimate the NodeB number that meets the service demand based
on the hybrid service intensity analysis.
Downlink capacity estimation
It is a verification process. The NodeB transmission power formula

is used to calculate the channel number that can be provided by
the current NodeB scale so as to verify whether this channel
number can meet the capacity requirement, and if it cannot,
stations need be added.
Equivalent Erlangs method
Post Erlang-B method
Campbell method
Equivalent Erlangs Method
Principle: Make a service equivalent to another service and

calculate the total Erl.
Example
Service A: 1 channel for each connection and the total is 12 erl.

Service B: 3 channels for each connection and the total is 6 erl.
If 1 erl service B = 3 erl service A, altogether 30 erl service A shall
be equivalent and 39 channels shall be required (under 2%
blocking rate).
If 3 erl service A = 1 erl service B, altogether 10 erl service B shall
be equivalent and 17 service B channels shall be required (equal
17*3=51 service A channels under 2% blocking rate).
Equivalent Erlangs Method

Capacities meeting the
same GoS are different
Low speed
service
equivalent
+
2 Erl low
speed
service
1 Erl high
speed service
High speed service
equivalent
The calculation result

is related to the
equivalent mode
Post Erlang-B Method
Principle: Calculate the capacity required by each

service respectively and add them.
Example
Service A: 1 channel for each connection and the total

is 12 erl.
Service B: 3 channels for each connection and the total
is 6 erl.
Service A requires 19 channels (under 2% blocking
rate).
Service B requires 12 service B channels (equal
12*3=36 service A channels, under 2% blocking rate).
These two services require 19+36=55 channels
Suppose services A and B are the same kind, where,
Based on the Post Erlang-B method

Service B: 1 channel for each connection and the total is 6 erl.
Service A requires 19 channels (under 2% blocking rate).
Service B requires 12 channels (under 2% blocking rate).
Altogether 19+12=31 channels are required.

Based on traditional Erlang-B method
The total traffic of services A and B is 12+6=18 erl and
altogether 26 channels are required under 2% blocking
rate.
Required channel number estimated through the Post
Erlang-B method is too large.

Capacities meeting the
same GoS are different
1 Erl service A
+
1 Erl service B
The calculation
result is too
pessimistic
1 Erl service A and

1 Erl service B
Campbell Method
Principle: Make multiple services equivalent to a virtual

service and calculate the capacity on the basis of the
virtual service.
c
erl a
ci
erl i ai2
i i
Ci ai
Capacity
c
OfferedTraffic
c capacity . factor
a mean * n
v var iance * n
ai amplitude.of .service.i
Ci capacity .of .service.i
Campbell Method
Example

Service B: 3 channels for each connection and the total is 6 erl
Mean & variance
erl a 12 1 6 3 30
erl a 12 1 6 3 66
2
i
Campbell Method
Capacity factor c
66
c
2.2
30
Virtual traffic
30
Offered Traffic
13.63
c 2.2
21 channels (virtual channels) are required to

meet the virtual traffic under 2% blocking rate.
Campbell Method
Under 2% blocking rate, channel number required by each

service is shown as follows:
Service A:
C1 (21 2.2) 1 47
Service B:
C2 (21 2.2) 3 49
Different channel numbers are required to meet the GOS

requirements of diversified services.
Compared with the former two methods, the calculation
result through the Campbell method is more reasonable.
Campbell Method
If the reference service is the voice service
Amplitude service
Rservice * Eb / Noservice * v service
Rvoice * Eb / Novoice * vvoice
Content
UMTS Service mode

Estimation Examples
Uplink Load Analysis
Eb/No the receive signal in the NodeB must reach

Eb/No required by the service demodulation.
Pj
W
( Eb / No) j
v j R j I total Pj
W: indicates the chip rate.
vj: indicates user js activation factor.

