M1134 Anti-Tank Guided Missile Vehicle

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

M1134 Anti-Tank Guided Missile Vehicle

A M1134 ATGM fitted with slat armor

Type

Armored personnel carrier

United States

Place of origin

Specifications
Weight

15+ t

Length

6.95 m (22 ft 10 in)

Width

2.72 m (8 ft 11 in)

Height

2.64 m (8 ft 8 in)

Crew

Armor

14.5 mm resistant[1]

Engine

Caterpillar 3126 turbo diesel

260 kW (350 hp)

Power/weight

ICV: 15.8 kW/t (19.3 hp/sh tn)

Suspension

88 wheeled

Operational

500 km (300 mi)

range
Speed

100 km/h (62 mph)[1]

M1134 Anti-Tank Guided Missile Vehicle is a US armored fighting vehicle from the Stryker family of vehicles. As
the brigade's primary tank destroyer system, the ATGM reinforces the brigade's infantry battalions, reinforces the
brigade reconnaissance squadron and provides long-range direct fires.
Contents
[hide]

1General

2Operational capability

3References

4Sources

General[edit]
The Anti-Tank Guided Missile vehicle provides an anti-armor overwatch capability that allows the Stryker Brigade
Combat Team (SBCT) to concentrate on the use of M1126 infantry carrier vehicles to deploy soldiers in a manner
that is relatively fast and protected. It is the primary tank destroyer of the SBCT, capable of defeating many armored
threats up to 4 kilometers away using the TOW missile system. The ATGM Vehicle provides standoff for the SCBT
by use of its SACLOS guided missiles, which are effective at ranges equal to or exceeding those of most
cannons, autocannons, or small arms.
The ATGM vehicles are primarily operated by an independent Infantry company assigned to each of the Stryker
brigades. In the 2nd and 3rd Stryker Cavalry Regiments, O Troop is part of the Regimental RSTA Squadron.

51st Infantry Regiment

F Company: 1st Brigade, 1st Armored Division

52nd Infantry Regiment

A Company: 2nd Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division

B Company: 2nd Brigade, 25th Infantry Division

C Company: 3rd Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division

D Company: 1st Brigade, 25th Infantry Division

F Company: 4th Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division

112th Infantry Regiment

D Company: 56th Brigade, 28th Infantry Division, Pennsylvania Army National Guard

Operational capability[edit]

The ATGM is based on the ICV platform due to the close parallels of operational requirements and battlefield
capabilities between the two systems. The ATGM is an organic vehicle to the ICV maneuver formation and helps
maximize commonality of the platform while simultaneously reducing the maintenance footprint and variety of
logistics support.[jargon]
The ATGM MAV purpose is to provide the brigades main tank killing capability firing heavy anti-tank missiles to
defeat enemy armor at range before the enemy tanks can return fire. The intention is that the brigades separate
anti-tank company, equipped with the M1134, will reinforce the brigades infantry battalions, form part of the brigade
reserve, reinforce the brigade reconnaissance squadron in counter-reconnaissance action, and to counterattack the
enemys. This dedicated ATGM system allows the remainder of the brigades MAV fleet to be optimized for specific
capabilities that can function under the anti-tank overwatch umbrella. [jargon]

References[edit]
1.

^ Jump up to:a b "Army Fact File - Stryker". Retrieved 2008-04-16.

Sources[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has
media related to M1134
Anti-Tank Guided Missile
Vehicle.

This article incorporates work from "Anti-Tank Guided Missie Vehicle". US Army. Archived from the original on 16
May 2008. which is in the public domain as it is a work of the United States Military.

http://www.military-today.com/missiles/m1134_stryker.htm
[hide]

Stryker

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nce Vehicle

System

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Vehicle

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Guided Missile Vehicle

ogical, Chemical, Reconnaissance Vehicle

Categories:
Armored personnel carriers of the United States

Armored fighting vehicles of the United States

General Dynamics land vehicles

guided
Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Idioms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
Related to guided: Guided meditation, guided imagery, Guided missiles

guide
(gd)
n.
1.
a. One who shows the way by leading, directing, or advising.
b. One who serves as a model for others, as in a course of conduct.
2. A person employed to conduct others, as through a museum, and give information about points of interestencountered.
3.
a. Something, such as a pamphlet, that offers basic information or instruction: a shopper's guide.
b. A guidebook.
4.
a. Something that serves to direct or indicate.
b. A device, such as a ruler, tab, or bar, that serves as an indicator or acts to regulate a motion or operation.
5. A soldier stationed at the right or left of a column of marchers to control alignment, show direction, or mark thepoint of p
ivot.
v. guided, guiding, guides
v.tr.
1. To serve as a guide for; conduct.
2. To direct the course of; steer: guide a ship through a channel.
3. To exert control or influence over; direct: guided the nation through the crisis.
4. To supervise the training or education of.
v.intr.
To serve as a guide.

[Middle English, from Old French, from Old Provenal guida, from guidar, to guide, of Germanic origin; see weid- in In
do-European roots.]

guidable adj.
guider n.
Synonyms: guide, lead1, pilot, shepherd, steer1, usher
These verbs mean to conduct on or direct to the way: guided me to my seat; led the troops into battle; a teacherpiloting st
udents through the zoo; shepherding tourists to the bus; steered the applicant to the third floor; ushering avisitor out.
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright 2011 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

guided
(add)
adj
1. equipped with a guidance system
2. accompanied by a guide or conducted with the help of a guidebook
Collins English Dictionary Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998,
2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
Switch to new thesaurus
Adj. 1. guided - subject to guidance or control especially after launching; "a guided missile"
unguided - not subject to guidance or control after launching; "unguided missiles"
Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.

Translations
Spanish / Espaol
Select a language:

guided
[gadd] ADJ guided missile misil m teledirigido
guided tour excursin f con gua
Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988
HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005

Is there a guided tour in English? Hay visitas guiadas en ingls?

What time does the guided tour begin? A qu hora empieza la visita guiada?

Are there any guided walks? Hay recorridos con gua?

Collins Multilingual Translator HarperCollins Publishers 2009

Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's
page for free fun content.

ground
Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Financial, Acronyms, Idioms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
Related to ground: ground control, ground zero

ground 1

(ground)
n.
1.
a. The solid surface of the earth.
b. The floor of a body of water, especially the sea.
2. Soil; earth: level the ground for a lawn.
3. often grounds An area of land designated for a particular purpose: a burial ground; parade grounds.
4. often grounds The land surrounding or forming part of a house or another building: a guesthouse on the gro
unds ofthe mansion.
5. An area or a position that is contested in or as if in battle: The soldiers held their ground against the enemy.
Character witnesses helped the defendant stand her ground in the trial.
6. Something that serves as a foundation or means of attachment for something else: a ground of white paint u
nderthe mural.
7. A surrounding area; a background.
8. often grounds The foundation for an argument, belief, or action; a basis.
9. often grounds The underlying condition prompting an action; a cause: grounds for suspicion; a ground for di
vorce.See Synonyms at base1.
10. An area of reference or discussion; a subject: The professor covered new ground in every lecture.
11. grounds
a. The sediment at or from the bottom of a liquid: coffee grounds.
b. Particles of ground coffee beans for use in making coffee for drinking.
12. Electricity
a. A large conducting body, such as the earth or an electric circuit connected to the earth, used as an arbitraryz
ero of potential.
b. A conducting object, such as a wire, that is connected to such a position of zero potential.
13. A mesh background upon which patterns are worked in lace-making.
v. grounded, grounding, grounds
v.tr.
1. To place on or cause to touch the ground.
2. To provide a basis for (a theory, for example); justify.
3. To supply with basic information; instruct in fundamentals.
4.
a. To prevent (an aircraft or a pilot) from flying.
b. Informal To restrict (someone) especially to a certain place as a punishment.
5. Electricity To connect (an electric circuit) to a ground.
6. Nautical To run (a vessel) aground.
7.
a. Baseball To hit (a ball) onto the ground.
b. Football To throw (a ball) to the ground in order to stop play and avoid being tackled behind the line ofscrim
mage.
v.intr.
1. To touch or reach the ground.
2. Baseball To hit a ground ball: grounded to the second baseman.

3. Nautical To run aground.

Phrasal Verb:
ground out Baseball
To be put out by hitting a ground ball that is fielded and thrown to first base.
Idioms:
drive/run into the ground
To belabor (an issue or a subject).
from the ground up
From the most basic level to the highest level; completely: designed the house from the ground up; learned the
familybusiness from the ground up.
off the ground
Under way, as if in flight: Because of legal difficulties, the construction project never got off the ground.
on (one's) own ground
In a situation where one has knowledge or competence: a sculptor back on her own ground after experiments
withpainting.
on the ground
At a place that is exciting, interesting, or important: a reporter who wanted to be on the ground when the story
broke.
to ground
1. Into a den or burrow: a fox going to ground.
2. Into hiding.

