1

UN
Dept. of Peace Keeping
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Topic: Globalization
Course: OTB

BBA 4-b

Submitted to: Ma’am Salma Arif

Group members:
Gilbert Akor Jr.
Nimre’ Shahzada
Maham Saeed
Humay Wasim
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Table of Contents:

Chap Content Page

ter

Ch 1 Topic: Globalization 4

Ch 2 The UN: About, mission statement and 8

Organizational Structure

Ch 3 Introduction summary 15
Literature review
Findings from the Interview

Ch 4 Articles on Globalization (with 2 point

summaries)

Ch 5 Visiting card and Proof photographs

with the Mr. Winfred Ashiagbor

Ch 6 Animated Globalization
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Chapter 1: Globalization
Globalization describes a process by which regional economies,
societies, and cultures have become integrated through a globe-
spanning network of communication and trade. The term is sometimes
used to refer specifically to economic globalization: the integration of
national economies into the international economy through trade,
foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of
technology. However, globalization is usually recognized as being
driven by a combination of economic, technological, socio cultural,
political, and biological factors. The term can also refer to the
transnational circulation of ideas, languages, or popular culture
through acculturation.

An early description of globalization was penned by the American

entrepreneur-turned-minister Charles Taze Russell who coined the
term 'corporate giants' in 1897, although it was not until the 1960s
that the term began to be widely used by economists and other social
scientists. The term has since then achieved widespread use in the
mainstream press by the later half of the 1980s. Since its inception,
the concept of globalization has inspired numerous competing
definitions and interpretations.
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The United Nations ESCWA has written that globalization "is a widely-
used term that can be defined in a number of different ways. When
used in an economic context, it refers to the reduction and removal of
barriers between national borders in order to facilitate the flow of
goods, capital, and services and labor... although considerable barriers
remain to the flow of labor... Globalization is not a new phenomenon. It
began in the late nineteenth century, but it slowed down during the
period from the start of the First World War until the third quarter of
the twentieth century. This slowdown can be attributed to the inward-
looking policies pursued by a number of countries in order to protect
their respective industries... however, the pace of globalization picked
up rapidly during the fourth quarter of the twentieth century..."

Modern globalization
Globalization, since World War II, is largely the result of planning by
politicians to break down borders hampering trade to increase
prosperity and interdependence thereby decreasing the chance of
future war. Their work led to the Bretton Woods conference, an
agreement by the world's leading politicians to lay down the
framework for international commerce and finance, and the founding
of several international institutions intended to oversee the processes
of globalization.

These institutions include the International Bank for Reconstruction

and Development (the World Bank), and the International Monetary
Fund. Globalization has been facilitated by advances in technology
which have reduced the costs of trade, and trade negotiation rounds,
originally under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade (GATT), which led to a series of agreements to remove
restrictions on free trade.

Since World War II, barriers to international trade have been

considerably lowered through international agreements — GATT.
Particular initiatives carried out as a result of GATT and the World
Trade Organization (WTO), for which GATT is the foundation, have
included:

• Promotion of free trade:

o elimination of tariffs; creation of free trade zones with small or

no tariffs

o Reduced transportation costs, especially resulting from

development of containerization for ocean shipping.
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o Reduction or elimination of capital controls

o Reduction, elimination, or harmonization of subsidies for local

businesses

o Creation of subsidies for global corporations

o Harmonization of intellectual property laws across the majority

of states, with more restrictions

o Supranational recognition of intellectual property restrictions

(e.g. patents granted by China would be recognized in the United
States)

Cultural globalization, driven by communication technology and the

worldwide marketing of Western cultural industries, was understood at
first as a process of homogenization, as the global domination of
American culture at the expense of traditional diversity. However, a
contrasting trend soon became evident in the emergence of
movements protesting against globalization and giving new
momentum to the defense of local uniqueness, individuality, and
identity, but largely without success.[

The Uruguay Round (1986 to 1994)[32] led to a treaty to create the

WTO to mediate trade disputes and set up a uniform platform of
trading. Other bilateral and multilateral trade agreements, including
sections of Europe's Maastricht Treaty and the North American Free
Trade Agreement (NAFTA) have also been signed in pursuit of the goal
of reducing tariffs and barriers to trade.

