MIDTERM EXAMINATION

INTRODUCTION TO ANALYSIS (I), FALL SEMESTER, 2014

November 13 , 2014
1. (24%) Test for convergence of the following series.
(a)Find all positive integers N such that

n=2

(b)Find p R such that

converges,
( )ln n

)p
n
n 1 converges,

n=2

(c)

n=1

cos nx
.
n

2. (10%) Apply Cantors{diagonal process to show

that the Cantor set C is un}

an
countable, where C =
: an = 0 or 2 [ 0, 1].
n
3
n=1
3. (16%) Recall that the range of a sequence (an ) is the set {an , n = 1, 2, . . .} of
all points of the sequence.
(a) Find the upper limit and the lower limit of the sequence (an ), where
(1)n n
an =
. If you need a fact about the upper and lower limits of
(n!)1/n
ratios and nth roots of sequences given in text, state it explicitly without
proof.

(b) Find the upper limit and the lower limit of the sequence ( cos( 2n) ). Next
find the limit points of the range of this sequence. If you need the denseness
property shown in class, state it explicitly without proof.
4. (12%) Let X be a metric space.
(a) Use only the open covering definition to show that if X is compact, then
every sequence of X has a subsequence that converges in X.
(b) Show that if X is separable, then X has a countable base.
5. (12%) You may use the results of previous question. Let X be a metric space
in which every sequence has a subsequence that converges in X.
(a) First show that X is separable.
(b) Then show that X is compact.

6. (12%) Let (an ) be a bounded real-valued sequence, and denote un = sup{ak : k n}.
Clearly un is decreasing and hence lim un = U R exists. Show that U satisfies
n
the following two properties.
(a) There exists a subsequence of (an ) which converges to U .
(b) For any > U there exists an N0 N such that an < when n N0 .
7. (5%) Let (tn ) be a monotonically decreasing sequence such that

tn converges.

n=1

Show that lim ntn = 0.

n

8. (9%=1+4+4) Let (an ), (bn ) be two real-valued sequences such that bn > 0, bn

an
converges.
bn+1 , n = 1, 2, . . . and (bn ) diverges to infinity. Suppose that
b
n=1 n

ak
(a) Put cn =
. Find the limit of cn , if exists, as n .
b
k
k=n+1

(b) Express an in terms of suitable bk s and ck s. Then derive a summation by

parts formula for a1 + a2 + + an .
n
1
ak 0 as n .
(c) Use the above results to prove that
bn k=1