CNA1eso t4 3

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LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

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Chapter 4. MONERA, PROTOCTISTS, FUNGI

AND PLANTS
4.3. FUNGI
WARMING UP
-What is this?
http://mw2.google.com/mw-panoramio/photos/medium/36667670.jpg
Enjoy, they are fungi!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pq1x5V2-3w0
I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

PRE-TASK
* Analyse some characteristics of the fungi kingdom. Check the pictures and
choose the correct options:
http://muirbiology.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/fungal-cell.jpg
Typical fungi cell

- In the Woese three-domain system, fungi belong to the Bacteria /Archea/

Eukarya domain
- According to the number of cells, some fungi are unicellular / multicellular ,
like yeasts,,but most are unicellular/multicellular, like mushrooms,
- They are prokaryotic/eukaryotic organisms
- Their cells have/ do not have cell wall, like plants.
- They have/do not have chloroplast, like animals
- They absorb/ingest/photosynthesize, so they are autotrophs/heterotrophs.
Multicellular fungi are made up of a long branching filamentous structure called
hypha (plural hyphae). All the hyphae together make up the body of the fungus,
which is called MYCELIUM. Their cells have a cellular wall that contains chitin, a
modified form of cellulose

TASK
Types of fungi:
1) Mushrooms: Multicellular fungus with a round top or cap, a short stem and
gills on the underside of the cap. Some types of mushroom can be eaten
2) Mold (Am. Eng.)/Mould (Br. Eng.): Multicellular fungus which develops on

old food or on objects that have been left for too long in warm wet air, like
bread or cheese.

3) Yeast: Unicellular fungus which is used in making alcoholic drinks such as

beer and wine, and for making bread.
* STUDENT A must look for a yeast and a mushroom in the first group of fungi,
and a mould in the second group. STUDENT B must look for a mould in the first
group of fungi and a yeast and a mushroom in the second group. Then explain
each other the reasons for your choose. Use words like: Multicellular,
unicellular, cap, gills, develops on, food,
I think this is an example of because it is a multicellular organisms that
Write the type of fungus under every case:
GROUP 1:
Type:
Type:
Type:
Type:
Type:
GROUP 2:
Type:

The three vital functions of fungi:

1) NUTRITION:
* Fungi are heterotrophic: They have extracellular digestion by secreting
enzymes into environment and absorbing the nutrients that are produced.
* Watch the video and fill in the gaps with the proposed words or group of
words:
Help with vocabulary:
tangle
branching
threads
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0n04wCkIpuQ&NR=1
digestive acids
leaves
absorb the resulting soup
roots
construct more
stem
- A fungus has no _______, no _______and no _______. For most of the time
it is nothing more than a tangle of branching threads. These produce_________
____________, ______________and then use it to ____________threads

* We can classify the fungi according to how thy feed. Three types of nutrition
are found for fungi. Match the kind of fungus to the type of nutrition:
Kind of fungus
a) Saprophyte
from Greek saprotrophos

feeding on rotten matter
b) Parasite
from Greek parasitos (person)

eating at another's table
c) Symbiont
from Greek sumbin

living together
Type of nutrition
1) Fungus that lives on dead
organic matter.
2) Fungi that live together for a
mutual benefit.
3) Fungus which lives in or on
another organism and benefits at
the others expense.
* Three examples of fungi are proposed below. STUDENT A must choose the
saprophyte one. STUDENT B must choose the parasite one. STUDENT A must
explain STUDENT B the reasons for his/her choose. Then STUDENT B explains
STUDENTS A his/her reasons. Do you agree?
Finally, both STUDENTS A AND B must discover the symbiotic relation.
CASE 1: A strawberry that has been in the fridge for a long time is covered in
mould:
a) Saprophyte
b) Parasite
c) Symbiont
CASE 2: The Cordyceps unilateralis invades an ant, replacing its tissue and
organs with their mycelia. The fungus begins to control the ant from within and
forces it to climb up a plant. The ant reaches the top of the plant and dies. The
fungus emerges from the head and releases the spores to reproduce.

a) Saprophyte
b) Parasite
c) Symbiont
CASE 3: A lichen consists of two partners, an algae and a fungus. The algae
provides food, because it has chloroplasts where to perform photosynthesis, and
the fungus provides a damp environment.
a) Saprophyte
b) Parasite
c) Symbiont
* Watch this video again and decide what kinds of fungi are shown from min.
0:12 to min. 1:43.
a) Saprophytes
b) Parasites
c) Symbionts
* Watch this video and decide what kinds of fungi are shown
http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Cordyceps#p0038s7y
a) Saprophytes
b) Parasites
c) Symbionts

2) RELATION:
Fungi usually live in the soil, in dark damp places, where they are not exposed to
too much sunlight. In our latitude, fungi usually grow better on the northern side
of the tree trunks.
In many cases, fungi, or more specifically, lichens are usually used to control air
quality and pollution:
* Watch the video and answer:
http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/life/plants-fungi/lichenspollution/index.html
What is the woman in the video talking about? Two items are correct.
a) The reproduction of algae
b) The way the lichens may be used to measure the amount of nitrogen and
the quality of the air.
c) The situation of the lichen in the trunk of the trees.
d) The way the lichens work.
e) The amount of lichens that can be found around the world.
3) REPRODUCTION
They reproduce through spores, from which the new fungus grows and matures

