UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution Guide (RAN16.0 - 01) PDF

WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement

Solution
Issue
01
Date
2014-05-15
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved.

No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written
consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.
Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the
customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the
purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,
and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations
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The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address:
Huawei Industrial Base

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Email:
support@huawei.com
Issue 01 (2014-05-15)
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
WCDMA RAN
UMTS Voice Quality Improvement Solution
Contents
Contents
1 About This Document..................................................................................................................1
1.1 Scope..............................................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Intended Audience..........................................................................................................................................................1
1.3 Change History...............................................................................................................................................................1
2 Overview of Solution....................................................................................................................2
2.1 Background.....................................................................................................................................................................2
2.2 Application Scenarios.....................................................................................................................................................2
2.3 Overall Solution..............................................................................................................................................................3
3 Solution Application Guidelines...............................................................................................4

3.1 Scenario 1: HD Voice Services......................................................................................................................................4
3.1.1 Sub-Scenario 1: Common AMR-WB Scenarios (12.65 kbit/s)...................................................................................4
3.1.1.1 Scenario Description.................................................................................................................................................4
3.1.1.2 Solution Purpose.......................................................................................................................................................5
3.1.1.3 Solution Description.................................................................................................................................................5
3.1.1.4 Implementation.........................................................................................................................................................6
3.1.2 Sub-Scenario 2: Optimized AMR-WB Scenarios (23.85 kbit/s).................................................................................6
3.1.2.1 Scenario Description.................................................................................................................................................6
3.1.2.2 Solution Purpose.......................................................................................................................................................6
3.1.2.3 Solution Description.................................................................................................................................................7
3.1.2.4 Implementation.........................................................................................................................................................8
3.2 Scenario 2: Optimal Voice Experience...........................................................................................................................8
3.2.1 Scenario Description....................................................................................................................................................8
3.2.2 Solution Purpose..........................................................................................................................................................8
3.2.3 Solution Description....................................................................................................................................................8
3.2.4 Implementation............................................................................................................................................................9
3.3 Scenario 3: Fast Voice Service Establishment...............................................................................................................9
3.3.1 Scenario Description....................................................................................................................................................9
3.3.2 Solution Purpose..........................................................................................................................................................9
3.3.3 Solution Description..................................................................................................................................................10
3.3.4 Implementation..........................................................................................................................................................11
3.4 Scenario 4: Speech Quality Assessment, Test, and Maintenance................................................................................11
3.4.1 Scenario Description..................................................................................................................................................11
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Contents
3.4.2 Solution Purpose........................................................................................................................................................11

3.4.3 Solution Description..................................................................................................................................................11
3.4.4 Implementation..........................................................................................................................................................12
4 List of Features Involved in Solution......................................................................................13

5 Acronyms and Abbreviations...................................................................................................14
6 Reference Documents.................................................................................................................15
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1 About This Document
About This Document
1.1 Scope
This document describes voice quality improvement solutions for different application scenarios
in UMTS networks.
The purpose of this document is to help customers choose the appropriate feature or feature
combination based on different network deployment scenarios. The technical principles,
deployment, and activation of each feature will not be described in this document and will be
included in the corresponding feature parameter description.
1.2 Intended Audience

This document is intended for personnel who:
l
Need to understand voice quality improvement solutions
Work with Huawei products
1.3 Change History

This section provides information on the changes in different document versions.
Issue 01 (2014-05-15)

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2 Overview of Solution
Overview of Solution
2.1 Background
As the most basic and important services in mobile networks, voice services are in constant
evolution and development. In the MBB era, the UMTS network is the basic bearer network for
voice services, and requirements on user experience continue to increase sharply.
As the penetration rate of intelligent terminals that support AMR-WB services increases, the
application of AMR-WB services becomes the trend. Compared with the AMR-NB technique,
the AMR-WB technique significantly improves voice quality.
In addition to AMR-WB services, the voice quality improvement solution improves the mean
opinion score (MOS), reduces the access delay, and provides optimum voice quality for users.
2.2 Application Scenarios

Voice services are basic services of the UMTS network and are widely deployed. The voice
quality improvement solution is mainly used in the following scenarios:
l
Scenario 1: high-definition (HD) voice services

AMR-WB services are supported in this scenario. This scenario can be further divided into
common AMR-WB scenarios (12.65 kbit/s) and optimized AMR-WB scenarios (23.85
kbit/s). In the first sub-scenario, users can enjoy the basic benefits brought by AMR-WB
services. In the second sub-scenario, certain features must be enabled to ensure an optimum
user experience.
Scenario 2: optimal voice experience

