Human Genetic engineering is A small piece of circular DNA called a plasmid?

is
extracted from the bacteria or yeast cell. A small section is then cut out of the
circular plasmid by restriction enzymes, 'molecular scissors'. The gene for human
insulin is inserted into the gap in the plasmid. This plasmid is now genetically
modified
Genes influence health and disease, as well as human traits and behavior.
Researchers are just beginning to use genetic technology to unravel the genomic
contributions to these different phenotypes, and as they do so, they are also
discovering a variety of other potential applications for this technology. For
Example, ongoing advances make it likely that scientists will someday be able to
genetically engineer humans to possess certain desired traits. Of course, the
possibility of human genetic engineering raises a lot of ethical and legal questions.
Although such questions rarely have clear and definite answers, the expertise and
research of bioethicists, sociologists, anthropologists, and other social scientists can
inform us about how different individuals, cultures, and religions view the ethical
boundaries for the uses of genomics. Such things can assist in the development of
guidelines and policies.
Today, WADA has a new hurdle to overcomethat of gene doping. This
practice is defined as the nontherapeutic use of cells, genes, or genetic elements to
enhance athletic performance. Gene doping takes advantage of cutting-edge
research in gene therapy that involves the transfer of genetic material to human
cells to treat or prevent disease (Well, 2008). Because gene doping increases the
amount of proteins and hormones that cells normally make, testing for genetic
performance enhancers will be very difficult, and a new race is on to develop ways
to detect this form of doping
Today, many people fear that preimplantation genetic diagnosis may be
perfected and could technically be applied to select specific nondisease traits
(rather than eliminate severe disease, as it is currently used) in implanted embryos,
thus amounting to a form of eugenics. In the media, this possibility has been
sensationalized and is frequently referred to as creation of so-called "designer
babies," an expression that has even been included in the Oxford English Dictionary.
Although possible, this genetic technology has not yet been implemented;
nonetheless, it continues to bring up many heated ethical issues.
Advocates of gene editing say that it could eradicate devastating inherited
disease. But others are worried that it crosses an ethical line, allowing children to be
genetically engineered. And because the genetic changes are happening to
embryos the changes will be passed down to future generationsHuang and his
colleagues set out to see if the procedure could replace a gene in a single-cell
fertilized human embryo; in principle, all cells produced as the embryo developed
would then have the repaired gene.
The Chinese team used embryos they obtained from the fertility clinics had been
created for use in IVF but had an extra set of chromosomes, following fertilization by
two sperm, which stops them resulting in a live birth. They injected 86 embryos with
the Cas9 protein and left them for two days to allow the gene-editing to take place.

Genetically engineering 'ethical' babies is a moral obligation, says Oxford professor

Of the 71 embryos that survived, 54 were genetically tested. This revealed that just
28 were successfully spliced, and only a fraction of those contained the replacement
genetic material.