Rj: indicates user js data rate.
Pj : indicates user js signal receive power
Itotal: indicates total broadband receive power with
the thermal noise power included in the NodeB.
The receive power at the NodeB receive end should meet

the following formula so that the user signal can meet the
demodulation requirement:
1
Pj
1
( Eb
) jRjvj
No
Define a connection load factor Lj:

Lj
Itotal LjItotal
Pj
Itotal
W
( Eb
) jRjvj
No
The total receive

power
of all N users from one cell is:
N
N
P L I
j 1
j 1
j total
The total receive power at the NodeB receive end

consists of three parts:
I tatal Pin Pother PN

Pin indicates the total interference power of in-cell users.
Poth er
indicates the total interference power of out-cell users.
PN
indicates the NodeB thermal noise power.
Neighbor cells interference factor I

i= Other cell interference /Local cell interference
The total user receive power of the NodeB:

N
Pin Pother (1 i)
L I
j tatal
Define the noise lifting asj 1the ratio of total

broadband receive power to the noise power of
the NodeB:
I total
I tatal
NR
PN
I tatal Pin P other
1
N
1 (1 i)
L
j 1
Define the uplink load factor to be:

UL (1 i)
j 1
L j (1 i)
1
W
j 1 1
( Eb / No) j R j v j
The noise lifting

can be represented to be:
1
NR
1 UL
NR(dB) 10LOG10 (1 UL )
The uplink capacity is limited by interference

increase:
11
10
9
noise rise(dB)
8
7
6
5
4
3
Cantonese
2
25
30
35
40
45
user number
50
55
60
65
Shanghai dialect
Minnan
dialect
mandarin
In the case of a single service, evaluate the channel

quantity provided by every cell according to the load
formula and further evaluate the total number of base
stations satisfying the uplink capacity requirement.
To budget composite traffic, based on the Campbell
algorithm, make different services consumption on the
system resource equivalent to the single service
consumption on the system resource, and then evaluate
the quantity of channels to be provided by every cell
according to load formula, and further evaluate the number
of base stations satisfying the composite traffic
requirement.
R99/HSUPA mixed calculation
During the uplink capacity calculation ,decide how

much uplink load will be designed in R99 and
HSUPA
By simulation, calculate how much PS throughput
can be carried by HSUPA
Calculate how much of the remaining PS service
to be carried by R99
R99 Uplink Capacity Algorithm

Calculate the quantity of
equivalent voice channels
in the cell
Calculate equivalent
intensity of services
Calculate the variance, average value and

capacity factor of the composite service
System virtual traffic A
A/B
Number of
cells
Quantity of virtual
channels in the cell
Virtual service capacity

B of the cell
Content
UMTS Service mode

Estimation Examples
Downlink Load Analysis
To correctly demodulate useful signals, the UE must

overcome interference from the following three aspects
I tatal (1 ) P Pother PN
P
represents total power of signals from current cell
represents total interference power of signals

Po th er
from the outside of the cell
PN
represents thermal noise power from the UE
represents orthogonal factor of the downlink
By referring to the derivation means of uplink load

factor, denote the downlink load factors as follows:
DL
v
j 1
( Eb / No) j
j
W / Rj
[(1 ) i]
W represents chip rate at 3.84M chip/s
vj represents activation factor of the user j

R j represents bit rate of the user j
represents the average orthogonal factor in a cell
represents the average ratio of the NodeB power from

other cell to that from this cell
Total downlink power allocation

N MS
PBS _ TX
Eb
N
N
0
j
W L
j
W
j 1
Rj
1 DL
Where, N MS represents the noise power spectrum density

on the front of the receiver in the mobile station
NMS KT + NF - 174 + NF
L
(suppose T
= 290 K )
represents the average path loss of the cell

The downlink capacity is limited by transmission
power of the base station
46
44
42
.
.
.
Tx Power (dBm)
40
38
36
Downlink
power
Three users
Two users
One user
Public channel
34
32
46
48
50
52
54
56
user number
58
60
62
64
Downlink Load and Scale Analysis
Estimate downlink capacity after analyzing the

channel quantity required by uplink capacity, and
observe whether the downlink can support the
mobile station to work in the designated coverage
area and its channel quantity reaches the channel
quantity generated by the uplink
Calculate the quantity of equivalent voice
channels to be provided by every cell
Calculate the quantity of equivalent voice
channels availably provided by every cell
Compare the above two results
Content
UMTS Service mode

