1.

Overview
The
twenty-first
century
heralded
countless
changes
in
the
telecommunications means to deliver services to residential and business
consumers. The phenomenon is underpinned by two technologies: Internet
protocol (IP) and optical fiber. The technology provides triple play (viz)
voice, video, and data services over a common protocolIP. Operators are
quickly moving to maximize the number of services offered to a single
customer via a bundled offering. Technologies such as voice over IP (VoIP),
IP television (IPTV), and broadband will become a common requirement.
As bundled services and technologies are deployed, the legacy networks,
designed to efficiently deliver a single service, are stressed and in many
cases incapable of offering the desired services.
The telecommunications has matured to offer network convergence and
enable the revolution of consumer media device interaction. The aging copper
access infrastructure in residential and business locations is unable to meet
the demand of increase in bandwidth, for several applications. These
demands can only be met by the deeper penetration of optical fiber in access
networks and increasing deployment of fiber-to-the-home (FTTH). As a result,
FTTH is the fastest-growing global broadband technology, with significant
deployments
1.1 Bandwidth Demand
Operators will need capability of delivering more than 40 Mbps per tenants,
over the next few years, as multiple services are used in the home, highdefinition TV (HDTV) becomes more prevalent, and users demand faster
Internet connections. Hence the need to deploy more single-mode optical
fiber, deeper in the access networks, has become a necessity. Such a fibre
deployment shall meet the high bandwidth requirements of customers, ensure
the network future proof, maximizes the symmetrical bandwidth throughput of
a carriers access network, provide network reliability, reduce operating
expenses and will enhance the revenue opportunities. The industry refers to
this technology as Fibre to Home (FTTH).
1.2 Introduction GPON
The Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network (GPON) family of specifications has
been released by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in the ITU-T G984.x series of documents starting from 2003. GPON technology is not backward
compatible to APON or BPON. An alternative technology has been specified by the
North American IEEE based on Ethernet and thus named Ethernet PON (EPON) or
Gigabit Ethernet PON (GEPON). The corresponding standard is IEEE 803.2ah.
EPON and GEPON are not compatible.

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ONU
ONT

Passive
Optical Splitter
ONU
ONT

ONU
ONT
ONU
ONT

Customer Premises

1:n

OLT

Central Office

Fig.1 (Principle layout of passive optical network)

All PON technologies are based on the same principal layout of a passive optical
network as shown in the figure above. A number of terminals at the customer side
communicate with the same port of the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) in the central
office. The full bandwidth of this port is shared between the connected Optical
Network Terminals (ONTs).
ONTs can be designed for single or multiple user CPE deployment. ONTs are
available for indoor and outdoor installation. However in Etisalat, only indoor type
shall be deployed. ONTs can be located directly in the customer premises.
GPON can be operated on 1 or 2 fibers, symmetrical or asymmetrical. Up to 7
combinations of upstream and downstream transmission rates are possible, of which
the highest are 2.5 Gbit/s and 1.25 Gbit/s.
Etisalat and many other operators favored 2.5 Gbit/s for downstream and 1.25 Gbit/s
for upstream transmission in order to be most future-proof.
The single fiber GPON operates on different wavelengths for upstream and
downstream directions:
upstream:
downstream

1260 nm 1360 nm
1480 nm 1500 nm

Parameter category
Downstream
2.5 Gbit/s nominal
Upstream
1.25 Gbit/s nominal

All specified parameters are in accordance with ITU-T Rec. G.984.2.

1.3 Over View of FTTH Outside Plant (OSP) Components
A wide array of outside plant components are used to build FTTH networks
All FTTH networks inherently are designed to deliver an optical fiber to the
subscriber. However, their design is highly dependent on the unique nature of
the access environment, so product and design flexibility is critical.
In short, at the core, FTTH networks contain an optical line terminal (OLT),
optical cable, and optical network terminal (ONT).The OLT is typically at the
CO but can also be sited in a remote location. The OLT houses the laser
transmitters dedicated to each user in a PTP (Point to point) network or

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shared across several users in a PON. The OLT is also the aggregation point
for voice network, data, and video.
The optical fiber carries the signal to the user and is divided into three
sections: main cable (terminated at the CO), distribution cable (fanning out
across the access network and connect to the Main cable feeds), and drop
cable (used to physically connect the users to the Distribution cable). As a
medium, optical fibers bandwidth is only limited by the transmitters of the OLT
and hence future-proofs the access network because of its tremendous
bandwidth capacity.
The ONT receives the signal from the OLT and converts into usable electronic
signals for the users telephone, computer, TV, or other devices. The ONT
also serves to communicate IP traffic back to the OLT, such that voice
conversations can occur, Web pages can be requested, and TV channels can
be changed, all at the same time. Typically, the ONT can be connected to a
battery backup device, providing a limited time period (typically eight hours
standby) of lifeline services.
1.3.1

Typical PON Components

The aggregation of splitters is typically, either in a street cabinet or in the

ODF, installed in the Telecom Room. This is the convergence point between
main cable and distribution cable network. From the splitter, a dedicated fiber
is assigned to each customer. These dedicated fibre to each customer, may
have to snake its way into the neighborhoods in the distribution cable then to
a Drop cable closures, sited close to group villas, in the Joint box. From the
drop cable closure, drop cables, usually containing two fibers, are laid directly,
to the subscribers ONT box.

Drop cable closures Joint box type

These are designed to accommodate a single cable entry with multiples of

drop cable out let. A single fiber is spliced through, in the closure, to reduce
the size of distribution cable to the street cabinet.

