Kathrein S Remote Electrical Tilt System RET

Kathreins Remote Electrical Tilt System (RET)
Solutions for different phases
Kathrein/Guggenhuber 04/2008
Summary
Remote Electrical Tilt (RET) Basic

RET Concept & Phases
Antenna System Manager (ASM)
AISG/3GPP Overview & Interoperability
Summary

UMTS / WCDMA
Network
Big difference of mobile networks of 3rd generation (WCDMA) :
WCDMA is a dynamic network with variable cell sizes !
Comparison
Access
GSM
TDMA
(Time Division Multiple
Access)
Separation of the subscribers
by time slots
Frequency plan certain frequencies per cell
Hand over
registration only in one cell
(hard hand over)
Cell size
fixed
UMTS
WCDMA
(Wideband Code Division Multiple
Access)
Separation of the subscribers
by codes
the same full bandwidth in each cell
registration in two or more cells
(soft hand over)
variable
Different networkplanning compared to GSM
UMTS / WCDMA
Downtilt in GSM Systems
Downtilting of the vertical pattern reduces the radiated power

towards the horizon and concentrates it into the cell to be
covered.
mechanical downtilt
easy handling, adjustable, but downtilt angle not constant across the azimuth
electrical downtilt
constant downtilt angle over azimuth but not adjustable
adjustable electrical downtilt

combines the electrical benefits with the mechanical flexibility
UMTS / WCDMA
Network
Power control and cell breathing

Complex relation between capacity, coverage and interference;
a growing load in the cell (quantity of subscibers, transferred data rate) is
increasing the noise and the required power; communication quality is effected
base station reduces the cell size
Quelle: HU Berlin
UMTS / WCDMA
Network
The network planners aim at a continuous coverage but with a minimum

overlapping between the cells to avoid additional interferences
The cell breathing changes the situation permanently from big overlapping to
reduced coverage
--> the cells have to be adjusted carefully by means of the vertical downtilt
considering the average required capacity
Big overlapping
Reduced coverage
UMTS / WCDMA
Network
Remote electrical tilt enables a continuing optimisation to achieve the best balance
between interference and coverage also with respect to :
Soft handover
Due to the low uplink power levels the subscriber signals may be received by
two or three cells and added up by the system improvement of the uplink
path but eating up of capacity; 30-40% of the subscribers may be in this
situation
Soft handover
BTS
BTS
8
BTS
UMTS / WCDMA
Network
already now the RET system can adapt the network to the current status
on the basis of pre-measured and pre-optimised scenarios; the downtilts are
adjusted according to the following situations:
rush hour coverage (specific high traffic spots)

working time (main traffic in offices)
evening coverage (main traffic at home or in restaurants/bars)
special coverage for irregular events (sport, games, music festivals, fairs).
UMTS / WCDMA
RET Benefits
Conclusion :
For the network optimisation due to changing cell sizes with WCDMA an
adaption of the coverage by adjustment of the downtilt angle is required
Local control directly at the base station does not provide the required quick
and permanent access
Central control for a complete network section, e.g. via the common OMC
(Operational Maintenance Center) is needed
Benefits :
Up to 20% of WCDMA equipment can be saved
Lower bit failure rate
Smaller amount of drop calls
Cell corrections due to network extensions can be carried out without
sending installation teams to the base stations.
10
Summary

11
UMTS / WCDMA
Remote Electrical Tilt (RET)
Concept :
Each manually adjustable Kathrein
antenna with appropiate mechanical
interface can be upgraded to provide
remote electrical tilt by means of a
separate unit (RCU)
upgrading can be carried out also with

already mounted antennas
Antenna with
mechanical
RET interface
Remote control
unit (RCU)
attached
decision for appliance can be postponed

according to experience
further reduced number of versions
12
UMTS / WCDMA
Mechanical Interface
Mechanical interface
13
UMTS / WCDMA
Remote Control Unit
RCU features:
Easy attachment via a robust 42 mm thread
Excellent lightning and EMC protection:

- screened control cable
- grounded aluminum housing
- each wire control cable wire individually lightning protected
Integrated electronic for safe operation :

- easy calibration
- last position EPROM stored
- no position loss with power loss
Powerfull motor with low power consumption :

- high torque for low temp. Application (-40 C)
Just one RCU version for all antenna types