Estimation Examples
Assumed Conditions
Channel environment: downtown area TU 3 km/h

System design load: 50%
Voice service blocking rate: 2%
Interference factor from the adjacent cell: 0.65
Area of the city zone: 40.8 square kilometers
Assumed Conditions
Voice CS64 PS64/64 PS64/128 PS64/384
Uplink:
Data rate(k)
12.2
64
64
64
64
Activity factor
0.67
Eb/No
4.2
2.87
1.6
1.6
1.6
Forecast traffic
3000
400
100
Voice CS64 PS64/64 PS64/128 PS64/384
Downlink:
Data rate(k)
12.2
64
64
128
384
Activity factor
0.58
Eb/No
7.7
7.7
7.4
6.4
Forecast traffic
3000
400
100
35
20
Estimation Flow Chart

Input: system load requirement and coverage requirement
Downlink coverage
estimation
Uplink coverage
estimation
Quantity of base stations
satisfying uplink coverage

satisfying coverage
requirement
Uplink capacity
estimation
satisfying downlink coverage
Compare the results and evaluate the larger one
Quantity A of channels
required by the cell
Based on traffic
model
Based on power
Quantity B of channels
provided by the cell
No Add base stations

A<B
Yes
End
Uplink Coverage Estimation

1. Uplink budget
Maximal emission power
(dbm)
Emission
end
Antenna gain (dbi)

Human body loss (db)
Effective emission power
Thermal noise power
spectrum density (dbm/HZ)
Thermal noise power (dbm)
Receiver noise
coefficient (db)
Receiver noise (dbm)
Receiving
end
Interference margin (db)

Bit rate (kbit)
Processing gain (db)
Receiving Eb/No (db)
Receiver sensibility
Antenna gain (dbi)
Line loss
Power control margin
Soft handoff gain
Other
Shade fading margin

Penetration loss
Maximal path loss

2. Calculate the cell coverage radius based on a specific propagation model:
Path loss k1 k2log(d) k3Hms k4log(Hms) k5log(Heff) +
k6log(Heff)log(d) k7(diffraction loss) clutter loss
Radius
Km
k1
k2
k5
k6
Heff
152.4
44.6
-13.82
-6.55
30
Voice
CS64
PS64
0.65
0.5
0.54
PS64/128 PS64/384
Uplink coverage is limited by the CS64 kps service
0.54
0.54
3. Calculate the quantity of base stations required by uplink

Coverage area of the three-sector base station
9
S
3R 2 1.95 0.5 0.5 0.488Km2
8
The quantity of base stations is 40.8/0.488=84

Equivalent intensity of each service
Relative amplitude
bit rate for service

bit rate for amplitude1
Eb
Eb
N0
N0
for service
for amplitude af
Voice: 1
CS64: 64 x 1 x 100.287/12.2 x 0.67 x 100.4 2 = 5.76
PS64/64: 64 x 1 x 100.16/12.2 x 0.67 x 100.4 2 = 4.3
PS64/128: 64 x 1 x 100.16/12.2 x 0.67 x 100.42 = 4.3
Equivalent
intensity of
each service
Quantity of
equivalent
voice
channels in
the cell
Variance, mean and

capacity factor of the
composite service
Virtual
traffic A of
the system
Quantity of
virtual
channels in
the cell
A/B
PS64/384: 64 x 1 x 100.16/12.2 x 0.67 x 100.42 = 4.3