Drop cables

Different types drop cables are available for Indoor and out door application
and in different sizes. In new buildings, the owners are expected to pre-wire
the buildings with the indoor type 2 F drop cables These cables are very
compact and has bending radius 15 mm.
Initially Etisalat may stock these types of cables, to meet the builders
requirement, for reasons of fiber compatibility. End users shall be encouraged
to procure these from the market.

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Express Field connectors SC/APC

These are primarily indented for drop cables terminations to the customer
premises ONT. The use of these types of connectors, require the technician
to spend only few minutes inside the customer premises. These connectors
are environmentally hardened field connectors and recommended only for the
customer premises location.

Micro ODF

These are miniature ODFs and can be installed in the wall or inside ONT Box,
where a single fiber out of the 2F drop cables can be terminated with the
Express connectors. The location of the Micro ODFs are to be adjacent to the
ONT These are a essential hardware, to pre terminate the fibre and testing
the fibre, as the installation of ONT may be on demand basis.
No joints are recommended on the drop cables

Fiber characteristics

Etisalat deploys standard fiber cable according to ITU-T G.652, Single-mode

Modified diameter:..8.6 m
Cladding diameter:..125 0.1 m
Cable size:...3.1 X 2.9 mm
Cable weight:...8 Kg/Km
Tensile strength:...Not exceeding 80 N
Bending radius:Not exceed 20 mm
Wavelength: 1310 nm ...max. 0.4 dB/Km
1550 nm .......max. 0.3 dB/Km

Splicing of fibers

Splicing of Fibres is recommended, instead of the mechanical connectors in

ODFs in the central Office, cabinet and Cable joints as the fusion splice loss is
0.01 db only. However, Express connectors may be considered if the fiber
loss budget is not exceeded.

Fiber Terminations

In general, the UG cables / fibers shall be terminated in the lower Uniracks of

the ODFs. The Splitter Uniracks may be installed above the Uni rack of the
UG termination. The in Building Drop cables shall be terminated, at the upper
levels.
In the Central Office, if the number of fiber terminations is high, dedicated
ODFs may be assigned for UG cable termination and dedicated ODFs for
splitter. This arrangement will provide the flexibility to recover the splitters and
put through the fibres direct, to meet the higher band width requirements.

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1.4 Network Architecture - FTTH

The FTTH is simply the 100 percent deployment of optical fiber in the access
network. It is commonly deployed in two specific configurations, as below

Point-to point. (PTP) network - Fiber is dedicated to each user in the

access network. Refer to Figure.2

Passive optical network (PON) - A single fiber is shared (via a splitter)

among a set number of users, typically thirty-two.

PTP networks are characterized by the use of one fiber and laser per user. A
dedicated fiber is terminated at the subscriber and active devices at the
central office (CO) for a telecommunications provider.
PONs are characterized by the splitting of the same optical fiber along the
way, resulting in the sharing of the optical fiber among multiple users
The fiber in a PON is designed to share between 2 to 128 users, depending
upon the availability of splitters. .
A PON will have less optical reach than a PTP network, which does not use
splitters. Typically a PON is capable of reaching subscribers 20 kilometers
(km) from the OLT, which will cover most of the population.
GPON promises 2.5/1.25 Gbps asymmetrical operation. GPON supports
ATM, Ethernet and WDM using a superset multi-protocol layer.
GPON requires supporting a multiple protocols through translation to the
native Generic Encapsulation Method (GEM) transport layer that through
emulation provides support for ATM, Ethernet and WDM protocols.
The important characteristics of each PON technology are defined by two
important standards bodies, the IEEE and the ITU.

Dedicated Fiber to each home

Central
Office

Distribution Fiber

Feeder Fiber

Fig.2 (Point to point (PTP) network)

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2. Design of GPON Network

(Refer to Fig-3 GPON Network)

2.1

The objective is to develop a network, capable to deliver 100 Mbps

per each tenant. To optimize the size of network and corresponding
investment to match with the demand, the line plant shall be
developed, meeting the ultimate requirements.

2.2

The initial capability of delivery of the network shall be 40 Mbps,

with 1:2 splitters in the central office and 1:32 at the remote end.

2.3

GPON Architecture: Network deployment & distribution

architecture should enable us to provide any single service to the
customer from our portfolio or 2-play / 3-play service bundles to the
customers.

2.4

The following criteria's have been considered in the development of

the OSP design of planning guidelines:

Scalable network
Deployment of technically matured products
Economical component prices
Reduction in CAPEX and OPEX
Ease to install, maintain and operate
Quick to restore the service
Minimum splice to extend reach
Design FO network within 28 dB loss budget, end to end
Centralized splitters
Preconnectorised splitters
Splitter ratio 1:2 in CO and 1:32 in remote
Induction of 2F drop cables in Indoor and Outdoor
SC/APC Connectivity
Express SC/APC connectors drop cables
Use of existing cabinet and or locations as splitter cabinet
Distribution cables to be loose tube 8F/16F/24F, from Outdoor
splitter cabinet
Induction of UG drop cable closure, in Joint Box
Splice through 1F, in the drop closures
Termination of single fibers in ONT and ODF / Splitter (FDH) Cabinet

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Fig-3 (GPON Network)

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G.PON SOLUTION SALIENT

FEATURES

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HUAWEI

ALCATEL

Rack for Indoor Central Office

Dimensions ( D x W x H)
Power Distribution Unit (PDU) W/
M+SB Feeds
Power Redundancy
No. of Chassis/ Rack
Back to back Installation

300 D x 600 W x 2200 H

310 D x 610 W X 2200 H

YES

YES

YES
3
YES

YES
2 shelf per rack
YES

530 mm 275.80 mm
450 mm (W x D x H).