14
Remote electrical tilt
Phase overview
Phase 1 : Temporary local control
Phase 2 : Permanent control from an operation center e.g. the OMC

(operation maintenance center)
Phase 3 : Fast and comfortable OMC control via ASM and SNMP
(antenna system manager / simple network management protocol)
15
Phase 1
Phase 1 : Temporary local control
BTS
Control unit
16
Phase 1
Access to change the downtilt angle on site from

ground level
Applications :
- downtilt angle adaptation to network changes

for GSM or CDMA sites
- access to hardly reachable antenna locations
such as on high tension line masts or chimneys
(lower costs regarding number of riggers and
safety equipment)
- 3G sites with low traffic but without the
requirement yet for OMC controlled RET
17
Phase 1
Antenna line configuration

Antenna
Antennas equipped with RCUs
RCUs connected via additional cable and splitter or

daisy chain
Alternatively the additional cable can be replaced
by a connection via 2 smart bias Tees
RCU
Splitter
Performance of the PCA (via laptop):

- antenna data transfer
BTS
- calibration
- downtilt adjustment
Smart
BIAS-T
PCA
Smart-BIAS-T
Additional
control cable
Feeder lines
18
PCA
- AISG conform !
19
PCA
Interfaces and Signalling
20
Phase 2
Phase 2 : Permanent control from an operation center e.g. the OMC

(operation maintenance center)
21
Phase 2
Central remote controlling
Connection between the Operational Maintenance Center (OMC) and the

RCU via a Central Control Unit (CCU)
Two link circles : OMC - CCU / CCU - RCU
Antenna
Link
OMC - CCU
CCU
Link
CCU - RCU
RCU
22
Phase 2
Central control unit
Alarm interface
Ethernet
port
RS 232 port
DC -48 V
3 AISG ports
for 9 RCUs
and 3 TMAs
AC 100 - 240 V
23
Alarm interface
RS 232 port
Phase 2
Ethernet
port
DC -48 V
3 AISG ports
for 9 RCUs
and 3 TMAs
AC 100 - 240 V
24
Outdoor wall or mast mounted CCU
Phase 2
Available
1. quarter 2008
25
Phase 2
Link CCU - RCU
Instead of the PCA a central control unit (CCU) is

installed
No need for a modification of the RCU connection

of Phase 1 because of AISG compatibility
CCU offers the control of a TMA with integrated

Smart Bias Tee function
Antenna
RCU
TMA
Smart
BIAS-T
BTS
Smart-BIAS-T
Additional
control cable
Feeder lines
26
Local Control via Internet Browser
Phase 2
Using the Browser Functionality
Standard Internet Browser connected with the Embedded Web Server in CCU
Commissioning and Configuration of complete RET System
Management of a single RET-System
Very easy to use
CCU
RS232
Ethernet
27
The CCU acts as a web server with

its own IP address
HTML solution
The appearing website contains all

required control elements for normal
service and installation
no separate software is required,

just a standard browser
all AISG devices can be controlled:

RCU, TMA (TMB)
Phase 2
CCU website
28
Phase 2
HTML solution via browser
for DT angle information the refering CCU has to be contacted
access only one after the other (long procedure especially via modem)
with HTML the whole page has to be transferred even if only one value changes
no reference to site names
suitable only for a low number of CCUs

OMC
HTML
29
RET Network
Phase 3
Phase 3 : Fast and comfortable OMC control via ASM and SNMP
(antenna system manager / simple network management protocol)
30
Summary

31
Remote Control via ASM
Using of ASM - Antenna System Manager
Convenient way to manage a big CCU network

Fast fault detection and/or configuration change
Automated actions via CCI (set, verify, upgrade ...)
OMC
NodeB
ASM Server
BTS
BTS
min.
length 2m
ASM Clients
LPZ 1
RNC's
RNC
OMC
BTS
BTS
min.
length 2m
CCI
XML for automated

Actions
Central Alarm
Manager
ATM
ATM
Backbone
Backbone
ATM
ATM
Backbone
Backbone
BTS
BTS
min.
length 2m
32
Phase 3
TMA
System SW
RET
ASM
Embedded SW
AISG/3GPP: Layer1 + 2 + 7
BTS
min. length 2m
BTS
CCU
SNMP: IP +UDP and Kathrein MIB

