Heat Loss Through Tank

"jawed ismail" ~jawed@cosmos.skec.co.
kr~
@ TECHNIP-EXT
To:
cc:
Subject: Re: Advice on storage tank heating coil calculation
Dear Jawed
I have had a quick look at your query and following are my observations in this regard :
We need to maximise the length of the heating coil to be provided in the tank.
If SKEC are agreeing to provide 11568m coil length then this should be implemented.
Coil pitch normally becomes a limitation if the coil was being bent in a U-form or inserted in tubesheet
etc. therefore I do not foresee any problems in this regard. It should be possible to reduce the coil
pitch if required.
To maximise efficiency of the heat transfer it is important that the coil length provided in the shell is
maximised. If we provide too much length in the bottom then localised temperature gradient might
develop leading to increased heat losses through the tank bottom.
You should also consider the fact that the heating of the tank contents is likely to occur in three
phases :
Sensible heating from 15 Deg.C to 114.5 Deg.C
Fusion of sulphur at 114.5 Deg.C
Sensible heating again from 114.5 Deg. C to 140 Deg.C.
Therefore, the corresponding heat transfers will occur at different levels of LMTD. Further, since it is a
batch operation therefore LMTD in each of these phases will constantly keep changing. For this I
would recommend you to refer chapter 18 on batch heating in KERN and study the impact of
equation 18.5. Additionally, you can quickly run through this chapter on batch and unsteady-state
processes and see if something else is also applicable or not.
The heating coil length at the bottom I would suggest you to increase in same proportion as the
increase in bottom area from the existing tank.
Once again carefully analyse the roof losses and confirm the applicability of the equations used. I
hope winter ambient conditions have been considered in this regard.
I would refrain from taking credit for the roof coils / shell coils (top 20% height) in the heating of the
tank contents.
Finally, we shouid try to minimise deviating from the existing approach with respect to coil
arrangement.
I hope the above addresses your concerns. I am sorry for the delay in this response as I am just too
tied up on other issues.
Convey my hello to Sridhar and ask him to drop an email to me.
Bye and best wishes.
Anil
An11Bhatla
24/08/99 17 51
To:
@ TECHNIP-EXT
'jawed ismail" ~jawed@cosmos.skec.co.kr~
cc:
One thing to add : For your information the shell coil pitch in the existing tank as per Snamprogetti
data sheet is 215 mm.
......................
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.... Forwarded by Anil BhatlOPGAUH on 24108199 17:42 ..........................
Anll Bhatla
24/08/99 17 47
To:
'lawed ismail" ~jawed@cosmos.skec.co.kr~
@ TECHNIP-EXT
cc:
Dear Jawed
I have had a quick look at your query and following are my observations in this regard :
We need to maximise the length of the heating coil to be provided in the tank.
If SKEC are agreeing to provide 11568m coil length then this should be implemented.
Coil pitch normally becomes a limitation if the coil was being bent in a U-form or inserted in tubesheet
etc. therefore I do not foresee any problems in this regard. It should be possible to reduce the coil
pitch if required.
To maximise efficiency of the heat transfer it is important that the coil length provided in the shell is
maximised. If we provide too much len h in the bottom then localised temperature gradient might
develop leading to increased heat losses through the tank bottom.
You should also consider the fact that the heating of the tank contents is likely to occur in three
phases :
Sensible heating from 15 Deg.C to 114.5 Deg.C
Fusion of sulphur at 114.5 Deg.C
Sensible heating again from 114.5 Deg. C to 140 Deg.C.
Therefore, the corresponding heat transfers will occur at different levels of LMTD. Further, since it is a
batch operation therefore LMTD in each of these phases will constantly keep changing. For this I
uld recommend you to refer chapter 18 on atch heating in KERN and study the impact of
uation 18.5. Additionally, you can quickly
h this chapter on batch and unsteady-state
processes and see if something else is also applicable or not.
h at the bottom I would s gest you to increase in same proportion as the
increase in b a o m area from the existing tank.
ain carefully analyse the roof losses and nfirm the applicability of the
hope winter ambient con itions have been considered in this regard.
I would refrain from taking c
tank contents.
it for the roof coils I shell coifs (top 20% height) in the heating of the
Finally, we should try to minimise deviating from the existing approach with respect to coil
arrangement.
I hope the above addresses your concerns. I am sorry for the delay in this response as I am just too
tied up on other issues.
Convey my hello to Sridhar and ask him to drop an email to me.
Anil
And Bhatla
11108199 16 26
Tawed ismail" ~jawed@cosmos.skec.co.kr~
@ TECHNIP-EXT
To:
cc:
Subject: Re: Query
Dear Jawed
I am sorry for the delay in answering your query. The difference in the steam consumption is because
the existing system considers 77 truckslday unloading whereas the new system considers 90
truckslday unloading after expansion. This is based on the no. of trucks that will be unloaded once
the system is expanded based on the bay occupancy of 75% and that each truck will consume
approx. 49.7 Kg of steam. Total 5000 MTPD of sulphur is assumed to be unloaded after expansion.
Existing sulphur unloading rate is 2300 MTPD. The figure in table 2 is the additional consumption.
I hope this clarifies your query.

Anil
.#
*'
An11Bhatla
04/08/99 09 38
To:
"jawed ismaif" <jawed@cosmos.skec.co.kr>@ TECHNIP-EXT
cc:
Subject: Re: STORAGE TANKS - REVfSlON
Dear Jawed
I have no objection to use of hi in equation 13. This only marginally reduces the heat transfer
co-efficient as long as hv is correctly accounted for because that is what is going to determine the
overall heat transfer co-efficient. Just for cdnfirmation purposes I would suggest you to ask SKEC to
furnish you the source of the formula in equation 14 for hv.
Regarding the steam info I think that for consistency sake the two should be same.
I am pleased to note that you have moved to a new apartment. On TV we have been regularly seeing
news clippings about the massive rains that are taking place in that area. Were you adequately
prepared for this contingency?
Bye and best wishes
Anil
To:
Anil BhatIanPGAUH
cc:
Subject: Advice on storage tank heating coil calculation
Dear Bhatlaji,
SKEC have revised their heating coil calculation for storage tank based on FEED
in 120 hrs. I need your advice
criteria i.e. heating sulphur from 15 *C to 140
on the result. I am summarising the result for easy reckoning. Just for
comparison purpose I am mentioning the relevant details for the existing storage
tank as well.
A) Existing storage tanks:
Diameter = 32.325 m
Height = 7.315 m
Op. temp. = 138 * C
Sizing criteria: To heat sulphur from 15 *C to 140 *C in 120 hrs( Taken from
Ph-I d,s)
@
4
'
Coil Details :
Shell side: 6 coils of 400 m each = 2400 m
pitch = 250 mm
Roof side: 8 coils of 400 m each = 3200 m
pitch = 250 rnm
Bottom side: 8 coils of 400 m each = 3200 m
pitch = 250 mm
Please note that for roof side coils are placed outside the tank roof.
i-/
r^
-\
;zc-
P ;
B) New storage tank:

