IPASJ International Journal of Computer Science (IIJCS)

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJCS/IIJCS.htm

Email: editoriijcs@ipasj.org
ISSN 2321-5992

A Publisher for Research Motivation ........

Volume 4, Issue 8, August 2016

Automatic Color Generation Using AVR

Microcontroller
1

MankarRavindraSuresh, 2Prof.D.D.Ahire

M.E. Student, Dept.ofElectronics& Tele-Communication

Asst.Prof.Dept.ofElectronics& Tele-Communication ,MCOE&RC, Nashik,SavitribaiPhuleUnivercity of Pune.

ABSTRACT
Today automation plays an important vital role in small scale industries & also in very large industries are becoming more popular
due to their flexibility, easily interfacing and provides a cost effective solution to user. Therefore the stage has come in which, the
efforts are being made in making the computer program in systems more and more user friendly to get connect or interfaced with
our property for automation reason. The main theme of project is based on the simple working principle of how a Television
generates various colored images on a single screen. There are three primary colors that are red, green and blue. Using
proportionate percentage of these basic primary colors as concentrates can make any color or its shade. Here in our system we use a
feedback to control the adding of concentrates. We monitor the output color after proper mixing of concentrates. Our system uses a
database for various proportionate percentage of the basic primary color related to desired output color. Initially the theoretically
calculated percentage of concentrates is added to water. Then depending on the output of color sensor, the processor will control the
valves so as to add the concentrates to get the practical desired color.

Index Terms:-AVR microcontroller, color mixer module, Signal conditioning circuit.

I.INTRODUCTION
Today automation plays an important vital role in small scale industry & also in very large scale industry are being more
popular due to their flexibility, easily interfacing provides a cost effective solution to user. Therefore the stage has come in
which, the effort are being made in making the computer program system more & more user friendly to get connected or
interface our property for automation reason. With this concept in mind, we have tried to put our efforts in exploring the
technology that can be applied with ease, in system that have our day-to-day life. Our project is relevant in the area of
automation system which is truly a vital field relating to countries economy.With this concept in mind, we have tried to put
our efforts, in systems that have become a part of our day to in exploring the technology that can be applied withday life in
industries.
Our project is relevant in the area of Automation system which is truly a vital field relating to countries economy. Today the
world is moving rapidly towards automation. Be it in industries or institutions or other work areas the need of automation is
becoming essential. Lesser costof automation is also demanded now a days. Understanding the need of it in the industry
sector, domestic and daily routine, we have designed a project to automate the color making process. Although CNC
machines are available for this process, we are targeting the small-scale industries where CNC machines are just not
affordable. Even being affordable, has larger footprint, so they cannot be installed in an small scale industry. The main
theme of project is based on the simple working principle of how a Television generates various colored images on a single
screen. There are three primary colors that are red, green and blue. Using proportionate percentage of these basic primary
colors as concentrates can make any color, or its shade.
Here in our system we use a feedback to control the adding of concentrates. We monitor the output color after proper mixing
of concentrates. Our system uses a database for various proportionate percentage of the basic primary color related to
desired output color. Initially the theoretically calculated percentage of concentrates is added to water. Then depending on
the output of color sensor, the processor will control the valves so as to add the concentrates to get the practical desired
color. A computer will generates the equation which relates what percentage of concentrates must be added to water to get
desired output color. This information is stored in processor if the feedback data is not matching to that of the data given by
computer, will perform control task until the LDR reads the desired output color intensity.

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IPASJ International Journal of Computer Science (IIJCS)

A Publisher for Research Motivation ........

