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he first Person I heard talking about this was Edward Cooke. I think it was also
mentioned in Joshua Foers book Moonwalking with Einstein where he talks about Ed.
Basically it is the same technique but with a 3-digit cluster and therefore encodes 9 digits
within one PAO-image instead of 6.
Although I dont see a practical way of finding 1.000 distinguishable actions, I find the idea
of a mix-system intriguing. You can use two rows with 1.000 persons and 1.000 objects
encoding six digits. Then you can add a 2-digit list of 100 actions encoding eight digits
altogether. That will even erase the problem with a 40-digit row on a memory championship
because then you will encode the entire row within five images. The first part of this project
is already published as The 1.000 People System.
his bike fit easily within the u-curve of the door knocker. This will be a cute little image
worth remembering for your brain.
If you are competing at a memory competition you will have to deal with the fact, that each
row will be 40 digits long. After 6 PAO-images (36 digits) you will reach the end of the row
with only four digits left. When you encode the next four images in this row AND the next
two digits in the following row to create a full PAO-image, you could lose two complete rows
with 80 digits together. If you forget this PAO-image you will have 4 mistakes in the first row
and 2 mistakes in the second, setting both of them to zero (1 mistake half of the row, 2
mistakes cancels the row). To avoid this you should consider memorizing only the last four
digits of the row with a PO-image for example and starting the next row with a new PAOimage.
ou can use the PAO-Sytem for cards as well. In case of cards it makes even more
sense because a 2-card system requires 2.652 images (5251 cards). It is much easier to
create and works exactly the same way as with numbers. You can simply take your existing
1st-Level card system and upgrade it with the same technique I explained above. If you
dont have a card system yet, you should create a simple one and then upgrade it. It really
is worth the effort and athletes like Andy Bell are able to memorize a deck of 52 cards with
it in 31.16 seconds.
Due to this and other phenomenon many consider variations of the system, for example a
PO-System with only two lists of 100 persons and 100 objects. That will give you plenty of
room for creativity again but will reduce the cluster to 4 digits instead of 6. Others have
problems with the 100 persons. They always confuse them with each other and only use an
AO-System with 100 actions and 100 objects.
here are many ways to create your three lists. Personally I prefer the following
method: If you are building your first number system, you should consider the Major
System. It will help you to encode your first list of 100 images and learn them quickly. Then,
or if you already have a 2-digit system, you can upgrade it astonishingly easy and quick:
Look at all your 100 images. If they are objects try to find associations to a person and
action for each one. If they are persons look for a fitting object and action. That way you will
create natural associations you already have in your head. After specifying them you will
remember your new lists very easily by activating your images in your first list.
For example, using the Major System for the first image:
PAO in action
o memorize a 40-digit number you will read it in steps of two digits each, translating
the first two into the person, the second two into the action and the third two digits into the
object. Put them together and combine this image with your location from your Elephant
Path. Then go on to the next six digits and repeat this sequence until you created five
image clusters. Only 6.6 clusters and you can memorize
8304827739410499306928301829439382904639 amazing isnt it?
If you prefer to let your images interact with your locations, instead of simply placing them
in front of them, you need to get creative. For example if your location is a u-shaped door
knocker and your PAO provides you with something like an elephant (P) sings (A) on a
bicycle (O). In order to let the huge elephant interact with the door knocker while doing his
sing-riding he could become small enough in your imagination. Maybe so tiny, that he and
the Ben System. Both are great ways to create a list of 1.000 images. The effort is ten
times as much and will require a lot of practice before you can use it quickly. But for a forty
digit number you will only have to memorize 13.3 images on 13.3 locations which will
ultimately boost your speed and precision (.3 because you cannot divide 40 by 6 with whole
numbers; more about this under PAO in Action). Any 3-digit system will therefore be more
sophisticated than a 2-digit system.
The PAO-System jumps in that huge gap between these two techniques and provides a
beautiful alternative with only 300 images needed. Technically it is a 3 x 2-digit system. It is
also a great upgrade for your existing 2-digit system and will be memorized in no time. But
it also can work as your first system.
he idea behind the PAO-System is very simple: If we want to avoid encoding more
digits into one image, we have to find another way to condense information. We can do that
by creating a cluster of 2-digit images. That means we use more than one list of 100
images and combine them into one big cluster. In case of the PAO-System we create three
lists of 100 items each: 100 persons (P), 100 actions (A) and 100 objects (O).
Encoding a number with the PAO-System looks like this:
947283 : Person #94 is doing Action #72 with Object #83.
The beauty of this system besides the clustered information of six digits is the natural order
of each list: Its always the Person first, followed by the Action and the Object last.