Op. temp. = I 3 5 *C
Diameter= 37.43m
Height=7.315m
(Operating temp. reduced to 135 'C as per Enersul's recommendation)
Case-I
Sizing criteria: To heat sulphur from 15 *C to 140 *C( Same as Ph-I d/s)
Calculated coil length:
For heating to 140 *C = 8579 m
2
For heat loss through shell and bottom = 639 m For heat loss through roof = 2350 m
For heat loss by pump draw out = 60 m (not considered for startup case)
Total length required = 11568 m
Sizing criteria: To heat sulphur from 15 *C to 135 *C( Same as Ph-I d/s)
I
-ia
I
sw
f
Calculated coil length(approx.):

For heating to 135 'C = 7000 m
For heat loss through shell and bottom = 639 m -'
For heat loss through roof = 2350 m
For heat loss by pump draw out = 60 m (not considered for startup case)
Total length required = 9989 m
Table-I
Coil arrangement(approx.):
Pitch
Total Coil Length
Shell(total height)
Shell (80
Bottom
3330 m
2670 m
250 mm
4360 m
200
4200 m
3360 m
5375 rn
Analysis of above calculations:
Based on above calculation it is evident that we have applied separate criteria
for roof side calculation as suggested by you as heat transfer coefficients for
the roof coils are entirely different to immersed coils.
, Sk""
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4.
P* *v-
c -7 h
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"",$
Ideally speaking coil length required to heat the sulphur to 1351140 g C shall be
in contact with sulphur. Based on this philosophy coil used for heating sulphur
shall be placed in bottom and shell(upto 80% height) only. If we extend this
philosophy we will have following coil arrangement:
Case-I
Coil length to be placed in Shell(upto 80% height) + Bottom = 8579+639=9218 m
From Table-I it is clear that even with 200 mm pitch we can place only 3360+5375
= 8735 m of coil. So for putting 9218 m of coil we will have a pitch of less than
200 mm which looks a bit too less. For roof side, coil pitch of slightly less
than 500 mm will be required to place coil length of 2350 m.
Case-I1
Coil length to be placed in Shell(upto 80% height) + Bottom = 7000+639=7639 m
From Table-I it is clear that with 250 mm pitch we can place only 2670+4360= 7030
m of coil. So for putting 7639 rn of coil we will have a pitch of slightly less
than 250 mm which looks reasonable. For roof side, coil pitch of slightly less
than 500 mm will be required to place coil length of 2350 m.
Conclusion
I propose to follow Case-I1 for design. I will fine tune the calculation little
bit. Like presently whole of shell is considered as immersed in liquid sulphur.
But for top 20% of the height I will follow roof side approach as it is not
immersed in liquid sulphur. This will increase the total coil length marginally.
In total new tank will be almost similar to existing tank wrt shell and bottom
side coil. But for roof side we will have a pitch of about 500 mm as compared to
250 mm in existing tank.
I need your advice/comment on above mentioned approach. One more question. Can we
take credit that roof coils/shell coils(top 20% of height) also contribute in the
heating of the contents. If we take credit, we can fix the min. pitch as 250 mm
on bottom and shell and balanced coils(7639-7030=609 m) can be placed in
shell(top20%) and roof side. I still don't have answer about equal length of coil
in bottom and roof in the existing tank.
I hope you will take out some time for me to give your advice.
Sorry for troubling you once again
Rest is fine. I have completed P&ID review as well on last Friday. I am reviewing
few other documents such as design basis, op. & control philosophy and
instruments d/s.
Sridhar has also arrived and is busy in clearing backlogs.
Thanks
&
regards,
Jawed
- attl .htm
To:
Anil BhatlaTTPGAUH
cc:
Subject: Query
Dear Bhatlaji,
Sorry to bother you for one more query on steam calculation. In Table 2 of
'Steam & Condensate System Study' steam requirement for existing truck
unloading baysi5 nos.) is indicated as 159 kg/hr whereas for new unloading
bays (2 nos.) steam quantity is 186 kglhr. Could you please tell me why
steam consumption is more for new unloading bays although no. of bays are
less.
Thanking you in advance,
Regards,
Jawed
To:
Anil BhatlalTPGAUH
cc:
Subject: AdvicelHelp
Bhatlaji,
I need your help/advice on steam material balance shown in PFD. During FEED
you have carried three sets of steam calculations, First one is actual
steam consumption which is indicated in Table 1 of 'Steam and Condensate
Study' and also indicated in 'Utility Balance Summary'. Second one is
normalised steam consumption indicated in Table 2 of above study. Table 2
is generated from Table 1. I could correlate these two tables with respect
to Unit 40 LP steam consumption. But I am unable to do so for Unit 30 LP
steam consumption. Could you please tell me how you have generated Table 2
from Table 1 wrt Unit 30 LP steam consumption (Table 2 figure is 2.08 times
Tablelfigure).
Table 2 figure is reported as average flow in PFD. Third set of figures are
the further normalised values (for total steam consumption of 10,000 kgihr)
using consumption figures of Table 2 . These values are indicated as
Instantaneous flow in PFD.
It is really difficult for SKEC to find out the basis for average flow. I
have thought one easier approach to indicate flows in PFD but I need your
ratification. For average flow I will indicate the actual consumption based
on heat transfer calculations. For new facilities, SKEC's calculated values
will be used. For existing facilities I will use the figures indicated in
Table 1 of study. For calculating instantaneous flow I will normalise all
the values as follows:
MP steam : 450 kg/hr
Unit 30 LP steam : 2000 kgihr
Another approach could be to normalise only those values for which
normalisation was done in FEED.
One more clarification. On Page 6 of study, it is stated that temp. rise in
the tank could be around 0.16 'Cihr. But I come up with a figure of 0.246
'Clhr for a heat transfer rate of 501800 kcal/hr, mass as 8500 tons(tank
full) andsp. heat of 0.24 kcal/kg'C.
I will call you on Monday and seek your advice

