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Ho 3TII1M Aeno He KOH'-1111noeb. YnbflHII1H, HeeMoTpfl Ha
nOA'-IepKHyTyiO noflnbHOeTb HOSOMY pe)I(II1My, npoAep)l(anefl Ha esoeM SbleOKOM nOeTy nii1Wb MeeflU,. 20 AeKa6pfl Ha'-lanaeb nOSTOpHafl '-1111eTKa, S XOAe KOTOpoi/1 As111aeoseT nii1WII1nefl e~e 80 pa60THII1KOS. A 3aTeM HapOAHbliil KOMII1eeap111aT no SOeHHbiM 111 MOpeKII1M AenaM (HapKOMSOeHMOp)
np111Ka3an noeTaSII1Tb so rnase YnpasneHII1fl Hosoo6pa3osaHHYIO Beepoee111iileKyiO Konner11110 Ysoq>noTa nOA npeAeeAaTenbeTSOM K.B.AKawesa**. B ee eoeTas sown111:
A.A.AHO~eHKO, E.V1.AxMaTOSII1'-I, ct>.V1.6bi'-IKOS, n.C.Ay6eHeKII1ii1, M.B.ni06YeHKo, 3.s:J.naHAay, A.n.OHy<1>p111es,
A.B.Ceprees 111 M.n.CTpoes. npeAnOnaranOeb e~e SKni0'-1111Tb npeAeTaSII1Teneii1 OT neTpOeoseTa 111 LJ,K npo<!>eOI030S, HO 3TII1 eOnii1AHble opraHII13aU,111111, SII1AII1MO, nOe'-1111Tanll1
as111aU,11110 enll1wKOM Heeepbe3HbiM AenoM 111 HII1KOro He Aener111posanll1. A.n.0Hy<!>p111es OAHOSpeMeHHO flSnflnefl KOMII1eeapOM YnpasneHII1fl MopeKOiil as111aU,111111. Ero SXO)I(AeHII1e s eoeTas Konner111111 03Ha'-lano <PaKTII1'-IeeKoe enll1flHII1e
pyKosoAeTsa YMA 111 Yso<PnoTa.
TaKII1M o6pa3oM, K KOHu,y 1917 roAa see u,eHTpanbHble
pbl'-larll1 ynpasneHII1fl Bo3AYWHbiM <PnoTOM eoepeAOT0'-1111nll1eb s pyKax YeeTOnl06111soii1 111 3Hepr111'-IHOii1 rpynnbl MOnoAbiX (epeAH111ii1 so3paeT He npesblwan 30 neT) nsTporpaAeKII1X asll1aTOpOS. Ho OeTasanefl e~e Asll1aKaHU,, KOTOpOMy
noA'-1111Hflnll1eb Hall16onee 6oeenoeo6Hble <I>POHTOSble oTpflAbl. B HOfl6pe 1917 -ro s H111X '-1ll1en111noeb 6onee 600 eaMoneTos. Asll1aKaHu, pa3Me~anefl s Mor111nese, SAanll1 OT <<KOnbl6enll1 peson10u,111w, as ero wTaTe npeo6naAanll1 naTpii10TII1'-IeeKII1 HaeTpOeHHble OcPII1U,epbl, OTHOefl~ll1eefl Bpa)I(Ae6HO K 60nbWeBII1KaM S006~e 111 K OKTfl6pbeKOMy nepesopOTy B '-laeTHOeTII1.
B.M.TKa'-leS, He )l(enafl BblnOnHflTb np111Ka3bl HOSOiil snaeTII1, eaMosonbHO nOK111Hyn esoiil noeT. BpeMeHHO 111enonHfl10~111M o6fl3aHHOeTII1 as111aAapMa eTan npeeTapenbliil nonKOSHII1K H111)1(eSeKII1ii1, KOTOpbliil TaK)I(e OTKposeHHO 111rHOpll1posan A111peKTII1Bbl 1113 <<KpaeHoro nii1Tepa.
BblfleHII1B see 3TO, Konnerll1fl 6bleTpo eMeKHyna, '-ITO MeTOAOM '-1111eTKII1 3Aeeb spflA n111 yero A06bewbefl. Cnii1WKOM
e111nbHbl 6b1n111 s np111<I>POHTOBOM Mor111nese aHTII160nbweBII1eTeKII1e HaeTpOeHII1fl, Aa 111 enii1WKOM ManbiM KOnll1'-leeTBOM HaAe)I(HbiX niOAeiil paenonarana <<neTporpaAeKafl
rpynna, '-IT06bl S3flTb nOA KOHTpOnb e~e OAHY KpynHyiO
pa3seTsneHHYIO wTa6HyiO opraHII13aU,11110. PeweHII1e eo3peno eaMo eo6oii1 - paenyeTII1Tb! V1 s Mor111nes Hanpas111nefl
YneH Konner111111 A.B.Ceprees e asll1aTopoM-60nbwesii1KOM
KOHKII1HbiM 111 np111Ka30M 0 nii1KBII1AaU,111111 Asll1aKaHu,a.
Ceprees n03AHee n111ean, '-ITO oH seepbe3 onaeanefl HaTKHYTbefl Ha aKTII1SHOe, 6b1Tb MO)I(eT Aa)l(e BOOpy)l(eHHOe
eonpOTII1sneHII1e wTa6HbiX o<1>111u,epos. Ho see OKa3anoeb
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see, pa3hexanll1eb no AOMaM. Te )l(e, KTO e~e oeTasanll1eb,
eenii1111HOrAa 111 3aXOA111nll1 Ha eny)l(6y, TO TOnbKO nOTOMy, '-ITO
s Mor111neseKoM 3axonyeTbe, Aa e~e 3111MOii1, nonpoeTY AenaTb 6b1no He'-lero.
nosec111s Ha Asepflx wTa6a aM6apHblii1 3aMoK, Ceprees
paenopflAII1nefl ompasii1Tb s Yso<PnoT see AOKyMeHTbl 111
'-laeTb nii1'-IHOro eoeTasa, a 3aOAHO 111 nOASepHyBWII1ii1efl nOA
pyKy sarOH-TII1nOrpa<!>ll110. 0AHaKO Sb1Se3TII1 AOKyMeHTaU,II110 He yAanoeb. noAroTosneHHbliil K ompasKe apx111s e orpoMHOiil 6a3oii1 AaHHbiX no 6oesoMy npii1MeHeHII110 as111aL1,111111
BeKOpe cropen np111 HeSblfleHeHHbiX o6eTOflTenbeTBaX.
TeM speMeHeM He nonasw111e s Konner11110 yneHbl 610po
KOMII1eeapos asll1aU,111111, Onll1pafleb Ha MOnYanii1BYIO nOA-

Aep)I(KY neTpoeoseTa, npOAOn)l(anll1 AenaTb S111A, '-ITO

111MeHHO OHII1 flBnfliOTefl Bblewei/1 aB111aU,1110HHOii1 snaeTbiO
(een111 He so seeiil eTpaHe, To no Kpaii1Heii1 Mepe- s eTOnll1u,e). Ha py6e)l(e 1917-1918 roAos 610po HaYano <PopMII1posaTb Ha a3pOAPOMax neTporpaAeKoro soeHHoro oKpyra
TaK Ha3blsaeMble <<Cou,111an111eT111'-IeeK111e asll1aOTPflAbl>>. Beero 6blnO e03AaHO 6 TaKII1X OTPflAOB ABeHaAU,aTII1eaMoneTHOrO eoeTasa. 1-M KOMaHAOBan neT'-1111K ToMeOH, 2-M6peHU,, 3-M- CTOnflpeKII1ii1, 4-M- Cas111U,K111ii1, 5-M- Ky3Heu,os 111 6-M - AneKeees.
B MoeKse )l(e 18 <Pespanfl 1918-ro o6pa3osanefl esoiil
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HOBOMy snaeTHOMY opraHy, eOeTOfl~eMy u,enii1KOM 1113
wTaTeKII1X n111u,. B MapTe, noene nepee3Aa 6onbwesll1eTeKoii1 sepxywKII1 s MoeKsy, TaM )l(e oKa3anaeb 111 Beepoeell1ii1eKafl KOnnerll1fl Yso<PnoTa. Pa3yMeeTefl, Hll1 e KeM Aenii1Tb eBOIO snaeTb OHa He XOTena. 8 pe3ynbTaTe MOeKOSeKII1ii1 KOMII1TeT no as111aL1,111111 6bln npeo6pa3oBaH s OKp~
HYIO Konner11110 Yso<PnoTa, HenoepeAeTseHHO nOA'-1111HeHHYIO Beepoee111ii1eKoii1.

na-

***
noKa s u,eHTpanbHbiX as111au,1110HHbiX wTa6ax K111nen111
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6e3MepHO AaneKOiil OT 3TOii1 eyeTbl )1(1113Hbl0. A een111 T0'-1Hee, OHII1 A0)1(111sanll1 noeneAHII1e AHII1. Cpa3y noene pesoniOU,II1111 60nbWII1HeTBO nll1nOTOB HaAeflnOeb, '-ITO <<3TOT 6apAaK npOAn111Tefl HeAeniO, HY OT ell1nbl- ABe. A nOTOMY OHII1
no Mepe e111n npoAOn)l(anll1 BblnonHflTb esoiil BOII1HeKII1ii1
AOnr. HeeMoTpfl Ha paeTy~yiO sonHy Ae3epT111peTsa 111 o6sanbHoe naAeHII1e A111eu,111nn111Hbl epeAII1 HII1)1(HII1X '-1111HOB,
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18 Hofl6pfl neT'-1111K W111pii1HKII1H 1113 7-ro 111eTpe6111TenbHOro
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pa3BeA'-1111K <<Anb6aTpOe HaA eenOM n111eOBII1l.l,bl. n111nOT 111
neTHa6 6blnll1 y6111Tbl s S03Ayxe, HeynpasnfleMbliil annapaT
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apM111111.
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as111aU,111111 s nepsoiil M111posoii1 so iii He. Ho noeKOnbKY xaoe 111
pa3Ban cPPOHTa npOAOn)l(anll1 HapaeTaTb, K neT'-1111KaM eTano np111XOA111Tb nOHII1MaHII1e, '-ITO 111x 6oesafl pa6oTa ~e H111KOMY He H~Ha. CHa6)1(eHII1e OTPflAOB Hapywll1nOeb, eBfl3b
Me)I(Ay '-laeTflMII1 111 U,eHTpOM 6blna noTepflHa. MHOrll1e no'-lyBeTBOBanll1 ee6fl 6poweHHbiMII1 Ha npoll13son eyAb6bl. B
TaKII1X yenOBII1flX e~e npOAOn)l(aBWII1M Ha '-ITO-TO HaAeflTbefl
aBII1aTOpaM OeTasanoeb TOnbKO OAHO - )I(AaTb. >I<AaTb He1113BeeTHO Yero, 3a~111~afl eaMII1X ee6flll1 eso111 eaMoneTbl OT
6eeYII1eneHHbiX waeK rpa6111Teneii1 111 Ae3epTII1pos.
Ha1116onee 3anYTaHHafl o6eTaHOBKa en0)1(111naeb Ha IOro3anaAHOM 111 PyMbiHeKOM <I>POHTax, rAe 6a3111posanoeb AO
2/3 OT seei/1 cPPOHTOBOiil asll1aU,II1111. noMII1MO 6onbWeBII1KOB,
MeHbWeBII1KOB, 3eepos 111 np0'-1111X napT111ii1, Ha 3TII1 HeManble
ell1nbl npeTeHAOBanll1 aseTp111ii1eKII1e, HeMeU,K111e 111 pyMbiHeKII1e soiileKa, a TaK)I(e Ha6111pasw111e e111ny yKpa111HeKII1e HaU,II10Hanll1eTbl. 6blnll1 He npo'-lb no)I(II1SII1Tbefl poee111iileKII1M
as111au,1110HHbiM A06poM 111 soopy)l(eHHble OTPflAbl nonbeKII1X
<<nerll1oHepos, He rosopfl y)l( o npoeTbiX 6aHAII1Tax.
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soeeTaHII1e, nOMep)l(aHHOe pa60'-1111MII1 HeeKOnbKII1X 3aBOAOB 111 eonAaTaMII1 3-ro as111anapKa. Cll1rHanoM K BOeeTaHII110
noeny)l(ll1n o6neT ropoAa eaMoneToM <<Bya3eH e KpaeHbiM

