Call drop reasons

Call drops in GSM network can be caused by the following:

i) Equipment: GSM radios/Combiners can be a cause of this, solution to this is
replacement of the unit. A Mobile Station(phone) can also be a cause.
ii) VSWR (voltage wave standing ratio): VSWR caused by poor connections on feeders,
water penetration, fault on antenna etc
iii) Transmission problem: If transmission is not perfect, high B.E.R (Bit error ratio) or
other factors causing inaccuracy of transmission.
iv) Interference: when there's frequency interfere (either co-channel or adjacent
interference).
v) Hand-over: if hand-over between two sectors is not well defined.
Possible reasons for call drop
1. If the netwotk is congested and u are low priority user then ur call might be dropped.
2. The signal level for an ideal call is
Transmit +43db
Receive -60 ~ -80db
Some times while receiving call, suppose due to pathloss or shadowing, if ur receiving
signal level is -95db, then ur call will be dropeed.
During the site survey, Site selection is very much important to avoid the effect of path
loss and shadowing.
3. Sometimes there are pockets due to inappropiate radio network planning, in those
pockets ur call might be dropped.
Appropiate Radio Planning and the adjustment of Antenna's Down Tilt is very much
important to resolve this problem.
4. During hanover, if the interferrence from the neighbouring BTS is too high the call
might be droped.
Appropiate Radio Planning and the adjustment of Antenna's Down Tilt is very much
important to resolve this problem
5. Somtimes SACCH, FACCH signalling channels are not available to provide u a TCH
channel.In that case call might be dropped. Repeated SACCH, FACCH can solve this
problem.
6. Some times it might happen that you are too far from the center of BTS, that is you are
at the cell boundary. At that u might face problem to make a call as the transmitted signal
from ur MS will not reach BTS.

High gain antenna's can solve this problem. there are other different techniques to resolve
this problem. But all these solutinos varies from vendor to vendor.