PENETRANT TESTING

NEST INSTITUTE OF NDT

PENETRANT TESTING
DYE PENETRANT TESTING
LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING

Penetrant Testing:
The penetrant materials used today are much more sophisticated than the
kerosene and whiting first used by railroad inspectors near the turn of the 20th
century. Today's penetrants are carefully formulated to produce the level of
sensitivity desired by the inspector. To perform well, a penetrant must possess
a number of important characteristics.

PT CHEMICALS:
PENETRANT (Green, Red, Pink)
DEVELOPER (White)
CLEANER (Colour less)

Types of Actions:
Capillary
Blotting

Action

Effect

Capillary Action:

After applying the penetrant these penetrant

will enter into the opening or discontinuity of the
job. This is called as capillary action.

Blotting Effect:
The developer is having the blotting effect. So
It brings out the penetrant from the discontinuities.
It is called as Blotting effect.

Basic Principal:

Capillary Action

Procedure:
ASME Sec V Article 6

Limitations:

Only surface discontinuities can be find

through this method.

Temperature should be maintained at

5 to 52 C on the test job.

PT can't be conducted on Grade 14 cast iron

PT Process:
1. Surface Preparation
2. Apply the penetrant
3. Dwell time
4. Remove of Excess penetrant
5. Apply the developer
6. Inspection
7. Post cleaning

1. Surface Preparation
Surface of the job should be free from
Oil, Grease, Rust & Dust for getting the
Accurate results. This is called as surface
Preparation or Pre cleaning.

2. Apply the penetrant

The penetrant is a dye. It is applied by
Spraying, Brushing, Dipping, Painting &
Pouring on the cleaned surface.

3. Dwell time
After applying the penetrant minimum 5
minutes should be given to allow the penetrant
to go into the openings of the surface of the
Job.

4. Remove of Excess penetrant

The excess penetrant should be removed
by using lint free cloth. Clean the surface with
moisturized cloth (lint free cloth with cleaner)
Unidirectional only.

5. Apply the developer

Apply the developer by shaking well and
keep at a distance of 300 mm from the surface
of the job. Apply this forming a thin coat apply
uniformly.

6. Inspection
After applied the developer immediately
visual inspection should be done up to 7
minutes. (Inspection time 7 to 30 min)

7. POST CLEANING
Post cleaning should be done after
the pt process by using cleaner and cloth.

PT METHODS:
Visible method
Fluorescent method

Fluorescent method:
In Fluorescent method we are used
fluorescent penetrant. Its radiation energy is
3650 angstrons.

PT TECHNIQUES:
1. Solvent removable method
2. Water washable method
3. Post emulsifiable method

SOLVENT REMOVABLE
METHOD

WATER WASHABLE METHOD

POST EMULSIFIABLE METHOD

Pre cleaning

Pre Cleaning

Pre cleaning

Apply Penetrant

Apply Penetrant

Apply Penetrant

Solvent Cleaning

Water Wash

Clean with Emulsifier

Apply Non Aqueous

Developer

Dry

Water Wash

Apply Dry Developer

Inspection

Apply Water Based Wet

Developer

Inspection

Post Cleaning

Dry

Post Cleaning

Inspection

METHODS OF SURFACE PREPARATION

Detergent Cleaning
Vapour Degreasing
Steam Cleaning
Solvent Cleaning
Acid Cleaning
Paint Remover

Detergent Cleaning:
Detergent are used to clean the surface chemically.

Vapour Degreasing:
Vapour degreasing is used to remove the oil and grease from
the test surface.

Steam Cleaning:
Steam cleaning is done on the large size parts.

Solvent Cleaning:
Using the solvent remover to clean the surface.

Acid Cleaning:
Rust, Dust & Surface scales are cleaned by acids.

Paint Remover:
Paints are removed by using paint remover.

INDICATIONS

AVOID CLEANING BY:

Sand Blasting
Shot Blasting
Wire Brushing
Emery Cloth Cleaning
Metal Scraping

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS:
Gloves
Mask
Shoe
Glass

THANK YOU