World exports rose from 8.5% in 1970, to 16.2% of total gross world
product in 2001

Measuring globalization
Looking specifically at economic globalization demonstrates that it can
be measured in different ways. These center around the four main
economic flows that characterize globalization:

• Goods and services, e.g., exports plus imports as a proportion of

national income or per capita of population

• Labor/people, e.g., net migration rates; inward or outward

migration flows, weighted by population

• Capital, e.g., inward or outward direct investment as a

proportion of national income or per head of population
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• Technology, e.g., international research & development flows;

proportion of populations (and rates of change thereof) using
particular inventions (especially 'factor-neutral' technological
advances such as the telephone, motorcar, broadband)

As globalization is not only an economic phenomenon, a multivariate

approach to measuring globalization is the recent index calculated by
the Swiss think tank KOF. The index measures the three main
dimensions of globalization: economic, social, and political. In addition
to three indices measuring these dimensions, an overall index of
globalization and sub-indices referring to actual economic flows,
economic restrictions, data on personal contact, data on information
flows, and data on cultural proximity is calculated. Data is available on
a yearly basis for 122 countries, as detailed in Dreher, Gaston and
Martens (2008).[34] According to the index, the world's most
globalized country is Belgium, followed by Austria, Sweden, the United
Kingdom and the Netherlands. The least globalized countries
according to the KOF-index are Haiti, Myanmar, the Central African
Republic and Burundi.[35]

Negative effects of globalization

Globalization has been one of the most hotly debated topics in
international economics over the past few years. Globalization has also
generated significant international opposition over concerns that it has
increased inequality and environmental degradation.[68] In the
Midwestern United States, globalization has eaten away at its
competitive edge in industry and agriculture, lowering the quality of
life in locations that have not adapted to the change

Effect on disease
Globalization, the flow of information, goods, capital and people across
political and geographic boundaries, has also helped to spread some
of the deadliest infectious diseases known to humans

Brain drain
Opportunities in richer countries drives talent away from poorer
countries, leading to brain drains. Brain drain has cost the African
continent over $4.1 billion in the employment of 150,000 expatriate
professionals annually.[78] Indian students going abroad for their
higher studies costs India a foreign exchange outflow of $10 billion
annually

Economic liberalization
The world today is so interconnected that the collapse of the subprime
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mortgage market in the U.S. has led to a global financial crisis and
recession on a scale not seen since the Great Depression.[80]
Government deregulation and failed regulation of Wall Street's
investment banks were important contributors to the subprime
mortgage crisis

Food security
The head of the International Food Policy Research Institute, stated in
2008 that the gradual change in diet among newly prosperous
populations is the most important factor underpinning the rise in
global food prices.

Drug and illicit goods trade

The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) issued a
report that the global drug trade generates more than $320 billion a
year in revenues.[115] Worldwide, the UN estimates there are more
than 50 million regular users of heroin, cocaine and synthetic drugs
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Chapter 2: The UN: About, mission Statement and

organizational Structure
About The Organization
United Nations peacekeeping is a unique and dynamic instrument
developed by the Organization as a way to help countries torn by
conflict creates the conditions for lasting peace. The first UN
peacekeeping mission was established in 1948, when the Security
Council authorized the deployment of UN military observers to the
Middle East to monitor the Armistice Agreement between Israel and its
Arab neighbours. Since then, there have been a total of 63 UN
peacekeeping operations around the world.
The term "peacekeeping" is not found in the United Nations Charter
and defies simple definition. Dag Hammarskjöld, the second UN
Secretary-General, referred to it as belonging to "Chapter Six and a
Half" of the Charter, placing it between traditional methods of
resolving disputes peacefully, such as negotiation and mediation
under Chapter VI, and more forceful action as authorized under
Chapter VII.
Over the years, UN peacekeeping has evolved to meet the demands of
different conflicts and a changing political landscape. Born at the time
when the Cold War rivalries frequently paralyzed the Security Council,
UN peacekeeping goals were primarily limited to maintaining
ceasefires and stabilizing situations on the ground, so that efforts
could be made at the political level to resolve the conflict by peaceful
means. Those missions consisted of military observers and lightly
armed troops with monitoring, reporting and confidence-building roles
in support of ceasefires and limited peace agreements.
With the end of the Cold War, the strategic context for UN
peacekeeping dramatically changed, prompting the Organization to
shift and expand its field operations from “traditional” missions
involving strictly military tasks, to complex “multidimensional”
enterprises designed to ensure the implementation of comprehensive
peace agreements and assist in laying the foundations for sustainable
peace. Today’s peacekeepers undertake a wide variety of complex
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tasks, from helping to build sustainable institutions of governance, to