KpbiAMI, yHeceHHhie BeTpoM

lnarOM. HoB XOAe 3aBfl3aBWII1XCfl ynlllYHbiX 6oes pyKOBOACTBO nOBCTaHU,eB ycOMHitlnOCb B HaAe)I(H0CTII1 3Bit1aTOpOB 111
pew111no Ha BCflKII1i:1 cnyyaV! pa3op~lt1Tb as111anapK. C ero
repp111TOPII1111 ycnen111 Bb1Be3Tit1 6onee 40 nyneMeros, oKono
800 as111a6oM6 111 Apyroe op~111e. A scKope Ll,eHrpanbHafl
PaAa - yKpalt1HCKII1Vi HaL\IflOHanbHbiVI opraH snacr111 - cyMena nOAaBitlTb BOCCT3Hit1e.
20 HOfl6pfl PaAa nposo3rnac111na C03A3Hit1e He3aBit1CII1MOC1 YKpalt1HCKOC1 HapoAHOVi Pecny6nii1Kit1 (YHP). Ew,e AO
3TOrO HaYanOCb lopM111pOBaHII1e HaU,ItlOHanbHOCi apMII1111.
A y)l(e 4 AeKa6pfl 1113 K111esa ywna renerpaMMa soCicKaM
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cnlt1flHII1111 111x B eAitlHbiVI YKpalt1HCK111i:1 <I>POHT, noAYII1HeHHbli:1
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Pocc11110 noAP33AeneHII1Vi.
Y3HaB o6 3TOM, s K111es npflMO 1113 Mor111nesa nocnew111n
A.8.Ceprees C u,enbiO A06111TbCfl OT ronOBbl AB111aU,II1111 YKpalt1Hbl nOnKOBHII1K3 8.10. 6apaHOBa caHKLI,It1111 Ha nponycK
<!>POHTOBbiX OTPflAOB B Pocc11110. Ho pa3rosopa He nonyyltlnocb. 06paw,eHHble K 6apaHosy cnosa o narplt10TII13Me 111
B0111HCKOM AOnre 3ByYanll1 Hey6eAit1TenbHO, BeAb npOII13HOCit1n 111X nocnaHeU, TOVI napT111111, KOTOpafl CaMa 80 MHOrOM
cnoco6crsosana pa3sany pyccKoi:1 apM111111. TeM 6onee, YTO
aApeCOBbiB3nlt1Cb OHII1 6biBWeMy u,apCKOMY nonKOBHitlKy,
H3U,enlt1BWeMy MaCKy yKp3111HCKOrO HaU,1110Hanii1CT3 111 AeMOHCTp3Tit1BHO (XOTfl 111 C 0Wit16K3M111) rOBOpltlBWeMy TOnbKO
Ha MOBe. 8 06W,eM, 6apaHOB Be)l(nltlBO, HO TBepAO yKa3an Cepreesy Ha ABepb.
TeM speMeHeM, HeCMOTPfl Ha see TPYAHOCTII1, 6onbwlt1Hcrso aslllaYacreVI, 33CTpflBWII1X B Manopocc111111, HlllKaK He
)l(enano "YKP3111HII13111posaTbCfl. ConAaTbl 1113 MeCTHbiX,
npll1nlt1C3HHbl8 K 3Tit1M YaCTflM, nOYTitl noronOBHO c6e>t::an111
AO xaTbl. OcranbHble )l(e, rnaBHbiM o6pa30M BbiXOAU,bl 1113
u,eHrpanbHbiX ry6epHII1i:1 Pocc111111, npoAOn)l(anlll yero-ro Bbl)l(lflAaTb. To n111 B03BpaTa CTapbiX nopflAKOB, TO nv1 np111XOA3
60nbWeBit1KOB.
A 6onbweBit1Kit1 6b1n111 y)l(e Ha noAXOAe. 18 flHBapfl 1918-ro
pyccKO-yKpaltlHCKIIle KpacHorsapAeVIu,bl nosen111 pewltlrenbHOe HacrynneHitle Ha 3anaA CO CTOpOHbl XapbKOBa, nerKO
onpoKIIlHYB ycrynasw111e 111M no YltlcneHHOCTIIl soVicKa YHP.
26 flHB3pfl (8 lespanfl no HOBOMy CTitlniO) OHII1 B3flnlt1 K111eB.
Ll,eHrpanbH3fl PaAa 6e)l(ana s 8onbiHCKYIO ry6epHII110 noA
33W,It1Ty H8MeU,Kit1X BOVICK.
AeC1cTBII1fl KpaCHbiX B AoH6acce noAAep)l(ltlBan 3-Ci Cou,lllanlllcTit1YecKII1Vi OTPflA 111CTpe61t1TeneV! noA pyKOBOACTBOM
C.3.CronflpcKoro, clopM111posaHHbli:1 s KOHu,e 1917-ro Ha
6a3e LJ,apCKOCenbCKOVi WKOnbl B03AYWHOrO 6ofl. lt13-3a OTCyTCTBIIlfl B03AYWHoro nporii1BHII1Ka (as111aU,1t1fl YHP cyw,ecrsosana B OCHOBHOM H3 6yMare), COBeTCKitle 111CTpe61t1Tenlt1
BblnOnHflnlll TOnbKO pa3BeAbiBaTenbHble noneTbl B lllHTepecax Ha3eMHbiX BOVICK.
C111ryau,111fl KopeHHbiM o6pa30M 1113MeHit1nacb 19 lespanfl, KOrAa repMaHcKafl apMIIlfl, socnonb30Baswlt1cb cpbiBOM
MlllPHbiX neperosopos B 6pecr-nlt1TOBcKe, ABII1Hynacb Ha
BOCTOK. K TOMy BpeMeHitl B pe3ynbTare nnOAOTBOpHOCi
pa60Tbl KOMMYHII1CTII1YeCK111X arltlTaTOpOB C OAHOVI CTOpOHbl
111 yKpalt1HCKII1X caMOCT111i1W.111KOB - c ApyroVI, or pyccKorepMaHcKoro lpOHT3 OCT3nlt1Cb TOnbKO 3aCblnaHHble CHerOM nycTble OKOnbl. 6onee TOrO, COBMeCTHO C HeMeU,K111MII1
BOViCKaMIIl Hacrynanltl 3aKniOYII1BWII1e C HII1MII1 COI03Hb1Vi AOrosop K03aKi Ll,eHrpanbHOCi PaAbl. lt1 ascrpo-repMaHcKitle
AII1B1113111111 npaKTII1YeCK111 6ecnpenflTCTBeHHO xnb1Hyn111 Ha
repplt1TOPII110 YKpalllHbl.
HapKOMBOeHMOp pa3ocnan no BCeM YaCTflM, OK33aBWit1MCfl nOA yrp030Vi 33XBaTa, nplt1Ka3 cpOYHO nepe6a3111pOB3TbCfl s rny6b Pocc111111. CoBHapKoM cneu,111anbHbiM yKa-

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Ysolnora.
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AaBHO KOHYIIlnOCb. 8 pe3ynbTaTe neTYitlKaM np111XOAII1nOCb
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npOTII1BHit1Ka, 4-Ci, 7 -Ci 11-Vi 111 13-Vi aBII1aAII1BII131110Hbl, 2-Vi
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rAe CKOnltlnOCb MHOrO aBII13Y3CTeVi C PyMbiHCKOrO lpOHTa.
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8.10.10HrMeC1crep.
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KorAa ascrpll1i:1U,bl 6blnlt1 y)l(e s 40 KlllnoMerpax or ropoAa.
nonbiTKa opraHit130BaTb 3BaKyau,ll110 KpynHoro asll1a3asoAa
AHarpa, 3aKOHYII1nacb HenplllflTHbiM pa3rosopoM c pa6oYit1Mit1-aHapxlt1cTaMII1, Koropble, yrpo)l(afl 6oM6oVI, nocoserosanltl nerporpaACKIIlM 3MII1ccapaM y6111paTbCfl noAo6pyno3Aoposy. Ew,e OAII1H <<npOKOn>> (KaK B npflMOM, TaK 111 B
nepeHOCHOM CMbiCne) cnyYIIlnCfl Ha ropOACKOM a3p0Ap0Me. YrpoM 7 Mapra o6Hapy)l(lflnocb, YTO y scex noArorosneHHbiX K OTneTy a3ponnaHOB KTO-TO 3a HOYb npOTKHyn
Wlt1Hbl Konec 111 BbiBen 1113 CTpOfl AB111rarenll1. TonbKO C noMOW,biO pesonbsepos yAanocb 3acraBII1Tb as111arexH1t1KOB
np111BeCTII1 B nopflAOK 111 3anpaBII1Tb 6eH3111HOM AB3 ABYXMOTOPHbiX <<6111KOAPOHa. Ha HltlX Ceprees 111 EscrltlrHees
cnewHo Bb1neren111 B XepcoH. CneAyiOW,afl 3anpasKa HaMeYanacb B AneKcaHAPOBCKe, HO AO Hero AOneren TOnbKO
OAII1H caMoner, Aa 111 TOT cnoMancfl np111 nocaAKe. 8ropoVI
6111KOAPOH cen Ha BbiHy>t::AeHHYIO B COTHe KlllnOMeTpOB OT
ropoAa. Pa36111B cso111 MaWII1Hbl 111 norepflB APYr Apyra, o6a
ynonHoMoYeHHbiX A06111panlt1cb AO nerporpaAa <<Ha nepeKnaAHbiX.
8aclt1nbesy )l(e noHayany KaK 6yATO conyrcrsosana YA3Ya. EMy YAanocb noA oxpaHoVI KpacHoVI rsapAII1111 Bb1Be3TII1
1113 K111esa 111Myw,ecrso 3-ro 111 5-ro as111anapKoB. 0AHaKo AO
POCCII1111 AOexana nlt1Wb HII1YT0)1(H0 Manafl YaCTb 1113 cnaceHHOrQ. OcranbHOe 3arepflnocb B xaoce yKpa111HCKII1X )l(ene3HbiXAOPor.
8 6enopycc111111 Aena cnO)I(Iflnlllcb 6onee ycnewHo. 10HrMei1crep cyMen 3BaKylt1posaTb 1113 MlllHcKa noYTitl see caMoneTbl 111 u,eHTpanbHbiVi as111anapK 3anaAHOro lpoHTa
BMeCTe CO CTaHKaMIIl 111 o6opyAOBaHII1eM.
Ho B u,enOM KapTitlHa cnO)I(Iflnacb AOBOnbHO 6e3paAOCTHafl. K anpen10 1918-ro 6blna norepflHa BCfl as111au,111fl KasKa3cKoro lpOHTa 111 BCfl r111ApOaB111aU,L~fl '-lepHoro MOpfl. lt13
6onee YeM 1100 caMoneTOB, paHee H3XOAII1BWII1XCfl H3
reppmopll1111 YKP3111Hbl, 6enopyCCII1111, np1116amii1K111 111 KpblHOCTb/O -

KpbiAMI, yHeceHHbie BeTpoM

H11151 MOW,HOiil B03AYWHOiil apMII1111. Ec11111 onll1paTbC51 Ha <j>aK-

Ma, YAanocb cnacTII1 11111Wb 296, Aa 111 Te no 6onbweiil yacTII1 B nlla'-leBHOM COCT051HII1111. 0cTa1lbHble 6bl11111 1111160 YHII1'-1-

Tbl, TO YTBep)I(AeHII151 60JlbWII1HCTBa COBeTCK111X 111CT0p111KOB

TO>KeHbl, 1111160 3aXBa'-leHbl OKKynaHTaMII1. TOJlbKO B 0Aecce

aB_CTp111iilu,aM AOCTaJ1111Cb 111 HOBeHbKII1X AHacanei/1>>, 63

aB111aU,1110HHOe HaCJleACTBO,

AHaAe 111 68 <<Cl>apMaHOB pa3Jlii1'-IHbiX MOA111QmKaU,111iil!

Kp111TII1KII1.
A <j>aKTbl TaKOBbl: npaKT111'-IeCKII1 Bee pocc111iilcK111e aall1a3a-

TOM, '-ITO 60JlbWeBII1KaM AOCTaJlOCb Kpai/IHe CKYAHOe

He BbiAep>K111BaiOT HII1KaKOiil

8A06aBOK Ha 3aBOAe AHaTpa OHII1 HaWJ1111 ew,e 149 HeAOCTpOeHHbiX <<AHacaneiil B pa3Jlii1'-IHOiil CTeneHII1 rOTOB-

BOAbl, 3a 111CK11K>'-IeHII1eM Y>Ke ynoMII1HaBweiilc5~ OAeccKoiil

HOCTII1.

<<AHaTpbl 111 HeAOCTpOeHHoro 3aBoAa ne6eAeBa B TaraH-

He MeHbw111iil ypoH noHec11111 111 B03AyxonnaBaTe1lbHble Ya-

pore, OKa3aJ1111Cb Ha COBeTCKOiil Teppii1TOp111111. ~X np01113-

CTII1. Ha OKKynll1pOBaHHOiil Teppii1TOPII1111 OCTaJlOCb 111Myw,ecT-

BOACTBeHHble MOW,HOCTII1 COCTaBJ15111111 He MeHee 1000 ca-

BO BCeX <j>pOHTOBbiX B03AYXOnJlaBaTe1lbHbiX OTP51AOB 111

MOJleTOB 111 300 aBII1aU,II10HHbiX MOTOPOB B rOA. npaBAa, B

napKOB- OKOJlO 300 a3pOCTaTOB, 150 aBTOM06111Jleiil, 250

51HBape 1918-ro 1113-3a XaJlaTHOCTII1 pa60THII1KOB (a MO>KeT

aBTOne6eAOK, 1000 ra3r01lbAepoB 111 MHoroe APYroe.

