Chapter I

The Problem
Background of the study
Education plays a vital role in human development and
social transformation. It is considered one of the pillars
in development of a particular culture. Through the process
of

education,

an

individual

gains

specific

knowledge,

specialized skills or with use of laboratory equipment to be

able to fully function and exist, thus paving the way to
build a better society.
Teaching learning process is the heart of education. 0n
it depends the fulfillment of the aims & objectives of
education. It is the most powerful instrument of education
to bring about desired changes in the students.
This

process

is

not

linear

sequence

of

events

but

rather a dynamic phenomenon. It is in fact an integrated

process in the field of education, where, the prime focus is
to empower learners to think for themselves. Teaching is not
merely information or knowledge, but also an expression of
values and attitudes. What teachers usually get back from
their students is what they themselves have brought to the
teaching-learning process. Teaching, process, the teacher

the learner the curriculum and other variables are organized

in a systematic way to attain some pre-determined goal
However, the processes of investigation dont always
run smoothly, and students need guidance to make sense of
their results.
The

laboratory

investigate,

is

analyze,

an
and

exciting
reflect

place
they

where
test

students

and

apply

theories and make abstract concepts concert. You can do

almost anything in a laboratory setting that can be done in
other

class

setting

including

discussions

and

giving

lectures. But because the reverse is not true, and most of

us are not fortunate enough too able to hold all class
sessions in the lab, the real question is, how can we make
most efficient use of laboratory time? This requires that
you know what you want to accomplish in the laboratory, and
this will depend on who you are students are, what kind of
class

you

teach,

and

your

constraints

(time,

materials,

equipment).
Laboratories are wonderful settings for teaching and
learning science. They provide students with opportunities
to think about, discuss, and solve real problems.
Equipment is a significant challenge facing the modern
laboratory. A laboratory must ensure optimal health, safety,
durability, and performance all while working within tight

logistical

and

budget-related

parameters.

Laboratory

equipment repair, maintenance, calibration, and inspection

are all crucial to achieving success.
Mckeachie
assumes

that

(2012),

states

first-hand

that

experience

laboratory
in

teaching

observation

and

manipulation of the materials of science is superior to

other method of developing understanding and appreciation.
Laboratory

training

is

also

frequently

based

to

develop

skill necessary for more advances study of research.

From the standpoint of the theory, the activity of the
student, the sensor motor nature of the experience, and the
individualization
contribute

of

positively

laboratory
to

learning.

instruction
Information

should
cannot

usually obtained, however, by direct experience as rapidly

as it can from abstraction presented orally or in print.
Thus, one
Would not expect laboratory teaching to have an advantage
over other teaching methods in the amount of information
retention, in ability to apply learning, or in actual skill
in observation or manipulation of materials as cited by Gage
(1962).
Based on the aforementioned a premises, the researchers
will encourage conducting the study for the main purpose of

determining the use of the laboratory equipment in teachinglearning process in College of Criminal Justice Education.
This

study

use

of

laboratory

equipment

in

teaching

learning process in College of Criminal Justice Education

can

help

to

the

criminology

student

and

also

to

be

instructor of College of Criminal Justice Education improve

their teaching learning process.
The researchers gained interest to conduct this study
to determine the level knowledge of the student in using
laboratory equipment in the teaching learning process of the
College of Criminal Justice Education (CCJE); to determine
the degree of seriousness of problem encountered with the
used

of

laboratory

possible

equipment

recommendations

can

in

CCJE;

be

to

made

determine

the

improve

the

to

teaching-learning process of the College of Criminal Justice

Education (CCJE).
And also to identify the significant difference between
the respondents on the level of knowledge in the use of
laboratory

equipment

in

College

of

Criminal

Justice

Education (CCJE) and to determine the

degree of seriousness

of

used

problem

equipment?

encountered

with

the

of

laboratory

Conceptual Framework

We are passing through a great transition .The old is

becoming

obsolete

and

new

is

still

in

the

process

of

emergence. The old ways of learning & teaching is found to

be

too

rigid

&

too

outdated.

great

opportunity

of

psychological principle is being truly demanded. It has been

urged that the training of the young requires the part of
teacher a deep psychological knowledge
Tadio

(1990),

knowledge

regarding

phenomena.

It

defines

criminology

delinquency

includes

within

and

its

as

the

crime

scope

the

as

body

of

social

process

of

making laws, of breaking laws and of reacting towards the

breaking of laws Criminology focuses on the behavior that
violets the criminal law and seeks explanation for that
behavior.
Teaching

learning

process

defines

as

planned

interaction that promotes behavioral change that is not a

result of maturation or coincidence

Individual student may be better suited to learning in

a

particular

way,

using

distinctive

modes

for

thinking,

relating and creating. The implication of students having

particular

learning

style

has

implication

for

teaching

strategies. Because preferred modes input and out vary from

one individual to another, it is critical that teacher use a
range of teaching strategies to effectively meet the need of
individual

learners.