[Middle English, from Old English grund.]

ground 2
(ground)
v.
Past tense and past participle of grind.
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright 2011 by Houghton Mifflin
Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights
reserved.

ground
(rand)
n
1. (Physical Geography) the land surface
2. earth or soil: he dug into the ground outside his house.
3. (plural) the land around a dwelling house or other building
4. (sometimes plural) an area of land given over to a purpose: football ground; burial grounds.

5. land having a particular characteristic: level ground; high ground.

6. matter for consideration or debate; field of research or inquiry: the lecture was familiar ground to him; the re
portcovered a lot of ground.
7. a position or viewpoint, as in an argument or controversy (esp in the phrases give ground, hold, stand, or
shiftone's ground)
8. position or advantage, as in a subject or competition (esp in the phrases gain ground, lose ground, etc)
9. (often plural) reason; justification: grounds for complaint.
10. (Art Terms) arts
a. the prepared surface applied to the support of a painting, such as a wall, canvas, etc, to prevent it reactingwi
th or absorbing the paint
b. the support of a painting
c. the background of a painting or main surface against which the other parts of a work of art appearsuperimpo
sed
11. (Art Terms)
a. the first coat of paint applied to a surface
b. (as modifier): ground colour.
12. (Physical Geography) the bottom of a river or the sea
13. (plural) sediment or dregs, esp from coffee
14. (Building) chiefly Brit the floor of a room
15. (Cricket) cricket
a. the area from the popping crease back past the stumps, in which a batsman may legally stand
b. ground staff
16. (Music, other) See ground bass
17. (Textiles) a mesh or network supporting the main pattern of a piece of lace
18. (General Physics) electrical
a. a connection between an electrical circuit or device and the earth, which is at zero potential
b. Also called: earth a terminal to which this connection is made
19. above ground alive
20. below ground dead and buried
21. break new ground to do something that has not been done before
22. cut the ground from under someone's feet to anticipate someone's action or argument and thus make iti
rrelevant or meaningless
23. to the ground down to the ground informal Brit completely; absolutely: it suited him down to the ground.
24. get off the ground informal to make a beginning, esp one that is successful
25. go to ground to go into hiding
26. hit the ground running to make immediate and rapid progress: They have worked hard and hit the groun
drunning.
27. into the ground beyond what is requisite or can be endured; to exhaustion
28. meet someone on his own ground to meet someone according to terms he has laid down himself
29. the high ground the moral high ground a position of moral or ethical superiority in a dispute
30. (Nautical Terms) (of a ship) to strike the sea bed
31. to arrive at something solid or stable after discussing or dealing with topics that are abstract or inconclusive
32. (modifier) situated on, living on, or used on the ground: ground frost; ground forces.

33. (modifier) concerned with or operating on the ground, esp as distinct from in the air: ground crew; ground h
ostess.
34. (Botany) (modifier) (used in names of plants) low-growing and often trailing or spreading
vb
35. (tr) to put or place on the ground
36. (tr) to instruct in fundamentals
37. (tr) to provide a basis or foundation for; establish
38. (Aeronautics) (tr) to confine (an aircraft, pilot, etc) to the ground
39. (tr) informal to confine (a child) to the house as a punishment
40. (Electrical Engineering) the usual US word for earth16
41. (Nautical Terms) (tr) nautical to run (a vessel) aground
42. (Art Terms) (tr) to cover (a surface) with a preparatory coat of paint
43. (intr) to hit or reach the ground
[Old English grund; related to Old Norse grunn shallow, grunnr, grund plain, Old High German grunt]

ground
(rand)
vb
the past tense and past participle of grind
adj
1. (Mechanical Engineering) having the surface finished, thickness reduced, or an edge sharpened by grinding
2. (Mechanical Engineering) reduced to fine particles by grinding
Collins English Dictionary Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 HarperCollins Publishers 1991,
1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

ground1
(grand)
n.
1. the solid surface of the earth; firm or dry land.
2. earth or soil: stony ground.
3. land having an indicated character: rising ground.
4. Often, grounds. a tract of land appropriated to a special use: picnic grounds; a hunting ground.
5. Often, grounds. the foundation or basis on which a belief or action rests; reason or cause: grounds for dism
issal.
6. subject for discussion; topic: to go repeatedly over the same ground.
7. rational or factual support for one's position or attitude, as in a debate or argument: on firm ground.
8. the main surface or background in painting, decorative work, lace, etc.
9. the background in a visual field, contrasted with the figure.
10. a coating of a substance serving as a surface to be worked on, as in painting or etching.

11. grounds, dregs or sediment: coffee grounds.

12. grounds, the gardens, lawn, etc., surrounding and belonging to a building.
13. a conducting connection between an electric circuit or equipment and the earth or some other conducting b
ody.
14. the bottom of a body of water.
15. the earth's solid or liquid surface; land or water.
16. ground bass.
adj.
17. situated on, at, or near the surface of the earth: a ground attack.
18. pertaining to the ground.
19. operating on land: ground forces.
v.t.
20. to lay or set on the ground.
21. to place on a foundation; fix firmly; settle or establish; found.
22. to instruct in elements or first principles: to ground students in science.
23. to furnish with a ground or background, as on decorative work.
24. to cover (wallpaper) with colors or other materials before printing.
25. to establish a ground for (an electric circuit, device, etc.).
26. to cause (a vessel) to run aground.
27. to restrict (an aircraft or pilot) to the ground; prevent from flying.
28. Informal. to restrict the activities, esp. the social activities, of, usu. as a punishment.
v.i.
29. to come to or strike the ground.
30. to hit a ground ball in baseball.
31. ground out, Baseball. to be put out at first base after hitting a ground ball to the infield.
Idioms:
1. break ground,
a. to plow.
b. to begin excavation for a construction project.
c. Also, break new ground. to do something original or innovative.
2. cover ground,
a. to travel over a certain area.
b. to make some progress.
3. from the ground up,
a. gradually from the most elementary level to the highest level.
b. extensively; thoroughly.
4. gain ground,
a. to make progress; advance.
b. to gain approval or acceptance.
5. give ground, to yield to a superior force or forceful argument; retreat.
6. hold or stand one's ground, to maintain one's position; be steadfast.
7. lose ground, to lose one's advantage; fail to advance.
8. off the ground, into action or well under way: The play never got off the ground.

9. on one's own ground, in an area or situation that one knows well.

10. on the ground, at the place of interest or importance: the situation on the ground.
11. shift ground, to change position in an argument or situation.
12. to ground,
a. into a den, burrow, shelter, or the like: a fox gone to ground.
b. into concealment or hiding.
Idioms:
take the high ground, to take a position of advantage or superiority.
[before 900; Middle English; Old English grund, c. Old Frisian, Old Saxon grund, Old High German grunt]

ground2
(grand)
v.
1. a pt. and pp. of grind.
adj.
2. reduced to fine particles by grinding.
3. having the surface abraded or roughened by or as if by grinding.
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997,
1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.

ground
(ground)
1. The solid surface of the Earth; land.
2. A connection between an electrical conductor and the Earth.
3. A point in an electrical system where the voltage is zero.
The American Heritage Dictionary of Student Science, Second Edition. Copyright 2014 by Houghton Mifflin
Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights
reserved.

floor
ground
1. 'floor'
The floor of a room is the flat part you walk on.
The book fell to the floor.
A floor of a building is all the rooms on a particular level.
I went up the stairs to the third floor.

You say that something is on a particular floor.