6b1Tb- B pe3y1lbTaTe AII1Bepc111111) cropen AO

~3 91 <j>pOHTOBOrO aBII1aOTP51Aa <j>opMaJlbHO COXpaHII111111Cb 33. Cl>aKT111'-IeCKII1 >Ke nOAaB115110W,ee 60JlbWII1HCTBO 1113

W111iil B POCCII1111 aB111aMOTOpHbliil 3aBOA <<CallbMCOH, HO 3TO

Tna KpynHeiii-

C11Y'-1111110Cb y>Ke np111 HOBOM pe>KII1Me.

HII1X npeAcTaBJ15~1lO co6oiil >KanKoe 3pen111w,e. Hanpii1Mep,

KpoMe TOrO, Ha npeAnp11151TII151X OCTaBaJlC51 HeMaJlbliil 3a-

6-iil KOpnycHOiil OTP51A, BblpBaBW111iiiC51 C YKpa111Hbl, COCT05111

1113 Tpex neT'-1111KOB 111 yeTblpex caMoneTHbiX <I>K>3e115~>Keiil 6e3

Ae11 roTOBOiil npOAYKLI,111111. T01lbKO Ha MOCKOBCKOM 3aBoAe

KpblllbeB (KPb11lb5~, cno>KeHHble Ha nnaT<j>opMax, no Aopore

caMOJleTOB Ha <j>pOHT, K KOHU,y roAa CT051110 ('-1aCTII1'-IHO -

yHecno BeTpoM). Ho 111 3TO 6bl11 ew,e He caMbliil nnoxoiil Bap111aHT. KaK n111ca11 B 1933 rOAY >KypHan <<8ecTH111K B03AYW-

6e3 AB111raTeneiil) 6onee 370 MaWII1H! KoMII1TeT pa60'-1111X 111

cny>Kaw,111x npeAnpii15~TII15~ >KanoBanc5~ B YBo<l>noT: Bee Ma-

Horo <j>JlOTa, -

<<AYKC, npeKpaTII1BWeM ew,e B ceHT516pe 1917-ro OTrpy3KY

lfaCTIII, np1116btBaBWIIIB B Tbtn, B ny'IWBM

cTepCKIIIB Ill CKfla/l,bl 3aBO/l,a 3a6111Tbl annapaTaMIII /1,0 TaKOVt

Cfly'lae COCTOflfllll 1113 OCTaTKOB IIIMY~BCTBa Ill HBCKOflbKIIIX

CTBnBHIII, '/TO HBB03MO>KHO BBCTIII /l,aflbHBVtWY/0 C60pKy.

conpoao)f(,JJ,ata~IIIX. HepeAKO Ha c6opHble nyHKTbl RBnRnCR 0/l,IIIH COfl/],aTCKIIIM KOMIIITBT 6e3 BCRK0/0 IIIMy~BCTBa M
KOMaH/l,bl, a IIIHOI/l,a 0/l,IIIH neT'/MK npe/],CTaBflflfl C060fi1 88Gb
OTpR/1,! no BOCnOMII1HaHII151M A.8.CepreeBa HBKOTOpbte
OTpR/l,bl npiiiXO/l,lllfllll C cjJpOHTa C 06flOMKaMIII CaMOflBTOB,
6pocan111 111x a oapar Ha XO/l,btHCKOM none* 111 yxO/l,lllfllll no
/l,OMaM. /l,pyr111e np111B3>Kanlll C 0/l,HOM KaHUBflfiPIIIBMIII fliii'IHbtM COCTaBOM, Tpe6yR >KaflOBaHbfl Ill yrpo>Kafl pa30MTIIICb
TaiOKe. 0TAe1lbHble 111CK11K>'-IeHII15~, BPOAe 2-iil 6oeBoiil aBII1arpynnbl 3anaAHoro <I>POHTa, no'-ITII1 B nonHOM cocTaBe npo6111Bweiilc5~ B MOCKBY, KOHe'-IHO, He MOr11111 1113MeHII1Tb CII1TYaU,II110. ~3BeCTII151 HapOAHOrO KOMII1Ccapll1aTa no BOeHHbiM
AellaM B MapTe 1918-ro YHbiJlO nOAbiTO>KII111111: CTIIIXIIIMHafl
/l,BMD6111nlll3aUIIIR 111 pa3/l,en Me)f(,JJ,y YKpaMHoii1 111 BenMKO-

OrpoMHble aBII1aU,II10HHble 3anacb1 xpaHII111111Cb Ha Tepp111Top111111 KpynHeiilwero B Pocc111111 1-ro Ll,eHTpanbHOro aBII1anapKa-CK11Ma, pacnonaraBweroc5~ B paiiloHe XoAbiHKII1. OceHbK> 1917 -ro TaM HaXOAII1110Cb 70 II1CTpe6111Te11eiil <<HbiOnOp23, 23 <<HbK>nopa-17, 4 <<CnaAa", 12 pa3BeA'-1111KOB <<Cl>apMaH-40, 15 KOAPOHOB 111 72 aHr11111iiiCKII1X caMOJleTa pa311111'-IHbiX MapOK (npe111Myw,eCTBeHHO -

<<COnBII1'-Ieiil). >Ke-

1laiOW,111e MOrYT npocyMM111pOBaTb ... Anii1HHble AepeB5~HHble

Kopnyca aBII1aCK11Ma 6bl11111 TaK nepenonHeHbl, '-ITO MHoroe
np111XOAII1110Cb Aep>KaTb noA OTKpbiTbiM He60M. 0'-leB111ALI,bl
BCnOMII1Ha11111 0 KOe-KaK HaKpbiTbiX 6pe3eHTOM AByxMeTpOBbiX <<n01leHH111U,aX 1113 caMOJleTHbiX BII1HTOB, 0

MHOr05~pyc

HbiX HarpOMO)I(AeHII151X pa311111'-IHbiX 51W,II1KOB, 60'-leK C rop10'-1111M 111 CMa30'-IHbiMII1 MaCJlaMII1.

np111eXaBWII1iilll13 neTporpaAa AJ151 111HCneKLI,II1111 aBII1anapKa

poccMeii1 ( ... ) np111aenlll K nonHOMy pa3aany Haw B03/l,ywHbtii1 cjJnOT.

A.8.ropWKOB 6bl11 nopa>KeH C OAHOiil CTOPOHbl K011111'-IeCT-

***

CYTCTBII1eM oxpaHbl 111 31leMeHTapHoro nOP51AKa. ropWKOB

3 MapTa COCT051110Cb noAnii1CaHII1e nOCTbiAHOro AJ151 PocCII1111 6pecTCKOrO Mll1pa, B COOTBeTCTBII1111 C KOTOpbiM OHa

n111ca11 B CB0111X MeMyapax, '-ITO K MOMeHTY ero npll16biTII151

BCIO Tepp111T0p11110 napKa OXpaH5~1la ... OAHa BII1HTOBKa, np111-

BOM xpaH5~W,eroc5~ TaM A06pa, a c APYroiil -

no11HbiM OT-

Tep5~1la orpOMHble Tepp111T0pll1111 (npll16a11TII1KY, YKpaii1Hy,

CJlOHeHHa51 K 3a6opy. KyAa nOAeBa11C51 '-laCOBOiil, Bbi51CHII1Tb

KaBKa3, 3Ha'-lme1lbHYK> yacTb 6enopycc111111) c HaceneHII1eM

TaK 111 He yAaJlOCb. 3aTO CKOPO Bbi51CHII1110Cb, '-ITO CO CKJlaAa

nO'-ITII1 B 46 MII111111110HOB '-leJlOBeK. nepByiO M111pOBYK> BOiiiHY

y>Ke <<111C'-Ie3110 HeCKOJlbKO Aec5~TKOB nyneMeTOB, 6onee 80

POCCII151 npo111rpa11a, HO AJ151 COBeTCKII1X 11111AepoB 3TO, noxo-

51W,II1KOB C naTpOHaMII1 111 COTHII1 KOMnJleKTOB JleTHOrO 06-

>Ke, He 111Meno HII1KaKoro 3HaYeHII15~. HenoKone6111MO yBe-

MYHA111POBaHII151, He C'-1111Ta51 BC51KOiil <<MeJl0'-1111>> BPOAe WileMOB, 60TII1HOK, nllaHWeTOB, KOMnacOB 11111111 6111HOKJlei/l. '-IT0-

peHHble B cBoeiil Be11111Koiil MII1CCII1111 <<pa3>Ke'-lb no>Kap Mll1poBoiil peBOJliOLI,II1111, OHII1 aKTII1BHO rOTOBII111111Cb BOn1lOTII1Tb B

6bl npeAOTBpaTII1Tb AaJlbHeiilwee pa3rpa61leH111e, ropwKOB

>K1113Hb 1leHII1HCK111iil Jl03yHr 0 <<npeBpaw,eHII1111 BOiiiHbl 111Mne-

A0611111C5~ Bb1AeneHII15~ AJ15~ oxpaHbl aBII1anapKa pOTbl naTbiW-

pll1aJ1111CTII1'-IeCKOiil B BOiiiHy rpa)I(AaHCKYIO. 8

CKII1X CTpeJlKOB B K011111'-IeCTBe 150 '-leJlOBeK.

3TOiil CB513111

6pecTCKII1iil Mll1p paccMaTpii1BaJlC51111MII1 KaK BpeMeHHa51 TaKTII1'-IeCKa51 YCTYnKa, KaKOBOiil, Bnpo'-leM, OH B AallbHeiilweM 111
oKa3anc5~.

,ll,Jl5~ HOBOiil peBOJliOLI,II10HHOiil BOii!Hbl HY>KHa 6b11la HOBa51

apMII151, a COOTBeTCTBeHHO 111 HOBbli/1 BOeHHO-B03AYWHbliil
<!>noT. He cTOII1T AYMaTb, '-ITO 1113-3a noTep111 <I>POHTOBoiil
aB111au,111111 60JlbWeBII1KaM np111WJ10Cb C03AaBaTb ero '-IYTb 11111
He c HY115~. AoBOJlbHO MHoro neT'-1111KOB, MexaHII1KOB 111 MOTOPII1CTOB cnepBa Ao6poB01lbHO, a 3aTeM 111 <<A06poB01lbHOnpii1HYA111Te1lbHO ( 0 '-I eM Mbl ew,e noroBOP111M) BCTaJlO Ha
CTOpOHy HOBOiil B1laCTII1.
'-!TO >Ke KacaeTC51 MaTep111aJlbHOiil 6a3bl, TO, KaK OKa3a-

8cero >Ke 3111MOiii-BecHoiil 1918-ro Ha CKJlaAaX MocKBbl,

s:lpocnaB115~, CMoneHcKa, Pb16111HCKa 111 APYrll1x ropoAOB
OTbiCKaJlOCb Hll1 MHOrO Hll1 MallO 502 CaMOJleTa 111 1320 MOTOpOB, a TaK>Ke Macca Apyroro aBII1aU,1110HHOro 111Myw,ecTBa.
Ew,e OKOJlO 250 MaWII1H aHr11111iiiCKOrO 111 <j>paHU,Y3CKOrO
npoii13BOACTBa 6bi110 o6HapY>KeHo B MypMaHcKe 111 ApxaHrenbcKe. '-lepe3 3TII1 ceBepHble nopTbl B rOAbl nepBoiil Mll1poBoiil W11111 OCHOBHble nocTaBKII1 BOOpy>KeH111iil OT CTpaH-C0103HII1KOB. 3AeCb 60JlbWeBII1KII1 ycne11111 BOBpeM51. 8 MapTe
6bl1la opraHII130BaHa '-lpe3Bbl'-laii1Ha5~ KOMII1CCII15~ no pa3rpy3Ke ApxaHrenbcKoro nopTa noA npeAceAaTeJlbCTBOM
A.8.Mo>KaeBa. OH cyMen Ha11aA111Tb e>KeAHeBHYK> ompaBKY

110Cb, ew,e co BpeMeH 8peMeHHoro npaBII1Te1lbCTBa, 111 Aa-

3We110HOB c aBII1aU,II10HHbiMII1 rpy3aMII1 B 8onorAY 111 APYrll1e

>Ke 6011ee paHHII1X, B rny6111He POCCII1111 CKOnii111111Cb rpOMM-

TbiJlOBble ropoAa.