Sound

health

instruction

should

incorporate a variety of children. This should lead to young

learners

who

motivated

to

are

both

inquire,

intrinsically
infer,

and

and

extrinsically

interpret;

to

think

reflectively, critically and creatively and in the final

analysis to make use the knowledge and skills they have
gained by becoming effective decision makers.
Gane (1993), discussed several instrument principles
that include the use of instructional material may and could
actually

optimize

learning.

Further,

Doll

(1987)

start

instructional materials are means to an end. This statement

of his implies that such learning material become tools
towards

the

achievement

of

desire

learning

objectives

outcomes when selected carefully the chart purpose of which

is to provide relevant ideas to the learners and help them
understand particular concepts.

Ornstien (1990) discussed about the role and importance

of instructional aides to the teaching-learning process,
saying that the most experiences in the classroom occur
through

verbal

symbolism-written

and

spoken

word;

these

classroom experience may be easier for teacher to supply,

but

they

may

be

more

difficult

for

many

student

to

understand
Instructional material or important devices in teaching
and learning just as teacher and the student are the better
and more suitable these material that are introduced and
made available to the student, the more likely they are to
understand and appreciate the subject matter.
It is true that laboratories are the only place to
learn hand skill, but many skills depend upon the particular
piece of equipment available. Not all infrared machines are
the same each having its own peculiar flicks of the wrist
to make it operate well. Although the student has learn the
manual

skills

with

the

apparatus

available

what

is

importance is to Know how to handle and interpret that

spectra from any machine and this can be done without a
laboratory
In

practice,

techniques

by

Al-Shuaill

using
showed

interactive
that

visual

demonstration
observation

changes, which might go unnoticed in a normal laboratory,

could be made to appear well above the detection threshold.

Therefore

,whilst

demonstrating

particular

task,

the

instructor can highlight the kind of things learners should

be

looking

for

in

order

to

fulfill

the

tasks

aim

of

focusing on signals and suppressing noise Johnstone,

(2003).

Suzanne

M.

Wilson

(2010)

Education

has

always

been

awash with new ideas about learning and teaching. Teachers

and administrators are regularly bombarded with suggestions
for

reform.

They

are

asked

to

use

new

curricula,

new

teaching strategies, and new assessments. They are directed

to prepare students for the new state standardized test or
to document and assess students work through portfolios and
performance assessments. They are urged to use researchbased

methods

to

teach

reading

and

mathematics.

Among

educators, there is a certain cynicism that comes with these

waves

of

reformist

exhortations.

Veteran

teachers

often

smile wryly when told to do this or that, whispering asides

about

another

faddish

pendulum

swing,

closing

their

classroom doors, quietly going about their business

Dimitrios (2002) there is no such thing as "the perfect
teacher." Giving a homily on what "good teachers" do appears

to be unhelpful and unrewarding to those who want to improve

their own practices. A far more helpful approach seems to be
the study of teachers' beliefs, which inform and shape their
actions. Constructivism lies at the heart of this endeavour,
as it offers valuable insights into the cognitive as well as
affective aspects of the relationship between teachers and
their self-images, and teachers and students. Teaching is
not

merely

information

or

knowledge,

but

mainly

an

expression of values and attitudes. What teachers usually

get back from their students is what they themselves have
brought to the teaching-learning process
PAMANTASAN

NG

LUNGSOD

NG

MUNTING

LUPA(2012)

The

provision of the 1987 Constitution which mandates the State

to give priority to education, science, technology, culture
and

the

(PLMun)

arts,

the

premised

Pamantasan

its

establishing

an

level

reflects

which

ng

philosophy

educational
on

Lungsod
on

the

institution

the

mandated

in

ng

Muntinlupa

rationale
the

of

tertiary

provisions.

The

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa (PLMun) aims to promote

intellectual growth, to initiate the advancement of learning
and research, to develop responsible and effective leaders,
to create esteemed professionals, to enrich the countrys
historical

and

cultural

heritage,

to

provide

quality

education for the Muntinlupeos, primarily, and to prepare

them

to

meet

the

demands

of

the

global

market,

thus,

enabling them to become responsible and employable citizens.

As

learning

Muntinlupas

institution,

educational

Pamantasan

paradigm

of

ng

Lungsod

curricular

ng

programs

shows values, academic and technical-orientation aimed at

cultivating the mind, spirit and body in the service of God,
the country and the community
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study determined the use of laboratory equipments

in the teaching-learning in CCJE
Specifically, this study sought to answer the following
question:
1.

What

is

the

level

of

knowledge

in

using

the

laboratory equipment as perceived by the:

A.)College of Criminal Justice Education instructor
B.)College of Criminal Justice Education student
2.

Is

there

significant

difference

between

the

perceptions of the respondent on the level of use of the

laboratory

equipments

in

improving

teaching-

learning

process of College of Criminal Justice Education?

3.

What

is

the

degree

of

seriousness

of

encountered with the used of laboratory equipment?

problem

4. What are the recommendation can be made to improve

the teaching-learning process using laboratory equipment in
College of Criminal Justice Education

Hypothesis
There

is

no

significant

difference

between

the

perceptions of the respondent on the level of use of the

laboratory equipment in improving teaching-learning process
of College of Criminal Justice Education (CCJE)