637.5mm(H) X 515mm ( W)
X 285mm (D)

YES

YES

temp -5 to + 45C
YES
YES

-5 to 50 degree
Yes
Yes

YES

Yes

OLT
CHASSIS
CPU SW redundancy
Operating Temperature
Dual Power Feed
Fans
Alarm Indication
Single Architecture Integrating
ATM.IP, TDM
Total Backplace capacity
Backplance Capacity
Available Slots GPON Access
Modules
TOTAL ONT Supported/ Chassis

YES
184G

96GE switching fabric

1T

28GE interface capacity

16

16

2048 ONT's (16X 2 X

64)

2048 ONT's ( 16 X 2 X 64 )

28dB

28dB

SC/APC

SC/UPC

Both

Single fiber

YES
YES
8* GE or FE uplink and
cascading
2* 10GE uplink and
cascading
YES

YES
YES

GPON Interface
Optical Power Budget
GPON Ports/ GPON Card
Connector type of PON Interface
Access Side
Single/Dual Fiber
Network Side Interface
GBE
10GBE
No of OLT Interface Network Side
Redundancy
ONT
Type
POTS
FE
E1
Power

Indoor
Residential/Business
2/2
4 FE / 4 FE
- / 4 E1
AC / AC
Table-1 (GPON Features)

2 x 10 GE redundant mode
YES
Residential
Outdoor/Indoor
2/2
1 FE / 2 FE
-/(AC-DC) / (AC-DC)

3. Central Office (CO) Characteristics

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3.1

The Central Office (CO) houses the OLT and the ODF. The ODF
room shall be selected such that to install ultimate feeder fiber
capacity. An ODF extension into a second room shall be avoided at
all circumstances; better shall not be allowed.

3.2

Within the CO, flexibility is the key. An optical distribution network

should never be built for a single application. The ODF shall feature
all functions for excellent flexibility including cross-connect and cable
and jumper fiber management, particularly bend radius protection.

3.3

MDF room/or standard Cable chamber is not required for FO cables.

Similarly; no Iron works are required. Use of standard cable Brackets
and channels to support the cables. The end of lead-in should be
placed such that the incoming Cable is possible to be routed to the
cable brackets.

3.4

OLT is installed in the Central Office; in standard 19" ETSI Rack with
front access for fibre termination The OLT has 2 or 3 sub racks.
Each Sub-Rack supports 16 GPON cards. Each card has four ports.
These are active equipments each capable to deliver 2.5 Gbps
downstream and 1.25 Gbps upstream. The laser at the OLT is a
distributed-feedback laser, and is always on.

3.5

The extent of service reach is 20 Km radius, which fully takes

advantage of the long-distance coverage. Etisalat may aim to
consider only 15 KM end to end. However, today with the available
components the reach is limited to 12.5 Km only.

3.6

To extend the reach of GPON, the split ratio to be reduced to 1:32

bypassing the (1:2) splitter at the CO.

3.7

For the point to point architecture, is capable of delivering 2.5 Gbps

through a direct single fiber to the customer.

3.8

In the case of point to multi point, the final delivery of bandwidth at

the customer end depends upon the total number of splits along the
route.

3.9

CO surround tenants within 500 M can be served from CO building

itself instead of installing outdoor cabinets-FDH(O) in the vicinity, if
the lead-in ducts and the space are available in the CO.

3.10 OLT (CO) Location Selection Criteria are:

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10

Router Location (OLT & Router are Preferred to be in the same

location), wherever possible.
Ideally placed in High density area
The proposed Central Office building shall be (new, or recent building
i.e. not marked for demolishing, space should be available for the
ODF).
Duct space availability
Aim to serve 15 Km cable distance.
FO Junction route/cable availability
No Overlapping: OLTs to be considered for all Exchanges, avoiding
overlaps of serving areas, as much as possible.
3.11 The following scenarios may be considered while selecting the OLT
Location [ Refer to Fig.4 below: CO location ]:
1. Utilize the existing AN cable (if available) to serve any new
site by deploying the FDH within the CO Old Boundary.
2. Extend the CO AN network outside the old boundary to serve
any new area by FDH deployment within the CO Boundary.
3. Existing Copper/Fiber Cabinet in another exchange area: FDH
Change over to be considered by utilizing the existing junction
cable/route. For changeover, jointing in the Zero Manhole of
the exchange to be considered (without any ODF
Termination).
4. Serve any new sites by utilizing the junction cable passing
from the zero manhole to the adjacent area and where
required by laying additional fiber optic cable to the FDH to
serve the area, within the exchange boundary.
5. Serve any new sites by utilizing the junction cable passing
from the zero manhole to the adjacent area and where
required by laying additional fiber optic cable to the FDH to
serve the area, outside the exchange boundary.
6&7. Utilize the junction cable wherever possible to serve any new
areas near the Central Office Exchange.