Hble 3anaCbl aBII1aTeXHII1KII1, AOCTaTO'-IHble AJ151 <j>OpM111pOBa-

npeo6naAa11111 nocneAH111e MOA111<1>111KaU,II1111 111CTpe6111Teneiil

* Oapar111 Ha OKpai!IHax Xo,LJ.btHCKoro a3po.n.poMa a Te rO,LJ.btl!lcnonb30Banl!1 no.n. aa111acaanKy.

noMII1MO CaMOJleTOB, cpeA111 KOTOpbiX

Kp&IA&H, yHeceHH&Ie BeTpoM

HbiOnOp>> 111 HOBble ABYXMeCTHble pa3BeA'-1111KII1 COnBWi>>,
6bl110 BbiBe3eHO 60JlbWOe KOJ1111'-IeCTBO 3an'-laCTeiil, aBII1aABII1raTe1leiil111 a3pOlOTOo6opyAOBaHII1fl. <<ApxaHre1lbCKII1X>>
loToMaTep111anos xsaTII11lO KpacHoMy 803AYWHOMY ct>noTY
Ha MHOrO JleT.
8 111Tore, HecMOTPH Ha YTPaTY 6onee 800 caMoneTOB, K
HaYany neTa 1918-ro B03AYWHbliil lnoT CoseTcKoiil PocCII1111 pacno11ara11 nO'-ITII1 TaKII1M )l(e KOJ1111'-IeCTBOM MaWII1H,
'-ITO 111 AO peB01110U,111111. C y'-leTOM JleTHbiX WKOJl, 3aBOACKII1X
111 cK11aACK111X 3anacos, Ha Teppii1TOp111111 PCct>CP HaXOAII11lOCb np111MepHO 1400 a3pOnJlaHOB. 0KOJ10 TpeTII1 1113 HII1X
(6011ee 400 WTYK) COCTaBJlf!Jlll1 OAHOMeCTHble 111CTpe6111Te11111 <<HbiOnOp pa311111'-IHbiX M0A111l111KaU,II1iil. KpOMe TOro,
111Me110Cb AO 150 pa3BeA'-1111KOB <<ct>apMaH-30>> 111 <<ct>apMaH-40>>, nO'-ITII1 CTOJlbKO )l(e 6011ee COBpeMeHHbiX MaWII1H
aHanon1'-IHOro Knacca ConBII1'-I nonyTopacTOe'-IHbliil,
np111MepHO COTHH MOpaJlbHO YCTapeBWII1X, 3aTO npOBepeHHbiX 111 HaAe)I(HbiX pa3BeA'-1111KOB Bya3eH>> 111 OKOJlO 60
ew,e 6onee cTapbiX MopaHOB-napaconeiil. Bee OCTaJlbHOe npii1XOA111110Cb Ha HeCKOJlbKO AeCHTKOB Tll1nOB CaMOJleTOB pa3HOrO B03pacTa 111 TeXHII1'-IeCKOrO ypOBHfl, B TOM
'-1111C1le 111 TpoleiiiHbiX. CpeA111 HII1X HaAO OTMeTII1Tb CKOpOCTHble 111CTpe6111Te11111 <<CnaA-7, 0AH0MOT0pHble 111 ABYXMOTOpHble pa3BeA'-1111KII1 <<KOAPOH>> 111 b111KOAPOH, ABYXMeCTHble MHOrou,eneBble annapaTbl pOCCII1ii!CKOrO np01113BOACTBa <<AHaAe, <<AHaCaJlb>> 111 <<ne6eAb-12, JleTaiOW,II1e
110AK111 lp111ropoBII1'-Ia M-5, M-9 111 M-20, HY 111, KOHe'-IHO, 3HaMeHII1Tble YeTblpexMOTOpHble 6oM6apA111POBW,II1KII1 CII1KopcKoro <<lt11lbfl MypoMeu,.

***
C 3asepweHII1eM cyM6ypHoro nep1110Aa 3saKyau,111111 111
c6opa aB111aU,II10HHOrO 111MyW,eCTBa BH06b BCTall BOnpOC, a
KTO )l(e 3TII1M caMbiM 111Myw,eCTBOM CTaHeT pacnOpH)I(aTbCfl.
Konner111111 Yso<PnoTa HaAOeno M111PII1TbCH c ABOesnacTII1eM,
KOTOpOe C03AaBaJla AeHTeJlbHOCTb neTpOrpaACKOrO Ei10p0
KOMII1ccapos as111aU,111111, a TaK)I(e APYrll1x caMonposo3maweHHbiX <<WTa60B, <<KOMII1TeTOB, <<KOMII1CCap111aTOB 111
<<610po. 8 pe3y1lbTaTe, 26 anpenH 1918-ro nOHBII111CH np111Ka3 HapKOMBOeHMopa, B KOTOpOM rOBOp111110Cb: <<AB111aU,1110HHbiX opraHII13aU,111iil, He yTBep)I(AeHHbiX Bcepocc111iiiCKOiil
Kcnner111eiil Pa6oye-KpecTbHHCKoro B03AYWHOro ct>noTa,
He npii13HasaTb. no seeM sonpocaM as111au,111111 111 B03AyxonnasaHII1H o6paw,aTbCfl K OKp~HOiil K01111er111111 B03AYWHOrO
lnoTa 11111111 K oco6oynonHOMO'-IeHHbiM Bcepocc111iilcKoiil
K0111lerll1111.
0AHaKo y)l(e B HaYane MaH '-IJleHbl Konner111111 caMII1 nOAsepmii1Cb pe3KII1M 06BII1HeHII1flM B HeKOMneTeHTHOCTII1 111
pa3Ba1le pa60Tbl CO CTOpOHbl rpynnbl 1113BeCTHbiX lpOHTOBbiX nii1110TOB so mase c nonKOBHII1KOM AlleKcaHAPOM Ka3aKOBbiM. 3TII1 JleT'-1111KII1 B 11111'-IHOiil 6eCeAe C HapOAHbiM KOMII1CcapOM no BOeHHbiM AeJlaM n.A.TpOU,KII1M npHMO 3af!BII111111, '-ITO Konnerii1H laKTII1'-IeCKII1 nposa1111111a 3BaKyal...\11110
111 Ha Heiil Jle)I(II1T 3Ha'-1111TeJlbHafl AOJlfl BII1Hbl 3a OrpOMHble
MaTep111a1lbHble 111 1110ACK111e noTep111. KpoMe Toro, Ka3aKos
111 ero Tosap111w,111 (MoApax, CsewHII1KOB, EiopeiiiKO 111 PHA
APYr111x) npeAJ10)I(II111111 coseTCKOMy npaBII1Te1lbCTBY csoe
COAeiiiCTBII1e B Aelle B03pO)I(AeHII1fl POCCII1iiiCKOrO B03AYWHOrO l110Ta. MO)I(HO TOJlbKO raAaTb, KaK CJ10)1(111Jlii1Cb 6bl
CYAb6bl 3TII1X nii1110TOB, OTK11111KHII1Cb Tpou,K111iil Ha 111x npeAJlO)I(eHII1e. Ho OH, pyKOBOACTBYHCb B nepsy10 OyepeAb
<<KJlaCCOBbiM '-IYTbeM, OTKa3aJ1Cfl OT COTPYAHII1'-IeCTBa.
A yepe3 HeCKOJlbKO MeCHU,eB nOCJle TOrQ naMHTHOrO pa3-

rosopa ero y'-laCTHII1KII1 OKa3aJ1111Cb no pa3Hble CTOPOHbl 11111HII1111 lpOHTa.

TpOU,K111iil Bee )l(e CAeJlaJl KOe-KaK111e BbiBOAbl 1113 6eceAbl.
24 MaH Konnerii1H YsolnoTa 6bl1la paclopMII1posaHa, a
caM YsolnoT npeo6pa3oBaH B lnasHoe ynpas11eH111e Pa6oye-KpeCTbHHCKoro KpacHoro Bo3AYWHoro ct>noTa (coKpaw,eHHO- lnaBB03AyxolnoT 11111111 IYBBct>). Ero B03maB11H11
CoseT, cocTOHw,111iil 1113 Ha'-la1lbHII1Ka M.A.Conososa, asll1a111H)I(eHepa-MexaH111Ka, 6b1Bwero u,apcKoro ol111u,epa, 111
AByx np111CTaB1leHHbiX K HeMy KOMII1CcapOB - K~B.AKawesa
111 A.B.Cepreesa. ToT )l(e HeyTOMII1Mbliil Ceprees He3aA01lro
AO 3TOro scTan so mase ew,e 111 Bcepocc111iilcKoro Asll1acoBeTa BMeCTO OTCTpaHeHHOrO no n011111TII1'-IeCKII1M MOTII1BaM
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MOCKOBCKOrO BOeHHOrO OKpyra.
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HOBbiX 60eBbiX OTPHAOB KpacHOiil aB111aU,111111. 3TII1 OTPHAbl
n011Y'-Ia11111 Ha3BaHII1fl no MeCTaM nepB111'-IHOiil A111CJlOKaU,II1111:
<<CM01leHCKII1e, <<0p110BCK111e, <<Ty1lbCKII1e, <<Ka11~CKII1e,
<<MOCKOBCKII1e 111 T.A. Apyrll1e as111ayacT111 (npe)I(Ae scero Te,
KOTOpbiM YAallOCb B 3Ha'-1111Te1lbHOiil Mepe coxpaHII1Tb CBOiil
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15-iiiii1CTpe6111TeJlbHble, 1-i/i, 8-iil, 11-iil, 12-iil, 18-iil111 22-i/i
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np111Ka30M n.A.Tpou,Koro OT 15 Mafl 1918 r. 6bl11 ycTaHOBJleH WTaTHbliil COCTRB asll1aOTPHAa: 6 caMOJleTOB, 4 aBTOM06111Jlfl, 5 noB030K 111 113 '-leJlOBeK 11111'-IHOrO COCTaBa. Ha
npaKTII1Ke )l(e 3TII1 U,111lpbl Cll11lbHO Bapb111pOBa11111Cb, np111'-leM,
KaK npaBII1110 - B MeHbWYIO CTOPOHY, Ha lpOHTaX lpa)I(AaHCKOiil BOiiiHbl HepeAKO BCTpe'-la11111Cb OTPHAbl C TpeMH'-IeTblpbMfl, a nopoiil 111 Bcero C OAH111M caMOJleTOM. lt13 HeCKOJlbKII1X asll1aOTPHAOB C JleTa 1918-ro MOr11111 lopM111pOBaTbCfl as111aU,II10HHble rpynnbl- speMeHHble onepaTII1BHble
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np111W110Cb ABa C Jlii1WHII1M rOAa 11130 BCeX CII1Jl 3aW,111W,3Tb 111
OTBOeBbiBaTb C06CTBeHHYIO Teppii1TOPII110.

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TaK Ha3btsaeMbtVI MHTe)l( yexocnosau,Koro KOpnyca. 3TO
BOII1HCKOe noApa3AeneHII1e 6btno clopM111pOBaHO B rOAbl
nepsoi:1 M111posoC11113 nneHHbtX yexos 111 cnosaKOB, pew111sw111x cpa)l(aTbCfl Ha CTOpOHe AHTaHTbl npOTII1B lepMaHII1111 111
ABcTpo-8eHrpll1111. K HaYany 1918 rOAa KOpnyc COCTOHn 1113
45000 XOPOWO BOOp~eHHbiX OnbtTHbiX 60i:1U,OB. 8 CBH3111 C
3aKntOYeH111eM 6pecTcKoro Mll1pa ero pew111n111 nepenpaBII1Tb yepe3 AanbHesocTOYHbte nopTbt 111 CWA so ct>paHU,II110.
B pe3ynbTaTe K MaiO OTAenbHbte Yexocnosau,K111e OTPHAbt
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neH3bl AO BnaA111BOCTOKa.
8 KOHU,e anpenH, nocne PHAa 6e3ycnewHbtX nOnbtTOK
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6onbwesii1KII1 1113Aan!l1 yKa3 o pa3op~eHII1111 Kopnyca. Ho nocneAcTBII1H OKa3an!I1Cb AnH HII1X HeO)I(111AaHHbt. '-lexocnosaKII1
onacanll1cb npespaTII1TbCH B 3ano)I(HII1KOB HOBoro pe)I(II1Ma 111
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op~ll1fl OHII1 OTBeTII1nli1 BOCCTaH111eM.
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pycCKII1X A06pOBOnbu,eB. 8 11110He 6enoYeXII1 MOnHII1eHOCHO 3axsaTII1nll1 orpoMHbte Teppii1TOPII1111 C1116111p111, AanbHero
BocToKa, IO)I(HOro Ypana 111 B pai1oHe CaMapbt BbtWnll1 K
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AenyTaTOB pa3orHaHHoro 6onbweBII1KaMII1 pocc111i1cKoro
napnaMeHTa. BcKope HaYanocb >opM111pOBaHII1e noson)l(cKoi1 HapOAHoi1 apMII1111. 8 ToMcKe )l(e o6pa3osanocb BpeMeHHOe C1116111pcKoe npaBII1TenbCTBO, TaK)I(e np111CTYnii1Bwee K C03AaHII110 per!I10HanbHbiX BOOp~eHHbiX Cll1n - Cll16111pCKOVl apMII1111.
8 11110ne yexocnosau,KII1i1 Kopnyc 111 HapoAHaH apM111H nosenll1 HacTynneHII1e Ha cesepo-3anaA, BAOnb Bonr111. 10-ro
OHI-1 B3Hnll1 Cbt3paHb, 22-ro - C111M6111pcK (HbtHe YnbHHOBCK), 5-ro asrycTa BbtWnll1 K Ka3aHII1. Ha 3TOM 3Tane coBeTcKaH as111aU,111H noYTII1 HII1KaKoro yyacTII1H B 6oeBbtX Aei1CTB111HX He npii1HII1Mana. EAII1HCTBeHHbtM 111CKntOYeHII1eM
cTan CaMapcKII1C1 r111APOA111BII131110H. A111BII131110H, cocTOHBW111i11113 AByx rii1APOOTPHAOB (no 6 caMoneTOB B Ka)I(AOM),
np1116btn s Mae 1113 neTporpaAa 111 y)l(e yepe3 ABe HeAenll1
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HosropoA.
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KoMaHAOBaHII1eM noAnopyYII1Ka MenYa. nocKOnbKY yewCK111X aB!I1aTOpOB B POCCI-1111 6btno ManO, Ha Cn~6y B OTPHA
np111rnac111n111 pyccKII1X A06posonbu,es - n111n0Ta npanopll\111Ka AE::A10nii1Ha 111 neTHa6a noAnopyY111Ka Ap6y30Ba. OTPHA 6btn np111AaH 1-Ci yewcKoi:1 cTpenKOBoi:1 AII1BII13111111, soesaswei:1 noA C111M6111pcKoM. Ao 20 asrycTa, KOrAa 1113-3a