Regards
Jawed
To:
cc:
Anil BhatlalTPGAUH
Subject:
Hello Bhatlaji,
I am fine here and hope the same for you. Here, SKEC have issued most of the
process documents for company's approval and I am reviewing them. It is
keeping me extremely busy for the time being. I need your guidance, help and
offcourse your invaluable time out of your busy schedule for heating coils
calculation for storage tank and pits. I am attaching their calculations
for storage tank, day pit and the remelt pit.
Overall their approach is OK and the calculations are well documented.
However, I have noticed some discrepancies and drawbacks in their
calculations and will discuss with you once you have reviewed them.
SKEC have done these calculations themselves. For day pit and remelt pit
they have based their calculations on a paper published in Oil & Gas Journal
written by two persons of B&V Pritchard, USA.
During FEED we had estimated coil length for day pit and remelt pit. SKEC
have estimated a coil length of 765 m for day pit as compared to our
estimation of 720 m which is ok. But problem is with remelt pit and storage
tank.
We made a mistake in calculation for remelt pit. Me considered a figure of
157.4 Btuilb for latent heat of fusion of sulphur as compared to actual
figure of about 23 Btu/lb. I checked with Narang on the source of this
figure and he confirmed that there was a mistake. SKEC have estimated a
coil length of 30 m . As you know new remelt pit is identical to existing
remelt pit in size. Unfortunately I don't recollect the coil length in the
existing
pit. Only thing I remember is that it was modified in Phase I and 4 more
rows of coils were added. You may be able to find out this figure in the
file for existing data.
As you know we had already anticipated problem in storage tank and the time
has come to take a decision. SKEC have estimated a figure of 4500 m(tank
capacity = 11500 tons) for the new tank . Existing tank (capacity = 8500
ton) have total coil length of 8800 m with 3200 m each on roof and floor and
2400 m on the shell. What is your suggestion on the coil sizing criteria
indicated in FEED data sheet for heating sulphur from 15 "C to 140 eC in
120 hrs. With the sizing criteria indicated in FEED data sheet, I come up
with the figure of about 7 tihr of steam which doesn't look reasonable. I
am really unable to decide what to do with this criteria and need your
guidance. We had taken this criteria from Phase-I data sheet prepared by
Technip, Paris.
On the personal front things are falling in line one by one, Last week I
shifted to an apartment temporally and next week I will shift to my assigned
apartment. We have found a good Korean restaurant near our office for our
lunch. It has lot of variety and the price is very reasonable. Here rainy
season is at its peak. It is raining almost daily.
How a r e things at your end Must be very busy due to new jobs. You were
ood experienced process engineers to join the group. Rave
any of them joined so far.
Rest is fine. Convey my regards to Bala and other colleagues. I will be
happy if 1 could be of any use to you.
Regards
Jawed
- cal-304.~1~
- pro-304.~1~
- P ro-30 I. pdf
- cal-301 r . xls
To:
Anil BhatlaRPGAUH
cc:
Subject: AdvicelHelp
Bhatlaji,
I need your helpiadvice on steam material balance shown in PFD. During FEED
you have carried three sets of steam calculations. First one is actual
steam consumption which is indicated in Table 1 of 'Steam and Condensate
Study' and also indicated in 'Utility Balance Summary'. Second one is
normalised steam consumption indicated in Table 2 of above study. Table 2
is generated from Table I. I could correlate these two tables with respect
to Unit 40 LP steam consumption. But I am unable to do so for Unit 30 LP
steam consumption. Could you please tell me how you have generated Table 2
from Table 1 wrt Unit 30 LP steam consumption (Table 2 figure is 2.08 times
Table 1 figure).
Table 2 figure is reported as average flow in PFD. Third set of figures are
the further normalised values (for total steam consumption of 10,000 kgihr)
using consumption figures of Table 2 . These values are indicated as
Instantaneous flow in PFD.
It is really difficult for SKEC to find out the basis for average flow. I
have thought one easier approach to indicate flows in PFD but I need your
ratification. For average flow I will indicate the actual consumption based
on heat transfer calculations. For new facilities, SKEC's calculated values
will be used. For existing facilities I will use the figures indicated in
Table 1 of study. For calculating instantaneous flow I will normalise all
the values as follows:
MP steam : 450 kg/hr
Another approach could be to normalise only those values for which
normalisation was done in FEED.
One more clarification. On Page 6 of study, it is stated that temp. rise in
the tank could be around 0.16 Vihr. But I come up with a figure of 0.246
SCihr for a heat transfer rate of 501800 kcalihr, mass as 8500 tonsitank
full) and sp. heat of 0.24 kcalikg "C.
I will call you on Monday and seek your advice.

Regards
Jawed
5. CALCULATION SHEETS FOR SULPHUR STORAGE TANK
-----------..---------------------------- 6 SHEETS
( 5340-~~-100
)2
Sulphur Storage Tank
&
Kmncem
~wlstnrcfmco.,~td. Heating Coil Length
Project
NO.
Date
3210
09 JUL 99
Sheet
Rev
Calculation
Calculation
(Doc No. CA321OOO-PR-
ITEM NO
5340-TK-1002
LOCATION
RUWAIS. UAE
SERVE
SULPHUR STORAGE TANK
AREA
UNIT 40
1, Calculation of Heat Loss

1.1 Input data
Environment Data & Physical property
A I ~temp (tJ
Tank data
41 'F
5 'C
91,423 mileihr
Wind veloc~tyt3)
5.0 misec )
4.18E*.08 ftlhr2
1 27E+08 mlhR )
Gravcty accelerat~on(g)
(
D~ameter
Height
Stored Temp =
(
1790 kglm3 )
0.@MBtulft.hr 'F
0.133 Wim 'C)

0.24 Btultb 'F
0 24 kcallkg 'C )
f @.a86 LBift hr
Thermal conductivity (&)

Specific heat (Cp)
VISCOC'~,
cp X 2 42
8 cP)
0&@022I r F
OA3
0.005 ft;?.hr.'FIBtu
Coff. of Vol. Expansron

Emissivity
Fouling factor
1.2 Heat toss of Shell
Total heat transfer coff. (Us)=

Area of Tank shell
Heat loss of Shell.
fQJ =
4.3 Heat loss of Bottom
Ground temp,
(fg) =
Ther. cand. of Ground
(k& =
(Qh) =
7.315
2fS.00
135
14.70
11124 lblft3
Dens~ty (r)
37.43
24.80
Pressure
Heat loss of Bottom.
f22.80
1.033
ft
m)
ft
m)
'F
'6)
psia
kglcm2a )
Insulation data
Ther Cond (K,)
Th~ckness
6.6393
(
(
Resistance R
(),
0.828
Btu&.hr 'F
Wlm 'C )
ft
100
8.348
mm)
ftZ.hr.'FlBt~
0.0680
,~td
I

Heating Coil Length
Calculation
Project
NO.
Date
(Doc NO. CA321040-PR-
3210
09 JUL 99
ITEM NO
5340-TK-1002
LOCATION RUWAIS, UAE
SERVIC
AREA
Rev
Sheet
UNIT 40
1.4 Heat loss of Roof

Area of Tank roof =
not insulated roof case
(t)=
(td =
Roof inside temp.