Volume 4, Issue 8, August 2016

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJCS/IIJCS.htm

Email: editoriijcs@ipasj.org
ISSN 2321-5992

II.EXISTINGSYSTEM
A.RELATED WORK
Presently either manual process or CNC process is used to make a proper combination of red, green and blue colors to get
multiple shades of a particular color. Though CNC being computer controlled is far noisier and has more mechanical
movements. On the contrary our system being cost effective gives more precise and accurate out put. Also CNC occupies
larger area. Some industries uses the pneumatic valves which are manually controlled thus introducing the errors. The
present CNC machines used for color making cantbe used in small industries due to high cost, thus the use man power to
make a particular color.
Light is a narrow range of electromagnetic energy, to which the human eye is sensitive. Electromagnetic energy travels in
the form of waves, which can be described by their amplitude and frequency, or period. Normally light is described by its
wavelength, in the units of nanometers (nm). Light ranges from approximately 380nm to 780nm. Just outside this range lies
ultraviolet (below 380nm) and infrared (above 780nm). Note that it is not proper to refer to ultraviolet and infrared
radiation as light, since strictly speaking light is only radiation that we can see. Most sources usedfor illumination emit
white, or nearly, white light. Newton showed many years ago using a prism that white light is made up of contributions
from all of the visible wavelengths. The light from any source can be described in terms of the relative power at each
wavelength.
B. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COLOR GENERATOR
The project uses three inlets each for red, green and blue which are fed to the mixing container. This container has a motor
driven by 230V, 50hz conventional power supply. The container has three different light sources for red, green and blue
color. The LDR will read the reflected intensity and will convey the processor, using ADC. The processor compare this
LDR data with that given by the computer. The processor will calculate which concentrates needs to be added to the
container so as to bring the current LDR reading tothe desired value. If the processor finds that the mixture in container
does not requires any more red concentrates(may be green or blue), it will control the particular valve at the inlet specified
above since being a control system the feedback from LDR helps the system to attain the desired color.As soon as the
processor finds that the LDR reading matches one with that given by the computer it will not only stop the three valves but
will alsosound the buzzer to indicate the person who is supervising the process, that the desired color has been obtained and
the container motor can now be stooped or may be continued until it is required

Figure.Production of Color by Combining of RGB.Figure.Block Diagram of Color Generator

C. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
Part of the reason for the large community interest in the Arduino is the physical standardization. As screwy as the physical
layout is, by including a standardized expansion option, the Arduino developers allowed people to come up with their own
solutions.If developer want to replace the base Arduino board with another board that uses a different microcontroller, they
can. IIRC, someone has already built a PIC-based board that uses the Arduino form-factor. (The PIC Ardunio board doesn't
have the same form factor, but is otherwise similar.)Another reason for the success of the Arduino is in its openness -- most
of the PIC-based microcontrollers were closed; They used proprietary hardware implementations, so if you wanted to
redesign the board to better fit into a specific space, you were out of luck. They used custom firmware and proprietary
development tools, so that if we had bugs or wanted to expand the capabilities, we were out ofluck. With the Arduino, every
single piece of the puzzle is open: you can buy parts anywhere, rearrange them as you need, improve or modify the firmware
AND the development tools. we can start simple with the Arduino IDE, but you can still shift to C or Assembly anytime you
need it. Personally, they use the Arduino because it gets a lot of things 'just right': It's not too expensive, it's not locked into
proprietary tools, it's easy to start with, it's got a lot of capability, and it has a large user community, which continues to

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IPASJ International Journal of Computer Science (IIJCS)

A Publisher for Research Motivation ........

Volume 4, Issue 8, August 2016

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJCS/IIJCS.htm

Email: editoriijcs@ipasj.org
ISSN 2321-5992

expand and do neat things.(for LEDs in parallel), or Inductor based white LED drivers (for LEDs in series). Topologies
include boost regulator LED drivers, buck regulator LED drivers, buck-boost LED drivers and more. Regardless of
topology, these LED driver ICs offer the highest efficiency, lowest noise, and the smallest footprints. Other features include
integrated Schottky diodes, accurate LED current matching and multiple color generator.
E. DC MOTOR