nOnHOrO 1113HOCa MaTYaCTII1 ero OTnpas111n111 B Tbln, <<YeWCKOpyCCK111i1 pa3BeAOTPHA cosepw111n 6onee 40 6oeBbtX BbtneTOB.
Hosoe caMapcKoe npaBII1TenbCTBO ~e s 11110He npii1CTYnll1nO K OpraHII13aU,111111 C06CTBeHHbiX BOeHHO-B03AYWHbiX
Cll1n. np111 rnaBHOM 111H)I(eHepHOM ynpasneHII1111 HapOAHOCi
apM111111 6btn ClOpMII1pOBaH 0TAen B03AYWHOrO >noTa
(08), KOTOpbtiii B03rnaBII1n nOAnOnKOBHII1K KOMnaHeCiu,eB.
C noMOll\biO yexos s CaMape clopM111posanll1 1-Ci HapoAoapMeiiicKII1iii aB111aA111BII131110H, COCT0flll\111iii 1113 Tpex OTPHAOB
nOA KOMaHAOBaHII1eM nOpyYII1Ka necTOBa.
BcKope OBct> 6bln npeo6pa3oBaH s YnpasneHII1e B03AYWHoro >noTa np111 wTa6e HapOAHOiii apM111111. B asrycTe
erO B03rnaBII1n OnbiTHbliii BOeHHbtiii neTYII1K Kanii1TaH (n03AHee- nonKOBH111K) A.A.6opeiiiKo, 6btBWII1iii HaYanbHII1K laTYII1HCKOiii aBII1aWKOnbl. 8 CBOeM nepBOM np111Ka3e OT 10 asrycTa 1918 r. 6opeiiiKo n111can: nepep, aceMu aauapa6oTHMKaMu CTOMT f/CH8fl 38,ll848 CBOeM C8MOOTBep>KeHHOM pa60TOM BOCC03,D,8Tb HapO,D,HbiM 803,D,YWHbiM cjJnOT, a nOTOMy
npM3biB810 BCeX TeX 1-13 HMX, KOMY ,D,Opora pO,D,H8fl 8BM8/..lMfl,
B03,D,yxonnaaaHue u 0Te4eCTBO, cnaRTbCR a o6~eu p,py>KHOM pa60Te, Ha H84anax ,D,MCL.lMnflMHbl M 4eCTHOIO ucnonHeHMfl p,onra.

Ho Hll1 A111CU,111nnii1HOiii, Hll1 YeCTHbiM 111CnOnHeHII1eM AOnra

Henb3fl 6blnO KOMneHC111pOBaTb nOYTII1 nOnHOe OTCYTCTBII1e
MaTep111anbHOiii 6a3bl. Ha 06W111pHbiX Tepp111TOp111HX, OKa3aBWII1XCfl nOA BnaCTbiO KOMyYa, HaWnOCb nii1Wb OKOnO
Tpex AeCHTKOB BeTXII1X a3pOnnaHOB, 60nbW111HCTBO 1113 KOTOpbiX rOAII1nOCb TOnbKO B YTII1nb. H111 0 KaKOM 60eBOM np111MeHeHII1111 3TII1X rp060B, 3a6pOWeHHbiX B111XpeM 3BaKyaU,II1111 B 3aBOn)l(be C lpOHTOB nepsoiii M111pOBOC1, He MOrnO
6btTb 111 peYII1.

***
C KOHU,a 11110nf! nO OKTH6pb 1918-rO KniOYeBble C06biT111fl
lpa>KAaHCKOiii BOiiiHbt pa3sopaYII1Banii1Cb noA Ka3aHbiO. 8
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nomaBCKII1iii as111anapK, 23-iii KOpnyCHOiii aBII1aOTPHA 111 ABe
aBII1aWKOnbt (neTpOrpaACKaf! - neTYII1KOB-pa3BeAY111KOB 111
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HenOHHTHOiii np111YII1He secb 11110nb 111 HaYano asrycTa <<Ka3aHcKaH as111aU,II1fl 6e3AeiiiCTBOBana, HeCMOTpH Ha WeAW111e K
10ry OT ropoAa 60111 c yexocnosaKaMII1. TonbKO 4 asrycTa
neTY111K 23-ro OTPHAa CMeTaHII1H c neTHa6oM KonocOBbiM
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6yii1HCKa.
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nonK, HO 111 ero K seyepy OT6poc111n111 s HanpasneHII1111 CBII1fl)I(CKa.
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Bee 3T~ Maw~Hbl npeAHa3HaYan~cb Ans:i socnonnoTepb B npeACTos:~w,ei1 onepal\~~.

HaAO OTMeT~Tb, YTO Ha KpaCHOapMei1CK~X a3pOnnaHax,
Aei1CTBOBaBW~X neTOM ~ OCeHbiO 1918 rDAa B nosOn)l(be,
~306pa)l(an~Cb B KaYeCTBe On03HaBaTenbHbiX 3HaKOB He
KpaCHble, a YepHble 3Be3Abl. 06 3TOM CB~AeTenbCTBYIOT
MeMyapbl HaYWTa6a aB~al\~~ 80CTOYHOrD <j>pOHTa rp~ro
pbeBa ~ MaTep~anbl TOrAaWH~X COBeTCK~X ra3eT, rAe np~
MeH~TenbHO K neTY~KaM BCTpeyaeTCs:l CBOeo6pa3HOe Bblpa)l(eH~e YepH03Be3AHble COKOnbl. K CQ)I(aneH~IO, HaM
He YAanocb Hai1T~ <j>OTOMaTep~anos, nOATBep)I(AaiOw,~x
CTOnb ~HTepeCHbiH <j>aKT.
15 asrycTa caMoneTbl 4-ro ~ 23-ro OTP!'IAOB cosepw~n~
nepBbiH rpynnOBOi1 HaneT Ha Ka3aHb. np~Ka3 6bln KOpOTOK
~ npocT: 60M6~Tb ropOACK~e KBapTanbl, ~36eras:~ pa6oY~x OKpa~H. CTaBKa Aenanacb npe)I(Ae scero Ha 3anyr~
BaH~e ~ AeMopan~3al\~IO 3aW,~TH~KOB ropoAa. CTO~T 3anoMH~Tb 3TY AaTY. 15 aBryCTa 1918 rOAa snepBble B ~CTO
p~~ 6oesas:1 as~al\~51 aTaKosana He apM~IO npoT~BH~Ka ~
He o6beKTbl spa)I(Ae6Horo rocyAapcTsa, a rpa)I(AaHCKoe
HaceneH~e co6cTBeHHOi1 cTpaHbl. CnpaseAn~BOCT~ paA~
HMO CKa3aTb, YTO AaneKO He BCe n~nOTbl OA06ps:in~ noA06Hble Aei1CTB~s:i. Ps:~6os ~ Aesai1oT noHaYany HaoTpe3
OTKa3an~Cb yYaCTBOBaTb B 60M6apA~POBKaX M~pHbiX )I(~
Tenei1. Ha cneAyiOw,ee YTPO KOMaHA~P 23-ro OTPs:IAa CaTYH~H, pa3Max~sas:~ May3epoM, noTpe6osan OT scex 3K~
na)l(ei1 B351Tb 6oM6bi, yrpo)i(as:i s npoT~BHOM cnyyae 3aCTpen~Tb ~3MeHH~KOB Ha MecTe. ApryMeHT, Ka3anocb, noAei1CTBOBan, HO Ps:~6os ~ Aesai1oT, BMecTo Taro, YT06bl
C6pOC~Tb CBOH CMepTOHOCHbiH rpy3 Ha ropOA, - nepeneTen~ K 6enbiM.
BeyepoM 16 asrycTa Ka3aHb TaK)I(e aTaKosan~ AeBs:ITb
BHOBb np~6b1Bw~x caMoneTOB CoseTCKOi1 as~arpynnbl.
ll13-3a cryw,asw~xcs:~ cyMepeK cosepw~n BbiHy)I(AeHHYIO
nocaAKY Ha Hei1TpanbHOi1 Tepp~Top~~ neTY~K WTYPM. He
AOnro AYMas:~, OH y6e)l(an B nee B CTOpOHy 6enomapAei1CK~x n03~L\~i1. Ha cneAyiOw,ee YTPO OCTaBneHHbiH HbiOnop-24 nown~ BbipyYaTb KOM~ccapbi Ceprees ~ CeMeHOB, a TaK)I(e neTY~K~ nasnos, 111HrayH~c ~ 6bin~HK~H. 6enble y)l(e ycnen~ nocTaB~Tb B03ne Maw~Hbl yacosoro, KoToporo np~wnocb 3acTpen~Tb. 3aTeM ~cTpe6~Tenb np~
Bs:i3an~ 3a XBOCT K nOB03Ke ~ TaK~M 06pa30M OT6yKC~pO
Ban~ Ha a3pOAPOM. Oco6o OTn~Y~Bw~i1cs:~ B 3Toi1 onepaL\~~ KOM~CCap CeMeHOB nonyy~n B HarpaAy OT TpOL\KOro
2000 py6nei1.
17 asrycTa nasnoscKas:i rpynna n~w~nacb ew,e OAHoro
csoero n~noTa - c 6oM6apA~POBK~ He sepHyncs:~ neTY~K
E<j>peMOB. 3Has:l 0 TOM, YTO KpaCHble HaYan~ apeCTOBbiBaTb
~ 6paTb B 3anQ)I(H~K~ CeMb~ nepe6e)I(Y~KOB, pyKOBOACTBO
HapoAHOi1 apM~~ noMeCT~no B ra3eTax nO)I(HOe coo6w,eH~e 0 Tpex s:IK06bi C6~Tb1X COBeTCK~X a3pOnnaHaX, n~nOTbl
KOTOpbiX CKpbin~Cb B He~3BeCTHOM HanpasneH~~.
18-ro 6oM6apA~POBK~ npOAOn)l(an~cb c HapacTaiOw,ei1
c~noi1. 6onbw~HCTBO 3K~na)l(ei1 cosepwano no ABa-Tp~
BblneTa B AeHb. AsyxMeCTHble Cons~Y~, CDapMaHbl ~
8ya3eHbl 6pan~ no ABe-Tp~ nyAOBble 60M6bi, OAHOMeCTHble HbiOnOpbi- OAHY-ABe AeCs:IT~<j>yHTOBble. 8 L\eHTpe ropoAa Ha6ni0Aan~cb MHOroY~cneHHble no)l(apbi ~ pa3pyweH~s:i. 0AHa ~3 6oM6 nonana s 3AaH~e ABOps:iHCKoro
C06paH~s:l, ew,e HeCKOnbKO pa30pBanOCb Ha Tepp~TOp~~
KpeMns:~. EAsa 3acnbiWaB wyM caMoneTa, )I(~Ten~ s cTpaxe
nps:~Tan~Cb no nOABanaM.
H~KaKoro npoT~BOAei1CTB~s:i, KpoMe peAKOi1 ~ 6ecnops:~
AOYHOi1 py)l(eHHOH CTpenb6bi, rapH~30H Ka3aH~ He OKa3blHeH~s:i

* ,fJ.nR T01,[18WH/IfX ,[IOKyMeHTOB, COCT8BfiRBW/IfXCR, K8K np8B/Iffl0, C 10fi0C8, X8p8KTepH8 60flbW8R nYT8H/IfLI,8 B H8nllfC8HIIfllf c:jJ8MIIffl/lfM. 8 '18CTHOCT/If, c:jJ8MIIfflllfR 3TOIO neT'IIIfK8, BbiXO,liLI,8 llf3 C/Jp8HLI,IIfllf, B p83Hb/X /lfCTO'IH/IfK8X YK83b/B8fi8Cb K8K ,lJ,eaaiiiOT, ,lJ,eB/IfOT, ,lJ,eB8MO,ll, ,ll,eaaHOT /If AB>Ke ,ll,eaoi1A ( caMbiM npaBI!fflbHbiM CKopee

seem 6y,lleT ,ll,e-8ai1o).