Fluid surf. temp.
(b)=
(ki)=
Vapor temp.
Vapor coff.
=at x At =
1397266.4
Btuihr
(Q,) =at x At =
248397.28
&&&
IQJ
Heat loss of roof,
R2 "'
11837.6744
insulated roof case
Heat loss of roof.
1.5 Total Heat loss through Shell, Roof and Bottom

Qt
Qb + Qs +
Q,
: Not insulated roof case
1691759.57
Btuthr
===> 426318.47 KcaVhr
: Insulated roof case
542890.413
----->
Btufhr
136806.8 Kcallhi
2. Calculation of Steam Amount

LP Steam case
2.45 'C
293 ' F-
3.23 kgicrn2 g
45.5136 Ps~g
915.23 Btuirb
----->
838.44 kgihr
Latent heat
Not rnsul roof case
Insulated roof case
593 Ib/hr
-----a
269.06 kglhr
3. Calculation of Heating Coil Len

3.9)Goit data
Coil dia. .
3,
inch
0 1583333 R )
3.3)Outside Film Coefficient

ha
I
Sheet
ITEM
- NO
5340-TK-1052
SERVlC
h, =
15.48
Btu/ftZ.hr.'F
3.4) Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
3.5) Calculation of Coil Length
Not insulated roof case

A, =
6602.49 ft2
Insulated roof case

A, =
2118.76 ft2
LOCATION
RUWAIS. UAE
AREA
UNIT 40

Coil Length
m c t m ~ a , ~ ~Heating
.
Project
NO.
Date
3210
09 JUL 99
Sheet
Rev
Calculation
(DOCNO. CA3210-00-PRITEM NO
5340-TK-1002
LOCATION RUWAIS. UAE
SERVIC
StiLPHUR STORAGE TANK
AREA
UNIT 40
4. Heat Loss Caused by Pump Draw Out

4 I)
Input Data
Pump~ngRate
3178-35 ft3ihr
90 m3lhr
(= Inbreathing Air QuantQ)
0.W9lblft3
Denslty of Air
Speclhc Heat (c,)
Temp Dlff ( tf - t, )
1 27 kgim3
0 46 kcalfkg'C
234 'F
4.2) Heat Loss Calculation
Q=
4.3) Calculat~onof Cod Length
A, =
27124.3 Btulhr
==== >
6835.14 kcallhr
1115,86 ft2
5. Additional Heat Consumption

( Heat Consumption for elevating the temperature of stored Liquid Sulphur by 0.1'C in one hour )
5.1) lnput Data

Working Volume of Tank
6437 m3
Density of Liquid Sulphur
1790 kglm3
Specific Heat (c,)
0.24 kca1lkg.C
0.1 'C
Del. T to be elevated
Q = 1097384.7 Btulhr
5 3) Calculation of Call Length

A, =
.4282,80 ft2
====
276533.52 kcaVhr
~td.

Heating Coil Length
Cal~ulation
ITEM NO
5340-TK-2002
--
Sheet
09 JUL 99
LOCATION
RUWAIS UAE
AREA
UNIT 40
6. Conclusion
6.1 Total Heating Coil Length
According to the above calculation result, the length of heating coil is as follows ;
- For heat loss through Shell, Roof, and Bottom
- For heat loss by Pump Draw Out

L=
64.90 m
- For heat consumptionto elevate the temperature of stored liquid sulphur by 0.1'C in one hour.
Total length of heating coil is
In conclusion, the arragement of heating coil is as follows ;
Roof =
Shell =
Bottom =
I000 m
2000 m
1500 m
Rev
NO.
3210
(Doc NO. CA3210-00-PR-
SERVIC
Date
Project
ITEM NO
SERVIC
LOCATION RUWAIS, UAE
5340-TK-1002
AREA
UNIT 40
6.2 Total Steam Consumption

According to the above calculation result, the steam consumption is as follows ;
- For heat loss through Shell, Roof, and Bottom

Q=
542890.41
Btulhr
27124.30
Btulhr
- For heat loss by Pump Draw Out

Q=
- For heat consumptionto elevate the temperature of stored liquid sulphur by 0.1'C in one hour.
Q=
1097384.75
Btulhr
QT=
1667399.46
Btulhr
HL=
915.23
Btullb
'1821'84
lblhr
Total heat loss is
Latent heat of steam is
Total Steam Consumption is
Ws=
826.37
kglhr
Date
ConstntcZim Go, Ltd.
Heating Coil Length

Calculation
(DOC NO. CA3210-00-PR-
09 JUL 99
3210
ITEM NO.
5330-TK-1003
LOCATION
RUWAIS, UAE
SERVICE
SULPHUR REMELT PIT
AREA
UNIT 30
1. Calculation of Heat Loss

1.1 Input data
Pit data
Environment Data & Physical property

41 'FJ
5 'C
Air temp (t,)

W ~ n dveloclty (V)
Inside length
Inside wldth
Gravlty acceleration (g)

Dens~ty (r)
4.17Ei-08 Whr2
Inside depth below =

ground
fta
3 20
721
m
ft
2.20
m)
ft
m)
4d0
(
140
0.0765 Btutft hr 'F
Thermal conduct~v~ty
(Kf)
(
lns~dedepth above =
ground
0 19 kcallkg 'C )
26.610 LBtft hr
Viscos~ty, cp X 2 42
Material
Thickness
Conductivit
(
Coff of Vol Expansion
0.005 ft2. hr.'F/Btu
Fouling factor
Conductivity of soil
Liquid sulphur temp ( tf )
1 Btu/ft2.hr.'F Solid sulphur charge data

Mass of one sohd (Sb) =
sulphur batch
(
48 'F
Melting t ~ m eper batch =
Solid sulphur charge temp.

1.2 Additional data assumed
Thickness of floor concrete(xf) =
12 inch
(
=
(
Thickness of underground(x,,)
wall concrete
Thickness of above ground(x,,)
12 inch )
wall concrete
Thickness of roof concrete(x,) =
1.3 Heat loss from the floor
0.30
ft
m)
Insulation data
Specific heat (Cp)
Conductivity of concrete(K,)
304.8 mm {
6 inch
150.24 mm
1 ftZ.hr.'F/ Btu
oam glass
15267
6925
"t
Ib
kg)
hhr
Maximum sulphur
level in pit
= Upto ground level
Insulation
= All walls, roof and floc
SK
Engineering&
Constmion &,Ltd.
Calculation
I
Sulphur Remelt Pit

Heating Coil Length
Calculation
project
(DOC NO. CA3210-00-PR-
3210
Sheet
Date
Rev
NO .
09 JUL 99
21 5
ITEM NO.
5330-TK-1003
LOCATION
RUWAIS, UAE
SERVICE
SULPHUR REMELT PIT
AREA
UNIT 30
1.3.1 Heat loss from the central section
Area for the central section of floor ( Act)