My office is on the second floor.
Be Careful!
Don't say that something is 'in' a particular floor.
See ground floor - first floor
2. 'ground'
You don't normally refer to the surface of the earth as the 'floor'. You call it the ground.
He set down his backpack on the ground.
The ground was very wet and muddy.
However, the surface of the earth in a forest is sometimes referred to as the forest floor, and the land under th
e seais sometimes called the sea floor or the ocean floor.
The forest floor is not rich in vegetation.
Some species are mainly found on the sea floor.
Collins COBUILD English Usage HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 2004, 2011, 2012

ground
Past participle: grounded
Gerund: grounding

Imperative
ground
ground
Collins English Verb Tables HarperCollins Publishers 2011

ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
Switch to new thesaurus
N 1 ground - the solid part of the earth's surface; "the plane turned away from the sea andmoved back over lan
o . d"; "the earth shook for several minutes"; "he dropped the logs onthe ground"
u dry land, solid ground, terra firma, earth, land
n object, physical
object - a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow; "it was full ofra
ckets, balls and other objects"
archipelago - a group of many islands in a large body of water
beachfront - a strip of land running along a beach
cape, ness - a strip of land projecting into a body of water
coastal plain - a plain adjacent to a coast
earth, globe, world - the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on; "the Earth moves around the sun";
"he sailed around the world"
floor - the ground on which people and animals move about; "the fire spared the forest floor"

foreland - land forming the forward margin of something

timberland, woodland, forest, timber - land that is covered with trees and shrubs
island - a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water
isthmus - a relatively narrow strip of land (with water on both sides) connecting two larger land areas
land mass, landmass - a large continuous extent of land
mainland - the main land mass of a country or continent; as distinguished from an island or peninsula
neck - a narrow elongated projecting strip of land
oxbow - the land inside an oxbow bend in a river
peninsula - a large mass of land projecting into a body of water
champaign, plain, field - extensive tract of level open land; "they emerged from the woods onto a vastope
n plain"; "he longed for the fields of his youth"
slash - an open tract of land in a forest that is strewn with debris from logging (or fire or wind)
wonderland - a place or scene of great or strange beauty or wonder
2 ground - a rational motive for a belief or action; "the reason that war was declared"; "the grounds for their
. declaration"
reason
rational motive - a motive that can be defended by reasoning or logical argument
occasion - reason; "there was no occasion for complaint"
account, score - grounds; "don't do it on my account"; "the paper was rejected on account of its length"; "h
etried to blame the victim but his success on that score was doubtful"
wherefore, why - the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase `the why
sand wherefores'
3 ground - the loose soft material that makes up a large part of the land surface; "they dug into the earth outs
. idethe church"
earth
moraine - accumulated earth and stones deposited by a glacier
material, stuff - the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object; "coal is a hard black
material"; "wheat is the stuff they use to make bread"
diatomaceous
earth, diatomite, kieselguhr - a light soil consisting of siliceous diatom remains and oftenused as a filteri
ng material
saprolite - a deposit of clay and disintegrating rock that is found in its original place
dirt, soil - the part of the earth's surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock
4 ground - a relation that provides the foundation for something; "they were on a friendly footing"; "he work
. ed onan interim basis"
basis, footing
foundation - the basis on which something is grounded; "there is little foundation for his objections"
common ground - a basis agreed to by all parties for reaching a mutual understanding
5 ground - a position to be won or defended in battle (or as if in battle); "they gained ground step by step"; "
. theyfought to regain the lost ground"
military position, position - a point occupied by troops for tactical reasons
6 ground - the part of a scene (or picture) that lies behind objects in the foreground; "heposed her against a b
. ackground of rolling hills"
background
panorama, vista, view, aspect, scene, prospect - the visual percept of a region; "them
ost desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views"
7 ground - material in the top layer of the surface of the earth in which plants can grow (especially with refe
. renceto its quality or use); "the land had never been plowed"; "good agricultural soil"
land, soil
object, physical

object - a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow; "it was full ofrackets, balls and other
objects"
badlands - deeply eroded barren land
bottomland, bottom - low-lying alluvial land near a river
coastland - land in a coastal area
ploughland, plowland, tillage, tilled land, cultivated
land, farmland, tilth - arable land that is worked byplowing and sowing and raising crops
overburden - the surface soil that must be moved away to get at coal seams and mineral deposits
permafrost - ground that is permanently frozen
polder - low-lying land that has been reclaimed and is protected by dikes (especially in the Netherlands)
rangeland - land suitable for grazing livestock
scablands - (geology) flat elevated land with poor soil and little vegetation that is scarred by dry channels
ofglacial origin (especially in eastern Washington)
greensward, sod, sward, turf - surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots
wetland - a low area where the land is saturated with water
8 ground - a relatively homogeneous percept extending back of the figure on which attention is focused
. percept, perception, perceptual
experience - the representation of what is perceived; basic component inthe formation of a concept
figure - a unitary percept having structure and coherence that is the object of attention and that stands outa
gainst a ground
9 ground - a connection between an electrical device and a large conducting body, such as the earth (which i
. staken to be at zero voltage)
earth
connecter, connector, connective, connection, connexion - an instrumentality that connects; "hesoldered
the connection"; "he didn't have the right connector between the amplifier and the speakers"
electricity - a physical phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electrons and protons
1 ground - (art) the surface (as a wall or canvas) prepared to take the paint for a painting
0 artistic creation, artistic
. production, art - the creation of beautiful or significant things; "art does not needto be innovative to be go
od"; "I was never any good at art"; "he said that architecture is the art of wasting spacebeautifully"
surface - the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary;"t
here is a special cleaner for these surfaces"; "the cloth had a pattern of red dots on a white surface"
1 ground - the first or preliminary coat of paint or size applied to a surface
1 flat coat, primer coat, priming coat, undercoat, priming, primer
. coat of paint - a layer of paint covering something else
couch - a flat coat of paint or varnish used by artists as a primer

V 1 ground - fix firmly and stably; "anchor the lamppost in concrete"

er . anchor
b fasten, fix, secure - cause to be firmly attached; "fasten the lock onto the door"; "shefixe
d her gaze on the man"

2 ground - confine or restrict to the ground; "After the accident, they grounded the plane and the pilot"
. restrain, confine, hold - to close within bounds, limit or hold back from movement; "This holds the localu
ntil the express passengers change trains"; "About a dozen animals were held inside the stockade"; "The ill
egalimmigrants were held at a detention center"; "The terrorists held the journalists for ransom"
3 ground - place or put on the ground

. lay, place, put, set, position, pose - put into a certain place or abstract location; "Put your things here";"Se
t the tray down"; "Set the dogs on the scent of the missing children"; "Place emphasis on a certain point"
4 ground - instruct someone in the fundamentals of a subject
. instruct, teach, learn - impart skills or knowledge to; "I taught them French"; "He instructed me in buildin
g aboat"
5 ground - bring to the ground; "the storm grounded the ship"
. run aground, strand
land - bring ashore; "The drug smugglers landed the heroin on the beach of the island"
6 ground - hit or reach the ground
. run aground
arrive
at, reach, attain, gain, hit, make - reach a destination, either real or abstract; "We hit Detroit bynoon"; "T
he water reached the doorstep"; "We barely made it to the finish line"; "I have to hit the MAC machinebefo
re the weekend starts"
7 ground - throw to the ground in order to stop play and avoid being tackled behind the line of scrimmage
. football, football
game - any of various games played with a ball (round or oval) in which two teams try tokick or carry or p
ropel the ball into each other's goal
ground - hit onto the ground
throw - propel through the air; "throw a frisbee"
8 ground - hit a groundball; "he grounded to the second baseman"
. baseball, baseball
game - a ball game played with a bat and ball between two teams of nine players; teamstake turns at bat try
ing to score runs; "he played baseball in high school"; "there was a baseball game on everyempty lot"; "the
re was a desire for National League ball in the area"; "play ball!"
hit - cause to move by striking; "hit a ball"
ground - hit onto the ground
9 ground - hit onto the ground
. baseball, baseball
game - a ball game played with a bat and ball between two teams of nine players; teamstake turns at bat try
ing to score runs; "he played baseball in high school"; "there was a baseball game on everyempty lot"; "the
re was a desire for National League ball in the area"; "play ball!"
hit - cause to move by striking; "hit a ball"
ground - hit a groundball; "he grounded to the second baseman"
ground - throw to the ground in order to stop play and avoid being tackled behind the line of scrimmage
1 ground - cover with a primer; apply a primer to
0 undercoat, prime
. paint - apply paint to; coat with paint; "We painted the rooms yellow"

1 ground - connect to a ground; "ground the electrical connections for safety reasons"
1 earth - connect to the earth; "earth the circuit"
. connect, link, link
up, tie - connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces; "Can you connect the twoloudspeakers?"; "Tie
the ropes together"; "Link arms"
1 ground - use as a basis for; found on; "base a claim on some observation"
2 base, found, establish
. build - found or ground; "build a defense on nothing but the accused person's reputation"
Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.