In common or weak coverage areas, differentiated processing is performed on UEs
performing AMR services. Implementation is based on power control and Parallel List
Viterbi Algorithm (PLVA) to increase the MOS.
Scenario 3: fast voice service establishment

Access delay in voice services greatly affects user experience. This solution reduces the
access delay by means such as procedure optimization and signaling bearing optimization.
l
Issue 01 (2014-05-15)
Scenario 4: speech quality assessment, test, and maintenance

WCDMA RAN
2 Overview of Solution
This solution assesses, tests, and maintains speech quality. In addition, it also determines
whether garbled voices occur and locates these voices if they occur.
2.3 Overall Solution

Specific features or feature combinations can be selected to suit various types of network
deployment scenarios. The following table lists the different feature and function selections in
implementing the voice quality improvement solution.
Application Scenario
Features and Functions Included In the

Solution
HD voice services
WRFD-010613 AMR-WB (Adaptive Multi

Rate Wide Band)
WRFD-011600 TFO/TrFO
WRFD-020701 AMR/WB-AMR Speech
Rates Control
Optimal voice experience
WRFD-140201 AMR Voice Quality

Improvement Based on PLVA
WRFD-160204 CS Voice Precise Power
Control
Fast voice service establishment
WRFD-160106 Fast Radio Bearer Setup

Adaptive SRB rate
Speech quality assessment, test, and

maintenance
Issue 01 (2014-05-15)
WRFD-160102 Garbled Voice Detection and

Correction for AMR Services

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3 Solution Application Guidelines
Solution Application Guidelines
3.1 Scenario 1: HD Voice Services

HD voice services refer to AMR-WB services. The AMR-WB technique is applied to expand
the usable frequency band from 300-3400 Hz (supported by AMR-NB) to 50-7000 Hz. The
added low band of 50-300 Hz makes voices sound more natural and comfortable to listen to
while the added high band of 3400-7000 Hz makes voices clearer.
HD voice services can be further divided into common AMR-WB (12.65 kbit/s) and optimized
AMR-WB (23.85 kbit/s) based on the commonly used maximum rate.
3.1.1 Sub-Scenario 1: Common AMR-WB Scenarios (12.65 kbit/s)

3.1.1.1 Scenario Description
In Common AMR-WB scenarios (12.65 kbit/s), the CN supports AMR-WB services and the
maximum rate of AMR-WB services is 12.65 kbit/s. In this scenario, the CN supports only rate
sets 0 and 1 in table below.
Table 3-1 Rate sets supported by AMR-WB
Issue 01 (2014-05-15)
Setting
Rate Set 0
Rate Set 1
Rate Set 2
Rate Set 3
Rate Set 4
Rate Set 5
23.85 kbit/
s
15.85 kbit/
s
12.65 kbit/
s
8.85 kbit/s
6.6 kbit/s

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Setting
Rate Set 0
Rate Set 1
Rate Set 2
Rate Set 3
Rate Set 4
Rate Set 5
OM
NOTE
1 indicates that a rate set contains the rate. - indicates that a rate set does not contain the rate.
In the OM row, A indicates that the TFO/TrFO mechanism is allowed to automatically optimize and modify
the rate set during TFO/TrFO negotiation. F indicates that the optimization and modification are not
allowed. Usually, F is used.
3.1.1.2 Solution Purpose

The solution for common AMR-WB (12.65 kbit/s) increases the MOS without sacrificing cell
coverage or capacity. This solution contains only one feature and is easy to deploy.
3.1.1.3 Solution Description

List of Features Involved in the Solution
The following table lists the features involved in the solution for scenarios of 12.65 kbit/s AMRWB services.
Table 3-2 List of features involved in the solution for scenarios of 12.65 kbit/s AMR-WB
services
Feature ID
Feature
Name
Introduced in
Reference Document
WRFD-0106
13
AMR-WB
(Adaptive
Multi Rate
Wide Band)
RAN6.0
AMR Feature Parameter

Description
Description of Features Involved in the Solution

The following table describes the features involved in the solution for scenarios of 12.65 kbit/s
AMR-WB services.
Table 3-3 Descriptions of features involved in the solution for scenarios of 12.65 kbit/s AMRWB services
Issue 01 (2014-05-15)
Feature ID
Feature Name
Feature Description
WRFD-010613
AMR-WB (Adaptive
Multi Rate Wide Band)
This feature provides AMR-WB services.