Heat loss from the central section of floor ( QCf)=
23.7 ft2
230.2 Btu 1 hr ,l
1.3.2 Heat loss from the ends section
Assumed
1,
2.336
I
IIh,
I Calculated
Resistances ft2.hr.'F 1 Btu

Rf
1 .OOO
0.230
R,ns
8.4677
Area for the central section of floor ( Aef)

=
Heat loss from the central section of floor ( Qef) =
Total heat loss from the floor
(a,>
--
Reit
20.386
Re,
10.688
qef
10.154
51.98 ft2
527.84
Btu 1 hrv/
758.02 Btu 1 h
1.4 Heat loss from underground walls
73.547 BtuI ft2.hr
( 0.6 ,q
,
considered for depth at 4.6 ft )

*
BtuIhr
--
f ,
2.336
ITEM NO
5330-TK-1003
LOCATION
RUWAIS, UAE
SERVICE
SULPHUR REMELT PIT
AREA
UNIT 30
--.
1.5 Heat loss from above ground walls and roof
1.5.1 Heat loss from above ground warts

RrtS =
8.468
ft2.hr.'F IBtu
Rw =
1.000
ft2.hr.IF IBtu
tss
244.014
I
1
calculated
t,w
233.68
1.5.1 Heat loss from roof

8.468
RI"S =
0.500
R, =
I
/
1IC,
0.522
ft2.hr.'F IBtu
ft2.hr.'F IBtu
calculated
0.4679
Ratio of above ground side wall area to roof area ( r )
Total heat loss from above ground walls and roof ( Q, + Q, ) =
2285.1 Btu / hr
1.5 Heat toss due to water infiltration
Heat loss due to water infiltration ( Q

,, )
6968.2 Btu Ihr
1.6 Heat loss due to heating and melting of solid sul
eat loss due to heating and meltin of solid sulphur ( Q, ) =
1.7 Total Heat lo
Btu / hr
ITEM NO,
5330-TK-1003
LOCATION
RUWAIS, UAE
SERVICE
SULPHUR REMELT PIT
AREA
UNIT 30
2. Calculation of Steam Amount

MP Steam case
'C
338 'F
880.00
kglcm2 g
99.561 Psig
Latent heat
Iblhr
Steam consumption
----->
3. Calculation of Heating Coil Length

3.1) Coil data
Coil dia. :
2,374 inch
0.1978333 ft )
3.2) Inside F
BtulfU.hr.'F
ho
8.65+00
1.91 +01
2.12E+01
3.3) Outside Film Coefficient
19.06
3.4) Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
ITEM NO.
5330-TK-1003
LOCATION
RUWAIS, UAE
SERVICE
SULPHUR REMELT PIT
AREA
UNIT 30
4. Heat Loss Caused by Pump Draw Out

4.1) Input Data
Pumping Rate
(= lnbreathing Air Quantity)
Density of Air
Specific Heat (c,)
ft3fhr
O.QT9 Ib/ft3
0.46 E3tullb.F
207 'F
Temp. Diff, ( tf - t, )
1)

Q=
A, =
747.4 Btulhr
--
==== >
1883.5 Kcal / hr
0.48 ft2
5. Conclusion
According to the above calculation result, the length of heating coil is as follows ;
- For heat loss through the floor, roof, underground and above ground walls
- For heat loss by Pump Draw Ou
Total length of heating coil is
LT=
I,PURPOSE
This design guide describes the method of tank heat loss and heatin
2. SCOPE
2 1 Calculation of heat loss from hot surfaces
2.2 Siting of tank heating coil length
3. DESIGN BASIS
3.1 Calculation of heat toss from hot surfaces
3.1.1 Natural Convection at tank outside
For heat toss from surface by natural convection to air at atmospheric pressure and
at ordinary temperatures, the coeRcient is given by the following dimensionat equations
Horizontal Pipes :
Vertical Pfates
More Than 2ft
a2

Heating Coil Length
Calculation
(Dm NO. CA3210-00-PR-301)
P,ject
No,
3210
Date
Sheet
Rev
09JUL99
3/17
Horizontal Plates
Facing Upward :
h, = 0 . 3 8 ~ t ~ . ' ~
Horizontal Plates
Facing Downward:
hc = 02 4t '.'j
Equation (4) can be used for tank heat transfer coefficient by convection.
And in case of considering wind effect, the following equation can be used.
where
I?,,
: heat transfer coefficient by convection,

( BtulFt2-hr-"F)
4
i
: Diameter of outside (In)

: Weight (Ft)
I,Y
: Temperature at tank surface ("F
re
: f emperature at atmosphere ('F)
: Wind velocity (MilelHrf
,"
&amtmim6o,lld,

Heating Coil Length
Calculation
(DOCNO, CA321040-PR-301)
Date
Sheet
09JiJL99
4/17
3210
3.1.2 Natural Convection at tank inside
where,
h,
: Heat transfer coeff'icient at inside of tank
(BtulFM-hr-"F)
: Thermal conductivity of tank content at average
film temperature, (BtulFt-hr-F F)
: Density at average film temperature (Ib/ft3)

: Acceleration due to gravity,
4.18 x 30' (FtlHr2)
: Specific heat of fluid (Btu/Lb"F)
: Viscosity at average film temperature,
Centipoise X 2,42 (LbfFt-Hr)
: Temperature of stored contents ('F)
: Temperature of tank wall ('F)

: Coefficient of volumetric expansion (Ft3JFt3-"F)
P,,. =
Tv~ical" b value fa
R ~ V
NO.
P1 t- P.?
&d.

Heating Coil Length
Caleuiation
(Doc NO. 6313210-00-PR-30.1)
ate
street
RW
09JUL99
5/57
NO.
3210
3.1.3 Radiation
For heat loss from surfaces by radiation, the coefficient is given by the following
equations.
where,
hr
: Heat transfer coefficient by radiation
(BtufFt2-Hr-"F)
: Surface emissivity
* Commonly used for

Bare Steel, Brick, or Roofing
0.8
* Aluminum
0.12
* Aluminum Paint
0.55
* Oxidized Aluminum
0.2
* White Painted Canvas
0.6
- 0.6
3.1.4 Conduction at tank bottom
For heat loss from a flat bottom tank sitting on the ground by conduction, the
coefficient is given by the following equations.
where,
J;?
: Heat loss from bottom (BtulHr)
: Diameter of lank (Ft)

W e of tank contents ( 'F)
: Temperature of
Relationship between atmospheric and soil temperature
K.e
: Thermal conductivity of ground below tank bottom
(BtulFt-Hr-' F)
0.2
(DRY SOIL)
%
1.0
(WET SOIL)
Modreate value = 0.8
3.1.5Heat loss through insulation

The resistance of the insulation depends an its thickness and its thermal conductivity,
The resistance of the insulation can be expressed.
where,
ky
: Thermal resistance of insulation (Ft2-Wr-"FfBtu)
X,
: Thickness of insulation (Ft)
Ktm
: Thermal conductivity of insulation (Btu/Ft-Hr-"F)
Constru~mhLzd.