Mbl >Ke npllfBOAIIfM H81!f6onee '18CTO aCTpe'la/Ow,eecR Hanllfca-

HI!fe. 8 ,[18flbHei1WeM Mbl 6y,lleM YK83b/B8Tb B CK06K8X p83fl/lf'IHb/e B8pllf8HTbl H8n/lfC8HIIfR c:jJ8MIIffl/lfM.

ll

san. 8 ropOAe OTbiCKanOCb BCero OAHO 3eH~THOe OPYA~e,

yCTaHOBneHHOe Ha 6ap>Ke, Aa ~TO 6e3 CHaps:!AOB.
8 3TOT >Ke AeHb, 19 asryCTa np~ OYepeAHOM rpynnOBOM
BblneTe Ha 60M6e>KKY He CMOr OTOpBaTbCs:l OT 3eMn~ neperpy>KeHHbl~ 6oM6aM~ <DapMaH-30>> neTY~Ka Hess:~>KCKoro
~ Ha6niOAaTens:~ ryAKOBa. CaMoneT, nOAnpblr~Bas:l ~ HaTy>KHO IYAs:! MOTOPOM, npo6e>Kan AO KOHL.J,a nonOCbl, 3apblnCs:!
KOnecaM~ B paCK~CW~~ OT AO>KAe~ rpyHT ~ CKanOT~posan.
K CYaCTbiO, 60M6bl He AeTOH~posan~ ~ 6eH3~H He BCnbiXHyn, HO o6a as~aTopa nonyY~n~ paHeH~s:l, a nonHOCTbiO
pa36~Tbl~ <<<DapMaH>> np~wnocb cn~caTb.

***
<<HapoAoapMe~L.J,bl>>, 3axsaT~su1~e

s Ka3aH~ ~3Ps:!AHOe
no TeM speMeHaM Y~cno caMoneTOB, TaK ~ He cyMen~ ~c
nonb30BaTb ~x s nonHo~ Mepe. Bo3MO>KHO, y 6enb1X npoCTO He XBaTano n~nOTOB. KCTaT~, H~ OA~H ~3 as~aTOpOB,
nepeneTeBW~X OT KpaCHbiX, He BOesan 3aTeM Ha CTOpOHe
HapOAHO~ apM~~. Aesa~OT ~ ero APYr E<j>peMos nocwn~
n~ BO <j>paHU,y3CKYIO BOeHHyiO M~CC~IO. 0CTanbHble >Ke, XOTs:l ~ 6bln~ 3aY~CneHbl B CaMapCKOe YnpasneH~e B03AYWHOro <j>nOTa, 3aH~Man~Cb TOnbKO OpraH~3aL.J,~OHHO~ ~
WTa6HO~ pa60TO~. HasepHOe, 3TO 6blnO Bbi3BaHO OnaceH~eM penpeCC~~ B OTHOWeH~~ pOACTBeHH~KOB, OCTaBW~XCs:! Ha COBeTCKO~ Tepp~TOp~~.
TeM He MeHee HapOAHas:~ as~au,~s:~ scwn~na s 6o~. K HaYany Ka3aHCKO~ onepau,~~ B neTHOe COCTOs:!H~e YAanOCb
np~BeCT~ HeCKOnbKO <<ne6eAe~>>, <<8ya3eHOB>>, <<<DapMaHOB>>, <<MOpaHOB-napacone~>> ~ OA~H TpO<j>e~Hbl~ <<Anb6aTp0C>>, Ha Kpblnbs:IX ~ pyns:~x nosopoTa 3T~X a3ponnaHOB, s
COOTBeTCTB~~ C np~Ka30M 6ope~KO, 6bln~ HaHeCeHbl On03HaBaTenbH':>Ie 3HaK~ HapOAHO~ as~au,~~ s B~Ae npOAOnbHbiX yepHo-opaH>KeBbiX nonoc, nosTOps:!IOU\~X u,seTa reopr~escKo~ neHTbl. 6enble neTY~K~ cosepw~n~ ps:!A BblneTOB
Ha pa3BeAKY, 10 ~ 11 asrycTa 6oM6~n~ soopy>KeHHble napoXOAbl KpaCHbiX Ha Bonre.
PaHo YTPOM 18 asrycTa np~neTesw~~ ~3 Ka3aH~ <<ne6eAb-12 c6poc~n AByxnyAOByiO 6oM6y Ha wTa6Ho~ noe3A Tpou,Koro s Cs~s:~>KcKe, HO c~nbHO npoMaxHyncs:~.
83pbiB He np~Y~H~n H~KaKoro speAa, 3a ~CKniOYeH~eM
HeCKOnbK~x pa36~TbiX CTeKon. A 21 asrycTa 4 a3ponnaHa
6oM6~n~ POMaHOBCK~~ MOCT Yepe3 Bonry y CB~s:!>KCKa, no
KOTOpOMy wen OCHOBHO~ nOTOK CHa6>KeH~s:l Ka3aHCKO~
rpynn~pOBK~ KpaCHbiX. 0AHaKO ~ B 3TOT pa3 6enbiM neTY~
KaM He nose3no. Bee 6oM6bl ynan~ s peKy.

***
8eyepOM 19 asrycTa YepH03Be3AHble COKOnbl>> nOABeprn~ Ka3aHb Ha~6onee >KecTOKO~ 6oM6apA~POBKe. 0AHO-

speMeHHO HaA ropOAOM KPY>K~no 7 caMoneTOB. nonb3ys:!Cb OTCYTCTB~eM y npOT~BH~Ka 3eH~THbiX cpeACTB, OH~
CH~>Kan~Cb AO 80-100 MeTpOB, u,ens:!Cb B Ha~6onee np~
MeTHble 3AaH~s:l. HeKOTOpble 3K~na>K~ BMeCTO 60M6 pacCblnan~ H8A 3aBOACK~M~ OKpa~HaM~ ar~TaL.J,~OHHble n~C
TOBK~. AKaWeB ~3 3aAHe~ Ka6~Hbl <<COnB~Ya>>, KOTOpbl~
n~nOT~posan neTY~K KyAnaeHKO, n~YHO 6pocan Ha <<6yp>Ky~cKyiO CBOnOYb>> nyAOBble 60M6bl.
no AOKnaAaM n~nOTOB, BO speMs:! HaneTa L.J,eHTp ropOAa
cnOBHO BbiMep. TYT ~ TaM B~AHen~Cb 6poweHHble ~3B03Y~Yb~ noB03K~, 3aCTbln~ Ha penbcax onycTesw~e TpaMsa~. 111 TOnbKO HOC~n~Cb, He pa36~pas:1 AOpOr~, o6e3yMeBW~e OT pesa MOTOpOB ~ rpOXOTa B3pbiBOB KOH~.
8 KaKO~-TO MOMeHT AB~raTenb CaMOneTa KyAnaeHKO
BApyr HaYan AaBaTb nepe6o~. AKawes pew~n. YTO n~noT
cneu,~anbHO nepeKpbln 6eH3~HOBbl~ KpaH, YT06bl ceCTb y
6enbiX. nepcneKT~Ba nneHa KOM~ccapy s:~BHO He ynbl6anacb, ~ OH, BbiXBaT~B pesonbsep, 3aKp~Yan n~now, YTO
3aCTpen~T ero KaK TOnbKO CaMoneT KOCHeTCs:l 3eMn~. Ho
TYT AB~raTenb BHOBb Ha6pan 060p0Tbl, ~ <<COnB~Y 6narononyYHO sepHyncs:~ Ha cso~ a3pOApOM. Cpa3y nocne no-

caAK~ 6neAHbl~ KaK Men KyAnaeHKO, 3axne6b1Bas:~cb cnosaM~, 6poc~nCs:! 06bs:!CHs:!Tb, YTO OH He B~HOBaT B Hep~T
M~YHO~ pa6oTe MOTopa. AKawes nosep~n (~n~ CAenan
B~A.

YTO nosep~n) ~ He CTan 3aBOA~Tb Aeno.

KyAnaeHKO neTan Ha 6oM6apA~POBK~ c AKaweBbiM eU(e
HeCKOnbKO pa3, HO yepe3 napy AHe~ KpacHas:~ as~arpynna
eABa He n~w~nacb csoero KOM~ccapa: np~ B3neTe ConB~Y>> 3au,en~n KonecaM~ 3a KyCTbl ~ pa36~ncs:~. 3K~na>K YYAOM OCTanes:~ B >K~BbiX. Ha cneAYIOU\~~ AeHb KyAnaeHKO,
CKa3aBW~Cb 60nbHbiM, OTnpOC~nCs:l B Tbln, a Yepe3 ABe HeAen~ (7 ceHT516ps:~) ... yneTen ~3 AnaTblps:! Ha caMapcK~~
a3POApOM HapOAHO~ apM~~. np~xsaT~B c co6o~ noAney~swerocs:~ nocne asap~~ neTY~Ka Hess:~>KCKoro.
YTpOM 20 asrycTa 6enble npeAnP~Hs:~n~ nonbiTKY pa36oM6~Tb cs~s:l>KCK~~ a3pOAPOM. HaA neTHbiM noneM nos:~s~ncs:~ ne6eAb>> c reopr~escKo~ neHTo~ Ha xsocTe, Bblwe neTen~ <<MopaH-napaconb>> ~ napa <<HbiOnopOB>>. Ha
nepexsaT BblneTen~ TP~ ~cTpe6~Tens:~ CoseTCKO~ as~a
rpynnbl (nasnos, 111HrayH~c ~ 6aK~H). nasnos AOrHan OA~H
<<HbiOnOp>> 3a Cs~s:~>KCKOM ~ HecKonbKO pa3 o6cTpens:~n ero
~3 nyneMeTa, HO, CYAs:l no sceMy, He nonan. 111cTpe6~Tenb
npOT~BH~Ka CH~3~nCs:! H8A Bonro~ AO 300 MeTpOB ~ ywen
Ha CBOIO Tepp~TOp~IO. 0CTanbHble CaMOneTbl HapOAoapMe~u,eB>> CKpbln~Cb, TaK ~ He c6poc~s 6oM6, eU(e np~
nOAbeMe coseTCK~x nepexsaTY~KOB. HecMOTps:~ Ha <<HyneBO~>> pe3ynbTaT, 3TOT cnyya~ MO>KHO CY~Tafb nepBbiM B
rpa)I(AaHCKO~ BO~He B03AYWHbiM 6oeM.
8 TOT >Ke AeHb noroAa ~cnopT~nacb. 3aAyn c~nbHbl~ seTep, nom~n AO>KAb. >K~Ten~ Ka3aH~ noyyscTsosan~ HeKoTOpoe o6nerYeH~e, XOTs:l 3n~30A~YeCK~e HaneTbl Ha IOPOA
npOAOn>Kan~Cb. 20-23 asryCTa neTan~ B OCHOBHOM <<HbiOnOpbl>> nasnoscKo~ as~arpynnbl, OKa3asw~ecs:~ MeHee YYBCTB~TenbHbiM~ K noroAHbiM ycnos~s:~M. 23-ro nasnos ~
111HrayH~c 6oM6~n~ nocenK~ BepxH~~ ~ H~>KH~~ YcnoHbl,
3a YTO PeBBOeHCOBeT 5-~ apM~~ BbiAen~n Ka)I(AOMY no
300 py6ne~.
24 asrycTa np~ B03BpaU(eH~~ c 6oM6e>KK~ pa36~ncs:~
<<<DapMaH 23-ro OTPs:!Aa. nor~6n~ neTY~K CMeTaH~H ~
neTHa6 Me36ax (Mecnax) -- nepBble >KepTBbl KpacHoro
B03AYWHOrD <j>nOTa B rpa)I(AaHCKO~ BO~He Ha Tepp~TOp~~
Pocc~~.

