1.

Type of souces: Online sources

-http://www.amazingborneo.com/sabah/peopleculture
2. Name of sources: People & Culture of Sabah Amazing Borneo Tours
3. Theme: Culture and tradition
4. Topic: People, culture and customs
5. Name of author: Not stated
6. Contents:
Sabah's population is heterogeneous and culturally diverse, with more
than 30 different ethnic races and over 80 local dialects spoken. The origins of
the ethnic groups are charmingly explained in an old folk tale that originates in
legend and history and is a legacy from Sabahs oldest people. The tale speaks
of a place called Nunuk Ragang, the original Sabahans Garden of Eden,
somewhere in the heart of Sabah. Very soon, Nunuk Ragang got too crowded.
Families had to move out in search of new places to live. Some went across
valley plains and settled as farmers while others made their way up to the
highlands and learned to hunt and reap the bounty of jungles. Some trekked as
far as the east coast and settled there. And that was how the people spread
across the land.
Many of the ethnic groups share a similar oral history, languages and
traditions. However, lack of communication due to rugged terrains has resulted
in the evolution of many dialects in common languages, different dress styles,
handicrafts and cultures. The largest indigenous ethnic group is KadazanDusun,
followed by Bajau, and Murut. Traditions and customs have long been part of
Sabahans daily lives. All these ethnic groups live together harmoniously while at
the same time preserving their own culture, traditions, festivals and customs to
make Sabah a multicultural and exotic experience unlike any other that you
might have already experienced.
The Kadazandusun tribe is the largest ethnic category in Sabah and is
predominantly wet rice and hill rice cultivators. Their language belongs to the
Dusunic family and shares a common animistic belief system with various
customs and practices. Their ancient beliefs on the verity that everything has
life. The Bajaus are Sabahs second largest indigenous group. They are found in
concentrated numbers on the coastal areas especially from Kota Kinabalu to Kota
Belud and around the Semporna area. Originally they were seafarers and at one
time many were feared pirates. The West Coast Bajaus are now mainly farmers
and cattle breeders, the renowed Cowboy Horsemen of Sabah. The Rungus
living in the Kudat district are known to have maintained their ancient traditions
to this day. Even the traditional ladies costume has not many changes made to
it. Some of the women still wear costumes made from cloth processed form
handgrown and handspun cotton. Literally "Murut" means hill people". They
inhabit the interior and southeastern parts of Sabah and the territory straddling
the Kalimantan and Sarawak borders. They were onced feared headhunters. Most
Muruts live in three districts, Tenom, Keningau and Pensiangan where they were
mainly longhouse dwellers. They are mostly shifting cultivators and hunters with
some riverine fishing.

Islam is the official religion in both Malaysia and Brunei. Proper dress and
manners should be adhered at all times. Apart from the Sabahans very own
diverse mother tongues, Bahasa Malaysia (national language) and English is
widely spoken. Mandarin and some Chinese dialects are also widely spoken. In
Sabah, we greet people by saying welcome or thank you with a smile. Due to
religious reasons, some may prefer not to have physical contact with others.
However, a handshake is generally acceptable as a way of introducing oneself.

7. Reflection:
From this article, i have learned that we must live together harmoniously to
preserve our own culture, traditions, and customs. Other than that, we must
preserve the cultural heritage so that it will not be forgotten by future
generations. Lastly, I also have studied a lot of information about the tribes in
Sabah where it really helped me to know the history of the various tribes in the
state of Sabah.
8. Vocabulary learned:
i). Heterogenous- Consisting of parts or things that are very different from each
other
ii). Indigeneous- Living or growing in the place where they are from originally
iii). Prominent- 1. Important or famous
2. Noticeable, easy to see.
iv). Adhered- Stick fast to (a surface or substance)
v). Beckon- Make a gesture with the hand, arm, or head to encourage or instruct
someone to approach or follow