ground
noun
1. earth, land, dry land, terra firma We slid down the roof and dropped to the ground.
2. soil, earth, dust, mould, dirt, terrain, sod, clod, loam the marshy ground of the river delta
3. land, country, field, turf, terrain, area, tract a stretch of waste ground
4. arena, pitch, stadium, park (informal), field, enclosure the city's football ground
plural noun
1. estate, holding, land, fields, gardens, property, district, territory, domain the palace grounds
2. reason, cause, basis, argument, call, base, occasion, foundation, excuse, premise, motive, justificati
on,rationale, inducement In the interview he gave some grounds for optimism.
3. dregs, lees, deposit, sediment Place the coffee grounds in the bottom and pour hot water over them.
verb
1. base, found, establish, set, settle, fix Her argument was grounded in fact.
2. instruct, train, prepare, coach, teach, inform, initiate, tutor, acquaint with, familiarize
with Make sure thechildren are properly grounded in the basics.
Collins Thesaurus of the English Language Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 HarperCollins
Publishers 1995, 2002

ground
noun
1. The lowest or supporting part or structure:
base, basis, bed, bottom, foot, footing, foundation, fundament, groundwork, seat, substratum,underpin
ning (often used in plural).
2. That on which something immaterial, such as an argument or a charge, rests.Often used in plural:
base, basis, footing, foundation, fundament, groundwork, underpinning (often used in plural).
3. A basis for an action or a decision.Often used in plural:
cause, motivation, motive, reason, spring.
4. A fact or circumstance that gives logical support to an assertion, claim, or proposal.Often used in plural:
argument, proof, reason, wherefore, why.
Idiom: why and wherefore.
5. That which provides a reason or justification.Often used in plural:
call, cause, justification, necessity, occasion, reason, wherefore, why.
Idiom: why and wherefore.
verb
1. To cause to fall, as from a shot or blow:
bring down, cut down, down, drop, fell, flatten, floor, knock down, level, prostrate, strike down,throw.
Slang: deck.
Idiom: lay low.
2. To provide a basis for:
base, build, establish, found, predicate, rest, root, underpin.

The American Heritage Roget's Thesaurus. Copyright 2013, 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing
Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Translations
Spanish / Espaol
Select a language:
terrenotierrasuelobasarsecampo

ground
[grand]
A. N
1. (= soil) tierra f, suelo m
2. (= terrain) terreno m
high/hilly ground terreno m alto/montaoso
to break new ground hacer algo nuevo
common ground terreno m comn
to cover a lot of ground (lit) recorrer una gran distancia
he covered a lot of ground in his lecture abarc mucho en la clase
to be on dangerous ground entrar en territorio peligroso
to be on firm ground hablar con conocimiento de causa
to gain ground ganar terreno
to go to ground [fox] meterse en su madriguera; [person] esconderse, refugiarse
to hold one's ground (lit, fig) = to stand one's ground
to be on (one's) home ground tratar materia que uno conoce a fondo
to lose ground perder terreno
to run sb to ground localizar (por fin) a algn, averiguar el paradero de algn
to shift one's ground cambiar de postura
to stand one's ground (lit) no ceder terreno (fig) mantenerse firme
to be on sure ground = to be on firm ground to cut the ground from under sb's feet quitarle terreno a
algn
it suits me down to the ground me conviene perfectamente, me viene de perilla
see also prepare A
3. (= surface) suelo m, tierra f
above ground sobre la tierra
below ground debajo de la tierra
to fall to the ground (lit) caerse al suelo (fig) fracasar
to get off the ground [aircraft] despegar; [plans etc] ponerse en marcha
on the ground en el suelo
see also raze
4. (= pitch) terreno m, campo m
they won on their own ground ganaron en su propio terreno
see also parade D
see also recreation
1

5. (= estate, property) tierras fpl

6. grounds (= gardens) jardines mpl, parque msing
7. (Art etc) (= background) fondo m, trasfondo m
on a blue ground sobre un fondo azul
8. (US) (Elec) tierra f
9. (= reason) (usu pl) razn f, motivo m; (= basis) fundamento m
grounds for complaint motivos mpl de queja
what ground(s) do you have for saying so? en qu se basa para decir eso?
on the ground(s) of con motivo de ..., por causa de ..., debido a ...
on the ground(s) that a causa de que ..., por motivo de que ...
on good grounds con razn
on medical grounds por razones de salud
B. VT
1. [+ ship] varar, hacer encallar
2. [+ plane, pilot] obligar a permanecer en tierra
he ordered the planes to be grounded orden que permaneciesen los aviones en tierra
to be grounded by bad weather no poder despegar por el mal tiempo
3. (US) (Elec) conectar con tierra
4. (= teach) to ground sb in maths ensear a algn los rudimentos de las matemticas
to be well grounded in tener un buen conocimiento de, estar versado en
5. (esp US) [+ student] encerrar, no dejar salir
C. VI (Naut) encallar, varar; (lightly) tocar (on en)
D. CPD ground attack N ataque m de tierra (Aer) ataque m a superficie
ground bass N bajo m rtmico
ground colour N fondo m, primera capa f
ground control N (Aer) control m desde tierra
ground crew N (Aer) personal m de tierra
ground floor N (Brit) planta f baja
ground-floor flat (Brit) piso m or (LAM) departamento m de planta baja
he got in on the ground floor empez por abajo
ground forces NPL (Mil) fuerzas fpl de tierra
ground frost N escarcha f
ground ivy N hiedra f terrestre
ground level N nivel m del suelo
ground plan N plano m, planta f
ground pollution N contaminacin f del suelo
ground rent N (esp Brit) alquiler m del terreno
ground rules NPL reglas fpl bsicas
we can't change the ground rules at this stage a estas alturas no podemos cambiar las reglas
ground staff N = ground crew ground wire N (US) cable m de toma de tierra
Ground Zero N zona f cero

ground
[grand]
A. PT & PP of grind
B. ADJ [coffee etc] molido; [glass] deslustrado (US) [meat] picado
C. N grounds [of coffee] poso msing, sedimento msing
D. CPD ground beef N (US) picadillo m
Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd.
1971, 1988 HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005
2

ground2
(graund) noun
1. the solid surface of the Earth. lying on the ground; high ground.suelo
2. a piece of land used for some purpose. a football ground.terreno, campo
verb
1. to base. His argument is grounded on a series of wrong assumptions.basarse, fundarse
2. to (cause a ship to) hit the seabed or shore and remain stuck. encallar
3. to prevent (an aeroplane, pilot) from flying. All planes have been grounded because of the fog.obligar a
quedarse en tierra
grounding noun
the teaching of the basic facts of a subject. a good grounding in mathematics.base, conocimientos
groundless adjective
without reason. Your fears are groundless.infundado, sin fundamentos
grounds noun plural
1. the garden or land round a large house etc. the castle grounds.terreno, jardines
2. good reasons. Have you any grounds for calling him a liar?razones, motivos
3. the powder which remains in a cup (eg of coffee) which one has drunk. coffee grounds.poso, posos
ground floor
the rooms of a building which are at street level. My office is on the ground floor; (also adjective) a ground-floor
flat.
groundnutpeanutgroundwork noun
work done in preparation for beginning a project etc. trabajo preparatorio/preliminar, bases del trabajo
break new ground
to deal with a subject for the first time. abrir nuevos caminos/horizontes
cover ground
to deal with a certain amount of work etc. We've covered a lot of ground at this morning's meeting. tratar de
cierto aspecto, abarcar
get (something) off the ground
to get (a project etc) started. poner en marcha, ponerse manos a la obra, despegar, iniciar
hold one's ground
to refuse to move back or retreat when attacked. Although many were killed, the soldiers held their
ground.mantenerse firme

lose ground
to (be forced to) move back or retreat. The general sent in reinforcements when he saw that his troops were
losing ground.perder terreno
Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary 2006-2013 K Dictionaries Ltd.

ground
poner en tierra, terreno
Multilingual Translator HarperCollins Publishers 2009

ground
n. base; suelo; terreno;
a. pp. de to grind, molido-a.
English-Spanish Medical Dictionary Farlex 2012

Do you have any bedrooms on the first floor? (US)

Do you have any bedrooms on the ground floor? (UK) Tiene habitaciones en la planta baja?
Collins Multilingual Translator HarperCollins Publishers 2009

ground
pret & pp de grind

ground
n suelo, tierra; (electrical) toma de tierra
English-Spanish/Spanish-English Medical Dictionary Copyright 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All rights reserved.

Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's
page for free fun content.

antitank
Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.

antitank

(nt-tngk, nt-)
adj.
Designed for combat or defense against armored vehicles, especially tanks.
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright 2011 by Houghton Mifflin
Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights
reserved.

antitank
(nttk)
adj
(Military) designed to immobilize or destroy armoured vehicles: antitank weapons. Abbreviation: ATK
Collins English Dictionary Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 HarperCollins Publishers 1991,
1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
Switch to new thesaurus
Adj 1. antitank - designed for defense against armored vehicles
.
defensive - intended or appropriate for defending against or deterring aggression or
attack; "defensive weapons"; "a defensive stance"
Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.

Translations
----------------------Select a language:

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page for free fun content.

GAMMA
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Financial, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
Related to GAMMA: gamma radiation, Gamma rays, Gamma function, gamma globulin, Gamma
distribution, praxis

Acronym

Definition

GAMMA
GAMMA

Greeks Advocating Mature Management of Alcohol

Genoa Active Message MAchine

GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA
GAMMA

Geometric Algorithms for Modeling, Motion and Animation

General Approach to Magnetic resonance Mathematical Analysis
Gnration Automatique de Maillages et Mthodes d'Adaptation
Groupement Automobile Mongasque de Mcanique Avance
Gay and Married Men Association
Guide Star Astrometric Measuring Machine
Georgia Model Missile Association
Guinea, Angola, Mozambique Medical Action
Graphic Art and Multimedia Artists

Copyright 1988-2014 AcronymFinder.com, All rights reserved.

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References in periodicals archive ?

About Gamma Labs' Pre-Training formula (PTF): GammaLabs PTF is used by the top MLG Pro Call of Duty
and Halo players in the world.
Gamma Labs Launches New Gaming Initiative, Gamma Gamers Featuring Gamma Labs PTF Brand
Ambassadors "Call of Duty" MLG Pro Gamers Jordan "Proofy" Cannon, Skylar "Foreplay" Johnson, Will
"BigTymer" Johnson, Coach Mike "Hastr0" Rufail, and Tosh "Stainville" McGruder
This would account for some of the bright gamma rays flowing from the galactic center, but scientists realized
that it would not explain the much larger flow of gamma radiation coming from the Milky Way as a whole.
ANTIMATTER PLUME FOUND IN MILKY WAY
Gamma has more than 10 years experience in the SAP market, and its solutions are already deployed
throughout some of the largest corporations in the world.
Gamma Enterprise Technologies Announces Record Growth

When asked about what other options are available besides ActiveX to support Gamma customer's
requirements, Gary Rosen, Gamma Vice President had this to say: "JavaSoft's Java language currently has no
Unicode based foreign language support and is today not suitable for developers

References in periodicals archive?

It enables to fire the automatic gun and coupled machine gun both in the stationary position and on the move, while
firing ATGM only while stationary.
Unified fire control system for armoured vehicles
In closing, through the combined employment of indirect fires of the M777 and the armor defeating capabilities of
theATGM company, the Stryker MGS, and M98A2 Javelin, the SBCT is capable of defeating any armor threat the U.
'Seeing the terrain': using terrain and anti-tank systems to increase SBCT lethality against enemy armor
In every instance the sensors correctly pinpointed the missiles, and the Advanced Development ATIRCM jammer
succeeded in confusing the missile seekers, causing theATGMs to miss their targets.
Based on its experience in Desert Storm, the Army determined that the accuracy of ATGMs and their advanced warheads
pose a serious threat to ground vehicles and crew survivability.
Sanders ATIRCM/CMWS successfully tested against anti-tank missiles
The squadron's gunnery resulted in 49 of 51 crews qualified on Table VI, with the anti-armor troop being unable to conduct
an ATGM live fire due to persistent fog.
Training lethality through cavalry squadron gunnery
The migration to ICVs from ATGMs facilitated the addition of these personnel, but maintaining accurate rosters of key
leaders and attachments is something akin to herding cats.
An assault CP in a Stryker BCT: reorganizing the a
An assault CP in a Stryker BCT: reorganizing the at company into a fighting formation relevant to today's OE
The mechanized infantry platoon has four Stryker vehicles and three "Javelin" ATGM launchers.
Each reconnaissance troop has three reconnaissance platoons, each of which is mounted on four reconnaissance
Strykers each with "Javelin" ATGM launcher.
The bear facts: Russians appraise the Stryker brigade concept
The TOW ITAS and the LRAS3 are the only second generation FLIR systems in the IBCT; as a result, theATGM company
will find itself assigned many key roles to support IBCT operations.
M41 TOW improved target acquisition system (ITAS). (Professional Forum)
It was as powerful as the heavy "Komet" ATGM and, considering the proliferation of this fairly light infantry weapon, they
figured that it had become the most dangerous adversary of modem Russian main battle tanks and a very disturbing
development.
RShG-1: Russia's Latest Thermobaric Grenade. (Professional Forum)
Conceivably, this could also include Tula's KBP (Instrument Industry Design Bureau) one-man Kliver turret, designed for
the BTR-60/70/80; a 30mm 2A72 automatic cannon with AT-13 Kornet ATGM.
The BTR-T: New Use for Old Tank Hulls
He stressed on the need to indigenously develop a family ofATGMs that can be launched from a variety of platforms.
Pallam Raju calls for maintaining edge in conventional

Constr of atgm simulator room with air conditioning.

Link/Page Citation
Tenders are invited for Constr Of Atgm Simulator Room With Air Conditioning Facility In Unit Area (Klp) At 550
Acre Area Under Ge (East) Ferozepur Cantt

Tender Value: (in Rs)1350000

EMD: 27000.00
Location: Ferozepur Area
Cost of Tender: Rs 500 (as DD from Nationalised bank in favour of GE.In case of CCE DD to be drawn in
favour of concern CCE)
Date of Receipt of application: 26 May 2014
Tender Issue Date: 27 May 2014
Last date for Submission: 17 June 2014 Upto1500 h
Opening Date: 17 June 2014 AtFerozepur Cantt
Period of Completion: 26 weeks
Pre-Qualification: Class E category a (i)
Tender documents : T22119368.html
2014 Al Bawaba (Albawaba.com) Provided by Syndigate.info , an Albawaba.com company
COPYRIGHT 2014 Al Bawaba (Middle East) Ltd.
No portion of this article can be reproduced without the express written permission from the copyright holder.
Copyright 2014 Gale, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Anti-tank missile
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Air-to-ground missile.

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by a
citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 20
how and when to remove this template message)

FGM-148 Javelin anti-tank missile of the United States Army

The 9M133 Kornet Tripod-Mounted ATGM of the Russian Ground Forces

An anti-tank missile (ATM), anti-tank guided missile (ATGM), anti-tank guided weapon (ATGW) or anti-armor
guided weapon, is a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy heavily armored military vehicles.
ATGMs range in size from shoulder-launched weapons, which can be transported by a single soldier, to
larger tripod-mounted weapons, which require a squad or team to transport and fire, to vehicle and aircraft mounted
missile systems.
The introduction to the modern battlefield of smaller, man-portable ATGMs with larger warheads has given infantry
the ability to defeat light and medium tanks at great ranges, though main battle tanks (MBTs) using composite and
reactive armors have proven to be resistant to smaller ATGMs.[1][2] Earlier infantry anti-tank weapons, such as antitank rifles, anti-tank rockets and magnetic anti-tank mines, had limited armor-penetration abilities and/or required a
soldier to approach the target closely.

Contents
[hide]

1History

2Countermeasures

3See also

4References

History[edit]

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations
reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2010) (Learn ho
when to remove this template message)

PARS 3 LR fire-and-forget missile of the German Army.

The RAF's Brimstone missile is a fire and forget anti-tank missile.

A closeup of the Indian Nag Missile head, with the Imaging Infrared (IIR) Seeker
Germany developed a design for a wire-guided anti tank missile derived from the Ruhrstahl X-4 air to air missile
concept in the closing months of World War II. Reliable information for this weapon is elusive. It was never used in
combat and allegedly had serious guidance to target issues.
The SS.10 is the first anti-tank missile widely used. It entered service in the French Army in 1955. It was also the
first anti-tank missile used by the US Army and Israeli Defense Forces.
The Malkara missile (from an Aboriginal word for "shield") was one of the earliest anti-tank guided
missiles (ATGMs). It was jointly developed by Australia and the United Kingdom between 1951 and 1954, and was
in service from 1958 until gradually replaced by theVickers Vigilant missile in the late 1960s. It was intended to be
light enough to deploy with airborne forces, yet powerful enough to knock out any tank then in service (it used a
26 kg HESH warhead).
First-generation manually command guided MCLOS missiles require input from an operator using a joystick or
similar device to steer the missile to the target. The disadvantage is that the operator must keep the sight's cross
hairs on the target and then steer the missile into the cross hairsi.e. the line-of-sight. To do this, the operator must
be well trained (spending hundreds of hours on a simulator) and must remain stationary and in view of the target
during the flight time of the missile. Because of this, the operator is vulnerable while guiding the missile. The first
system to become operational and to see combat was the French Nord SS.10 during the early 1950s.