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3.1.1.4 Implementation
Deployment and activation of each feature will not be described in this document and will be
included in the corresponding feature parameter description.
3.1.2 Sub-Scenario 2: Optimized AMR-WB Scenarios (23.85 kbit/s)

3.1.2.1 Scenario Description
In optimized AMR-WB scenarios (23.85 kbit/s), the CN supports AMR-WB services and the
maximum rate of AMR-WB services is 23.85 kbit/s. In this scenario, the CN supports only rate
sets 4 and 5 in table below.
Table 3-4 Rate sets supported by AMR-WB
Setting
Rate Set 0
Rate Set 1
Rate Set 2
Rate Set 3
Rate Set 4
Rate Set 5
23.85 kbit/
s
15.85 kbit/
s
12.65 kbit/
s
8.85 kbit/s
6.6 kbit/s
OM
NOTE
1 indicates that a rate set contains the rate. - indicates that a rate set does not contain the rate.
In the OM row, A indicates that the TFO/TrFO mechanism is allowed to automatically optimize and modify
the rate set during TFO/TrFO negotiation. F indicates that the optimization and modification are not
allowed. Usually, F is used.
3.1.2.2 Solution Purpose

Compared with the cell coverage and capacity for 12.2 kbit/s AMR-NB services, the cell
coverage and capacity for 23.85 kbit/s AMR-WB services are much smaller because 23.85 kbit/
s AMR-WB services consume more code and power resources. With AMRC, the cell coverage
is enlarged and congestion is relieved when the uplink coverage is limited, or the downlink code
or power resources are insufficient. With TFO/TrFO, the optimum voice quality is ensured.
Therefore, with the solution for optimized AMR-WB scenarios, the voice quality of 23.85 kbit/
s AMR-WB services is improved, and the cell coverage and capacity for 23.85 kbit/s AMR-WB
services are increased to the same level as those for 12.2 kbit/s AMR-NB services.
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3.1.2.3 Solution Description

The following table lists the features involved in the solution for scenarios of 23.85 kbit/s AMRWB services.
Table 3-5 List of features involved in the solution for scenarios of 23.85 kbit/s AMR-WB
services
Feature ID
Feature
Name
Introduced in
Reference Document
WRFD-0106
13
AMR-WB
(Adaptive
Multi Rate
Wide Band)
RAN6.0

Description
WRFD-0116
00
TFO/TrFO
RAN3.0

Description
WRFD-0207
01
AMR/WBAMR Speech
Rates Control
RAN2.0

Description

The following table describes the features involved in the solution for scenarios of 23.85 kbit/s
AMR-WB services.
Table 3-6 Descriptions of features involved in the solution for scenarios of 23.85 kbit/s AMRWB services
Issue 01 (2014-05-15)
Feature ID
Feature Name
Feature Description
WRFD-010613
AMR-WB (Adaptive
This feature provides AMR-WB services.
WRFD-011600
TFO/TrFO
This feature helps reduce the signal loss in

speech coding/decoding and therefore
improves the MOS of AMR-WB services.
WRFD-020701
AMR/WB-AMR Speech
Rates Control
With this feature, the rate of AMR-WB

services can be adjusted gradually. In weak
coverage areas, decreasing the rate
improves the MOS of services and
decreases the call drop rate. In scenarios
where resources are congested, rate
adjustment and reconfiguration help relieve
the congestion and provide better voice
services.

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3.1.2.4 Implementation
included in the corresponding feature parameter description. This section describes basic
configuration requirements for different feature combinations.
The features and functions involved in this solution are independent of each other and can be
enabled at the same time.
3.2 Scenario 2: Optimal Voice Experience

3.2.1 Scenario Description
This solution improves the MOS of AMR-NB or AMR-WB services.
3.2.2 Solution Purpose

The average block error rate (BLER) is about 1% in the UMTS network. In some weak coverage
areas, the BLER may be higher than 5%, which leads to a low MOS (less than 3) and severely
degrades the user experience. This solution aims to reduce the BLER over the Uu interface for
voice services by improving the performance of voice channels and eventually improve the
MOS.
3.2.3 Solution Description

This solution improves speech decoding and power control performance, which therefore
reduces the BLER in the uplink without increasing the UE transmit power.