human rights monitoring, to security sector reform, to the
disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of former combatants.
The nature of conflicts has also changed over the years. Originally
developed as a means of dealing with inter-State conflict, UN
peacekeeping has been increasingly applied to intra-State conflicts
and civil wars. Although the military remain the backbone of most
peacekeeping operations, the many faces of peacekeeping now
include administrators and economists, police officers and legal
experts, de-miners and electoral observers, human rights monitors
and specialists in civil affairs and governance, humanitarian workers
and experts in communications and public information.
UN peacekeeping continues to evolve, both conceptually and
operationally, to meet new challenges and political realities. Faced
with the rising demand for increasingly complex peace operations, the
United Nations in the past few years has been overstretched and
challenged as never before. The Organization has worked vigorously to
strengthen its capacity to manage and sustain field operations and,
thus, contribute to the most important function of the United Nations –
maintaining international peace and security.

Nature of peacekeeping
Peacekeeping is anything that contributes to the furthering of a peace
process, once established. This includes, but is not limited to, the
monitoring of withdrawal by combatants from a former conflict area,
the supervision of elections, and the provision of reconstruction aid.
Peacekeepers are often soldiers, but they do not have to be. Similarly,
while soldier-peacekeepers are sometimes armed, they do not have to
engage in combat.
Peacekeepers were not at first expected to ever fight. As a general
rule, they were deployed when the ceasefire was in place and the
parties to the conflict had given their consent. They were deployed to
observe from the ground and report impartially on adherence to the
ceasefire, troop withdrawal or other elements of the peace agreement.
This gave time and breathing space for diplomatic efforts to address
the underlying causes of conflict.
Thus, a distinction must be drawn between peacekeeping and other
operations aimed at peace. A common misconception is that activities
such as NATO's intervention in the Kosovo War are peacekeeping
operations, when they were, in reality, peace enforcement. That is,
since NATO was seeking to impose peace, rather than maintain peace,
they were not peacekeepers, rather peacemakers.
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Formation
Australian peacekeepers in East Timor.Once a peace treaty has been
negotiated, the parties involved might ask the United Nations for a
peacekeeping force to oversee various elements of the agreed upon
plan. This is often done because a group controlled by the United
Nations is less likely to follow the interests of any one party, since it
itself is controlled by many groups, namely the 15-member Security
Council and the intentionally-diverse United Nations Secretariat.
If the Security Council approves the creation of a mission, then the
Department of Peacekeeping Operations begins planning for the
necessary elements. At this point, the senior leadership team is
selected (see below). The department will then seek contributions
from member nations. Since the UN has no standing force or supplies,
it must form ad hoc coalitions for every task undertaken. Doing so
results in both the possibility of failure to form a suitable force, and a
general slowdown in procurement once the operation is in the field.
Romeo Dallaire, force commander in Rwanda during the genocide
there, described the problems this poses by comparison to more
traditional military deployments:
"He told me the UN was a 'pull' system, not a 'push' system like I had
been used to with NATO, because the UN had absolutely no pool of
resources to draw on. You had to make a request for everything you
needed, and then you had to wait while that request was
analyzed...For instance, soldiers everywhere have to eat and drink. In
a push system, food and water for the number of soldiers deployed is
automatically supplied. In a pull system, you have to ask for those
rations, and no common sense seems to ever apply."
While the peacekeeping force is being assembled, a variety of
diplomatic activities are being undertaken by UN staff. The exact size
and strength of the force must be agreed to by the government of the
nation whose territory the conflict is on. The Rules of Engagement
must be developed and approved by both the parties involved and the
Security Council. These give the specific mandate and scope of the
mission (e.g. when may the peacekeepers, if armed, use force, and
where may they go within the host nation). Often, it will be mandated
that peacekeepers have host government minders with them
whenever they leave their base. This complexity has caused problems
in the field.
When all agreements are in place, the required personnel are
assembled, and final approval has been given by the Security Council,
the peacekeepers are deployed to the region in question.
Cost
Peacekeeping costs, especially since the end of the Cold War, have
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risen dramatically. In 1993, annual UN peacekeeping costs had peaked