Second-generation semi-automatically command guided SACLOS missiles require the operator to only keep the
sights on the target until impact. Automatic guidance commands are sent to the missile through wires or radio, or the
missile relies on laser marking or a TV camera view from the nose of the missile. Examples are the Russian 9M133
Kornet and the American Hellfire I missiles. Again, the operator must remain stationary during the missile's flight.
Third-generation guidance systems rely on a laser, electro-optical imager (IIR) seeker or a W band radar seeker in
the nose of the missile. Once the target is identified, the missile needs no further guidance during flight; it is "fireand-forget", and the missile operator is free to retreat. However, fire-and-forget missiles are more subject to
electronic countermeasures than MCLOS and SACLOS missiles. Examples include the German PARS 3 LR,
Israeli LAHAT and Spike and the Indian Nag.
Most modern ATGMs have shaped charge high explosive (HEAT) warheads, designed specifically for penetrating
armor. Tandem-chargemissiles attempt to defeat ERA protected armor. The small initial charge sets off the ERA
while the follow-up main charge attempts to penetrate the main armor. Top-attack weapons such as the Indian Nag,
American Javelin and the Swedish Bill are designed to strike vehicles from above, where their armour is usually
much weaker.

Countermeasures[edit]

Spike (missile), capable of making atop attack flight profile.

Countermeasures against ATGMs include spaced, perforated, and composite armour, explosive reactive
armour, jammers like the Russian Shtora, and active protection systems (APS) like the Israeli Trophy and the
Russian Arena.
Armour systems have continued in development alongside ATGMs, and the most recent generations of armor are
specifically tested to be effective against ATGM strikes, either by 'tricking' the missile into not detonating against the
armor itself (such as in Slat armor) or using some form of reactive armor to 'attack' the missile upon impact,
disrupting the shaped charge that makes the warhead effective. Both come with the downside of significant weight
and bulk. Reactive armor works best when a vehicle is specifically designed with the system integrated and while
developments continue to make armor lighter, any vehicle that includes such a system necessitates a powerful
engine and often will still be relatively slow. However, inclusion of such armor in older vehicles as a part of re-design
is possible, as in the numerous types derived from the T-72 do carry reactive armor (in addition to engines up to
>20% stronger). Slat armor is lighter and as such can be added to many vehicles after construction but still adds
both bulk and weight. Particularly for vehicles that are designed to be transported by cargo aircraft, slat armor has to
be fitted in field after deployment. Either approach can never offer complete coverage over the vehicle, leaving
tracks or wheels particularly vulnerable to attack.
Jamming is potentially an effective countermeasure to specific missiles that are radar guided, however, as a general
purpose defense, it is of no use against unguided anti-tank weapons, and as such it is almost never the only
defense. If jamming is used continually, it can be extremely difficult for a missile to acquire the target, locking on to
the much larger return from the jammer, with the operator unlikely noticing the difference without a radar screen to
see the return. However, any missile that has a back up tracking system can defeat jamming.
Active protection systems show a great deal of promise, both in counteracting ATGMs and unguided weapons, but
are not yet a proven technology. Compared to armor systems, they are very lightweight, can be fitted to almost any
vehicle with the internal space for the control system and could, in the future, be a near-perfect defense against any
missiles. The weakness of the systems include potential developments in missile design such as radar or IR decoys,
which would drastically reduce their chance to intercept a missile, as well as technical challenges such as dealing
with multiple missiles at once and designing a system that can cover a vehicle from any angle of attack. While these
may be answered and allow for lightweight, highly maneuverable vehicles that are strongly defended against

missiles and rockets that are extremely well suited for urban and guerrilla warfare. However, such a system is
unlikely to be as effective against kinetic energy projectiles, making it a poor choice for fighting against tanks.
Traditionally, before "fire-and-forget" ATGMs were used, the most effective countermeasure was to open fire at the
location where the missile was fired from, to either kill the operator or force him to take cover,[3] thus sending the
missile off course. Smoke screens can also be deployed from the MBTs smoke discharger, and used to obscure an
ATGM operators line of sight. While fire and forget missiles have definitive advantages in terms of guidance and
operator safety, and include abilities such as top attack mode, older missiles continue in use, both in the front line
armies of less developed countries, and in reserve service the world over, due to their lower cost or existing
stockpiles of less advanced weapons.

See also[edit]

List of anti-tank missiles

List of missiles

References[edit]
1. Jump up^ T-90 tank at the Wayback Machine (archived January 29, 2008) is tested against ATGMs.
2. Jump up^ British tank sustains damage overseas.
3. Jump up^ John Stone (2000). The Tank Debate: Armour and the Anglo-American Military Tradition.
Harwood Academic Publishers. p. 78. ISBN 9058230457.
Wikimedia Commons has
media related to Anti-tank
missiles.
[hide]

Types of missile

ched ballistic missile (ALBM)

ir missile (AAM)

urface missile (ASM)

missile

missile

tinental ballistic missile (ICBM)

diate-range ballistic missile (IRBM)

r-fired missile

ine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM)

ine-launched cruise missile (SLCM)

-to-air missile (SAM)

-to-surface missile (SSM)

listic missile (ABM)

ellite weapon (ASAT)

p ballistic missile (ASBM)

p missile (AShM)

bmarine missile

nk missile (ATGM)

tack missile (LACM)

adar guidance

tive radar guidance

homing

ia-missile

diation

nd to line-of-sight guidance

nd off line-of-sight guidance

guidance

ding

ed rockets

idance

guidance

ertial guidance
guidance

military rockets

missiles

missiles by countryList of anti-ship missiles

See also: Sounding rocket

Categories:
Anti-tank missiles

Missile types

Missiles

Tanks

Tank

Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas

Tank Amerika Serikat M1A1 Abrams.

Tank adalah kendaraan tempur lapis baja yang bergerak menggunakan roda berbentuk rantai. Ciri utama tank
adalah pelindungnya yang biasanya adalah lapisan baja yang berat, senjatanya yang merupakan meriam besar,
serta mobilitas yang tinggi untuk bergerak dengan lancar di segala medan. Meskipun tank adalah kendaraan yang
mahal dan membutuhkan persediaan logistik yang banyak, tank adalah senjata darat paling tangguh dan serba-bisa
pada medan perang modern, dikarenakan kemampuannya untuk menghancurkan target darat apapun, dan efek
mentalnya terhadap infanteri.
Daftar isi
[sembunyikan]

1Garis besar

2Sejarah
o

2.1Perang Dunia I: Tank-tank pertama

2.2Perkembangan desain dan taktik

2.3Tank pada Perang Dunia II

2.4Perang Dingin dan seterusnya

3Perlindungan

4Persenjataan

5Mesin

6Pergerakan

7Catatan kaki

8Daftar pustaka

9Lihat pula

10Pranala luar

Garis besar[sunting | sunting sumber]

Tank Merkava buatan Israel.

Tank adalah kendaraan tempur yang sangat kuat. Walau begitu, tank tidak beroperasi sendirian. Tank biasa
dimasukkan dalam unit lapis baja pada pasukan terpadu, yaitu gabungan antara infanteri dan kavaleri lainnya.
Tanpa dukungan unit lain, tank, walaupun memiliki pelindung tebal, tetap bisa dilumpuhkan oleh
infanteri, ranjau, artileri, dan helikopter atau pesawat.[1] Tank juga tidak efektif di medan hutan dan perkotaan, di
mana kemampuan jarak jauh tank jadi tidak bisa dipakai, penglihatan pengendara tank jadi terbatas, dan meriam
tank mungkin tidak bisa berputar secara maksimal.
Tank pertama kali dipakai pada Perang Dunia I untuk memecahkan kebuntuan perang parit, dan peran tank lamakelamaan berevolusi untuk mengantikan peran kavaleri. Istilah tank (tangki) muncul pada saat pembuatan tanktank pertama di pabrik-pabrik di Inggris: para pekerja diberitahukan bahwa mereka sedang membuat sebuah
kendaraan pengangkut air beroda rantai, jadi pembuatan kendaraan tempur ini bisa dirahasiakan. [2]
Tank dan taktik kendaraan lapis baja telah berevolusi selama hampir seabad. Walaupun sistem senjata dan
pelindung tank masih terus dikembangkan, banyak negara yang mulai mempertanyakan kebutuhan kendaraan
berat seperti ini, khususnya dalam era perang non-konvensional.[3]

Sejarah[sunting | sunting sumber]

Artikel utama untuk bagian ini adalah: Sejarah tank

Perang Dunia I: Tank-tank pertama[sunting | sunting sumber]

Mark I Inggris pada Pertempuran Somme.

