Functional and antimicrobial chracteristics

Pediococcus acidilactici is a gram positive lactic acid bacteria group which belongs
to the family of Lactobacillaceae and can ferment monosaccharides and
dissacharides and it is commonly found in olants, milk and is widely used as natural
starters in food fermentations such as vegetables and meat and can also be used as
biopreservatives since it can manufacture antimicrobial peptide, it's growth us
affected by environmental conditions such as temoerature where it should be at
40C and a pH of 6.0 and it cannot withstand salt concentration. P. acidilactici came
from the lactic acid bacteria group (LAB) which is a gram postive bacteria, they may
come in rods, non-spore forming,or cocci. These pediococcus come in single, in
pairs or in short chains or in tetrads and are gram positive, catalase-negative and
microphilic and are homofermentiv they ferment sugars to yield 0.5 to 0.9 % acid,
which is mostly lactic acid and theey grow well in brine up to 5.5% but grows poorly
in a brine solution of about 10%. They can grow in a temperature of 45C but grows
best in a 32C temperature. Pediococcus have been found growing in a
fermentation of brined sugars.

Partial Isolation & collection & identification

P. acidilacici K10 possesed a wide range of antimicrobial effect against grampositive and gram-negative bacteria. Infection causing bacteria such as
Streptococcus agalactiae, S. mutans and Propionibacterium acness were inhibited
by bacteriocin produced by P.acidilactici K10. (Young, 2012) P. acidilactici prefer folic
acid and they like to grow in media with 4%NaCl. They grow rapidly in aerobic
environment but they are still facultative but P.acidilactici cannot withstand strong
salt concentrations. A previous study used a direct plate bioassay for quantifiable
assesment on carbon source and different salts. MRS media was ysed and 3-6 hour
incubation period and results showed that glucose was found to be the best carbon
source while glycerol was least. Addition of NH4PO4, CaCl2, KH2PO4 supressed the
production (pediocin). But with MnSO4H20 increased the production. ( Papagianni,
2009). Pediocins are influenced by pH temperature, and aerobic environment. A
simple broth that has trypticase or tryptone, 1% glucose, 1% Tween 80, 0.2% Mn2+,
1% yeast extracted with an initial pH of 6.5 would result to higher production than
MRS. (Papagianni, 2009)

S.pyogenes

S. pyogenes is one of the leading causes of illness in the Philippines. There was a
study conducted during a 2 year -period, 2053 infants aged 90 days or younger this
was in 1 to 3 Manila hospitals sreened, 873 had signs and symptoms suggestive of
an infectious illness and 608 were judged to have clinical features suggestive for
severe infection. Of the 873 enrolled infants 81 died (91%) after the exclusion of
presumed contaminated, positive bactetial culture from blood and ir cerebrospinal
fluid was obtained in 35 infants (5.8% ; 95% confidence interval 4%,8%) 9 of whom
died. It showed that a lot of organisms and bacteria are involved in the infection an
illness among children and one of them is the S. pyogenes. (Gatchalian et.al 1999)
According to the World Health Organization, Scabies and impetigo in tropical and
subtropical countries are more than just nuisance problems in children, and skin
diseases are among the most common reasons for attending child health clinics
worldwide. Scabies is a neglected disease and lesions are often secondarily
infected by bacteria, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus
pyogenes impetigo caused by S. pyogenes can also lead to acute post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis and may play a role in the pathogenesis of acute rheumatic
fever. (Steer A.C. et.al 2009)

Beta-lactam agents are usually used against D.pyogenes but alternative antibiotic
must be used for penicillin- allergic patients.( Cimolai, 2009) In patients who are
allergic to penicillin, erythromycin or the newer macrolides (eg, azithromycin,
clarithromycin) appear to be effective. Oral cephalosporins are also highly effective
in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis. Although eradication rates associated
with cephalosporins may be superior to those achieved with penicillin, the latter is
the recommended drug of choice by the American Heart Association and the
Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clindamycin may be more effective in
invasive infections. Unlike with penicillin, the efficacy of clindamycin is unaffected
by the size of the inoculum and the stage of bacterial growth. In addition,
clindamycin inhibits the production of toxin by streptococci.A streptococcal vaccine
could also be a promising tool for disease prevention, but an effective vaccine would
have to provide protection from multiple serotypes. Furthermore, theoretical

concern that vaccine-induced antibodies could injure host tissue and precipitate
rheumatic fever is recognized. (Medscape, 2016)