ECE4435 Operational Amplifier Design

Spring 2016

Homework 4 (Due Time/Location: April 1st 2016 5:00PM TSRB 534)

Instructor: Professor Hua Wang
Instructions: Place a box around all the answers. Organize your work in an orderly fashion.

A Multiple Feedback All-Pass Filter

1. Show that the following circuit realizes the all-pass function (assuming ideal op-amps). Please
write down the general transfer function with R and C. If R=10k and C=1nF, plot the zeros and
poles on the s-plane.

Bode Plot and s-Plane

2. Please find the transfer function of the filter for the following bode plots. Please also plot the
zeros and poles on the s-plane. Assume that there are no complex zeros or poles.

Universal Active Filters

3. A State Variable Filter (assuming ideal op-amps)
a) Design an equal-component inverting state variable filter in order to achieve 0 =104 rad/s
and =cos-1(1/2Q) = 60. R5=R4=R3=R6=R7=R and C1=C2=C. Assume that only 10k resistors
are available for the design. There is no constraint on the capacitor values. (Hint: Eq 3.81a and
3.81b can be used as design equations.)
b) How would you modify the circuits input to achieve the |H0LP|=-12dB?
4. Synthesizing Arbitrary Zeros by Current-Mode Summing (assuming ideal op-amps)
The state variable active filter in 3.a) simultaneously generates the HP-, BP+, and LPrepresentations of the input signal. Based on this state variable active filter, use inverting
summing circuit to realize the following pole and zero pairs. The DC gain of the new filter
should be -1. Draw the new circuit schematic and denote all the component values. Assume that
only 10k resistors are available for the design. There is no constraint on the capacitor values.
(Hint: First find out the transfer function of the new filter, which tells us how we should
combine the three signals, i.e. HP-, BP+, and LP- representations of the input. For the circuit
design, first put an op-amp follower at the BP node to eliminate its loading effect. Then design
an inverting summing circuit to realize the new filter.)

5. A Universal Filter with Non-inverting Integrator (assuming ideal op-amps)

We discussed non-inverting active integrators in the previous class. Based on the signal flow
diagram method, design a universal filter by using a lossy inverting integrator/summer and a
non-inverting active integrator. The universal filter will realize a LP- and a BP- representation of
the input signal. (Hint: You can modify the signal flow diagram and the circuit schematic of the
biquad filter. You can use the following circuit for a non-inverting active integrator.)
This new universal filter is called ckerberg-Mossberg filter.

6. A Universal Filter with Non-inverting Integrator (assuming ideal op-amps)

For an equal component design of the ckerberg-Mossberg filter in the problem 5, what are
the LP- and BP- transfer functions? (Assume all the resistors have the same value and all the
capacitors have the same value.)
Sensitivity Analysis
7. Derive the following sensitivity equations:
ky

Sx = Sx , where k is independent of x
y

1/y

S1/x = Sx
y y2

Sx 1

= Sx

= Sx 1 + Sx 2

y /y2

Sx 1

= Sx 1 Sx 2
n
Sxx = n
y
y x
Sx1 = Sx2 Sx12

8. For the general State Variable active filter, find the sensitivity functions of the quality factor Q.
Assume that only R1, R2, R4, R5, C1, and C2 experience component variations. Assume
R3=R4=R5=R6=R7=R, C1=C2=C, and R2=2R1.
Q=

(1 + R 2 /R1 )R 5 R 6 C1 /R 4 R 7 C2
1 + R 5 /R 3 + R 5 /R 4
Q

(Hint: First use the conclusions in 7 to derive SR1 , SR2 , SR4 , SR5 , SC1 , and SC2 . Then use the
conditions of R3=R4=R5=R6=R7=R, C1=C2=C, and R2=2R1 to calculate the actual values of the
sensitivity functions.)
9. For the sensitivity functions calculated in 8, compute the variations on the quality factor, i.e.
Q

Q and max( ). Assume:

Q

R1 = R2 = R4 = R5 = C1 = C2 = 1%
R1

R2

R4

R5

C1

C2

and
max (

R1
R1

) = max (

R2
R2

) = max (

R4
R4

R5

) = max (

R5

C1

) = max (

C1

) = max (

C2
C2

) = 3 = 3%.