***
Ae~CTB~~ as~au,~~ npoT~B

<!>POHTOBbiX YacTe~ npaKT~

YecK~ He senOCb, nOCKOnbKY n~H~~ <j>pOHTa B 06biYHOM

noH~MaH~~ npocTo He cyU(eCTBosano. PeAK~e nyHKT~pbl
OKOnOB B~AHen~Cb TOnbKO Ha OKpa~HaX Ka3aH~. 8 APYI~X
MeCTaX 6enble ~ KpaCHble OTps:!Abl nOCTOs:!HHO nepeMeU(an~Cb, 3aH~Ma!'l ~ OCTaBns:ls:! OTAenbHble AepeBH~, speMs:! OT
speMeH~ HaTbiKas:~cb APYr Ha APyra ~ scwnas:~ s nepecTpenK~. no 3TO~ >Ke np~Y~He Mano3<j><j>eKT~BHO~ OKa3anaCb B03AYWHas:l pa3BeAKa. 06e Bpa)I(Ae6Hble apM~~ Ae~
CTBOBan~. KaK npas~no, 6e3 o6o30B, He6onbW~M~ rpynnaM~. np~ nos:~sneH~~ a3ponnaHa OH~ nerKo pacce~sa
n~Cb ~ yKpbiBan~Cb Ha MeCTHOCT~ ~n~ B 6n~3ne>KaU\~X CeneH~s:IX. 8A06aBOK ~ Te, ~ APYI~e ~Men~ B 06U(eM CXOAHOe 06MyHA~POBaH~e (npecnOBYTas:l <<<j>OpMa HOMep BOCeMb, YTOAOCTan~. TO~ HOC~M>>), ~ OnpeAen~TbC BbiCOTbl,
KOMy np~HaAne>K~T TOT ~n~ ~HO~ OTPs:!A, 6blnO BeCbMa 3aTPYAH~TenbHO. noA06Has:l KapT~Ha 80 MHOIOM CoxpaHs:lnaCb Ha npOTs:l>KeH~~ BCe~ rpa)I(AaHCKO~ BO~Hbl.
XapaKTepHbl~ 3n~30A cnyY~ncs:~ 29 asrycTa, KOrAa He6onbWO~ rapH~30H Cs~s:l>KCKa, CY~TaBW~~ ce6s:~ s rny6oKOM Tblny ~ nOnHO~ 6e30naCHOCT~, 6bln CpeA~ HOY~ pa36y>KeH nyneMeTHO~ nanb60~. 0Ka3anOCb, YTO OA~H ~3 OTps:!AOB HapOAHO~ apM~~ noA KOMaHAOBaH~eM ~3BeCTHOro
3cepa, a s npownoM - Teppop~cTa 6op~C8. Cas~HKOBa
npOCOY~nCs:! CKB03b <<Ablps:!BYIO>> n~H~IO <j>pOHTa, npowen
ycKopeHHbiM MapweM 50 K~noMeTpos ~ BHe3anHo aTaKosan WTa6 COBeTCK~X BO~CK. Pa60TH~KaM UJTa6a ~ HOYe-

1il

Bya3eH HapOAHOM apMMM, pa36MTbiM noA Ka3aHbiO a aaryae 1918 r.

saswi-1M s ropOAKe asi-1aTopaM npi-1wnocb 6paTb s PYKi-1

Bi-1HTOBKi-1 i-1 saHi-1MaTb Kpyrosyta o6opoHy. Ha noMOW.b MOr
npi-1l/1Ti-1 TOnbKO pacnOnO)KeHHbll/1 B AeCs:lTi-1 Ki-1nOMeTpax OT
CBi-1fl)KCKa 4-l/1 naTbiWCKi-1l71 nonK. )J.nfl C8fl3i-1 c Hi-1M 8blneTen
noA o6cTpenoM neT~i-1K ryce8 . OH npeKpacHo cnpa8i-1ncfl c
3(lA8Hi-1eM, i-1 y>Ke ~epe3 napy ~aC08 naTbiWi-1 COBMeCTHO C
rapHi-130HOM OT6i-1ni-1 Han(lAeHi-1e.
K TOMY speMeHi-1 KpacHas:l a8i-1aU.i-1Sl noA Ka3aHbtO nononHi-1nacb 6oeBbiM OTAeneHi-1eM 4-ro Cou.i-1ani-1CTi-1~ecKoro
OTPSlAa c ABYMSl caMoneTaMi-1 i-1 ABYMfl neT~i-1K8Mi-1 - Kponi-1H08b1M i-1 POA3eBi-1~eM. Ao6posonbHO npi-16bln neT~i-1K
6pi-1rre. Cnepsa K HeMy no4eMy-TO OTHeCni-1Cb C HeAOBepi-1eM. ~T06~ AOKa3aTb CBOfO 8epHOCTb nponeTapCKOL/1
i-1Aee, 6pi-1rre Bbi3Bancfl neTaTb Ha caM OM cTapoM i-1 yrnoM
c<8ya3eHe, C KOTOpbiM Hi-1KTO He XOTen i-1MeTb Aena. EMy i-1
Aani-1 STOT annapaT no npi-1HU.i-1ny ecni-1 pa306beT - He
)KanKO. Ho 8ya3eH He nOABen (pa38e ~To npi-1 nocap.Ke
pa3sani-1nOCb Ci-1AeHbe), a 6pi-1rre 3acny)Ki-1n penyraU.i-110
OT~aSlHHOrO napHSl. ~epe3 nonrOA8 OH pa36i-1nCfl B TyM8He,
spe3a8Wi-1Cb Ha caMoneTe 8 u.epKOBHYtO orp(lAy.

***
8 Ha~ane ceHTs:l6ps:l Ha ~pOHTe HacTyni-1n nepenoM.
KpacHaSl apMi-1s:l, C06paBWi-1Cb C Ci-1naMi-1, HaHeCJla MOW.Hblli1 yAap i-1 npopsana o6opoHy npOTi-1BHi-1Ka. ~epH03Be3AHble COKOnbl B0306H08i-1ni-1 6oM6apAi-1P08Ki-1 Ka3aHi-1.
6enble He CMOrni-1 YAep)KaTb ropOA, i-1 10-ro ceHTSl6ps:l B Hero 8CTyni-1ni-1 COBeTCKi-1e BOli1CKa. li1HTepeCHO, 4TO Be~epOM
TOrO )Ke AHfl nepeneTen K 6enbiM HeAaBHO OTni-1~i-1BWi-1l71Cs:l
neT4i-1K ryces. no3AHee ero 3a4i-1Cni-1ni-1 B 4eXOCnOBaU.Ki-1li1
asi-1aOTPSlA.
6oecnoco6Hble asponnaHbt HapoAHOL/1 apMi-1i-1 S8aKyi-1posani-1Cb i-13 Ka3aHi-1 no B03AYXY Ha aspOAPOM y ropoAa
TeTtOWi-1. Hei-1cnpa8Hble )Ke npi-1wnocb 6poci-1Tb, i-13-3a ~e
ra s CaMape ew.e AOnro wno pa36i-1paTenbCTBO c noi-1CKOM
Bi-1HOBHbiX.
npecneAYfl OTCTynaBWi-1X, caMOileTbt C ~epHbiMi-1 3Be3AaMi-1 Henpepbt8HO 6oM6i-1nll1 i-1 o6cTpeni-1sani-1 i-13 nyneMeTOB 0603bl i-1 BOli1CK08ble KOnOHHbl. Ha AOporax He pa3 803Hi-1Kana naHi-1Ka. 8 pe3ynbTaTe MHoroe i-13 Taro, ~To Hapo-

AOapMeVJU.bl nb1Tani-1Cb 8bl8e3Ti-1 , OKa3anOCb 6pOWeHHbiM

Ha PaAOCTb )Ki-1Tenel71 oKpecTHbiX Aepe8eHb.
11 CeHTs:l6pSl COBeTCKi-1e aBi-18~aCTi-1 nepe683i-1p088ni-1Cb
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( WTblpMepoM) npll13eM1111111111Cb Ha CTaHUI/1111 L1111p , S pacnonO)f(eHl-1111 Ka3a4bii1X SOi1CK. KaK n111ca11 B CSOeM np111Ka3e
n.A.TPOUKII1C1, 11eTY111KII1 cc ... 6blfll1 OKpy>KeHbl, nocne Taro
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ra

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carb a KHMry repoea 803/l.YWHoro C/Jnor8. Oruy K03blpeaa Bbi/1.8Tb e/l,MHoapeMeHHoe noco6Me a 10000 py6nei/1.
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nocMK111 1113py611eH o3sepeswii1M111 Ka3aKaMII1. 8epoHTHO,
raKII1M o6pa3oM nbtTa11111Cb npeAOCTepeYb APYrlllx 11eT4111Kos
or nosTopeHII1H ero nocTynKa. Ha caMOM >Ke Ae11e Tay a Meere co cso111M aspon11aHOM 6btn 3a4111c11eH s 1-C1 AoHcKoe1
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n111 sera noseAeHII1111 111 BbiCKa3bJBaHII1fiX Yero-To TaKara, ~To
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nopy'IMK 3.8.CHMM~MKOB. CIOTO 1916 r.
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M H8 p83Hb1X C8Moner8x.

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4) PO/l,CTBBHHIAKIA 06fl3YIOTCfl He MBHflTb CBOero MeCT8

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* Y,aii1BV1TenbHO, HO cnyCTR ,aaa ro,aa Tay ,aeUCTBV1TenbHO 6blfl ccU3py6neH 03BepeBWUMU K838K8MU>>, HO TOflbKO He 6enbiMU, a ... KpaCHbi-

3ro cny..,wnocb a ceHTR6pe 1920-ro ao apeMR 6oea a CeaepHoi1 Taapuu. Tor,aa U3-3a HexaarKu caMoneroa MHOrwe 6enble nerl.luK/11 6blnu BbiHy>K,aeHbl yC1rw a nexory. Tay cran nyneMeT4V1KOM. B nocne,aHeM 6010 OH ocrancR npV1KpbiB8Tb orxo,a caoero nonKa V1 ,ao KOH1..48 OT6V1B8flCR OT Hace,aaawei!J Kp8CHOM KOHHV1Llbl.
M/11.

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60eBbiX BblneTOB, C6pOCVIB Ha npOTVIBHVIKa 6onee 1500 Kr
60M6 VI 11 0000 nVICTOBOK.

***
Ha sopoHe~CKOM HanpasneHVIVI npOTVIB 6enoKa3aKOB
AeC1cTsosana B cocTase 8-C1 apMVIVI CMoneHcKas:l asVIarpynna nOA pyKOBOACTBOM A.A.Ky3Heu,osa, clopMV1pOBaHHas:l neTOM 1918-rO Vl3 nVInOTOB, npOWeAWVIX o6y4eHVIe
B AHrnVIVI. rpynna COCTOs:lna Vl3 ABYX OTPs:lAOB (scero 12 MaWVIH), KOTOpbiMVI KOMaHAOBanVI neT4VIKVI BenbMaH VI Ky3bMVIH. Ha 3TOM ~e yYaCTKe poHTa HaXOAVInacb VI 1-s:l BopoHe~cKas:l asVIarpynna.
nocKOnbKY Ka3aKVI, nnOTHO YBs:l3WVIe>> nOA l.J,apVIU,biHOM,
He senVI Ha BOpOHe~CKOM <fJpOHTe aKTVIBHbiX HaCTYnaTenbHbiX AeC1CTBVIC1, nVInOTbl asVIarpynnbl COCpeAOT04VInVICb Ha
6oM60BbiX YAapax no ~ene3HOAOPO~HbiM VI APYrVIM TblnoBbiM 06beKTaM npOTVIBHVIKa. BOT BbiAep~Ka Vl3 AOHeCeHVIs:l
o AeC1CTBVIs:lX CMoneHCKOI1 asVIarpynnbl OT 8 HOs:l6ps:l 1918 r::
Ha CT8HL(MM XpeHOB8fl 60flbWOe CKOnneHMe 6enOK838'1bMX BOMCK M 3wenOHOB. 8 pe3yflbT8Te nps:lMOIO nona,aaHMfl
6oM6 B03HMKnM no>Kapbl. Ha CTaHL(MM Tanoao nps:lMbiM nona,aaHMeM 60M6bl pa36MT napOB03 M MHOIO 8810HOB C 6oenpMn8C8MM, aoopy>KeHMeM. Ha 3TM CT8HL(MM c6poweHo
3a ,llaa ,llHs:l 46 6oM6 no 25 cfJYHTOB. BbiXO.Ll 3wenoHoa co
CTaHL(MM Tanoao apeMeHHO npeKpall.leH.