Heating Coil Length
Calcutation
(OW No. CA3210-00-PR-301)
Date
Projmt
No,
3210
03 JUL 39
3. 9.6Overall heat transfer coefficient for side of tank
The overall heat transfer coefficient, ( C ,),for the side of insulated tanks would be
bT.$ : Overall heat coeficient at sides (BtulFt2-Wr-"F)
where,
h, = h,
+ h,
rr
: Heat transfer coefficient of ambient air (BtulFt2-Hr-"F)

:Fouling Factor (Ft2-Hr-"FlBtu)
moderate value = 0.005
3.1.7 Overall heat transfer coefficinet for roof of tank
The overall heat transfer coefficient,
tUr),for the insulated roof of
tanks
At moderate temperature (5Q"F-400F) and pressure (0-500 psia)

the film coeficient of air gap above liquid surface
= 9.686 x
1 0 ~ PO'
'
(ti}-"
GI,- IK)'"
where,
: Stored pressure (PSIA)
: Temperature at inside wail of tank roof
f,
1,
tl heat transfer
: Temperature at fluid surfam
(OF)
('F)
: Temperature of vapor
fly = 0 . 5 - ( t j + t R } )
(OF)
cient,
fur),for the uninsulabd roof of
tanks
3.1.6 Overall heat transfer coeffricient for side of tank

The overall heat transfer coefficient, (t-!.9),forthe side of insulated tanks would be
where,
h, = h,
U,
+ h,
5
: Overall heat coefficient at sides fBtufFt2-Hr-"F)

: Heat transfer coefficient of ambient air (BtulFt2-Xr-"F)
: Fouling Factor (Ft2-Hr-"FIBu)
moderate value = 0.005
3.1.7 Overall heat transfer coefficinet for roof of tank

,for the insulated roof of tanks
The overall heat transfer coefficient,
At moderate temperature (50F-400'Fj and pressure (0-500 psia)
the film coefficient of air gap above liquid surface
h, = 9.686 x
P"[(~~)-"(I,
- IR)02'
where,
: Stored pressure (PSfA)
f t,
: Temperature at inside watt of tank roof
ft.
: Temperature at fluid surface
I,$
(OF)
( O F )
: Temperature of vapor
f f V = 0.5f-bf + t N ) )
The overall heal transfer coemcient,
(OF)
,for the uninsulated roof of tanks

Heating Coil Length
Calculation
f Doc NO. CA3210-00-PR-301f
Date
Stwet
Rev
03 JUL93
8117
3.1.8 Overall Heat Loss from Tanks
Where,
: Heat loss at side (BtulHr)
P b
: Heat loss at roof (BtufWr)

: Heat loss at bottom (BtufHr)
4
4
: Heat transfer area at side (Ft2)
: Diameter of tank bottom (Ft)
: Heat transfer area at roof (Ft2)
3.1.9Film coefficient for Horizontal Cylinders

For natural convection at outside surface of horizontal cylinders, the following
equation will be recommended :
h, = 0.53-(G,
4,
Where,
I..
P,)
'"
'
ovM.

Heating Goii Length
Caicufation
Project
(Doc No. CA3210-00-PR-302)
3220
NO,
G,
: Grashof Number
'r
: Prandtl Number
di
: Diameter of Coil outside (Ft)
h,
: Inside film coefficient (BtulFt2-Hr-"F)
Overall heat transfer coefficient
Heat transfer area
where,
3.1.10 Coil length
: Heat loss from Tank
U,
(BtulWr)
: Overall heat transfer coefficient at Coil (Btulft2-Hr-"F)
T,
: Steam temperature ('F)
Ti
A,
: Stored fluid temperature ("F)
: Heat transfer area (ft2)