33
14. Client Server Architecture of ASM 2.x (1)
ASM CSA for usage in the OMC network

with simultaneously access for up to 10 clients plus 1 administrator
Server
DB
Client
OMC
Network
Client
Client
Client
Launch in contex
t/
Remote Trigger
CCI
Automated
Actions
XML based
Central Alarm Manager
34
14. Client Server Architecture of ASM 2.x (3)

ASM Server
+Dongle
SNMP, FTP
...
...
10.000
ASM Clients (10+1)
36
Remote Alarm Management (1)
Alarm notification
Via Node-B (OEM proprietary)
Programmable alarm pins of CCU
Via ASM (collecting AISG alarms, events and changes)
Periodic Polling Engine (PPE)
SNMP Notification Listeners (Trap, Inform)
SNMP Notification Forwarding (Trap)

RCU
OMC
Splitter
Earthling
LPD
A SM
CCU
BTS
BTS
NodeB
Launch i.C.,
Remote Tr.
Central
Alarm
Manager
CCI
RNC
ATM
Backbone
XML for
Automated
Actions
37
Alarm connector: 8 OC pins
Remote Alarm Management (2)

Alarm Event Management via S N M P Notification
Trap
Inform
Notification messages: Alarm, System Event, Configuration change (Status, Parameter)
A SM
Alarm
Forwarding
(Trap)
L
Re aun
m ch
ot i n
e
Tr co
ig nt
ge ex
r t/
SNMP Listener:
Alarm notification (reserved)
Configuration change (reserved)
Alarm
Alarm
Forwarding
(Trap)
Launch in context /
Remote Trigger
BTS
BTS
min. length 2m
LPZ 1
SNMP Notification Listener:

Regional
Alarm
Manager
OMC
Alarm
Manager
- ASM (reserved)
-> Alarm notification,
-> Configuration change
SNMP Listener:
Alarm notification
System event
- Additional listener (configurable)

-> 2 alarm notification listener
-> 1 system notification listener
38
Extended options by means of CCI

(customized control interface)
Key words :
- remote control of the ASM
- automatic execution of predefined actions
- configuration of a whole network or parts of it in a single-pass procedure
- adoption of OMC commands via XML
39
Many operators use an optimiser tool for their network planning
According to measurements and calculations certain scenarios are stored
With these scenarios (individual downtilt angles) the network is adapted to the
current situation :
- rush hour
- working time
- evening coverage
- special events
- emergencies
OMC
Optimiser
Planing tool
Cellular Network
XML
file
ASM
CCI
SNMP
RET Network
40

Description of the CCI performance
a XML file of the planned actions is provided either by manual inputs or by

stored information (Possible Export and Import of whole Database)
the CCI software is analysing the file and generates a list of commands,
considering also aditional actions like calibration
the CCI performs the actions in a semi parallel way; the number of parallel
actions can be set by the user (depending on network capacity)
while the CCI is proceeding, the user can monitor the

ongoing process via the CCI dialog to the ASM
ASM
a detailed report is created (XML and pdf format)
CCI
XML for
Automated
Actions
41

ASM Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Phase 3
44
16. ASM 3.x GUI Devices (2)
The ASM ...
... to setting up and control of all device parameters

(CCU, RCU, TMA)
RCU
TMA
CCU
46
16. ASM 3.x GUI Organisation via Views (2)
RET Systems are grouped in freely

customizable Views
Unlimited number of Views

Assignment of Views to ASM users that are
permitted to configure the RET systems contained
in a View
Simple usage via 'Drag'n Drop'
Customizable device appearance

(e.g 'Site-ID and IP')
Dynamic loading/closing of Views in project-like

manner
47
16. ASM 3.x GUI User Management (3)
Built-in, intuitive user management
Secure Password Protection (encrypted)
Secure password generation (optional)
Unlimited number of definable user accounts
Session based and dynamic Log-in/Log-out
4 pre-defined Roles available for rights

management
1) ADMIN
2) MANAGER
3) DEFAULT
4 BROWSER
48
Roadmap
(*)
49
3. Q. 2008
(*)
Subject to alteration
Support
ASM One Year Support (86010116)
1-2 day Training
Technical Support via Fault Ticket

