CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: Introduction to 220 KV GSS, I.G. NAGAR Jaipur

1-4

1.1 General Introduction of GSS

1.2 220 KV GSS I.G. Nagar

1.2.1 Introduction

1.2.2 Incoming Feeders

1.2.3 Outgoing Feeders

1.3 R.R.V.P.N.L

1.3.1 Introduction

1.3.2 Duties and Responsibilities

CHAPTER 2: Lightning Arrester

5-9

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Lightning Strokes and over- voltages

2.2.1 Direct Strokes

2.2.2 Indirect strokes

2.3 Types of a lightning arrester

2.3.1 Rod gap or Sphere gap

2.3.2 Expulsion Type

2.3.2 Valve Type

2.4 General Rating recommendation of Lightning Arrester

2.5 Location of lightning Arrester

CHAPTER 3: Bus Bars

3.1 Introduction

10-12
10

3.2 Bus bar arrangement used by R.R.V.P.N.L

11

3.2.1 Single Bus bar arrangement

11

3.2.2 Double Bus bar arrangement

11

3.2.3 Double Bus bar arrangement with auxiliary bus

12

CHAPTER 4: Insulator

13-15

4.1 Introduction

13

4.2 Types of Insulator

13

4.2.1 Pin type

13

4.2.2 Suspension type

14

4.2.3 Shackle type

14

4.2.4 Strain type

15

CHAPTER 5: Isolator

16-18

5.1 Introduction

16

5.2 Operation

17

5.3 Control

17

5.4 Auxiliary Switch

17

5.4.1 Make Before and Break After Contacts

17

5.5 Arcing Horns

18

5.6 Interlocking

18

CHAPTER 6: Circuit Breaker

19-24

6.1 Introduction

19

6.2 various types of circuit breaker

19

6.2.1 SF6 Circuit Breaker

20

6.2.2 Air Blast Circuit Breaker

20

6.2.3 Bulk Oil Circuit Breaker

22

6.2.4 Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker

23

CHAPTER 7: Protective Relays

25-28

7.1 Introduction

25

7.2 Basic requirement of protective relay

25

7.3 Types of Relay

26

7.3.1 Overcurrent Relay

26

7.3.2 Overvoltage Relay

26

7.3.3 I.D.M.T Relay

27

7.3.4 Earth fault Relay

27

7.3.5 Differential Relay

27

7.3.6 Distance Relay

27

CHAPTER 8: Power transformer

29-33

8.1 Introduction

29

8.2 Windings

29

8.3 Tanks and Fittings

30

8.4 Cooling Equipment

31

8.5 Transformer Accessories

31

8.5.1 Buchholz Relay

31

8.5.2 Temperature indicator

32

8.5.3 Silica gel breather

33

8.5.4 Conservator

33

8.6 Power transformer rating

34

CHAPTER 9: Instrument Transformer

35-38

9.1 Introduction

35

9.2 Types of Transformer

35

9.2.1 Current transformer

35

9.2.2 Potential transformer

36

CHAPTER 10: Control Room & Battery Room

10.1 Control Room

39-43
39

10.1.1 Introduction

39

10.1.2 Announcing Section

39

10.1.3 Control & Relay panel

39

10.1.4 Event Logger

40

10.1.5 SCADA

40

10.1.6 Scanning & indication

40

10.1.7 CRT display

41

10.1.8 Indicating System

41

10.1.9 Relay section

41

10.1.10 Master relay

41

10.1.11 Meter Section

41

10.1.12 Measuring instrument used

41

10.2 Battery Room

43

10.2.1 Introduction

43

10.2.2 Advantage of storage batteries

43

CHAPTER 11: Power line carrier communication

11.1 Introduction

45-49
45

11.2 Basic Principal of PLCC

46

11.3 Wave trap

47

11.4 Advantage & Disadvantage of PLCC

47

11.4.1 Advantages

47

11.4.2 Disadvantages

48

11.5 Failure of Scenarios

48

CHAPTER 12: Earthing of System

50-51

12.1 Introduction

50

12.2 Types of Earthing

50

12.2.1 Neutral Earthing

50

12.2.2 Electrical Earthing

51

CHAPTER 13: Gas Insulated Substation

52-54

13.1 Introduction

52

13.2 Sulphur hexafluoride

53

13.3 GIS Components

54

Conclusion
Reference