Title: EGR ECU

Topic :-

Introduction:A widely adopted route to reduce NOx emissions is Exhaust Gas Recirculation
(EGR). This involves recirculated a controllable proportion of the engine's
exhaust back into the intake air. A valve is usually used to control the flow of gas,
and the valve may be closed completely if required.
The substitution of burnt gas (which takes no further part in combustion) for
oxygen rich air reduces the proportion of the cylinder contents available for
combustion. This causes a correspondingly lower heat release and peak cylinder

temperature, and reduces the formation of NOx. The presence of an inert gas in
the cylinder further limits the peak temperature (more than throttling alone in a
spark ignition engine).
The gas to be recirculated may also be passed through an EGR cooler, which is
usually of the air/water type. This reduces the temperature of the gas, which
reduces the cylinder charge temperature when EGR is employed. This has two
benefits- the reduction of charge temperature results in lower peak temperature,
and the greater density of cooled EGR gas allows a higher proportion of EGR to
be used. On a diesel engine the recirculated fraction may be as high as 50%
under some operating conditions.
Advantages of EGR :1. Reduced NOx
2. Potential reduction of throttling losses on spark ignition engines at part load
3. Improved engine life through reduced cylinder temperatures (particularly
exhaust valve life)

Structural View:-

Vac. Out
Vac.
PUMP

Alternator
Shaft
Pulley
Modulator
Belt
Drive

Vac. Out

About ECU:Microcontroller :-

To
EGR/VGT

ECU

AC
Motor

A microcontroller (often abbreviated MCU) is a single computer chip that

executes a user program, normally for the purpose of controlling some device
hence the name microcontroller.

A microcontroller is differed from microprocessor in many ways. Basically

microprocessors are the devices which can process huge amount of data. A
microprocessor cant do anything on it own. Even to light a led a microprocessor
needs minimum of a ROM, RAM, Latch, Address decoders, PORT controllers.
But for the same application if you take a microcontroller you barely need a
crystal and some capacitors.

So from this you can understand how versatile the microcontroller is.

It is always good to know the market scenario before learning any thing. The
following will explain the whole scenario of the embedded industry. This will
make you to choose the best one for you.

Different microcontrollers in market.

PIC: One of the famous microcontrollers used in the industries. It is based

on RISC Architecture which makes the microcontroller process faster than
other microcontroller.

INTEL: These are the first to manufacture microcontrollers. These are not
as sophisticated other microcontrollers but still the easiest one to learn.

Atmel: Atmels AVR microcontrollers are one of the most powerful in the
embedded industry. This is the only microcontroller having 1kb of ram
even the entry stage. But it is unfortunate that in India we are unable to
find this kind of microcontroller.

Intel 8051

Intel 8051 is CISC architecture which is easy to program in assembly language

and also has a good support for High level languages.

The memory of the microcontroller can be extended up to 64k.

The 8051 microcontroller is in the field for more than 20 years. There are lots of
books and study materials are readily available for 8051.

Derivatives
The best thing done by Intel is to give the designs of the 8051 microcontroller to
everyone. So it is not the fact that Intel is the only manufacture for the 8051 there
more than 20 manufactures, with each of minimum 20 models. Literally there are
hundreds of models of

8051 microcontroller available in market to choose.

Some of the major manufactures of 8051 are

Atmel
Philips
Dallas

Philips
The Philipss 8051 derivatives has more number of features than in any
microcontroller. The costs of the Philips microcontrollers are higher than the
Atmels which makes us to choose Atmel more often than Philips

Dallas
Dallas has made many revolutions in the semiconductor market. Dallass
8051 derivative is the fastest one in the market. It works 3 times as fast as a
8051 can process. But we are unable to get more in India.

Atmel
These people were the one to master the flash devices. They are the
cheapest microcontroller available in the market. Atmels even introduced a 20pin
variant of 8051 named 2051. The Atmels 8051 derivatives can be got in India
less than 70 rupees. There are lots of cheap programmers available in India for
Atmel. So it is always good for students to stick with 8051 when you learn a new
microcontroller.