* Watch the video and then order the steps in the reproduction of a mushroom
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/108741/Fungi-produce-billions-ofspores-that-give-rise-to-new
STEPS:
A mycelium is formed from the germination
The mushroom begins to form (mushroom primordial)
The spore germinates
The spores are formed in the gills
A mature mushroom is formed and the cycle continues.
STEPS IN ORDER:
1.- ________________________________
2.- ________________________________
3.- ________________________________
4.- ________________________________
5.- ________________________________

KEY
4.3. FUNGI
WARMING UP
In the picture we can see the devastation generated by the largest living
organism in the world. It is in the soil of the Oregon's Blue Mountains, in the
United States. Many trees have died because they have been infested by the
biggest fungus ever, a giant Armillaria ostoyae. It is under the ground, so you
can walk over it without being aware what is under your feet. It occupies as
much as 1,665 football fields. It is estimated to be 2,400 years old but could be
as ancient as 8,650 years, so that it can also be one of the oldest living things on
Earth.
PRE-TASK
* Analyse some characteristics of the fungi kingdom. Check the picture and
choose the correct options:
- In the Woese three-domain system, fungi belong to the Bacteria /Archea/
Eukarya domain
- According to the number of cells, some fungi are unicellular / multicellular ,
like yeasts,,but most are unicellular/multicellular, like mushrooms,
- They are prokaryotic/eukaryotic organisms
- Their cells have/ do not have cell wall, like plants.
- They have/do not have chloroplast, like animals
- They absorb/ingest/photosynthesize, so they are autotrophs/heterotrophs.
TASK
Types of fungi:
* STUDENT A must look for a yeast and a mushroom in the first group of fungi,
and a mould in the second group. STUDENT B must look for a mould in the first
group of fungi and a yeast and a mushroom in the second group. Then explain
each other the reasons for your choose. Use words like: Multicellular,
unicellular, cap, gills, develops on, food,
I think this is an example of because it is a multicellular organisms that
Write the type of fungus under every case:
GROUP 1:

Type: Mushrooms
Type: Mould
Type: Yeast
Type: Mould
Type: Mushrooms
GROUP 2:
Type: Yeast
The three vital functions of fungi:

1) NUTRITION:
* Watch the video and fill in the gaps with the proposed words or group of
words:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0n04wCkIpuQ&NR=1
digestive acids
leaves
absorb the resulting soup
roots
construct more
stem
- A fungus has no stem, no root and no leaves. For most of the time it is nothing
more than a tangle of branching threads. These produce digestive acids, absorb
the resulting soup and then use it to construct more threads
* Three types of nutrition are found for fungi. Match the kind of fungus to the
type of nutrition:

* Three examples of fungi are proposed. STUDENT A must choose the

saprophyte. STUDENT B must choose the parasite. STUDENT A must explain
STUDENT B the reasons for his/her choose. Then STUDENT B explains
STUDENTS A his/her reasons. Do you agree?
Finally, both STUDENTS A AND B must discover the symbiotic relation.
CASE 1: A strawberry that has been in the fridge for a long time is covered in
mould:
a) Saprophyte (STUDENT A)
b) Parasite
c) Symbiont
CASE 2: The Cordyceps unilateralis invades an ant, replacing its tissue and
organs with their mycelia. The fungus begins to control the ant from within and
forces it to climb up a plant. The ant reaches the top of the plant and dies. The
fungus emerges from the head and releases the spores to reproduce.
a) Saprophyte
b) Parasite (STUDENT B)
c) Symbiont
CASE 3: A lichen consists of two partners, an algae and a fungus. The algae
provides food, because it has chloroplasts where to perform photosynthesis, and
the fungus provides a damp environment.
a) Saprophyte
b) Parasite
c) Symbiont (BOTH)
* Watch this video again and decide what kinds of fungi are shown from min.
0:12 to min. 1:43.
a) Saprophytes
b) Parasites
c) Symbionts
* Watch this video again and decide what kinds of fungi are shown

http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Cordyceps#p0038s7y
a) Saprophytes
b) Parasites
c) Symbionts
2) RELATION:
* Watch the video and answer:
http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/life/plants-fungi/lichenspollution/index.html
What is the woman in the video talking about? Two items are correct.
a) The reproduction of algae
b) The way the lichens may be used to measure the amount of nitrogen
and the quality of the air.
c) The situation of the lichen in the trunk of the trees.
d) The way the lichens work.
e) The amount of lichens that can be found around the world.
3) REPRODUCTION
1.- The spores are formed in the gills and are released to the air
2.- The spore germinates
3.- A mycelium is formed from the germination of the spore
4.- The mushroom begins to form (mushroom primordial)
5.- A mature mushroom is formed and the cycle continues.

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I.E.S.

LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

Chapter 4. MONERA, PROTOCTISTS, FUNGI

Enjoy, they are fungi!

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

Typical fungi cell

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

- In the Woese three-domain system, fungi belong to the Bacteria /Archea/

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

2) Mold (Am. Eng.)/Mould (Br. Eng.): Multicellular fungus which develops on

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

3) Yeast: Unicellular fungus which is used in making alcoholic drinks such as

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

The three vital functions of fungi:

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

from Greek saprotrophos

from Greek parasitos (person)

from Greek sumbin

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

The three vital functions of fungi:

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

* Three examples of fungi are proposed. STUDENT A must choose the

I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE

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