interoperability between different vendor systems [28;29].

Single hop BFD is used to

monitor a connectivity cross a link and thus this is limited to peers sharing the
subnet. The BFD specification was further extended to en two peers. Each peer is
configured to send small hello messages to its peer. As far the node receiv

RANs in our prior work, which are fully backward compatible with different kinds of C-RANs
and HetNets. The motivation of H-CRANs is to embed the cloud computing technology into
HetNets to
realize the large-scale cooperative signal processing and networking functionalities, and thus SE
and EE
performances are substantially improved beyond existing HetNets and C-RANs. In the H-CRAN
based
support monitoring of paths consisting several links. This extension is referred as
bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) for multihop paths The BFD is configured
betwe

of operation. The BFD process may operate in single hop or multi hop mode. Single
hop refers to the situation where the peer is within the same subnet and thus only
one layer 3 (L3) hop exists on the path. Multi hop mode refers cases where the peer
node is located in the other subnet and one or more routers are located in between
the peer nodes. The selection of the mode is controlled by node interoperability