(web interface) and phone
Software updates and new versions

are free of charge
Extension of the standard warranty period

for one year
50
Summary

51
Introduction to AISG / 3GPP
AISG is an industry standards group working on

control interfaces for antenna line equipment.
3GPP is a world-wide co-operation for

standardisation of mobile communication.
Generation of technical specifications, which
describe all aspects of mobile communication in
detail.
In former times the RET-System was just standardised by AISG.
Parts of the AISG standard were adopted by 3GPP.
52

What is AISG?
The roll-out of 3G systems has accelerated
the use of antenna line products with digital
remote control and monitoring facilities.
The Antenna Interface Standards Group has created
open specifications for the control interface for these devices.
Future developments of the specification are expected to
extend the range of devices and the available command syntax.
AISG v2 is consistent with the 3GPP standards for RET antennas
(TS 25 460 - TS 25 463) but extends these documents to include
additional implementation standards and a control interface for
TMAs.
Extension Standards extend the AISG standard to include a wider
range of equipment.
Current version of the standard: AISG v2.0
(13 June 2006)
Extension Standards:
Remote azimuth steering
AISG ES-RAS v2.1.0 (11 Dec 2007)
Remote azimuth beamwidth AISG ES-RAB v2.1.0 (11 Dec 2007)
Previous version of the standard: AISG1 v1.1 (30 July 2004)
53
Motivation:
Avoiding proprietary ALD control interfaces
Increase of ALD market acceptance

(RET, TMA, RAB, RAS )
Reducing system integration effort

(due to interoperability of different vendor equipment)
Advantages for all engaged parties

Network-Operators,
BTS- suppliers
Antenna Manufacturers
In former times the RET-System was just standardised by AISG.
Parts of the AISG standard were adopted by 3GPP.
54

Overview of Antenna Interface Standardization
Software and Hardware System

Motor Control,
Alarm Handling,
AISG & 3GPP
Procedure Handling
Layer 7
HDLC, XID Parameter
Layer 2
API
HW Driver, Interrupt Control, Tx/Rx Buffer
Microcontroller Platform
Timer
PWM
EEPROM
UART
FLASH
RAM
OOK Modem
RS485 Bus
Power Supply
Layer 1
55

2003
2004
2005
III / 2006 IV / 2006 IV / 2007
AISG 1.0 Specification Release

Technology
Platform
(Standard)
Minor Changes
Adoption and Improvement of RET in 3GPP

3GPP-RET Specification Release 6
Adoption of RET and TMA
Adoption of TMA in 3GPP

3GPP-RET/TMA Spec Release 7
Different HW & SW versions may be required to fulfill AISG1.1, AISG2.0 or 3GPP Standard
56

3GPP vs AISG
New SW commands
Extension of existing SW commands
Modified download sequence
Partly different parameter list for commands
Different return codes
Less room for different interpretation
Support of multi devices (RET)
Layer 2 device scan address assignment different
Improved scan behaviour
Weakness
in AISG specification eliminated
Improved system behaviour
57

Document Status Jan 2008
AISG Standard No. AISG1: Issue 1.1

=> devices in the field and new devices are running out
Standard
No. AISG v2.0
=> devices ready and are coming in the field
3GPP Release 6 (finished, just corrections)

=> 3GPP TS 25.460: "UTRAN Iuant Interface: General Aspects and Principles (V6.20)
=> 3GPP TS 25.461: "UTRAN Iuant Interface: Layer 1
(V6.50)
=> 3GPP TS 25.462: "UTRAN Iuant Interface: Signalling Transport"
(V6.51)
=> 3GPP TS 25. 463: " UTRAN Iuant Interface: Application part
(V6.70)
Release 7 (currently in work)

=> 3GPP TS 25.460: "UTRAN Iuant Interface: General Aspects and Principles (V7.10)
=> 3GPP TS 25.461: "UTRAN Iuant Interface: Layer 1
(V7.50); (V8.1.0)
=> 3GPP TS 25.462: "UTRAN Iuant Interface: Signalling Transport
(V7.40)
=> 3GPP TS 25. 466: " UTRAN Iuant Interface: Application part
(V7.30); (V8.2.0)
58

Known differences: AISG2.0 and 3GPP-Rel7 / Status Jan 2008
Layer1
Issue
AISG 2.0
3GPP Rel7
RS485
bus termination + connector + pinning
not defined
PowerOn
TMA data retained after power ON (Mode,