Kondisi pertempuran Perang Dunia I di Front Barat membuat Angkatan Darat Inggris berpikir untuk
mengembangkan kendaraan yang bisa menyeberangi parit, menghancurkan kawat berduri, dan tidak mempan
ditembak senapan mesin. Prototipe tank pertama kali diuji oleh militer Inggris pada 6 September 1915.
Tank pertama kali dipakai dalam perang ketika Kapten H. W. Mortimore membawa tank Mark I dalam Pertempuran
Somme pada 15 September 1916. Perancis mengembangkan tank Schneider CA1 yang dibuat dari traktor Holt
Caterpillar, dan pertama kali digunakan pada 16 April 1917. Penggunaan tank secara besar-besaran dalam
pertempuran terjadi pada Pertempuran Cambrai pada 21 November 1917.
Perubahan-perubahan pada medan perang dan buruknya kinerja tank memaksa Sekutu untuk terus
mengembangkan konsep tank ini. Tank terus berkembang pada Perang Dunia I, misalnya tank Mark V, yang dibuat
sangat panjang sehingga bisa melewati parit-parit yang lebar sekalipun.

Perkembangan desain dan taktik[sunting | sunting sumber]

Tank Vickers A1E1 Independent buatanInggris ini dibatalkan dan tidak masuk jalur produksi, tapi memengaruhi desain banyak
tank lain.

Pada masa di antara dua perang dunia ini, dikembangkan berbagai macam kelas tank, khususnya di Inggris. Tank
ringan, yang beratnya kurang dari sepuluh ton, digunakan untuk tugas pemantauan, dan hanya dipersenjatai
senapan mesin ringan yang hanya ampuh digunakan melawan tank ringan lainnya. Tank sedang atau tank cruiser,
lebih berat dan bertujuan untuk perjalanan cepat jarak jauh. Dan yang terakhir, tank berat atau tank infanteri, adalah
tank dengan lapisan pelindung yang berat, yang berjalan lambat. Tank ini dibuat untuk digunakan untuk menembus
pertahanan bersama-sama dengan infanteri. Pelindungnya yang berat membuatnya bisa tahan ditembak senjata
anti-tank. Setelah tank berat dan infanteri berhasil melubangi garis pertahanan lawan, tank sedang akan dikirim
melalui lubang tersebut dan menyerang jalur logistik dan satuan komandan. Taktik seperti ini akhirnya
dikembangkan oleh Jerman dalam konsep blitzkrieg.[4]

Tank pada Perang Dunia II[sunting | sunting sumber]

Tank berat Jerman, Tiger I.

Perang Dunia II mendapati perkembangan pesat pada tank. Jerman misalnya, menggunakan tank-tank ringan
seperti Panzer I yang sebelumnya digunakan hanya untuk latihan. Tank-tank ringan dan kendaraan lapis baja
lainnya menjadi unsur paling penting dalam blitzkrieg. Namun, tank ringan ini kalah menghadapi tank Inggris dan
lebih lagi melawan tank legendaris T-34 milik Uni Soviet. Dan pada akhir perang semua pihak telah secara drastis
menambah ukuran meriam dan pelindung tank. Misalnya, Panzer I hanya memakai dua senapan mesin, dan
Panzer IV, tank paling berat Jerman pada awal Perang Dunia II menggunakan meriam 75 mmkecepatan rendah,
dan beratnya di bawah 20 ton. Pada akhir perang, tank menengah standar Jerman, Panther, menggunakan meriam
75 mm kecepatan tinggi, dan beratnya 45 ton. Tank menengah standar Soviet, T-34, menggunakan meriam 85 mm
kecepatan sedang, dan beratnya 32 ton. Tank terberatnya, IS-2, bahkan menggunakan meriam 122 mm, dan
beratnya 43,5 ton.
Perkembangan semasa perang lain adalah diperkenalkannya sistem suspensi yang jauh lebih baik. Mungkin hal ini
terdengar tidak penting, tapi kualitas suspensi adalah penentu kinerja cross-country tank. Tank dengan suspensi
yang buruk akan mengakibatkan getaran yang besar yang dirasakan pengendara, ini akan mengakibatkan sulitnya
pengoperasian, mengurangi kecepatan, dan membuat penembakan sambil berjalan menjadi tidak mungkin. Sistem
suspensi baru seperti sistem suspensi Christie atau suspensi torsion bar meningkatkan kinerja dan kecepatan
secara drastis.[5]
Meriam berputar, yang sebelumnya tidak tersedia pada semua tank, dianggap sebagai hal yang sangat penting.
[4]
Meriam ini harus bisa digunakan melawan tank lain, jadi diusahakan sebesar dan sekuat mungkin, sehingga
berarti tank cukup memiliki satu meriam yang harus sangat kuat. Akibatnya, desain tank dengan banyak meriam,
seperti T-28 dan T-35 buatan Uni Soviet, ditinggalkan.

Perang Dingin dan seterusnya[sunting | sunting sumber]

Kompi tank Polandia yang memakai T-54.

Setelah Perang Dunia II dan memasuki Perang Dingin, negara-negara maju dan adikuasa mengambil pelajaran
dari Jerman dalam penggunaan kekuatan tank. Tambahan ancaman perang nuklir dan kimia membuat tank juga
dilengkapi perlengkapan perang nuklir dan kimia. Kemajuan dalam teknologi meriam dan amunisinya membuat tank
semakin ditakuti, dan masing-masing negara berlomba-lomba untuk menyempurnakan teknologinya.
Namun justru ancaman terbesar tank saat ini adalah pasukan infanteri yang dilengkapi dengan persenjataan ringan
yang memiliki daya hancur yang dahsyat, dengan mengembangkan peluru kendali anti-tank jinjing yang merupakan
hasil pengembangan daribazoka pada Perang Dunia II. Ditambah dengan berkembangnya kemampuan angkatan
udara dengan helikopter tempur yang memiliki kemampuan anti-tank.

Perlindungan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Tank T-72 dengan balok perlindungan reaktif.

Tank tempur utama (Main battle tank, MBT) adalah kendaraan tempur yang memiliki perlindungan paling kuat di
medan perang. Perlindungannya dirancang untuk melindungi tank dan pengendaranya dari semua bahaya,
termasuk penetrator energi kinetik yang ditembakkan tank lain, peluru kendali anti-tank (ATGM) yang
ditembakkan infanteri atau pesawat udara, dan ranjau. Tetapi jumlah perlindungan yang dibutuhkan untuk
melindungi tank dari segala arah akan sangat berat dan tidak memungkinkan; oleh karena itu dalam perancangan
sebuat tank harus ditemukan keseimbangan yang tepat antara perlindungan dengan berat.
Ada banyak jenis perlindungan. Perlindungan yang paling sering ditemukan adalah perlindungan pasif, yaitu
lapisan logam, baja, atau keramik. Tipe perlindungan yang lain adalah perlindungan reaktif. Perlindungan reaktif ini
meledak ke arah luar, dan mengubah arah proyektil yang datang. Perlindungan reaktif akan berupa balok yang
ditempelkan, bukan lapisan yang permanen. Perlindungan reaktif cocok dipakai melawan proyektil berhulu ledak
dan perlindungan pasif cocok melawan proyektil penetrator energi kinetik.
Pembagian ketebalan lapis baja tidak merata. Pada umumnya, lapisan paling tebal ada pada bagian depan tank
dan bagian depanmeriam. Lapisan pada samping dan atas tank biasanya lebih tipis, sedangkan bagian belakang
tankkhususnya bagian di atas mesinmemiliki lapisan yang paling tipis.

Persenjataan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Peluru penetrator energi kinetik.