Memorize 6.6 little scenes like this on 6.6 of your locations and you have encoded a forty
digit number. That sounds much better than a 3-digit system where you have to memorize
twice as much and learn 700 images more in the first place, doesnt it?
But all magic comes with a price: Even if you cluster three images together into one, they
still have to be remembered all by themselves in the end. You will see that it takes a whole
new focus compared to a simple 2-digit or even a 3-digit system. It is essential to clearly
visualize each person, action and object. Otherwise you might forget who was jumping on
your sofa with a big candle. The same thing goes for the action and the object of course. It
will take some practice to figure this out.
And there is another downside to this system: You are cutting yourself of from a lot of
creativity. The combination of these three elements draws a clear image that you only have
to put on one of your locations. There is little room for your ideas which are a huge part of
the fun in my opinion. On the other hand this will be balanced out through a more creative
need for location interaction. You will find more about this under the point PAO in action.
cheese
jet
chain
chemie
chair
jewel
judge
sheik
shave
chip
case
cat
can
comb
car
coal
cage
cake
coffee
cab
foss
photo
phone
foam
fire
fool
fish
fig
fife
FBI
bus
boot
piano
bomb
bar
ball
peach
book
beef
baby
6
_
7
_
8
_
9
_
a memory technique has to be efficient in order to be useful. Every memory athlete relying
on traditional methods has to find a balance between a sophisticated system and
practicality. Especially when it comes to number systems there are considerable choices to
make.
Starting with a 2-digit system like the 2nd-Level Major System is a relatively small effort of 100
images (10). A system like this can be learned in a very short time, is therefore quickly
available and can easily be trained. The downside of it is the small cluster of only two digits.
For a forty digit number you will have to memorize 20 images on 20 locations with your
Elephant Path through the Method of Loci (supposing you use one image on each location).
Improving the system to a 3-digit system is a very big step and requests already 1.000
images (10). There are several techniques to do this, like using a 3rd-Level Major System or
sauce
suit
tissue
swine
swim
sore
seal
sash
ski
safe
soap
death
tin
team
tire
doll
dish
duck
toffee
tipi
nose
net
onion
nemo
nero
nail
nacho
neck
knife
NBA
mace
mat
moon
mummy
hammer
mash
mac
movie
mop
rose
rat
rain
rome
horror
rail
reaggae
rack
roof
harp
lassoe
lead
lion
lime
lair
lolly
lash
lake
lava
loupe
0
_
1
_
2
_
3
_
4
_
5
_
7. Cow
27. Neck
47. Rock
67. Chalk
87. Fog
07. Sack
8. Ivy
28. Knife
48. Roof
68. Chef
88. Fife
08. Sofa
9. Bee
29. Knob
49. Rope
69. Ship
89. Fib
10. Toes
30. Mouse
50. Lace
70. Gas
90. Bus
11. Dad
31. Mat
51. Loot
71. Cat
91. Bat
12. Dune
32. Moon
52. Lion
72. Can
92. Pen
13. Dime
33. Mummy
53. Lime
73. Comb
93. Opium
14. Tire
34. Mower
54. Lure
74. Car
94. Bear
15. Doll
35. Mule
55. Lily
75. Coal
95. Bell
16. Tissue
36. Match
56. Leech
76. Cage
96. Bush
17. Duck
37. Mug
57. Log
77. Coke
97. Book
18. Dove
38. Movie
58. Lava
78. Cave
98. Beef
19. Tape
39. Map
59. Lip
79. Cape
99. Pipe
09. Sepia
20. Nose
40. Rose
60. Cheese
80. Fez
00. S.O.S.
1. Hat
21. Net
41. Road
61. Sheet
81. Fat
01. Seed
2. Hen
22. Nun
42. Rain
62. Chain
82. Fan
02. Sun
3. Ham
23. Nemo
43. Room
63. Jam
83. Foam
03. Sam
4. Row
24. Nero
44. Aurora
64. Cherry
84. Fire
04. Zero
5. Hill
25. Nail
45. Rail
65. Jello
85. File
05. Seal
6. Shoe
26. Notch
46. Rash
66. Judge
86. Fish
06. Sash
Digit Sound
k, hard c, hard
g, q, qu
v, f
b, p
Memory Aid
think of v as in a V8 motor. f sounds similar (notice how your teeth touch your
lips for both).
p is a mirror-image 9. b sounds similar and resembles a 9 rolled around (also
notice how your lip movement is the same when pronouncing these letters.)
vowel sounds,
w, h, y
value.
Memory Aid
s, z, soft c
d, t, th
the last letter of four, also 4 and R are almost mirror images of each other.
a script j has a lower loop like 6. These letters also have a whistle-like sound,
d and t have one downstroke and sound similar (notice the tip of your tongue as
you say them).