at some $3.6 billion, reflecting the expense of operations in the former
Yugoslavia and Somalia. By 1998, costs had dropped to just under $1
billion. With the resurgence of larger-scale operations, costs for UN
peacekeeping rose to $3 billion in 2001. In 2004, the approved budget
was $2.8 billion, although the total amount was higher than that. For
the fiscal year which ended on June 30, 2006, UN peacekeeping costs
were about US$5.03 billion.
All member states are legally obliged to pay their share of
peacekeeping costs under a complex formula that they themselves
have established. Despite this legal obligation, member states owed
approximately $1.20 billion in current and back peacekeeping dues as
of June 2004.

Participation
Alpine Helicopters contract Bell 212 on UN peacekeeping duty in
Guatemala, 1998.
San Martin Camp in Cyprus. The Argentine contingent includes troops
from other Latin American countries.
Indian Army T-72 tanks with UN markings as part of Operation
CONTINUE HOPE. The UN Charter stipulates that to assist in
maintaining peace and security around the world, all member states of
the UN should make available to the Security Council necessary armed
forces and facilities. Since 1948, close to 130 nations have contributed
military and civilian police personnel to peace operations. While
detailed records of all personnel who have served in peacekeeping
missions since 1948 are not available, it is estimated that up to one
million soldiers, police officers and civilians have served under the UN
flag in the last 56 years. As of March 2008, 113 countries were
contributing a total 88,862 military observers, police, and troops.
Despite the large number of contributors, the greatest burden
continues to be borne by a core group of developing countries, who
often profit financially from their participation in such missions.
[citation needed] The 10 main troop-contributing countries to UN
peacekeeping operations as of March 2007 were Pakistan (10,173),
Bangladesh (9,675), India (9,471), Nepal (3,626), Jordan (3,564),
Uruguay (2,583), Italy (2,539), Ghana (2,907), Nigeria (2,465), and
France (1,975).

The head of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Under-

Secretary-General Jean-Marie Guéhenno, has reminded Member States
that “the provision of well-equipped, well-trained and disciplined
military and police personnel to UN peacekeeping operations is a
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collective responsibility of Member States. Countries from the South

should not and must not be expected to shoulder this burden alone”.
As of March 2008, in addition to military and police personnel, 5,187
international civilian personnel, 2,031 UN Volunteers and 12,036 local
civilian personnel worked in UN peacekeeping missions.
Through April 2008, 2,468 people from over 100 countries have been
killed while serving on peacekeeping missions.[8] Many of those came
from India (127), Canada (114) and Ghana (113). Thirty percent of the
fatalities in the first 55 years of UN peacekeeping occurred in the
years 1993-1995.

United Nations peacekeeping missions involving Pakistan

UN peacekeeping missions involving Pakistan covers a long and

cherished history of Pakistani involvement with the United Nations.
Pakistan joined the United Nations on 30 September, 1947. Since
1960, Pakistan has been actively involved in most of the UN
Peacekeeping missions and today stands at the top with 10,175 troops
and observers serving in current missions. Some of the major
contributions were in Somalia, Sierra Leone, Bosnia, Congo and
Liberia.

Peacekeeping, as defined by the United Nations, is a way to help

countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace. UN
peacekeepers—soldiers and military officers, civilian police officers
and civilian personnel from many countries—monitor and observe
peace processes that emerge in post-conflict situations and assist ex-
combatants in implementing the peace agreements they have signed.
Such assistance comes in many forms, including confidence-building
measures, power-sharing arrangements, electoral support,
strengthening the rule of law, and economic and social development.
All operations must include the resolution of conflicts through the use
of force to be considered valid under the charter of the United Nations.

Foundation
“ " Our foreign policy is one of friendliness and goodwill towards all the
nations of the world. We believe in the principle of honesty and fair
play in national and international dealings and are prepared to make
our utmost contribution to the promotion of peace and prosperity
among the nations of the world. Pakistan will never be found lacking in
extending its material and moral support to the oppressed and
suppressed peoples of the world and in upholding the principles of the
United Nations Charter." Quaid-E-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the
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founder of Pakistan.