The following table lists the features involved in the solution for scenarios of enhanced MOS.
Table 3-7 List of features involved in the solution for scenarios of enhanced MOS
Issue 01 (2014-05-15)
Feature ID
Feature
Name
Introduced in
Reference Document
WRFD-1402
01
AMR Voice
Quality
Improvement
Based on
PLVA
RAN14.0
AMR Voice Quality Improvement

Based on PLVA Feature
Parameter Description
WRFD-1602
04
CS Voice
Precise
Power
Control
RAN16.0
CS Voice Precise Power Control

Feature Parameter Description

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The following table describes the features involved in the solution for scenarios of enhanced
MOS.
Table 3-8 Descriptions of the features involved in the solution for scenarios of enhanced MOS
Feature ID
Feature Name
Feature Description
WRFD-140201
AMR Voice Quality

Improvement Based on
PLVA
This feature helps improve the decoding

performance of voice frames in the uplink
and reduces the BLER for voice frames in
the uplink. There are many bit errors in
voice frames in weak coverage areas and
this feature can correct these bit errors.
WRFD-160204
CS Voice Precise Power

Control
This feature adjusts and controls the uplink

transmit power of UEs according to changes
of the channel environment and quality of
received signals, thereby reducing the
BLER for voice frames in the uplink.
3.2.4 Implementation
The features and functions involved in this solution are independent of each other. To ensure
better user experience, it is recommended that these features and functions be enabled at the
same time. These features and functions apply to different areas and have different dependencies
on the hardware. In well-covered areas such as the cell center, AMR Voice Quality Improvement
Based on PLVA and CS Voice Precise Power Control provide greater gains.
3.3 Scenario 3: Fast Voice Service Establishment

When a UE in the UMTS network initiates a voice service, this solution reduces the end-to-end
access delay. That is, the calling party hears the ring earlier.

This solution reduces the service access delay using the following functions during service
establishment: fast radio bearer (RB) establishment and adaptive SRB rate.
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This solution reduces the end-to-end access delay using functions/features unique to Huawei. It
implements fast voice service establishment without sacrificing the service setup success rate.
l
Procedure optimization: Asynchronous reconfiguration is used during RB setups. This

shortens the RB setup duration and reduces the access delay for voice services.
Signaling bearer: After the function of adaptive SRB rate is enabled, during the access
procedure, signaling rates of UEs in well-covered areas are improved when signaling is
carried over dedicated channels. Signaling rates of UEs are adaptively adjusted based on
the signal quality in places where UEs are located. In this way, user experience in wellcovered areas is improved without sacrificing the service setup success rate.
It is recommended that the preceding three functions/features be enabled to ensure better user
experience.

Table 3-9 The following table lists the features involved in the solution for fast voice service
establishment. Features involved in the solution for fast voice service establishment
Feature ID
Feature Name
Introduced in
Reference Documentation
WRFD-1601
06
Fast Radio Bearer

Setup
RAN16.0
Fast Radio Bearer Setup Feature

None
Adaptive SRB
rate
RAN16.0
Radio Bears Feature Parameter

Description
Descriptions of Features Involved in the Solution

The following table describes the features involved in the solution for fast voice service
establishment.
Table 3-10 Descriptions of the features involved in the solution for fast voice service
establishment
Issue 01 (2014-05-15)
Feature ID
Feature Name
Feature Description
WRFD-160106
Fast Radio Bearer Setup
With this feature, asynchronous

reconfiguration is used during RB setups.
This shortens the RB setup duration and
reduces the access delay for voice services.
NA
Adaptive SRB rate
With this function, signaling rates of UEs

are adaptively adjusted based on the signal
quality in places where UEs are located. In
this way, user experience in well-covered
areas is improved without sacrificing the
service setup success rate.

10
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The features and functions involved in this solution are independent of each other and can be
enabled at the same time.
3.4 Scenario 4: Speech Quality Assessment, Test, and

Maintenance
A mechanism is required to assess, test, and maintain the speech quality of voice services in
UMTS networks.

This solution assesses, tests, and maintains speech quality. In addition, it also determines whether
garbled voices occur and locates these voices if they occur.

Garbled Noise Detection and Correction of AMR Voice is used in this solution to detect and
correct garbled voices caused by inconsistent settings for encryption parameters.