cmu~tmC&Ltd+ Heating Coil Length
Calculation
ate
Sheet
Rev
09JUL39
$0117
NO.
(DOCNO. CA3210-00-PR-301)
3240
4. CALCUUTION PROCEDURE
The heat transfer quantity Q1 at inside film, Q2 at out ide film, and Q3 through insulation
material are all same,and the temperature slope is as shown below :
K,s
X
Tank Fluid
: Inside Film Coefficient ( Btulff2-hr-'F )
he.
: Outside Film Coefficient ( Btum2-hr-'F )
Kt,
~~~~
4
: Thermal conductivity of insulation ( Btulft-Wr-'F )

: Thickness of insulation ( A )
: Stored fluid temperature ( 'F )
lw
Temperature of tank wall( 'F )
l.
Temperature at tank surface ( 'F 1
rcc
: Temwrature at atmosphere ( 'F F)
And Q?=Q2=Q3can be expressed by the fottowing equations :
In this cafculation,
and outside wal
Q2
and Qg with assuming ins
ion until Q f ,Q2, Qsbecome
4.1.1 Heat lass from sid
inside Film Coefficient h

Assume t ,
f%
Galculate hI
Resistance of insulation Rim

Thermal conductivity of insulation
k"tn,i
4p SK
akd.
Design Guide
Heating Coil Length

Calculation
(Doc No. CA321040-PR-301)
Date
Sheet
09 JULSS
12/17
3210
Try again unit1 f and t, are consistent.
Overall heat transfer coeficient U,
Using eq*(12)
U,
BtulFt2-
As
Ft2
Q,
Btu/Hr
f~
"F
Caculate side suface area

A, = nDL
D : Diameter of tank (Ft)
L : Height of tank (Ft)
Calculate heat loss from side
Q , ~ ~ ( Jt , - Jt o )~
4.2 HEAT LOSS FROM BOTTOM
Assume
tx
Thermal conductivity of soil
BtuiFt-Hr-'F
Calculate heat loss from bottom
ga
BtulHr
(Using Eq. (1 0))
R ~ V
No.
0

Heating Coif Lmgtfi
o,ttd.
Project
No.
Calculation
(DOCNO,CA3210-00-PR-301)
3210
Calculate ttt far uninsulated

roof ( Using Eq.(15))
Ot
EftulFt2-Mr-"F
Calculate qt = Ut ( ti - ta )
Btul Hr-Ft2
Calculate tf = ti - qwhi
tf
tr = ts
Calculate tr = ts= tf - qtlhv
= ta + qt I ho
Try until the assumed values of tf, tr / ts match the calculated values.
Calculate heat loss from roof
Q, = uu:
A,
( i , -t,)
f-l,
BtufXr

Heating Coil Length
Calculaticln
(DOC NO. C A W0-00-PR-301)
4.4 TOTAL HEAT LOSS FROM TANK
4.5 STEAM CONSUMPTION
Steam condition
Steam Pressure
psia
Steam Temperature
f,
'F
Latent heat of steam
/Z
BtulLb
Calculate Steam consumption
4.6 HEATING COIL LENGTH

4.6.1 Heat transfer surface area
Inside film co&icient

Take h,=1500 BtulFt2-Hr-"F,if steam is used as heating medium.
Outside film coefficient
Sutphur Storage Tank

&d.
Heating Coil Length

Calculation
(Doc NO. CA3210-00-PR-301)
: Grashof Number
: Diameter of Coil outside (Ft)
Calculate G, ' P,
Check calculation of
t,
Try again until t,is consistent

Overall heat transfer coefiicient
Project
No,
Date
3210
09 JUL 99
where,
U,
: Heat loss from Tank (Btu/Hr)

: Ov~rall
heat transfer coefficient at Coil (BtulFG-Hr-*F)
Th
: Steam temperature
Ti
: Stored fluid temperature
4.6.2 Calculate coil length
( O F )
(T)
Sulphur Remelt Pit Heating

Coil Length
Ca tculation
Date
Sheet
Rev
(Doc Plo. GA3210f)O-PR304)
09 JUL 99
1/16
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.
DESIGN BASIS
4.
CALCUMTIOM PROCEDURE
5,
CALCUUTION SHEETS FOR SULPHUR REMELT PIT HEATING COIL LENGTH
---------------------
( 5330..~~-1003
)
5 SWEETS
Design Guide

Coil Length
Calculation
Project
NO.
Date
(Doc No. CA3210-00PR304)
3210
09 JUL 99
1. PURPOSE
This design guide describes the method of sulphur day pit & melt pit heat loss and heating coil length calculation
2. SCOPE
2.1 Calculation of heat loss from sulphur pits.

2.2 Sizing of pit heating coil length
3. DESIGN BASIS
The total heat requirement for a storage

tank for liquid sulphur consists of the sum
of the individual heat losses for:
-. Floor
-. Side walls below ground level
-. Side walls above ground level and

above liquid sulphur level
-. Roof
-. Water Infigration
Sheet
2115
Rev
8SK

Engineering &
GonstNctionCo,,Ltd.
Coil Length
Date
Sheet
Rev
No.
Calcuiation
Design Guide
(Doc No. CA321040-PR-304)
09 JUL 99
3210
3115
3.1 Calculation of heat loss from the floor of the pit

4
311
Heat transfer coeffic~entfor llqu~dsulphur
*,Y" -rr
0 25
h, = 0.45K,
(11
\-
J*
3.1.2
Resistance of the floor

For concrete , conducitvity
3.1.3
Resistance of insulation
3.1.4
The floor is divided into a center section and into end sections with a length
equal to half the tank width
The length of the ground path flow

for the center section of the floor
The length for the ends of the floor
3.1.5
The heat fluxes for the central and end sections
where
3.1.7
(5)
Red=X4/Ks
(7)
The resulting ground resistances for heat flow from

the floor
3.1.6
Xaf= r i l 2 ( ~+
~X
, I / 1 2 + 1~6 )
Area for the central section of the floor
Heat loss for the central section

Area for the end sect~onof the floor
Heat loss for the end sectlon
Total heat loss from the floor
QSK Constructian Co,

Engineering &
Ltd.
Design Guide

Coil Length
Calculation
(Doc No. CA3210-00PR304)
Date
3210
3.2 Heat loss from the underground vertical walls ( Fully sulphur wetted )
3.2.1
The heat loss I unit area from the underground vertical walls decreases with depth
since the soil heat flow path increases for greater depths. The heat loss is calculated
at each foot of depth and the total heat loss from the sidewalls below grade is the
sum of these increments.
The ground path heat flow length for walls at
different depths
Ground resistance for each foot of depth

The heat flux at each foot of depth
where
The total heat flux for entire depth
The heat loss for complete underground walls
3.2.2
Resistances of sulphur film and insulation are given by Equations ( 1 ) and ( 3 )

Resistance of concrete side walls
Sheet
Rev
NO.
09 JUL 99
5115
Enginewing &
Construction Co,,kd,
Design Guide
3.3

Coil Length
Calculation
NO.
(Doc No. CA3210QOPR-304)
3210
Date
Sheet
6115
09 JUL 99
Rev
Heat loss from aboveground walls ( fully unwetted ) and roof
3.3.1
Outside air film coefficient for side walls
Outside air film coefficient for roof
3.3.2
Resistance of sulphur and insulation are given by equations ( 1 ) and ( 3 )

Resistances of concrete wall and roof are given by
Conductance of air gap between sulphur surface and wall & roof given by
where
C,,,=0.0042twav+0.912
(30)
C,. = 0 . 0 0 4 2 t r a v -t0.912
(31
L=0.5(4, +tJ
(32)
+ tss)
( 33 )
trav
The temperature drops across air gap are
3.3.3
The total heat loss from roof and wall
where r is the ratio of the above sulphur side wall area to the roof area
=o.'(tir
Af,,
= q,
C,
(34)
At,
= q r fC,
(35)