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11

Zero
Manhole

JB

AN
Cable

Junction
Cable

JB

Zero
Manhole

AN
Cable

FDH

New Area
within 15Km

Exchange
boundary

Junction
Cable

Zero
Manhole

FDH

CO

Junction
Cable

Zero
Manhole

JB

Exchange
boundary

JB

JB

AN
Cable

FDH

FDH 7

Central
Office old
boundary

AN
Cable
2

Zero
Manhole

FDH

JB

FDH

New Area
within 15Km

Central Office
Boundary

Fig-4 (Central Office Location-Example)

4. Optical Passive Splitter

4.1

Multiples of Optical Splitter (1:2) are proposed to be installed in a

single stand alone 1U Uni Rack module, placed in the Central
Office, simplifies the future upgrade and is scalable, for higher band
width delivery. Typical insertion loss is 3.7 dB (max). Insertion loss
uniformity is 0.6 dB. The size is about 3.6 mm dia X 48 mm long.

4.2

To increase the bandwidth from (40 Mbps) to (80 Mbps), the (1:2)
splitter in the CO shall be bypassed and connected to OLT-port
direct.

4.3

Optical Splitter (1:32) is a stand alone I U UniRack unit. with all ports
pre conectorised. These can be installed in an Indoor ODF (in the
Telecom Room of the High Rise Building or in the outdoor Cabinet
to serve Villas & Small Buildings. These are suitable for installation
in the standard 19 ETSI rack. Typical insertion loss is 17.2 dB.
Insertion loss uniformity is 1.7 dB. The size is about 7L X 6W X 60H
mm.

4.4

The Optical Splitter (2:32) is still not a matured product. The loss
today is 18.6 dB.
Definition of high rise buildings is a structure, where direct fiber
enters to the buildings, ie splitter inside the building.

4.5

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12

4.6

Definition of small buildings & Villas is a group of small buildings or

group of villas where external cabinets with splitters inside the
cabinets shall serve the group of buildings and villas.

4.7

In the residential area, villas types, Optical Splitter (1:32) Uni Rack
unit is recommended to be placed in Outdoor Cabinet, nearer to
Customers, to minimize the length of the distribution cables, to
simplify the construction process and to save expense. Please refer
to Figure-10.

4.8

For up to G+3 / 5 storey buildings (Scenario I), a Wall mounted

splitter unit, is suitable for in-buildings installation, where the number
of tenants is less than 32 customers. The unit has a splice tray for
the incoming UG cable, a 1:32 pre connectorised Splitter ports, and
provision to terminate 32 Drop cables. This has also SC/APC
Connectivity. Please refer to Figure-12.

4.9

For small buildings (Scenario II), where the numbers of tenants are
far less than 32 customers, these may be served from an Outdoor
FDH Cabinet as shown in Fig-13.

4.10 The formula to arrive at the total No of splitter Required per cabinet
area = 5th year Tenancy Forecast divided by 32, However Fiber
Cables To be planned based on 20th year forecast, than 5th
year forecast.
Advantage of Centralized Splitters
OLT Efficiency
Network Testing and Maintenance Ability
Splitter Signal Loss minimization
Flexibility
Protection
Minimizing the number of splitters

5. Diversity
5.1

Diversity to be customer specific and cost basis.

5.2

Where the diversity is required for a Palace, Airport, Sea port,

Defense, VVIP, Police, Hospital, etc the fiber can be routed in two
different routes at recharge cost. The OLT is typically at the CO but
can also be sited in a remote location. The double input splitters to
be considered as and when available.

5.3

To plan as a single ring topology, where diversity is required, for

ease in design, construction, maintenance and operation, instead of
Rings and sub-rings

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13

5.4

The feeder cable section from OLT to splitter can be protected by

using (2:32) splitter and OLT port and feeder fiber should be
doubled, leaving the shorter cable section (distribution cable from
splitter to ONT) in star form and unprotected. Refer to Fig.5

ONT

2:N
1

LT(1)

LT(1)

LT(1)
OLT
LT(2)

ONT

ODF

CPE

Cabinet
feeder ring

distribution star

drop cable star

Fig.5 (Feeder Ring)

6. Fiber Optic Cable Development & Civil work

(Refer to Fig-6, 10, 11, 12, 13)

Green Field:
6.1

Considering the future F.O. based GPON technology and to cope

with future prospective services demand, the network development
shall be planned on fiber optic cable from the OLT in Central Office
to the ONT in the Customer premises.

6.2

Fiber Optic Cables, Splitter Cabinet & civil (ducts, joint boxes, etc)
shall be proposed in the most economical way.

6.3

The OSP fiber counts from the Central Office shall be of a suitable
size, to ensure meeting the future capacity requirements.

6.4

An Overall contingency of 25% fibers, rounded to the nearest higher

cable size shall be provisioned in the main cable to meet the
unforeseen demand.

6.5

Fiber cables shall be planned, considering manhole, joint box section

length and considering the drum length. The joints may please be
planned in such a way the cable cut length returned shall not be less
than 750 m.

6.6

The various main cable sizes and drum lengths available in the
contract are listed under annexure.

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14

6.7

Requirements of direct fibres for business establishment are also to

be considered, while sizing the main cables.

6.8

For GSM Sites, an 8F cable to be considered; deployed in Ring

Route. Although cable size recommended is 8F, 4F to be considered
from each side

6.9

The spare fibers available in the Junction Cable Network to be

utilized to connect, OLTs in one exchange area and ONTs in the
other Exchanges.