Gain, Add Data, User Data
not stated
Layer 2
Issue
AISG 2.0
3GPP Rel7
3GPP Release ID
PI5 = 6 (due to reference) or 7
PI5 = 7
AISG Protocol Version
PI20 = 2
PI20 not supported
Substance Version
PI21
PI21 not supported
59

Known differences: AISG2.0 and 3GPP-Rel7 / Jan 2008
Layer 7
Issue
AISG 2.0
3GPP Rel7
TMA SetMode return code description
Chapter 8.4.1. :
Major+MinorTMAFault in bypass
and set to normal is received
Chapter 6.8.1. : Major+MinorTMAFault

and set to normal is received and not
possible to set
TMASetGain/TMAGetGain
Chapter 8.4.4 + 8.4.5

MinorTMAFault/MajorTMAFault with
description
Chapter 6.8.4 + 6.8.5

MinorTMAFault/MajorTMAFault without
description
Procedure message interpretation:

disregarded multi device messages
no statement
Chapter 6.2.2.
Procedure TMAGetSupported
NonLinearGainValues
not included
procedure <4 with subunit field shall be

disregarded
optional procedure
60

Compatibility of Standards
Item
AISG 1.0
AISG 1.1
3GPP
AISG2.0
Voltage
12V / 24V /-48 V
12V / 24V/-48V
10-30V
10-30V,12Vopt.,-48V opt.
Pinout
12V, 24V,RS485,ground
12V,24V,RS485,ground
no pinout
10-30V pin
Hardware
clarification RS485a/b
Ramp Up Current
Spectrum Mask
no definition
no definition
Charge (C)
Definition 9kHz-30MHz
12V,RS485, ground
charge 0.5 uF,
charge 0.5 uF/0.4 A
0.4 A
charge 0.5 uF/1 A (TMA)
Definition
reference 3GPP
9kHz-3GHz
TMA ?
Stronger
requirements
Data rates
9.6-115 kBit/s
9.6 - 115 kBit/s
9.6 - 115 kBit/s
9.6 - 115 kBit/s
parallel operation allowed
parallel operation
reference to 3GPP
Software
Bootloader
Commands
course Definition
improved definition
changed DL
DL procedure
DL procedure
procedure
defined
device scan defined
device scan small
reference to 3GPP
changes (XID-Frame)
additional TMA
61
redefined error codes,
RET Remote Electrical Tilt
TMA Tower Mounted Amplifier
Vertical cut
Standard
AISG1.1
AISG2.0
3GPP
Standard
AISG1.1
AISG2.0
Release 6
RET
defined
YES
YES
YES
Release 7
TMA
defined
not compatible
Compatibility*)
*) Standard compatibility given in layer 2 and 7
3GPP
YES
YES
YES
not compatible
compatible
Compatibility*)
compatible
62
RAB Remote Azimuth Beamwidth
RAS Remote Azimuth Steering
Horizontal cut
Standard
RAB
defined ?
Compatibility*)
AISG1.1
NO
AISG2.0
3GPP
Extension
v2.1.0
Release 6
Release 7
YES
not compatible
NO
Standard
RAS
defined ?
Compatibility*)
AISG1.1
NO
AISG2.0
3GPP
Extension
v2.1.0
Release 6
Release 7
YES
NO
not compatible
63

CAD Compound Antenna Device
CAD
Possible further future device types in AISG
RET
RAS
AAS
Power Sensor
GPS
VSWR
Temperature Sensor
TMA
Standard
CAD
defined ?
Compatibility*)
AISG1.1
NO
AISG2.0
3GPP
Extension
Release 6
Release 7
Not
finalized
not compatible
NO
Standard
AISG1.1
RAS
defined ?
NO
Compatibility*)
Not
defined
AISG2.0
3GPP
Extension
Release 6
Release 7
in
discussion
NO
Not
defined
64

Ranking UMTS/WCDMA
65

Ranking UMTS/WCDMA
66

Ranking - RET Components
3. Antenna System Manager (ASM)