Senjata utama tank adalah meriamnya, yang ukurannya hanya dilampaui oleh howitzer artileri yang besar. Biasanya
ukuran kaliber tank Barat adalah 120 mm dan tank Timur 125 mm. Meriam tank bisa menembakkan
peluru penetrator energi kinetik (KE) dan peluru high explosive (HE). Beberapa tank juga bisa
menembakkan rudal atau roket melalui meriamnya, yang dapat memperjauh jarak jangkauan dan memungkinkan
untuk menghancurkan target udara. Pada umumnya tank memiliki senapan mesin yang sejajar (coaxial) dengan
meriam utama. Senapan mesin ini umumnya berkaliber kecil antara 7,62 mm sampai 12,7 mm untuk digunakan
menghadapi target infanteri, tetapi ada beberapa tank Perancis yang menggunakan senjata coaxial kaliber besar
20 mm seperti tank AMX-30, yang bisa digunakan untuk menghancurkan kendaraan lapis baja ringan. Selain

meriam utama dan senjata sekunder, tank juga biasa dilengkapi dengan senapan mesin anti pesawat udara yang
berada di atap tank.
Dahulu, meriam tank dibidik menggunakan mata saja sehingga kurang akurat, apalagi bila tank sedang berjalan
ketika meriam akan ditembakkan. Sekarang tank modern memiliki banyak peralatan canggih untuk membantu
meningkatkan akurasi. Giroskop digunakan untuk menstabilkan meriam utama; pengukur laser digunakan untuk
menghitung jarak ke target; komputer digunakan untuk mengkalkulasikan ketinggian dan sudut tembak, dengan
memperhitungkan kecepatan angin, suhu udara, dan faktor-faktor lainnya.

Tank M1 Abrams menembakkan meriam 120 mm.

Hampir semua tank tempur utama memiliki pelontar granat asap, yang dengan cepat bisa menyebarkan sebuah
selimut asap yang akan melindungi tank bila sedang mundur atau disergap. Selimut asap ini tidak dipakai secara
ofensif, karena asap juga akan menutupi penglihatan para penyerang, dan asap ini dapat memberitahukan kepada
musuh bahwa serangan akan segera dilakukan. Tetapi pada beberapa tank seperti tank Perancis Leclerc, pelontar
granat asap ini juga bisa digunakan untuk menembakkan gas air mata dan granat anti personel.

Mesin[sunting | sunting sumber]

Mesin tank Leopard 2.

Penggantian mesin M1A1 Abrams.

Tank pada umumnya memakai mesin diesel, karena diesel tidak mudah terbakar walaupun terkena panas yang
sangat tinggi. Pada beberapa rancangan, seperti pada tank MerkavaIsrael, tangki bahan bakar diesel diletakkan
mengitari kru, dan secara efektif menjadi lapisan pelindung kedua. Selain itu, mesin diesel juga lebih ekonomis dan
bisa memberikan jangkauan yang lebih banyak dari mesin lain. Kelemahannya adalah mesin diesel sulit untuk
dinyalakan dan terasa kurang bertenaga. Selain itu, asap tebal yang dihasilkan juga menyulitkan untuk menyerang
secara diam-diam. Penggunaan mesin bensin memiliki kelemahan yang bertolak belakang dengan mesin
diesel. Bensin sangat mudah terbakar, mengharuskan tangkinya diletakkan jauh dari kru. Selain itu, jarak
jangkaunya lebih kecil. Keunggulannya adalah mesinnya dapat lebih mudah dinyalakan dan bertenaga tinggi, serta
suaranya lebih kecil dari mesin diesel dan mesin turbin. Tank-tank yang lebih baru seperti tank
Leopard Jermanmemiliki mesin pembakaran dalam multi-bahan bakar, yang dapat menerima diesel, bensin, dan
bahan bakar lainnya.
Mesin turbin juga populer pada tank-tank terbaru. Mesin ini bisa mengeluarkan tenaga yang besar dan lebih efisien
dari mesin lainnya. Kelemahannya adalah, pada kecepatan paling rendah pun mesin ini tetap mengonsumsi bahan
bakar seperti biasa, yang jauh lebih banyak daripada mesin lain pada kecepatan rendah. Pada Perang Teluk, M1
Abrams Amerika Serikat membakar banyak bahan bakar hanya untuk tetap menyalakan peralatan infra-merah dan
elektronik lainnya, sementara tank lain dapat menghemat bahan bakar dengan menurunkan kecepatan mesin.

Pergerakan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Roda rantai pada tank Leclerc.

Kendaraan pengangkut tank.

Sebuah tank tempur utama dirancang untuk memiliki mobilitas tinggi dan dapat melewati segala macam medan.
Tank menggunakan dua atau empat tapak rantai untuk bergerak. Rantai ini digerakkan oleh sebuah roda besar di
tiap tapaknya yang menyalurkan tenaga dari mesin. Roda rantainya yang lebar menyebarkan tekanan yang
dihasilkan oleh beratnya tank, membuat tekanan yang dihasilkan dapat setara dengan kaki manusia. [6] Jenis medan
yang sangat menyulitkan tank adalah tanah yang sangat lembut seperti rawa, dan medan berbatu yang memiliki
batu-batu besar. Pada medan "biasa", tank diharapkan bisa berjalan dengan kecepatan 3050 km/jam, dan
kecepatan dijalanan bisa mencapai 70 km/jam.

Meskipun begitu, logistik pergerakan tank tidak mudah. Di atas kertas, atau ketika uji coba selama beberapa jam,
sebuah tank memang memiliki kemampuan off-road yang mengungguli kendaraan roda biasa apapun. Di atas
jalananpun, kecepatannya juga tidak jauh berbeda dengan kendaraan lapis baja beroda biasa. Namun dalam
praktiknya, kecepatan tinggi tank hanya bisa digunakan untuk beberapa saat, sebelum terjadi kerusakan mekanis.
Tank tidak bisa senantiasa berjalan pada kecepatan tertinggi, dan harus berhenti secara rutin untuk melakukan
perbaikan pencegahan agar selalu siap untuk bertempur.
Karena tank yang tidak bisa bergerak merupakan target yang mudah bagi mortir dan artileri, kecepatan biasanya
tidak dipakai secara maksimum, dan selalu diusahakan untuk selalu menggerakan tank dengan kendaraan
pengangkut tank atau kereta api, untuk menghemat tenaga tank. Tank pada akhirnya akan bergantung pada kereta
api dan infrastruktur rel kereta api, karena tak ada angkatan bersenjata yang memiliki cukup banyak kendaraan
pengangkut tank untuk mengangkut semua tank mereka. Karena itulah, jembatan rel kereta api danstasiun rel
kereta api merupakan target utama bagi mereka-mereka yang ingin memperlambat laju serangan tank.

Catatan kaki[sunting | sunting sumber]

1.

^ Eschel (2007), Assessing the performance of Merkava Tanks

2.

^ Willmott (2003), First World War

3.

^ Tomes (2004) in Relearning Counterinsurgency Warfare

4.

^ a b Deighton (1979), Blitzkrieg, From the rise of Hitler to the fall of Dunkirk.

5.

^ Deighton (1979), Blitzkrieg, From the rise of Hitler to the fall of Dunkirk, pp. 154

6.

^ Thompson and Sorvig (2000), Sustainable Landscape Construction: A Guide to Green Building Outdoors,
p.51

Daftar pustaka[sunting | sunting sumber]

Ogorkiewicz, Richard M. (1991). Technology of Tanks. Jane's Information Group, Coulsdon, Surrey. ISBN 0-7106-05951.

Ogorkiewicz, Richard M. Design and Development of Armored Fighting Vehicles.

Time Life Books editors (1990). The Armored Fist. Time-Life Books, Alexandria Va. ISBN 0-8094-8608-3; ISBN 0-80948704-7; ISBN 0-8094-8705-5.

Weeks, John (1975). Men Against Tanks: A History of Anti-Tank Warfare. Mason Charter, New York. ISBN 0-88405-1307; ISBN 0-7153-6909-1 (British printing).

Macksey, Ken. Tank Warfare.

Forty, G. The world encyclopedia of Tanks. Lorenz Books, 2006.

Col. Eshel, David (2007), Assessing the performance of Merkava Tanks, Defense Update, diakses tanggal 2008-05-16

Wickert, Matthias (January 2007). "Electric Armor Against Shaped Charges: Analysis of Jet Distortion With Respect to
Jet Dynamics and Current Flow". IEEE Transaction on Magnetics(IEEE) 43 (1): 426429.
Tomes, Robert R. (2004), Relearning Counterinsurgency Warfare, Parameters, diakses tanggal 2008-05-26

Deighton, Len (1979), Blitzkrieg: From the rise of Hitler to the fall of Dunkirk, Fakenham: Fakenham Press
Limited, ISBN 0-224-01648-2

Thompson, William J. and Sorvig, Kim (2000), Sustainable Landscape Construction: A Guide to Green Building
Outdoors, Island Press, p.