6.10 The duct network shall be considerably reduced and the

corresponding joint box / manholes can also be reduced, as the
number of FO cables that would be installed shall be far less than
the legacy copper network.
6.11 Accordingly, the ducts shall be reduced to maximum 2W D54 and
Joint Boxes up to JRC12. A joint box of size JRC14 and manholes
be considered, only if the same cannot be avoided.
6.12 As for as possible the joints in the main cable, may not be planned to
be operated frequently to divert or put through fibers. The main joint
closures have 4 in ports and 4 out ports, which can be used for
multiple dropping of distribution cables (upto 24F)
6.13 The loose tube joint closures are suitable upto 24F loose tube fibres.
These have 2 entries on either side, total 4 entries.
6.14 The drop closures are recommended to be installed inside joint
boxes, close to group of villas or as per site requirements. These
have single entry on one side and 24+ outlets for drop cables.
6.15 Regions shall propose the joint location for maximum utilization of full
drum length to avoid short cut lengths.
6.16 Target to deploy FTTH to be set Region wise and areas to be
identified by the Regions.
6.17 To deploy FTTH in green areas and brown areas alike.
6.18 To continue with Fiber laying in all Green and Brown areas.

Brown Field:

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15

6.19 FTTH deployment in city centers areas may be given preference

over remote areas.
6.20 To migrate all brown areas from legacy to FTTH in phases, and
according to resources available in the Regions, over the next 3-5
year.
6.21 Fibers already laid for local networks shall be considered while
developing the GPON network.
6.22 The spare fibers installed for CATV Network shall be used for the
deployment of GPON network. CATV initial installations were 16F in
two routes and later 8F in two routes. As there will no new CATV
nodes installed, all spare fibers are available for FTTH network.
6.23 To prevent additional expenses in civil work, all infrastructures
existing is proposed to be used as far as possible.
6.24 All the existing Outdoor FO cabinets, CATV Nodes and Copper
cabinets, shall be checked to accommodate the splitters and other
cables
6.25 While installing Fibers in the existing copper Cabinets, working lines
and corresponding terminations may be preserved and recovered
only on demand for induction of additional services/bundled services
through GPON or any other technical reasons. This may warrant
rearrangement of copper terminations, air blocks and recovery of few
verticals.
6.26 Where there are no duct spaces available and the distances are
short, fiber may be shared along with the existing copper cables, if
possible through a sub duct.

Warehouses
Brown
Field

Green
Field

Existing
Copper

Outdoor FDH
Cabinet

Proposed Fiber

Fig-6 (Green & Brown Fields)

7. Distribution cables & Drop cables

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(Refer to Fig-7, Fig-8 & Fig-9)

16

7.1

From the splitter 1:32 located in the Outdoor F O Cabinet location,

distribution cable (loose tube) sizes 24F, 16F and 8F combinations
may be considered, depending upon the grouping of villas, number
and locations.

7.2

The drop cables are 2F construction. The closures are capable of

accommodation 12/24 drop cables. In the Villas & Small Buildings
where the outdoor cabinet FDH(O) to be deployed; distribution cable
(Loose tube) may be considered as outgoing cables. It is
recommended that one fiber of the drop cable should be spliced
through in the loose tube cable, so that one fiber is through to the
splitter location and the other one shall be stumped (inside the
closure).

7.3

For the Overhead distribution, the scenario generally remains the

same, as the cable distributions are from a cabinet and the drop
distribution from drop closures.

7.4

The drop cables shall be suitably labeled.

7.5

In the case of single villas, Etisalat shall extend and terminate the
drop cable, in the Micro ODF in Green & brown Fields.

7.6

In Green Field the building owner shall install a minimum of 2 core

fiber Drop Cables, from the main telecom room ODF Location to the
ONT (Micro-ODF) of each Flat / premises. Installer has to leave an
extra length of 3 M of cable on either end for terminations.

7.7

No splices are allowed between the Telecom Room and Flats.

7.8

All tenants shall be fiber enabled up to the Micro-ODF, near/inside

the box of the proposed ONT (1 for operation and 1 for maintenance
purposes)

7.9

Vendors to be encouraged to stock and sale to Builders In-building

wiring hard wares.

8. Sizing of Main FO Cables and number of fiber calculation &

Attenuation
8.1

(See Table-2 & Table-3)

In general, every splitter requires a single fiber from OLT and a

single fiber from the splitter to ONT.

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17

8.2

The life of the fibers is about 40 years and we should aim to provide
cable network which will support all future demands. Further, the
cost of fiber is comparatively, far less than the cost of the Duct
space. Hence, it is recommended that the provision of the number of
fibers may equal to at least 20 year tenants forecasted, unlike 3-6
years for E-side copper cable and 10 years for D-side copper cable.

8.3

The Table below to be used, to find the sizing of the main FO

cable per cabinet. The provision of cable shall be based on 20 th year
tenants Forecast.

8.4

The total number of splitter requirement per cabinet shall be based

on 5th year tenants forecast.

8.5

25% spare fibres shall be considered in the feeder cable size, for
future requirements, maintenance, etc.

8.6

Number of Splitter per Cabinet = No of Tenants / Split Ratio

(1:32)

8.7

From the above Equation, the total number of splitters can be used
to identify the fiber cable size, maximum expansion and Remaining
fiber as shown in table 1:

Fiber Calculation for Indoor / Outdoor Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH)

Spare Fiber /
FO
Number of Tenants Number of Splitters
Remaining Fiber
Cable
Size
Max
Max
Min
Min
Max
Min
Expansion
Expansion Required
32
1
7F
64
2
6F
192
6
8F
2F
96
3
5F
128
4
4F
160
* 5
11F
192
* 6
10F
224
7
9F
384
12
16F
4F
256
8
8F
288
9
7F
320
10
6F
352
** 11
13F
384
** 12
12F
416
13
11F
576
18
24F
6F
448
14
10F
480
15
9F
512
16
8F
Table-2 (Fiber Calculation)
* Although 8F seems enough for the above mentioned tenants, but it is preferred to use 16F cable size, with
respective to the future demand.
** Same can be applied for min number of splitter (11&12), preferred to use 24F.

