Femtocell

Source:
Airvana Femtocell White Paper (October 2007)
GSMA document FCG.03 3G Femto Solution Implementation Guidelines 1.0 (03
July 2008)
Pendahuluan
Telah muncul kelas baru dari base station mini yang disebut Femtocell (atau terkadang
dipisah menjadi dua kata Femto cell, sama seperti Handover dan Hand off).Femtocell
menawaarkan indoor wireless coverage kepada mobile phone untuk menggunakan
koneksi internet broadband. Istilah femtocell digunakan secara luas di dunia industri,
yang juga bisa diartikan in-house base station. Kebanyakan femtocell menunjukkan
(berfungsi) sebagai 3% in house base station yang mengimplementasikan teknologi
UMTS dan HSPA. Tetapi femtocell juga memungkinkan untuk menjembatani 2G,
CDMA 2000, dan WiMAX ke dalam gedung/rumah. Femtocell juga menunjukkan multi
teknologi in house home Gateway (atau CPE, Customer Premises Equipment) termasuk
DSL, WiFi atau 3G.

Sampai sekarang pangsa pasar femtocell masih secara besar dipengaruhi dan di mainkan
oleh komunitas vendor. Masih ada kemungkinan untuk mendapat arsitektur Femtocell 3G
di dalam spesifikasi 3GPP release 8, untuk mendukung persyaratan MNO (Mobile
Network Operator) untuk standarisasi.

GSMA supports the requirements put forward in 3GPP TS 22.011. In addition, from the
operator
perspective, the femto architecture shall fulfil the following requirements:
R1. Femto solution shall connect to mobile core network with the standard 3GPP interfaces,
Iucs and Iups.
R2. To maximize the ADSL broadband upstream bandwidth usage efficiencies, femtocell
upstreams VPN bandwidth shall not exceed 200 kbps for a combined 4 simultaneous
voice calls, including signalling traffic and overhead.
R3. The uplink and downlink data traffic shall be optimised regarding overhead. Here
different traffic scenarios like keep alive signals or streaming should be considered.
R4. The Voice quality shall not be lower than for 3G calls (e.g. latency, jitter KPI have to be
considered).
R5. The number of interfaces towards the legacy network elements shall be limited (e.g. to
limit the IOTs). This shall be considered also for the evolution towards IMS.
R6. There shall be no need for extra IMS or SIP application servers for the Femtocells only.
R7. The FAP shall not connect directly to critical mobile network equipments (such as HLR,
MSC)
To limit impacts on network if attacks are from the FAP
To limit dimensioning impacts on mobile network equipments
To limit configuration needed in mobile network
R8. Femto solution shall be compatible with all services implemented in the macro mobile
network like e.g.
Compatible with IN solutions (for prepaid or value added services...)
At least same charging possibilities as for the macro network, in addition to
having possibility for specific charging policy for femto services
Legal interception
Emergency calls, including position information
Supplementary voice services
Video services
R9. No macro network re-configuration shall be necessary each time a new FAP is installed.
The FAP together with the FGW shall be responsible to limit the impact on the macro
network. The Cell ID and location areas shall be handled in an optimised way.
R10. To limit the amount of location updates towards the HLR the FGW shall support IuFlex
R11. Interface between FAP and mobile operator equipment (including O&M) shall evolve
towards a standardised interface
To allow introduction of new FAP without having to change the femto
system
The FAP shall be software update capable via e.g. TR069 based methods.
R12. Interface between FAP and mobile network shall be secured based on 3GPP standards.
For more details, refer to FF WG3 and 3GPP SA3 security requirements
documents and the GSMA white paper Security Issues in Femtocell
Deployment.
R13. FAP shall support local traffic offload controlled by mobile operator to fulfil operator
and
regulatory requirements
The local traffic offload shall be based on 3GPP standards as yet to be
defined.

R14. Direct Tunnel capabilities shall be supported to optimise the traffic load on an SGSN.
As
this is based on available standards this shall be available from the beginning.
R15. Evolution/scalability, the femto solution shall be able to evolve to adapt to a possible
boost
of data traffic in a cost effective way.
R16. Femto solution shall provide industry standardized QoS treatment for different type of
traffic across the broadband pipe to the extent possible.
R17. Femto management system shall utilize industry standardized protocol. For further
information look into the GSMA white paper Management of Femtocells.
R18. Femtocells shall support closed user groups as well as open access.