FIGURE DC MOTOR FOR COLOUR COMBINATION

Most DC motors are normally very easy to reverse, simply changing the polarity of the DC input will reverse the direction
of the drive shaft. This changeover process can be achieved via a simple changeover switch or for remote or electronic
control, via a suitable relay. When using a switch or relay always check the contact current ratings and allow for larger
currents to be switched, as different mechanical loads and instant reverse can draw much higher currents than when the
motor is being run unloaded.Another big advantage of DC motors is that variable speed control is easy and can be achieved
with just a suitable variable resistor / rheostat or variable DC power supply. For more precise control and maximum
efficiency there are many other electronic PWM (pulse width modulation) solutions, although these tend to have added
complexity. Most DC motors are designed to exhibit the same speed and output torque in either the forward or reverse
direction. Drive shaft speeds rpm (Revs per Minute) are quoted with motor unloadedmagnitude and phase information of
Gabor wavelets; D) methods using fusion of Gabor and LBP. However, most of these works have been limited to grayscale
texture analysis. FR using color information is a relatively new research topic in the area of automatic FR. Initial works on
color FR focused on determining fixed color-component configurations (from various color spaces) suitable for FR through
empirical comparisons.Colorspace conversions in order to further obtain an enhanced FR performance. In [31], the authors
proposed an optimal conversion of color images in the color space into a monochromatic form. They developed a color
image discriminate model to find a set of optimal combination coefficients and demonstrated the usefulness of the proposed
monochromatic representation. Liu [32] proposed three new color representations, i.e.so-called uncorrelated color space, the
independent color space, and the discriminating color space.Authorin [32] shows that the later three-color representations
are effective for enhancing the FR performance, as compared with the use of color images represented in the color space. In
[20], the authors found out a common characteristic of a powerful color space for FR by analyzing the transformation
matrix of the different color spaces from the color space. In addition, based on the characteristic of powerful color spaces,
they proposed color space normalization techniques, which are able to convert weak color spaces into powerful ones, so that
better FR performance can be obtained by making use of these normalized color spaces.

II. FRAMEWORK USING COLOR LOCAL TEXTURE FEATURES

The proposed color FR framework using color local texture features consists of three major steps: color space conversion
and partition, feature extraction, and combination and classification. A face
image represented in the color space is first translated, rotated, and rescaled to a fixed template [14], yielding the
corresponding aligned face image. Subsequently, the aligned color image is converted into an image represented in another
color space. Note that not only conventional linear or nonlinear color spaces (e.g., or) but also new color spaces devised for
the purpose of FR (e.g., normalized color space proposed in [20]) can be used for color space conversion. Each of the colorcomponent images of current color model is then partitioned into local regions as suggested by [4].In the next step, texture
feature extraction is independently and separately performed on each of these local regions. Since texture features are
extracted from the local face regions obtained from different color channels, they are referred to as color local texture
features. Note that the key to FR using color information is to extract the so-called opponent texture features [25] between
each pair of twochannel wise texture features. spectral images, as well as unichrome. This allows for obtaining much more
complementary texture features for improving the FR performance, as compared with grayscale texture feature extraction,

Volume 4, Issue 8, August 2016

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IPASJ International Journal of Computer Science (IIJCS)

A Publisher for Research Motivation ........

Volume 4, Issue 8, August 2016

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJCS/IIJCS.htm

Email: editoriijcs@ipasj.org
ISSN 2321-5992

where only the luminance of an image is taken into account. Since N color locallocal region and spectral channel)are
available. we have to combine them to reach the final classification. To this end, multimodal fusion techniques [26] are
employed forintegrating multiple colors local texture features for improving the FR performance. In the following
subsections, the detailed explanation of color local texture feature extraction and combination and classification steps are
provided (For further details regarding color space conversion and partition methods, refer to [27] and [4], respectively).

III.CONCLUSION
Automation system is more advantageous than manual system related parameters are exactness of color generation, speed,
time saving, accuracy with no human error, man power etc Knowing working principle, configuration procedure & trouble
shooting techniques along with designing of logic is a key factor in industrial automation. It can be considered as the first
serious attempt to fulfill the requirements for a universal industry system. The automation standard provides a common set
of compatible services and capabilities to all industrial users. Hence it is suggested that we put in more resources to research
on new horizons as early as possible for a better faithful color generation!!

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AUTHOR
MankarRavindra Suresh, M.E. Student, Dept.ofElectronics& Tele-Communication MCOE&RC,
Nashik,SavitribaiPhuleUnivercity of Pune.

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