Revision-2 (19/06/2007)

18

8.8

The following Parameters should be taken into account while

calculation the dB budget loss of the network.
ATTENUATION ON FIBER (dB)
Wavelength 1260- 1650 nm
Loss dB
Type
Max

Location

Exchange
OSP

Cab/Bldg

Sub Premises

8.9

Splitter 1:2

3.6

OLT Connector Loss

0.4

ODF Connector Loss

0.4

Splice Loss /splice

0.01

Cable Loss / km

0.35

Splitter 1:32

17.2

Splitter 2:32

18.6

ODF Connector Loss

0.4

Drop cable loss / km

0.35

10

Fast Connector Loss

0.4

11

ONT Connector Loss

0.4
Table-3 (dB Budget Loss)

Remarks

The loss allowance has the same value both in the downstream and
upstream direction.

9. ODF/Mini-ODF/Micro-ODF Installation and Termination

9.1

ODFs are standard 19" inch ETSI Rack and can accommodate
multiples of Uni Rack of height 1U (4.44 cm) or 2U (8.88 cm) etc.
these have varying termination capacities for FC and SC
Connectivity. Usually installed in central office and in the telecom
rooms of high rise building.

9.2

At present, these have 24 SC/APC ports per IU and 72 SC/ APC

ports in 2U Uniracks. Efforts are being made to increase the number
of ports per IU and 2U Uniracks.

9.3

For cross connecting the fibers between UG Cable (main Cable),

Splitter output and Drop cables/Distribution cable, patch cords in
different lengths and connectivities are available for use.

9.4

All ODFs supply, installation, termination and jumperings shall be

by Etisalat for Green and Brown Fields.

9.5

Where the building has less than 32 customers, a wall mounted

splitter FDH (indoor type) is more suitable. The unit will serves as a
Mini-ODF with splitter assembly and facility to terminate drop cables.
See Annex-4

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9.6

The drop fibers can be terminated in the Micro ODF near ONT
with an Express connector.

9.7

In the existing building, Micro-ODF can be installed in the wall

close to ONT.

9.8

In the new building, Micro-ODF can be installed inside the ONT

Distribution Box recessed in the wall.

9.9

Battery life support for the ONT shall be left to the discretion of the
Subscriber. Etisalat shall not under take the responsibility of
installation and maintenance of these batteries.

10. Outdoor - Fiber Distribution HUB (FDH)

(Refer to Fig-6 & Fig-7)

10.1 The Outdoor Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH) provides for connections
between fiber optic cables and passive optical splitters in the OSP
environment.
10.2 The (FDH) utilize standard SC/APC to interconnect feeder and
distribution cables via 1:32 optical splitters and connectors.
10.3 The (FDH) is placed strategically in the FTTH network to facilitate
service connection specified for a particular fiber serving area.
10.4 These (FDH) provide environmental and mechanical protection for
cables, splices, connectors and passive optical splitters.
10.5 The FDH(O) capacity and requirements are attached in the annexure
3.
)Outdoor Fiber Distribution Hub (O/FDH
Feeder Module

Splitter

Distribution Module
Pigtails

SC/APC Type
Connectivity
in ODF

Customers
Premises
)(Villas

UG Joint Boxes
with Drop Closure
2Fx8

8F

ONTs 32

Drop
Closure
2Fx12

Pigtails
Feeder
cable
from CO

2Fx12
24F

16F Loose
Tube

Drop
Closure

Patch
Cord
Patch
1:32 Cords

(Drop Cables (1F working + 1F Dark

Fig-7 (Outdoor FDH & Cable Distribution - Example)

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20

FO Drop Cables Distributions

Outdoor Fiber
Distribution

Hub

Customer Premises

Drop Closures
2F Drop Cables

16F Cable
24F Cable
24F Cable

Fig-8 (FO Drop Cables Distributions - Example)

11. Indoor- Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH)

Lead/in Joint
Boxes

(Refer to Fig-9)

11.1 The indoor FDH is designed to organize and administer fiber optic
cables and passive optical splitters in an indoor environment typically
suitable for high rise buildings and are placed in the telecom Room.
11.2 These FDHs are used to inter connect main cables and drop cables
via optical splitters in a FTTH network application, within a building
environment.

Revision-2 (19/06/2007)

21

)Indoor Fiber Distribution Hub (I/FDH

Feeder Module

Splitter

Drop Module
Pigtails 32

SC/APC Type
Connectivity
in ODF

Riser
2Fx32 Drop Cables

Customers
Premises
)(Flats
32xONTs

Pigtails
Feeder
cable
from CO

16F Loose
Tube

Patch
Cord
Patch
1:32 Cords

1F terminated & 1F
Left in PC drawer

)Drop Cables (1F working + 1F Dark

Fig-9 (Indoor FDH & Drop Cables Distribution - Example)

12.