Number of
cells
Virtual
traffic A of
the cell

Quantity of
equivalent
voice channels
in the cell
Equivalent
intensity of
each service
Variance, mean and

composite service
Virtual
traffic A of
the system
Quantity of
virtual channels in
the cell
Virtual traffic
A of the cell
A/B
Number of
cells
Mean
mean erli ai 3000 1 400 5.67 100 4.3 5 4.3 2 4.3 5766.1
i
Variance
var iance erli ai 3000 1 400 5.67 2 100 4.32 5 4.32 2 4.32 18271.7
Capacity factor variance/mean 3.17

i
Virtual traffic of the system mean/capacity factor 5766.1/3.17 1818.96(Erl)

Quantity of
equivalent
voice channels
in the cell
Equivalent
intensity of
each service
Quantity of equivalent voice channels availably

(1 f ) *
1
W 1
1
1 * *
R v j Eb
No
Where, 50% and f 0.65
Variance, mean and

composite service
Virtual
traffic A of
the system
Quantity of
virtual channels in
the cell
A/B
Number of
cells
Get the quantity of equivalent voice channels N 54
Virtual
traffic A of
the cell

Equivalent
intensity of
each service
Quantity of virtual channels in every cell
(Ci ai )
Capacity
c
Quantity of
equivalent
voice channels
in the cell
Variance, mean and

composite service
Virtual
traffic A of
the system
Quantity of virtual channels in the cell (54 1)/3.17 16

Virtual traffic of every cell
Look up the Erl B table, and provide 9.83Erl for 16 virtual
channels in the case of 2% of call loss ratio
Quantity of
virtual channels in
the cell
A/B
Number of
cells
Virtual traffic
A of the cell
Number of cells=Virtual traffic of the system/virtual

traffic of every =1818.96/9.83=186
Number of three-sector base stations=186/3=62
Equivalent
intensity of
each service
Quantity of
equivalent
voice channels
in the cell
Variance, mean and

composite service
Virtual
traffic A of
the system
Quantity of
virtual channels in
the cell
A/B
Number of
cells
Virtual traffic
A of the cell
Integrate uplink and downlink coverage budget and uplink capacity

budget to determine that there are 84 base stations currently and
authenticate whether downlink power meets the requirement.
Determine the number of
stations
Quantity of virtual
channels in every cell
Quantity A of channels to be
End
Yes
NO
A<B
Add base stations
Quantity B of channels availably provided by the ce;;
Average traffic of every

cell
Average traffic of various

services in every cell
CS64: 400/84/3 1.59 Erl

PS64/64: 100/84/3 0.4 Erl
PS64/128: 35/84/3 0.14 Erl
PS64/384: 20/84/3 0.079 Erl
Average
traffic of
every cell
Quantity B of channels availably

Voice: 3000/84/3 11.9 Erl
Determine the number

of stations
Virtual traffic of
every cell
Quantity of
virtual channels
in every cell
Quantity A of
channels to be
provided by the
cell
A<B
Yes
End

of stations
mean 11.9 1.59 7.8 + 0.4 7.3 + 0.14 13.1 + 0.079 50 = 33.04
Variance of composite traffic
Average
traffic of
every cell
Virtual traffic
of every cell
Quantity of
virtual channels
in every cell
Quantity A of
channels to be
provided by the
cell
var iance 11.9 1.59 7.82 + 0.4 7.32 + 0.14 13.12 + 0.079 50 2 = 355.19


Equivalent service intensity of each service on
the downlink
Voice: 1,
CS64: 7.8,
PS64/64: 7.3
PS64/128: 13.1,
PS64/384: 50
Mean of composite traffic
Traffic factor capacity factor variance/mean

355.19/33.04 10.75
Virtual service capacity of the cell mean/capacity factor
33.04/10.75 3.07 (Erl)
A<B
Yes
End

of stations
Average
traffic of
every cell
Quantity of virtual channels in every cell