Women in Peacekeeping: The Power to Empower

Over the past six decades, United Nations peacekeeping has evolved
into one of the main tools used by the international community to
manage complex crises that threaten international peace and security.
Today, more than 110,000 men and women serve as peacekeepers –
military, police and civilian – in 16 peacekeeping operations around
the world, from the arid lands of Darfur, to the mountains of the
Democratic Republic of the Congo to the shores of Haiti. The number
of countries that now contribute police and military personnel has
reached 120, an all time high. This participation not only bolsters the
strength of UN operations; it is also a clear demonstration of
widespread respect for, dependence on and confidence in United
Nations peacekeeping.
In 2000, the UN Security Council adopted its landmark Resolution 1325
on Women, Peace and Security. For the first time in an omnibus
resolution, the Council recognized that women bear the brunt of
armed conflicts, and should have a commensurate role in their
prevention and resolution.
The resolution stressed the importance of women’s equal participation
and full involvement in all efforts for the maintenance and promotion
of peace and security. Among its many recommendations, the
resolution called for an expansion of the role and contribution of
women in United Nations peacekeeping operations, including in
military, police, and civilian roles, as well as in positions of leadership.
After the adoption of Resolution 1325, the United Nations
Headquarters, peacekeeping operations and Member States have
been working to meet these goals, but progress is far from
satisfactory. On the civilian side, the percentage of women recruited,
hired and deployed by the Secretariat to work in peacekeeping
operations has reached 30 per cent, bringing gender parity well within
reach. Progress has been much slower on the uniformed components
of UN peacekeeping operations, which Member States contribute and
now have less than 3 per cent women. This includes 8 per cent of the
10,000 police officers and 2 per cent of the 80,000 military personnel.
Peacekeeping has evolved from its traditional role of monitoring
ceasefire agreements and borders between sovereign States to
carrying out large scale multi-dimensional peacekeeping operations
often addressing civil wars. These newer missions are mandated to
facilitate political processes through the promotion of national
dialogue and reconciliation; protect civilians; assist in the
disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of combatants; support
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the organization of elections; protect and promote human rights;

promote reform of the domestic security sector; and assist in restoring
the rule of law.
These expanded responsibilities make the need for more women
peacekeepers more pressing than ever. In all of these fields, women
peacekeepers have proven that they can perform the same roles, to
the same standards and under the same difficult conditions, as their
male counterparts. In many cases, women are better-placed to carry
out peacekeeping tasks, including interviewing victims of sexual and
gender-based violence, working in women’s prisons, assisting female
ex-combatants during the process of demobilizing and reintegration
into civilian life, and mentoring female cadets at police academies.
Adding to the value of this contribution, female peacekeepers act as
role models in the local environment, inspiring, by their very example,
women and girls in the often male-dominated societies where they
serve. Demonstrating to these women and girls that they can do
anything – in the realm of politics, security, law and order, medicine,
journalism and beyond – the female blue helmets truly embody the
concept, “Power to Empower.”

Mission Statement of the Department of Peacekeeping

Operations

In accordance with the purposes and principles enshrined in the

Charter of the United Nations, the Department of Peacekeeping
Operations (DPKO) is dedicated to assisting the Member States and
the Secretary-General in their efforts to maintain international peace
and security. The Department's mission is to plan, prepare, manage
and direct UN peacekeeping operations, so that they can effectively
fulfil their mandates under the overall authority of the Security Council
and General Assembly, and under the command vested in the
Secretary-General.
DPKO provides political and executive direction to UN peacekeeping
operations, and maintains contact with the Security Council, troop and
financial contributors, and parties to the conflict in the implementation
of Security Council mandates. The Department works to integrate the
efforts of UN, governmental and non-governmental entities in the
context of peacekeeping operations. DPKO also provides guidance and
support on military, police, mine action and other relevant issues to
other UN political and peacebuilding missions.
Each peacekeeping operation has a specific set of mandated tasks, but
all share certain common aims – to alleviate human suffering, and
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create conditions and build institutions for self-sustaining peace. The

substantial presence of a peacekeeping operation on the ground
contributes to this aim by introducing the UN as a third party with a
direct impact on the political process. In exercise of its tasks, DPKO
aims to minimize the many risks to which peacekeepers may be
exposed in the field.
Peacekeeping operations may consist of several components,
including a military component, which may or may not be armed, and
various civilian components encompassing a broad range of
disciplines. Depending on their mandate, peacekeeping missions may
be required to:
Deploy to prevent the outbreak of conflict or the spill-over of conflict
across borders;
Stabilize conflict situations after a cease fire, to create an environment
for the parties to reach a lasting peace agreement;
Assist in implementing comprehensive peace agreements;
Lead states or territories through a transition to stable government,
based on democratic principles, good governance and economic
development.

