~

NUMBER SYSTEM m
16. Rational Number
A number is rational if and only if its decimal representation is terminating or non-terminating
but recurring. .
For example, 1·75,2·25,3·1825,1·333 ... ,4·1242424 ... are rational numbers.
17. Irrational Number A number is irrational if and only if its decimal representation is non-terminating and non repeating.
For example, 1·314738 ... r 2·432105624 .... r .fi, 13, - 1 5 1,1 : • •are
•. irrational numbers.
18. Real Numbers Rational numbers and irrational numbers taken together form real numbers.
19. Negative of an irrational number is also an irrational number. 5, The sum of two irrational numbers is not always an
irrational number.
20. The sum of a non-zero rational number and an irrational number is always an irrational number.
21. The product oftwo irrational numbers is not always an irrational number.
22. The product of a non-zero rational number with an irrational number is always an irrational number.
23. There are an infinite number of rational (irrational) numbers between two rational (or irrational) numbers.
24. For any real number a, we have la l=aifa~O
and I a I = - a if a < 0
I a I is called absolute valueof a.
25.I a I = I -a I = a for a positive real number a.
12. I x I : s ;a=>- a: s ;x : s ;a
and Ix I ; : :a: => x ~ a or x :s ; a.
-
26. Laws of irrational numbers
I J / XJ~
(i) I J / Xi f Y= !ifX Y i f Y= ~y
(ii)

(iii) m ~= m ifX= ''fij; (io) /IV ;;= I/I~

27. The two irrational numbers whose product is a rational number, are called rationalising factor
1 of each other. For example, a - .J bis called rationalising factor of a + .J b Similarly,
. 2 1 is a
2 ra tionlising factor of 2'3.
1
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----
--~
.-- _
.----

-~-
~
28. Rational Number
A number is rational if and only if its decimal representation is terminating or non-terrninatin
but recurring. .
For example, 1·75,2·25,3·1825,1·333 ... ,4·1242424 ... are rational numbers.
29. Irrational Number A number is irrational if and only if its decimal representation is non-terminating and non repeating.
For example, 1·314738 ... r 2·432105624 .... r .fi, 13, - 1 5 1,1 : • •are
•. irrational numbers.
30. Real Numbers Rational numbers and irrational numbers taken together form real numbers.
31. Negative of an irrational number is also an irrational number. 5, The sum of two irrational numbers is not always an
irrational number.
32. The sum of a non-zero rational number and an irrational number is always an irrational number
33. The product oftwo irrational numbers is not always an irrational number.
34. The product of a non-zero rational number with an irrational number is always an irrationa number.
35. There are an infinite number of rational (irrational) numbers between two rational (or irrational numbers.
36. For any real number a, we have la l=aifa~O
and I a I = - a if a < 0
I a I is called absolute valueof a.
37.I a I = I -a I = a for a positive real number a.
12. I x I : s ;a=>- a: s ;x :s ;a
and Ix I ; : :a: => x ~ a or x :s ; a.
-
 38. Laws of irrational numbers
I J / XJ~
(i) I J / Xi f Y= !ifX Y (ii)i f Y= ~y
(iii) m ~= m ifX= ''fij; (io) /IV ;;= I/I~
39. The two irrational numbers whose product is a rational number, are called rationalising facto 1 of each other. For example,
a - .J bis called rationalising factor of a + .J b Similarly,
. 2 1 is c 2 ra tionlising factor of 2'3.
1
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40. The quantities x + J Yand x - J Yare called conjugate binom ial factors.
Similarly, .J5 +.fi and
.J5 -.fi are also conjugate binomial factors.
41. Sum and product of two conjugate factors are always rational numbers.
EXERCISE 1 (A) Group A (1 mark)
1. Write a rational number between 2 and 3.
9
42. Write a rational number between 4 and 2 " '
43. Give an example of two irrational numbers whose sum is a rational number.
44. Give an example of two irrational numbers whose product is a rational number.
45. Give an example of two irrational numbers whose quotient is a rational number.
46. If a is a rational number and b is an irrational number, then what type of number is a + b?
47. If x is rational and y is an irrational number, then what type of number is xy?
1
8. What is the decimal representation of 100 ?
3
9. Write the number 4 "in the decimal form.
a
48. Write 0·25 in the b form.
49. What is the rationalising factor of .J 3-1· 1
12. Rationalise the denominator of ..fi + 1 .
1
13. Rationalise the denominator of 2 + .J 3.
1
14. Rationalise the denominator of 7 - 2 .J 3 .
1
15. Rationalise the denominator of .J 7 -1 .
Group B (2 marks)
50. Represent.J5 on a number line.
51. Show that .fi is not a rational number.
52. Prove that J3 is an irrational number.
53. Prove that .J5 - J3 is not a rational number.
54. If p q = r, v,q and r being real numbers, then show that either p and q both are rational or p and q both are irrational.
55. Write 3 rational numbers between 3 and 4.