~ 10 licenses
67
Interoperability
RET-System Interoperability
Different products / vendors

connected to same bus
75
Interoperability
Situation
standard to ensure basic interoperability on antenna
line products from different manufacturers.
but
This standard allows a certain diversity of interpretation, and
therefore does not guarantee the interoperability and reliable
operation of mixed vendor systems.
Consequence
Intensive IOTs have been carried out and will continue to be
carried out in the future. Any test results can only be interpreted
as an interoperability snapshot of the versions available during
testing.
76
Interoperability
AISG System Interoperability Test
Layer 1 compliance testing
Connectors, power supply, Baud

rate, current consumption,
lightning protection...
Physical problems over the
transmission line (RET cable)
Impact to the logical channel
Interaction between devices in
the AISG communication system

Data link layer is based on a
subset of HDLC
Frame types: I, RR, SNRM,
XID...
Test of polling mechanism in
terms of timing and expected
responses

Application layer:
global mandatory commands,
global optional commands,
device specific commands
Purpose: To ensure basic interoperability of RET equipment

77
Interoperability
AISG compatibility testing can be divided into three main categories
Basic interoperability
configuration testing:
Extended interoperability
testing
Multiple device
and limit testing
Identifies the principle interoperability of one CCU with one RCU
Identifies the operation of alarm

functions and optional user specific
features of one CCU and one RCU
Indicates the possibility of

multiple device operation,
the limits of the configurations
and max. cable length
Star configuration
Combined Star/Daisy Chain
Daisy Chain Configuration
Identification and Device Scan test

Address Allocation
RET Device Data Allocation
RET Calibration Procedure
RET Set Tilt Procedure
LOC - Basic Interoperability test
TMA/LOC Basic Interoperability test
Alarm during RET calibration

Alarm during RET Set tilt proc.
Start up behaviour
Power interruption
Software update
LOC test
LOC / TMA test
Third party secondary devices are considered only in terms of its functional behaviour specified in
the AISG standard, not of its individual technical specification/implementation.
78
Interoperability
79
Kathrein online
For english news, data sheets, catalogues please check our webside:
www.kathrein.de
/en/mca/index.htm
Thank you for participation.
80

Kathrein S Remote Electrical Tilt System RET

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Kathreins Remote Electrical Tilt System (RET)

Solutions for different phases

Remote Electrical Tilt (RET) Basic

Remote Electrical Tilt (RET) Basic

Big difference of mobile networks of 3rd generation (WCDMA) :

WCDMA is a dynamic network with variable cell sizes !

Different networkplanning compared to GSM

Downtilt in GSM Systems

Downtilting of the vertical pattern reduces the radiated power

adjustable electrical downtilt

Power control and cell breathing

The network planners aim at a continuous coverage but with a minimum

rush hour coverage (specific high traffic spots)

Remote Electrical Tilt (RET) Basic

Remote Electrical Tilt (RET)

upgrading can be carried out also with

decision for appliance can be postponed

further reduced number of versions

Remote Control Unit

Easy attachment via a robust 42 mm thread

Excellent lightning and EMC protection:

Integrated electronic for safe operation :

Powerfull motor with low power consumption :

Just one RCU version for all antenna types

Remote electrical tilt

Phase 1 : Temporary local control

Phase 2 : Permanent control from an operation center e.g. the OMC

Remote electrical tilt

Phase 1 : Temporary local control

Remote electrical tilt

Access to change the downtilt angle on site from

- downtilt angle adaptation to network changes

Remote electrical tilt

Antenna line configuration

Antennas equipped with RCUs

RCUs connected via additional cable and splitter or

Performance of the PCA (via laptop):

Interfaces and Signalling

Remote electrical tilt

Phase 2 : Permanent control from an operation center e.g. the OMC

Remote electrical tilt

Central remote controlling

Connection between the Operational Maintenance Center (OMC) and the

Remote electrical tilt

Central control unit

Remote electrical tilt

Outdoor wall or mast mounted CCU

Remote electrical tilt

Link CCU - RCU

Instead of the PCA a central control unit (CCU) is

No need for a modification of the RCU connection

CCU offers the control of a TMA with integrated

Local Control via Internet Browser

Using the Browser Functionality

Remote electrical tilt

The CCU acts as a web server with

The appearing website contains all

no separate software is required,

all AISG devices can be controlled:

Remote electrical tilt

HTML solution via browser

for DT angle information the refering CCU has to be contacted

no reference to site names