Villa/Flat ONT, Distribution box, SCS & Socket

12.1 The terminal at the subscriber's end of the network is the ONT or
Optical Network terminal. The ONT has 2 pots port, 2 to 4 Ethernet
ports. Currently we have two suppliers (viz) ALCATEL and HUAWEI.
The number and type port varies as per type and model and brand.
Please refer to attached data sheet (See Table-1) for details.
12.2 ONT is indoor type only and installed when service order is printed.
12.3 ONT policy: ONT is Etisalat property. And the services are provided
to the customer through that ONT.
12.4 In green area, a cabinet flush mounted on wall shall be provided by
the builders. The size of the cabinet shall be of minimum size 12 U
high, 600mm width and 300mm depth which will house the Optical
network termination (ONT), power sockets and patch panel / IDC
modules and battery. The cabinet shall be dedicated per each
villa/office/residential flat. The location shall be suitable for
technicians access, when required. Slimmer cabinets when
available shall be advised.
12.5 The location of the Indoor ONT Distribution Box shall be at a
common point, where all the internal conduits meet and the
structured cabling system (SCS) on a star topology can be installed.
However, the farthest socket shall not exceed 90 M from the ONT.
12.6 The Structured cables used for the inside wiring must comply with
minimum CAT-6 standards.

Revision-2 (19/06/2007)

22

12.7 All SCS cables are to be properly labeled and terminated, in the
RJ45 sockets and in Patch panel or in CAT-6 compliant IDC
Modules, by the Owners for Green Field.
12.8 The supply and termination of UTP cables on Patch panel or IDC
modules and sockets location shall be the responsibility of the
installers/owners for Green Field.
12.9 Dedicated In house or Vendor Based Training for Planners,
Technicians, Jointers, UTP wiring and termination technicians,
Supervisors for contract works, NOC release planners and Building
Inspectors to be arranged.

Revision-2 (19/06/2007)

23

GPON Structure F.O. Cable Network to Villas

Central Office
No. of card/Chassis = 16
No. of Port/card = 4
No. of Customer (1:32) = 2,048
No. of Customer (1:64) = 4,096

FO
1:2
Splitter

Inside Villa

SC/APC type
Connectivity in ODFs
Outdoor FDH Cabinet

Joint
Box

ODF

OLT

Outside Plant

Splitter (1:32) x N

8F/16F/24F Feeder
Loose Tube

FO

48F/1000F Ribbon

JB with Drop
Closure

2F
Drop Cable

8F/16 F / 24F
Distribution
Loose tube

N x RJ45
Socket

Cassette /
Micro-ODF

CAT-6
90m
Max

ONT

STB

Fig-10 (Cable to Villas Structure)

GPON Structure F.O. Cable Network to High Rise Building

Central Office
No. of card/Chassis = 16
No. of Port/card = 4
No. of Customer (1:32) = 2,048
No. of Customer (1:64) = 4,096

ODF

OLT
FO
1:2
Splitter

Outside Plant

Telecom Room

SC/APC type
Connectivity in ODFs

Indoor FDH Cabinet

Joint
Box

FO

48F/1000F Ribbon

Inside Flat

Splitter (1:32) x N
8F/16F/24F Feeder
Loose Tube

2F
Drop Cable

N x RJ45
Socket
CAT-6

Cassette /
Micro-ODF
ONT

90m
Max

STB

Fig-11 (Cable to High Rise Building Structure)

GPON Structure F.O. Cable Network to G+3/5 Building (Less than 32 Customers) Scenario I
Central Office
No. of card/Chassis = 16
No. of Port/card = 4
No. of Customer (1:32) = 2,048
No. of Customer (1:64) = 4,096

ODF

OLT
FO
1:2
Splitter

Outside Plant

Telecom Room

SC/APC type
Connectivity in ODFs
Joint
Box

FO

48F/1000F Ribbon

Inside Flat

Indoor FDH Cabinet

Wall Mounted Type
)Splitter (1:32

8F Feeder
Loose Tube

2F
Drop Cable

N x RJ45
Socket

Cassette /
Micro-ODF

CAT-6

ONT

90m
Max

STB

Fig-12 (Cable to Building Structure Less than 32 Customers)

GPON Structure F.O. Cable Network to Small Building (Less than 32 Customers) Scenario II
Central Office
No. of card/Chassis = 16
No. of Port/card = 4
No. of Customer (1:32) = 2,048
No. of Customer (1:64) = 4,096

Outside Plant
SC/APC type
Connectivity in ODFs

JB with
Outdoor FDH Cabinet
Joint
Drop
Cassette /
Splitter (1:32) x N
Box
Closure
Micro-ODF
8F/16F/24F Feeder
2F
Loose Tube
Drop Cable
8F/16 F / 24F
48F/1000F Ribbon
ONT
Distribution
Loose tube

No. of Customer (1:64) =

2,048 ODF
OLT
FO

FO
1:2
Splitter

Inside Flat
N x RJ45
Socket
CAT-6
90m
Max

STB

Fig-13 (Cable to Building Structure Less than 32 Customers)

Revision-2 (19/06/2007)

24

STANDARD CABLE DRUM LENGTH (Fiber Optic Cables)

Cable
Diameter
(mm)

Drum
Length
(Meter)

3100

SIC

Spec.