QSK
Engrneerin~
&
Constnrction C4L3.d.
Design Guide

Coil Length
Calculation
Project
NO.
Date
(Doc No. CA3210110-PR304)
3210
09 JUL 99
Sheet
7115
Rev
3.4 Heat loss due to water infiltration into the pit at the rate of 0.05 gpm per
@vi
1000 ft2 of belowground floor and side wall area
29.2 ( n u w ( W+L) + WL)
3.5 Heat loss due to heating and melting of solid sulphur
3.6 Total heat loss from the Sulphur Day Pit
3.7 Total heat loss from Remelt Pit
3.8 Outside film coefficient

For natural convection at outside surface of horizontal cylinders, the following
equation will be recommended :
for G, P,
<
lo4
for l o 4 .:G , P ,
for G;P,
.:109
> 109
Where,
G,
4, CAtCUUTfON PROCEDURE
: Prandtl Number
( 38
QSK
m~neeri~lg
&
Construction Co,,Ltd.
Design Guide

Coil Length
Calculation
Project
NO.
Date
(DOC NO. CA321080-PR-304)
3210
09 JUL 99
4.1 HEAT LOSS FROM THE FLOOR
l i f
Calculate
( Using eq. (2))
&,,
Calculate
Rtn8
( Using eq. (3))
Calculate
cd
( Using eq. (4)& (6))
Calculate
e d
( Using eq. (5)&(7))
Assume
!I
t , $
( Using eq. (8)& (10))
Calculate
Try till
Assume
Calculate
calculated matches with the assumed value
t~
( Using eq. (1))
Calculate
ef
( Using eq, (9)& (11))
At3 = %,
ih.5
Calculate
Try till
calculated matches with the assumed value
Sheet
8115
Rev
Q SK
Engrneenng&
Construction Co,,Ltd.
Design Guide
I
Coil Length
Calculation
(Doc No. CA3210-00-PR304)
Date
09 JUL 99
Calculate
lef
Qf
Btuihr
Sheet
9/15
Rev
Calculation
4.2 HEAT LOSS FROM UNDERGROUND WALLS
Calculate
R,,
( Using eq. (23))
Rim
Calculate
( Using eq. (3))
Assume
Calculate
(for each depth)

(for each depth)
( Using eq. (1))
..,
;Y uw a?-zdR
Calculate
PW
ft2-hr-olBtu
ft2-hr-olBtu
at each foot of the depth

( Using eq. (17)&(1 8))
Calculate
and 4
u,,
w
,
.,
at each foot of the depth

( Using eq. (19)& (20))
calculate
bS
=qu,/hs
tt,
for each depth

Try till
Calculate
( Using eq. (21)&(22))
uw
calculated matches with assumed value for each depth.
f2
rn
Btulhr
Construction Ca,Ltd.

Coil Length
Calculation
Project
NO.
Date
Sheet
(DOC NO. CA3210110-PR-304)
3210
09 JUL 99
11 / 15
4.3 HEAT LOSS FROM ABOVEGROUND WALLS AND ROOF
4.3.1 LOSS FROM WALLS

Assume
Calculate
t s
1 I h ,
( Using eq. (1))
Calculate
I?
ft2-hr-u/Btu
f i w
( Using eq. (28))
K3
Calculate
( Using eq. (3))
1 1h
Assume
Gw
1 /Cw
Calculate
Calculate
At, = t ,
-r,
=q,
/hs
using eq. (25)
check the two calculated values of

Calculate
( Using eq, (30))
Try until the caculated values of
4.3.2 LOSS FROM ROOF
and
match with the assumed values.
QSK
Eng~neenng&
Constmion Co, Ltd.
Design Guide

Coil Length
Calculation
Project
No.
Date
Sheet
Rev
(Doc No. CA3210-00-PR304)
3210
09 JUL 99
12115
Calculate
1 l h
ft2-hr-alBtu
( Using eq. (1))
1 ,
caicuiate
( Using eq. (29))
Calculate
'im
( Using eq. (3))
1 1h
Assume
ar
7',
Calculate
Btulft2-hr
Calculate
&, = t f -tss =qr lhs
t, -ti, = q , / C ,
=
"or
A t
/'or
using eq. (27)
LA
tar
il
check the two calculated values of
( Using eq. (30))
Try until the caculated values of
calculate
G? w
G? r
and
match with the assumed values.
Btulhr
( Using eq. (36)& (37))
4.4 HEAT LOSS DUE TO WATER INFILTRATION
Calculate
( Using eq. (38))
wz
Btulhr
QSK
Enginewing &
Constmtim Co.,Ltd,
Design Guide

Coil Length
Calculation
Project
NO.
Date
Sheet
Rev
(Doc No. CA321040-PR304)
3210
09 JUL 99
13115
4.5 HEAT LOSS DUE TO MELTING OF SOLID SULPHUR

Calculate
nZ
Btulhr
I!
LIP
Btulhr
( Using eq. (39))
4.6 TOTAL HEAT LOSS FROM SULPHUR DAY PIT
Caicuiate
e m
( Using eq. (40))
4.7 TOTAL HEAT LOSS FROM SULPHUR REMELT PIT

Calculate
Mp
em
Btulhr
( Using eq. (41))
4.8 STEAM CONSUMPTION

Steam condition
Steam Pressure
psia
Lblhr
Steam Temperature
Latent heat of steam
Calculate Steam consumption

Coil Length
Calculation
Project
NO.
(ROC No. GA3210-00-PR-304)
3210
19 HEATING COIL LENGTH
Take h,=1500 Btulft2-hr-o, if steam is used as heating medium.

Outside film coefficient
Assume t,
Gaiculate G,
Calcufate G, P,
for G,P, .:la4
Gr
: Grashof Number
: Prandtf Number
Sheet
Rev
Check calculation of t ,
Try again until the calculated value oft, matches with the assumed.
Overall heat transfer coefficient
Calculate heat transfer area
where,
4.9.2 Cafcutate Goit Jength
: Heat loss from pit
UC
: Overall heat transfer coefficient at Coil (Btulff2-hra)
Th
: Steam temperature (a)
Ti
: Stored fluid temperature
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Heat Loss Through Tank

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"jawed ismail" ~jawed@cosmos.skec.co.

.... Forwarded by Anil BhatlOPGAUH on 24108199 17:42 ..........................

Bye and best wishes.

B) New storage tank:

Calculated coil length(approx.):

I will call you on Monday and seek your advice

I will call you on Monday and seek your advice.

5. CALCULATION SHEETS FOR SULPHUR STORAGE TANK

Sulphur Storage Tank

(Doc No. CA321OOO-PR-

SULPHUR STORAGE TANK

1, Calculation of Heat Loss

0.133 Wim 'C)

Thermal conductivity (&)

Coff. of Vol. Expansron

1.2 Heat toss of Shell

Total heat transfer coff. (Us)=

4.3 Heat loss of Bottom

Ther. cand. of Ground

Heat loss of Bottom.

Sulphur Storage Tank

(Doc NO. CA321040-PR-

LOCATION RUWAIS, UAE

SULPHUR STORAGE TANK

1.4 Heat loss of Roof

not insulated roof case

Roof inside temp.

Heat loss of roof,

insulated roof case

Heat loss of roof.

1.5 Total Heat loss through Shell, Roof and Bottom

: Not insulated roof case

===> 426318.47 KcaVhr

: Insulated roof case

2. Calculation of Steam Amount

3. Calculation of Heating Coil Len

3.3)Outside Film Coefficient

SULPHUR STORAGE TANK

3.4) Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

3.5) Calculation of Coil Length

Not insulated roof case

Insulated roof case

Sulphur Storage Tank

LOCATION RUWAIS. UAE

StiLPHUR STORAGE TANK

4. Heat Loss Caused by Pump Draw Out

(= Inbreathing Air QuantQ)

4.2) Heat Loss Calculation

5. Additional Heat Consumption

5.1) lnput Data

Density of Liquid Sulphur

Specific Heat (c,)

5 3) Calculation of Call Length

Sulphur Storage Tank

- For heat loss through Shell, Roof, and Bottom

- For heat loss by Pump Draw Out

Total length of heating coil is

In conclusion, the arragement of heating coil is as follows ;

(Doc NO. CA3210-00-PR-

LOCATION RUWAIS, UAE

6.2 Total Steam Consumption

- For heat loss through Shell, Roof, and Bottom

- For heat loss by Pump Draw Out

Total heat loss is