The following table lists the feature involved in the solution for speech quality assessment, test,
and maintenance.
Table 3-11 Feature involved in the solution for speech quality assessment, test, and
maintenance
Feature ID
Feature Name
Introduced in
Reference Documentation
WRFD-160102
Garbled Noise
Detection and
Correction of
AMR Voice
RAN16.0
Garbled Noise Detection and

Correction of AMR Voice
Feature Parameter Description
Descriptions of Features Involved in the Solution

The following table describes the feature involved in the solution for speech quality assessment,
test, and maintenance.
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11
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Table 3-12 Descriptions of the feature involved in the solution for speech quality assessment,
test, and maintenance
Feature ID
Feature Name
Feature Description
WRFD-160102
Garbled Noise Detection

and Correction of AMR
Voice
For AMR-WB and AMR-NB services,

inconsistent settings for encryption
parameters cause garbled voices, greatly
affecting user experience. With this
feature, the RNC can detect and correct
garbled voices in the uplink or downlink.
For details about the deployment and activation of this feature, see the corresponding feature
parameter description.
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12
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4 List of Features Involved in Solution
List of Features Involved in Solution
Feature ID
Feature Name
Introduced
in
Reference Document
WRFD-010613
AMR-WB (Adaptive
RAN6.0
AMR Feature Parameter Description
WRFD-011600
TFO/TrFO
RAN3.0
WRFD-020701
AMR/WB-AMR Speech
Rates Control
RAN2.0
WRFD-140201
AMR Voice Quality

Improvement Based on
PLVA
RAN14.0
AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based on

PLVA Feature Parameter Description
WRFD-160204
CS Voice Precise Power

Control
RAN16.0
CS Voice Precise Power Control Feature

WRFD-160106
Fast Radio Bearer Setup
RAN16.0
Fast Radio Bearer Setup Feature Parameter

Description
NA
Adaptive SRB rate
RAN16.0
Radio Bears Feature Parameter Description
WRFD-160102
Garbled Noise Detection

and Correction of AMR
Voice
RAN16.0
Garbled Noise Detection and Correction of

AMR Voice Feature Parameter Description
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13
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Issue 01 (2014-05-15)
5 Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronym and
Abbreviation
Full Name
HD
High Definition
AMR-WB
Adaptive Multirate Wide Band
AMR-NB
Adaptive Multirate Narrow Band
MOS
Mean Opinion Score
PLVA
Parallel List Viterbi Algorithm
CN
Core Network
TFO/TrFO
Tandem Free Operation/Transcoder Free Operation
AMRC
AMR Rate Control
LDR
Load Reshuffling
BLER
Block Error Rate
RSCP
Received Signal Code Power
UE
User Equipment
UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

14
WCDMA RAN
6 Reference Documents
Reference Documents
1.
2.
AMR Voice Quality Improvement Based on PLVA Feature Parameter Description
3.
CS Voice Precise Power Control Feature Parameter Description
4.
Fast Radio Bearer Setup Feature Parameter Description
5.
Procedure Optimization Feature Parameter Description
6.
Radio Bears Feature Parameter Description
7.
Garbled Noise Detection and Correction of AMR Voice Feature Parameter Description
8.
Issue 01 (2014-05-15)

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UMTS Voice Quality Improvement

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved.

Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei Industrial Base

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

3 Solution Application Guidelines...............................................................................................4

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

3.4.2 Solution Purpose........................................................................................................................................................11

4 List of Features Involved in Solution......................................................................................13

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

1 About This Document

About This Document

1.2 Intended Audience

Need to understand voice quality improvement solutions

Work with Huawei products

1.3 Change History

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

2.2 Application Scenarios

Scenario 1: high-definition (HD) voice services

Scenario 2: optimal voice experience

Scenario 3: fast voice service establishment

Scenario 4: speech quality assessment, test, and maintenance

2.3 Overall Solution

Features and Functions Included In the

WRFD-010613 AMR-WB (Adaptive Multi

Optimal voice experience

WRFD-140201 AMR Voice Quality

Fast voice service establishment

WRFD-160106 Fast Radio Bearer Setup

Speech quality assessment, test, and

WRFD-160102 Garbled Voice Detection and

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

3 Solution Application Guidelines

Solution Application Guidelines

3.1 Scenario 1: HD Voice Services

3.1.1 Sub-Scenario 1: Common AMR-WB Scenarios (12.65 kbit/s)

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

3 Solution Application Guidelines

3.1.1.2 Solution Purpose

3.1.1.3 Solution Description

AMR Feature Parameter

Description of Features Involved in the Solution

This feature provides AMR-WB services.

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

3 Solution Application Guidelines

3.1.2 Sub-Scenario 2: Optimized AMR-WB Scenarios (23.85 kbit/s)

3.1.2.2 Solution Purpose

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3 Solution Application Guidelines

3.1.2.3 Solution Description

AMR Feature Parameter

AMR Feature Parameter

AMR Feature Parameter

Description of Features Involved in the Solution

This feature provides AMR-WB services.

This feature helps reduce the signal loss in

With this feature, the rate of AMR-WB

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3 Solution Application Guidelines

3.2 Scenario 2: Optimal Voice Experience