Size

Un-Armoured
7890111305
7890111313
7890111321
7890111330

FCS1
FCS1
FCS1
FCS1

11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5

7892100483

FCS4-A

7892100726

FCS4-A

7892101005

FCS4-A

7892102001

FCS4-A

7892103008

FCS4-A

7892104004

FCS4-A

7892106007

FCS4-A

7892108000

FCS4-A

7892110004

FCS4-A

JF - 4F
JF - 8F
JF - 16F
JF - 24F
Ribbon
48F
Ribbon
72F
Ribbon
100F
Ribbon
200F
Ribbon
300F
Ribbon
400F
Ribbon
600F
Ribbon
800F
Ribbon
1000F
JF 8F
JF 16F
JF 24F
Ribbon
48F
Ribbon
72F
Ribbon
100F

18.0
18.0
18.0

*4F

4100

1000

Armoured
7890111518
7890111526
7890111534

FCS1 / CS8
FCS1 / CS8
FCS1 / CS8

7892110489

FCS4-A / CS8

7892110721

FCS4-A / CS8

7892111000

FCS4-A / CS8

13.5
14.5
14.5
19.0
23.0

3000

24.0
24.0
30.0
30.0

3100

18.0
20.0

2000

20.0

Aerial
7880004004
7880008000
7880016002
7880024005

FCS3
FCS3
FCS3
FCS3

16F
24F

11.0
11.0
21.0
21.0

Indoor
7890111402

FCS1

JF 4F

11.0

Revision-2 (19/06/2007)

*8F

25

7890111410
7890111429
7890111437
7892120484
7892120727
7892121006
7892122002
7892123009
7892124005
7892126008

FCS1
FCS1
FCS1
FCS4-A
FCS4-A
FCS4-A
FCS4-A
FCS4-A
FCS4-A
FCS4-A

JF 8F
JF 16F
JF 24F
48F
72F
100F
200F
300F
400F
600F

11.0
11.0
11.0
13.0
14.0
18.0
18.0
23.0
23.0
23.0

FCS9 (Indoor)
FCS10 (Outdoor)
FCS9 or FCS10
FCS9 or FCS10
FCS9 or FCS10

2F
2F
**4F
**6F
**8F

3.1x2mm
3.1x2mm
3.8x3mm
3.8x3mm
3.8x3mm

Drop Cable
7850111024
7850112024
new
new
new

Revision-2 (19/06/2007)

1000

26

* 4F & 8F Aerial Cables are not to be ordered any more.

** 4F, 6F & 8F Drop Cables are not contracted items.

Revision-2 (19/06/2007)

27

FTTH ITEMS WITH PRICE

S/No

ITEM

DESCRIPTION

5107500402

TOOL KIT FOR FIELD INSTALLABLE CONNECTOR FOR DROP CABLE

7808101013

ROSETTE INDOOR CABINET FOR DROP CABLE TERMINATION

7814101024

SPLITTER OPTICAL FIBER 1:2 PLC

7814101324

SPLITTER OPTICAL FIBER 1:32 PLC

7814805013

TUBING FIBER 4MM FOR FIBER PROTECTION (50 METER ROLL)

7814805024

TUBING FIBER 5MM FOR FIBER PROTECTION (50 METER ROLL)

7814810013

TUBING SPIRAL 4MM FOR FIBERS (50 METER ROLL)

7850110013

CABINET OUT DOOR 1.1MX1.1MX0.4M FOR FTTH MDU

7850111013

E-CONNECTOR FAST FIELD FOR FTTH

CABLES & JOINTS

10

7892102001

CABLE FIBER OPTIC 200 FIBER MULTICORE RIBBON FCS4 UNARMORED

11

7892103008

CABLE FIBER OPTIC 300 FIBER MULTICORE RIBBON FCS4 UNARMORED

12

7892104004

CABLE FIBER OPTIC 400 FIBER MULTICORE RIBBON FCS4 UNARMORED

13

7892106007

CABLE FIBER OPTIC 600 FIBER MULTICORE RIBBON FCS4 UNARMORED

14

7892108002

CABLE FIBER OPTIC 800 FIBER MULTICORE RIBBON FCS4 UNARMOURED

15

7892110002

CABLE FIBER OPTIC 1000 FIBER MULTICORE RIBBON FCS4 UNARMOURE

16

7892122002

CABLE FIBER OPTIC 200 FIBER INDOOR- RIBBON TYPE- SPEC. FCS4(

17

7892123009

CABLE FIBER OPTIC 300 FIBER INDOOR- RIBBON TYPE- SPEC. FCS4(

18

7892124005

CABLE FIBER OPTIC 400 FIBER INDOOR FCS4

19

7892126008

CABLE FIBER OPTIC 600F INDOOR

20

7892601008

JOINT DUCT RIBBON CABLE 100FIBER MS12

21

7892602004

JOINT DUCT RIBBON CABLE 200FIBER MS12

22

7892603000

JOINT DUCT RIBBON CABLE 300FIBER MS12

23

7892604007

JOINT DUCT RIBBON CABLE 400FIBER MS12

24

7892606000

JOINT DUCT RIBBON CABLE 600FIBER MS12

25

7892608002

JOINT DUCT 800F RIBBON CABLE 2178LS(1)+2523(7)+2521RF(25)+21

26

7892610007

JOINT DUCT RIBBON CABLE 1000FIBER MS12A

27

7850111024

CABLE FIBER OPTIC 2F DROP INDOOR FOR FTTH

28

7850112024

CABLE FIBER OPTIC 2F DROP OUT DOOR FOR FTTH

29

7850140013

JOINT CLOSURE DUCT FO DROP CABLE 2F FOR FTTH

Revision-2 (19/06/2007)

28

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29

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30

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31

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32

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33

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34