Look up the Erl B table and obtain that
the quantity of virtual channels required
by 3.07 Erl virtual traffic is 7
Quantity of equivalent voice channels to
be provided by every cell
(Ci ai )
Capacity
c
Quantity of equivalent voice channels:
7 10.75 1 76
Virtual traffic
of every cell
Quantity of
virtual channels
in every cell
Quantity A of
channels to be
A<B
Yes
End
Calculate the quantity of channels availably provided

by every cell based on power
N
PN * L *
( Eb / No) j
j 1
v
j 1
( Eb / No) j
W / Rj
W / Rj

of stations
Average
traffic of
every cell
Virtual traffic
of every cell
[(1 j ) j ]
P represents the maximum service transmission power, which is 13 W
j represents orthogoal factor, which is 0.6 for the multipath channel
Quantity of
virtual channels
in every cell
Quant
ity B
of
chann
els
availa
bly
provid
ed by
the
cell
Quantity A of
channels to be
provided by the
cell
L represents the average path loss, which is evaluated by subtracting

6 dBm from the maximum path loss
PN represents the noise power spectrum density on the front of the mobile
A<B
station receiver, and its value is -169 dBm
End
j represents interference factor from an adjacent cell. It is 0.65 for the threesector antenna macro cell
Obtain that the quantity of equivalent voice channels actually provided by every cell is 71
Yes

of stations
Average
traffic of
every cell
Comparison
The quantity of channels
to be provided by every
cell is 76
The quantity of channels
actually provided by every
cell is 71
There are 84 base stations
currently, and it cannot
satisfy downlink capacity
requirement, and some
stations should be added.
Virtual traffic
of every cell
Quantity of
virtual channels
in every cell
Quantity A of
channels to be
provided by the
cell
A<B
Yes
End
Iterative calculation
Number of base
stations
83
Number of
channels required
76
Number of
channels provided
69
84
85
76
76
70
71
86
72
71
87
72
71
88
65
72
If there are 88 base stations, the uplink and downlink coverage

capacity requirement can be met
In the case, the base station coverage radius is
40.8 / 88 / 1.95 0.488 Km

WO NP02 E1 1 UMTS Capacity Estimation-64

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

WO NP02 E1 1 UMTS Capacity Estimation-64

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

UMTS Capacity Estimation

UMTS Service mode

CS Domain Service Model

Key parameter: call frequency, call duration,

PS Domain Service Model

Call (Web Page)

PS Domain Service Model

Dormant status and Active status conversion

PS Service Model - Example

PS Domain Service Model

Downlink service bit rate

DL Mean Packet Size

Mean downlink packet

PS Domain Service Model

Uplink service bit rate

UL Mean Packet Size

Mean uplink packet size

Conversation The time relationship

Voice, video phone

The time relationship

Data integrity must be kept,

User Group Classification

High income group, enterprises and managers.

Mediumend General enterprises and some high income consumers.

Middle income class and students. Providing data

Note: User groups are distinguished by service type,

Percentage of user distribution in different application

10% 30% 30% 30%

Medium End 40% 50% 40% 10%

30% 40% 55% 90%

Traffic Analysis for Single Subscriber

Mean busy hour

Mean busy hour Erl. Per user=mean busy hour

Traffic Analysis for Single Subscriber

Mean Busy hour

Node: penetration rate means the percentage of UEs which support

Traffic Analysis for Single Subscriber

The average traffic according to the Service Model

UMTS Service mode

UMTS Network Dimensioning Procedure

Compare the results

Based on traffic type

Capacity Estimation Procedure

Hybrid service intensity analysis

Uplink capacity estimation

The UMTS system provides multiple services and the hybrid

Downlink capacity estimation

It is a verification process. The NodeB transmission power formula

Common Capacity Design Methods

Equivalent Erlangs method

Post Erlang-B method

Equivalent Erlangs Method

Principle: Make a service equivalent to another service and

Service A: 1 channel for each connection and the total is 12 erl.

Equivalent Erlangs Method

The calculation result

Post Erlang-B Method

Principle: Calculate the capacity required by each

Service A: 1 channel for each connection and the total

These two services require 19+36=55 channels

Post Erlang-B Method

Suppose services A and B are the same kind, where,

Based on the Post Erlang-B method

Service A: 1 channel for each connection and the total is 12 erl.