Organizational Structure of UN department of Peacekeeping

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Chapter 3: Paper [A brief intro to the UN, Literature review of

articles & The interview]
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The Interview with Mr. Winfred Ashiagbor

‘’Wherever I go I make Heaven out of it’’ – Mr. Winfred

1. How long have you been working for the UNPK and in that span how many
countries have you been placed in?
Ans: Mr. Winfred Ashiagbor has been working for the UNPK (United Nations
Peace Keeping) as a CSO (Chief Safety Officer) for nearly 4 years now. He is
originally from Ghana and prior to getting placed in Islamabad he was with
the UN in Sudan.

2. How is like to work with people from different cultures?

Ans: From Mr. Winfred’s point of view, it’s not easy, but it is not an issue for
him, as his work is his main priority. He has to keep focus on what he’s doing
and the motive behind it. He however does believe that people from different
cultures have extremely different views. From things like taking dinner late,
gender bias, etc. in Pakistan. He says It is mainly about perception, in the
UN you are tested, of you capabilities, your respect for the opposite gender,
respect for other cultures/ethnicities/religions, your sustainability and
reliance, how easy it is for you to cope.

3. How difficult is it to adjust and break down cultural barriers?

Ans: Since Mr. Winfred is always on the go, it is part of his Job. He only
interacts with people at work, or when its issues regarding work. Other than
that due to security reason he is not allowed to socialize.

4. On an average, how much do you need to communicate/ visit your

employees/sub ordinates/head quarters in other countries?
Ans: There is a need to communicate all the time, countless times. From
work, and when at field stations ( Skardu, gilgit etc.) Other than that, Mr.
Winfred on an average travels out of country every six weeks, and two
months out of a year he is completely on the go to places like Rome,
Germany etc. In Islamabad Mr. Winfred Travel’s on a weekly basis to the
northern areas. Since he started working for the UN Mr. Winfred has been to
28 counties and 98 cities. To have a great career in the Un you must be as
mobile as it gets.
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5. What means of communication are used to do this?

Ans: The telephone, internet, video conferencing. When they go to field
stations and places with no signals, a vehicle radio is used. He spoke of the
very advanced technology that is being used by the UN. Travelling within
Pakistan is does via cars, with out security which poses to be a great threat.
Where as travelling overseas, airplanes are used, of course.

6. From your perspective what are the major disadvantages of working in a

global organization, those that you personally feel?
Ans: When this question was asked Mr. Winfred smirked, as though there
were a tremendous amount of disadvantages. He was kind to share them us.
Mr. Winfred says being away from his family is by far the biggest challenge.
Sometimes you are posted to places like Pakistan, or you have to visit
countries and cities due to work, where you always fear the safety of your
life.

7. How big a barrier is language?

Ans: Mr. Winfred said there were some standards you have to meet in order
to be part of the UN and one of that is being Smart. If you are smart, then
language is not a barrier. The main 3 languages someone working in the UN
should know are English, French and Spanish.

8. How much of an issue is it that the same organization in one part of the
world uses extremely Hi technology and in other parts the technology is not
sufficient enough?
Ans: There is not much of a difference from the technology used by the UN
here in Pakistan and from that which is used in more advanced countries.
The technology is the same, but not enough, as the Government of Pakistan
does not allow it, in case the UN is a spy. He says that the advanced ever-
evolving technology of today is what has made globalization possible and
increasingly prevalent across the world.

9. Does the country you are working in affect the standard of your work, or
your level of job satisfaction?
Ans: Mr. Winfred answered if you have the right attitude and the right
perspective, you would not complain. His standard of work is increased the
more risky and more challenging the situation he is in gets.
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Chapter 4: Articles on Globalization [Attached]

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Chapter 5: Pictures with Mr. Winfred Ashiagbor

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Due to security reasons Mr. Winfred could not provide us with

his visiting card.

Chapter 6: Animated Globalization

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