Arsitektur Femtocell
3GPP uses the term Home NodeB (HNB) for 3G femtocells, whereas the term Home
eNodeB
is used for the LTE (3GPP Long Term Evolution) femtocells.
In the Release 8 specification work, two items are work in process:
a Technical Report (TR) on Home NodeB/ Home eNodeB, reported in 3GPP TR 25.820
a TR of self-organising networks (SON) related O&M Interfaces for Home NodeB,
reported in 3GPP TR 32.821

The femtocell access point (FAP) would typically contain functionality:

3GPP Signalling, User Plane, Radio Resource Management
IP transport functions
QoS management functions
Layer-3 Security functions
TR-069 Management functions
Firewall functions (for breaking Internet traffic off at the FAP)
NAT, Security,

 Auto configuration
The femto gateway (FGW) would typically contain functions like
3GPP RANAP
Network timing delivery and synchronisation
Femtocell authentication and authorisation
AP Topology hiding
Network topology hiding
IP Security functions
Femtocell traffic aggregation and routing
Auto configuration

Femtocell memiliki karakteristik:

1. Low cost
2. User installed
3. Low power
4. Broadband connected
5. Based in cellular network standards
6. Compatible with existing mobile handsets
7. Deployed in operator-owned spectrum

Sedangkan bagi pelanggan, femtocell menjanjikan:

1. Increased indoor coverage
2. Higher performance data
3. Improved multimedia experience
4. Better quality voice
5. Enhanced emergency services
6. Converged mobile VoIP services
Sementara Operator membutuhkan (peningkatan) kapasitas dan coverage
Seiring meningkatnya penggunaan mobile phone, operator dipaksa untuk merencanakan
peningkatan kapasitas dan coverage nya. Tetapi untuk mencapai hal tersebut ada
beberapa permasalahan yang cukup fundamental, antara lain:
1. Akuisisi site sangat mahal Lebih dari 50% pembangunan site biaya digunakan
untuk akuisisi site. Disamping masalah community problem, masalah estetika kini
juga menjadi issue yang cukup santer.
2. Denser cells mean more backhaul Solusi micro cell dan pico cell dapat
meningkatkan coverage dan capacity, tapi pengembangan hal ini juga tidak
mudah.
3. Indoor coverate is a stumbling block Dalam pasar GSM, operator dalam
melakukan peralihan ke jaringan UMTS menemukan kendala lebih sulit untuk
dicapai dengan kondisi site yang sudah ada. Biasanya UMTS beroperasi di
frequency tinggi, hal ini yang membuat lebih sulit untuk melakukan penetrasi
terhadap gedung. Sebagai tambahan, peralihan dari low speed SMS menuju high
speed multimedia meningkatkan permintaan terhadapa konsistensi moobile
broadband coverage.
4. Existing phone must be supported
Keuntungan Femtocell untuk operator:
Meskipun akan banyak kendala (sebagaimana teknologi baru yang lain) dihadapi oleh
operator yang ingin mengembangkan femtocell, namun juga menawarkan:
1. Meningkatnya kapasitas jaringan

2.
3.
4.
5.

Lower capital costs

Expanded revenue opportunities
Lowe backhaul costs
Increased customer stickiness and conversion

Hybrid Mobile Networks Emerge

Kombinasi dari femtocells dan wired IP broadband akan menjadi generasi baru dari
jaringan wireless hybrid mobile networks. Sebelumnya, jaringan makro sel yang
dimiliki dan dioperasikan oleh operator mobile. Sebagai private networks, they were
inherently secured by the operatong practices, equipment, and leased line services.
Disisi yang lain, hybrid mobile operator network, akan utilize

Tantangan (teknik) untuk Femtocells

1. Radio interference mitigation
2. Automatic system selection
3. Active macro-femto handoffs
4. Security
5. Scalability
6. Access control
7. Activation and management
Kesimpulan
Femtocell (diharapakan dan semoga) akan mengubah industri mobile. Operator akan
menggunakan femtocell untuk membangun generasi baru dengan biaya rendah, arsitektur
flat yang dapat utilize internet sebagai backhaul dan memberikan kesempatan
peningkatan kapasitas customers. Hybrid mobile network akan meningkatkan platform
untuk new mobile multimedia services, higher revenue, dan pengenalan teknologi baru.
Femtocell juga akan mengubah paradigma customer terhadap mobile broadband.
Coverage mobile yang e
Femtocells will also change the mobile broadband experience for customers. Excellent
wireless coverage in the home will become the norm and not the exception. Femtocells will
raise the bar for high performance broadband wireless and customers will expand the utility
of mobile broadband devices.