A BOT KaK Bblrns:lAenVI 3TVI C06biTVIs:l C T04KVI 3peHVIs:l Ha3eMHbiX soC1cK: BoeHneTy 2-ro CMoneHCKoro OTPR.Lla Hyc6epry 6bmo .Ll8HO 38,ll8HMe nepeneTeTb Ha 6a3y M, B3s:lB
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npV1Ka3a, KpaCHble ycnenVI B3s:lTb XpeHOBYIO VI B pe3ynbTaTe neT4VIK OT60M6VInCs:l no CBOVIM!
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nVInOTOB cna6o noArOTOsneHo VI He yMeeT neTaTb Ha ConBVIYax. npVIWnOCb AOY4VIBaTbCs:l B XOAe 6oeB, a 3TO HepeAKO conposo~anocb asapVIs:lMVI.
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6aHKVI C npOAblps:lBneHHbiM AHOM. 3TVI nOCYAVIHbl npVI naAeHVIVI VI3AaBanVI ~YTKVIH BOll\, Bbl3biBaBWVIC1 naHVIKY CpeAVI
Ka3aKOB. Qco6eHHO 3lleKTVIBHbiM 3TO OKa3anOCb B C04eTaHVII1 C MenKVIMVI OCKOn04HbiMVI 60M604KaMVI. C nOMO~biO TaKVIX nCVIXVI4eCKVIX 6oenpV1naCOB>> 6bln nVIKBVIAVIPOBaH HaMeTVIBWVIC1Cs:l 6blnO npOpbiB 6enOKa3a4beC1 KasanepVIVI y 6o6posa. npVI 3TOM omVIYVInVICb neTYVIKVI WHenb,
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22-11\ KOpnyCHOC1. np04VIe OTPs:lAbl (ACTpaxaHCKVIH, 2-Ci naTbiWCKVIC1, 1-Ci MOrVIneBCKVIH, 1-11\ VI 11-11\ KOpnyCHble) neTanVI Mano, a KypCKVII1 VI Ps:l3aHCKVII1, CYAs:l no oVIu,VIanbHbiM AaHHbiM, B006~e HVI pa3y He nOAHVIManVICb B B03AYX.
9-Ci apMeC1CKVIH OTps:lA, KaK Mbl y~e rOBOpVInVI, BCKOpe nocne npV16biTVIs:l Ha pOHT s nonHOM cocmse nepeneTen K
6enbiM.
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Vl3 HVIX Ha C4eTY nepBOrO OTPs:lAa). Ha n03VIU,VIVI KpaCHbiX
c6poweHO 448 60M6 '1 OKOnO 80000 nVICTOBOK.

***
noMVIMO BcesenVIKOro BOC1CKa ,lJ,OHCKOro, cpa~aBUJero
Cs:l 3a CBOVI TpaAVIU,VIOHHble Ka3a4bVI VIHTepeCbl, B 1918-M
Ha tOre POCCVIVI 3apOAVInOCb e~e OAHO CVInbHOe 6enorsapAeC1CKOe ABVI~eHVIe, rpynnVIpOsasweeCs:l BOKpyr ,lJ,o6poBOnb4eCKOC1 apMVIVI. Y erO VICTOKOB CTOs:lnVI reHepanbl
M.B.AneKcees, n.r.KopHVInOB VI A.Vl.,lJ,eHVIKVIH. ,lJ,o6poBOnb4eCKas:l apMVIs:l, COCTOs:lBWas:l Vl3 y6e~eHHbiX 3HTVIKOMMYHVICTOB - 0lVIU,epOB, KaAeTOB BOeHHbiX Y4VInVI~,
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1918-ro.
0TPs:lAbl A06posonbu,es 6a3VIposanVICb Ha CesepHOM
KasKa3e VI B npV1Ky6aHbe. 0HVI s:lBns:lnVICb TBepAbiMVI CTOpOHHVIKaMVI B03pO~eHVIs:l eAVIHOH VI HeAenVIMOC1 POCCVIVI B
rpaHVIu,ax 1913 roAa. Ha 3TOI1 noYse y HVIX B03HVIKnVI cepbe3Hble pa3HOrnaCVIs:l C Ka3a4eCTBOM, BbiCTYnaBWVIM 3a WVIpOKYIO aBTOHOMVIIO ,lJ,oHa. KpoMe Toro, A06posonbU,bl, s
OTnVI4VIe OT Ka3aKOB, He XOTenVI VIMeTb HVIKaKVIX OTHOWeHVIC1
C repMaHVIell\. 8 pe3ynbTaTe AO KOHU,a 1918 r0Aa Ka3aKVI VI
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8 KOHU,e asryCTa aBVIaU,VIs:l COCTOs:lna y~e Vl3 ABYX OTPs:lAOB
c AeBs:lTbtO nVInOTaMVI VI ceMbtO a3ponnaHaMVI. KoMaHAYtO~VIM AeHVIKVIHCKOC1 aBVIaU,VIeC1 CTan nOnKOBHVIK (n03AHeereHepan) MT.Kpasu,eBV14 (Kpasu,OBV14). K OKTs:l6ptO KOnVIYeCTBO OTPs:lAOB ysenVI4VInOCb AO 5, neT4VIKOB - AO 22,
a caMoneTOB - AO 27. HeKOTOpble Vl3 3TVIX MaWVIH 6blnVI
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apMVIeC1 VI OTPs:lAaMVI ropCKVIX cenapaTVICTOB H3 TeppVITOpVIs:lX HbiHewHVIX OceTVIVI, "leYHVI VI ,D,arecTaHa. K co~ane
HVIIO, OT 3TVIX C06biTVIC1 He OCTanOCb n04TVI HVIKaKVIX AOKyMeHTOB.

***
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3TOM 3nVI30Ae.

***

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AYX 80C1CK VI O~YTVIMO pocno 4~1CnO Ae3epTV1p08.

***

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11 91

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CeMeHosa 111 Bya3eH KoMapo8a c6pocll1nll1 10 6oM6 Ha
cTaHU.ll1ll1 Hesb~HCK Lt1 YKTYC.

***
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nepMLt1111 cosepwan pa3BeAbtBaTenbHbte noneTbl s HanpasneHII1111 KpacHoy111MCKa.
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CyMMapHblill HaneT 5-ro Cou,~an~cT~YecKoro OTps:t,IJ,a s

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1918 rDAY nposen~ s S03,1J,yxe 300 6oesbJX Yacos. CV16~p
CKas:t as~aU,~Sl (s COCTase1-ro, 2-rO ~ 3-ro OTpSI,!J,OS) HaneTana ropa3AO MeHbwe- 3a nep~OA c ~tOns:t no ,IJ,et<a6pb Ha6epeTcs:t He 6onee ,IJ,syx ,IJ,ecs:tTKOS 6oesbiX SbJneTos.

***
Ha~6onee

cnot<Oii!HbiM s TOT nep~OA CY~Tanocb 3anaAHOe HanpasneH~e. r,IJ,e nocne ycTaHosneH~s:t s Mae 1918-ro
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6oes He nocne,l],osano. HeMu,aM ,IJ,an~ cnot<Oii!Ho yii!T~ cOt<t<yn~posaHHbiX Tepp~TOp~ill. ,[l,eillcTS~Sl COSeTCKOill as~au,~~
orpaH~Y~san~cb pe,IJ,K~M~ pa3Se,IJ,bJSaTenbHbJM~ noneTaM~. ,[l,o KOHu,a ro,IJ,a as~aoTps:t,IJ,bl 3ana,IJ,Horo cj:lpOHTa HaneTan~ scero 46 Yacos.

TO >Ke npeACTaBnHn co6oiil Ha paHHeM :nane rpa>KAaHcKoiil soii!Hbl Pa6o4e-KpeCTbHHCKll1iil B03AYWHbliil

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pe3epBbl AflH <f>poHTa.

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Mill u,apCKOiil apM111111. n111Wb 04eHb HeMHOrll1e 1113 Hli1X nown111

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Aflli1HHaH 4epeAa nepenems Ha CTopoHy 6enb1X apM111iil. B
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MeHee 30 as111aTopos nepeneTenll1 Ha CBOII1X asponnaHax K
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***
2
23
123

no yT04HeHHbiM AaHHbiM s ceHTH6pe 1918-ro s as!l1aoTPHAax PKKB 4111Cnll1nocb 266 !11CnpaBHbiX 111 59 He!11CnpaBHbiX asponnaHOB. KpoMe Taro, Ha u,eHTpanbHbiX
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wKon KpaCHbliil Bo3AYWHbliil cpnoT pacnonaran 435 6oeroTOBbiMll1 CaMoneTaM!I1.
np111 3TOM OTMe4anc51 Cepbe3Hbliil A8<f>II1U,II1T neTHbiX KaApOB. K OKT516p10 B COBeTCKOiil aB!I1aU,ll1111 HaC4111TbiBanOCb
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***
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B 6p51HCK, npOM3XHYBWI-1Cb Ha 200 C Jll-1WHI-1M Kl-1JlOMeT-

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OCTaeTC51 TOilbKO ra,ll,aTb, HeT Illil 111 3,1l,eCb Cfle,ll,OB npecnoBYTOrO <<3eneHoro 3Mt.1SI.
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neT<~II1K111 y,D,aneHb/1113 aa111au,111111. A 4epe3 ABa MeC51LJ,a TKa4esy np11wnocb Aa>Ke 113AasaTb cneLJ,IilaflbHbtiil np11Ka3, KaTeropt.14eCKf.1 3anpew,a10w,11iil nlilnaTaM nOA CTpaxoM nepeBOAa B neXOTy nO,Il,HI1MaTbC51 B B03,1l,yx B nb51HOM Bl1,1l,e.

***
CaMbtM cTpawHbtM sparoM as11aTopos so speMeHa
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TO AJ151 c):>aHepHO-nOilOTH51HOrO annapaTa BpeMeH rpa>K,Il,aHCKOiil BOiiiHbl ro,ll,-nOilTOpa C41-1Tafli1Cb BeCbMa ,ll,peBHI1M
B03paCTOM. noKa3aTeflbHbl B 3TOM OTHOWeHI111 XOT51 6bl
socnoMI1HaHf.1SI neT411Ka TyMaHCKoro. nony411B secHoiil
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CaMoneTbt 113HaWI1Bani1Cb 4pe3Bbt4aii1Ho 6btCTpo. 06
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noAKPY4111BaTb 4YTb n11 He nocne Ka>K)J.oro BbtfleTa, pacxoA11Il11Cb KJleeBble WBbl, paCT51ri1BMOCb 11 npOBI1CailO noIlOTHO, pacwaTbtBanf.1Cb rB03,1l,f.1 B KapKaCe, pa36af1Tb1Bani1Cb wapH11pHble COe,ll,I1HeHI151. B KOHL\e KOHL\08 CaMoneT
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B CoseTCKOiil POCCI111 o6CTaHOBKa 6btfla COBCeM 11HOiil.
rnaBHbte CbtpbeBble paiiiOHbl OKa3afli1Cb OTpe3aHbl, a 6e3
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* YnoMMHiJHMe o "/l.pymx HapKOTMKiJX" - He nycTbte cnoaa. EcTb ,JJ,iJHHbte ( aocnoMMHiJHMfl Mapwana C.A. KpacoacKoro}, 'ITO a neTHoCi cpe/l.B BCTpe~iJfll1Cb, K 11pl1M8py, 60flbWl18 nt06l1TBfll1 KOK8l1H8.

Ka3aHcKaJI cMech
TYPKecTaHcKoro xnonKa asll1a3aBOAaM np111wnocb pe3KO
COKpaH1Tb npOII13BOACTBO.
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(B 1917-M- 1099 CaMOneTOB 111 374 MOTOpa*).
Ha cneAYtoll\li1iii roA nono>KeHII1e ell\e 6onee yxyAWli1nOCb.
B s:lHsape-MapTe 1919-ro 6onbWli1HCTBO asll1a3aBOAOB
npocTali1sano li13-3a OTCYTCTBII1s:l sneKTpli14ecTsa. '-lll1cneHHOCTb pa604li1X COKpaTli1naCb Ha 30-40%. 3aTeM npOli13BOACTBO B0306HOBli1nOCb, XOTS'l li1 B ropa3AO MeHbWII1X 06beMaX. HeCMOTps:l Ha TO, 4TO Tpe6oBaHli1s:l K HOBOiii npOAYKLJ,li1li1 6blnli1 3Ha4li1TenbHO cHli1>KeHbl (caMoneTbl nocTynanll1 c
3aBOAOB 6e3 nposepKli1 co6ntoAeHII1s:l TeXH1114eCKli1X ycnoBli1iii Ha MaTepli1anbl li1 Aa>Ke 6e3 np1116opos, KOTOpble HaAne>Kano 6paTb CO Cnli1CaHHbiX MaWli1H), 3a BeCb 1919 rGA 06beM BbmycKa cocTasli1n scero 137 asponnaHos li1 77 asll1aABli1raTeneiii.
TonbKO K KOHu,y 1919-ro, KOrAa aBII1a111HAYCTpli1s:l y>Ke
<<AbiWana Ha naAaH>>, COBeTCKOe npaBII1TenbCTBO 1113MeHII1no K Heiii csoe OTHoweHli1e. 22 AeKa6ps:l rnasHoe ynpasneHli1e aBli1a3aBOAOB ( rnaBKOaBli1a) li1 nOA4111HeHHble eMy
npeAnpli1s:lTli1s:l 6blnli1 nepeAaHbl li13 BCHX CoseTY soeHHOiii
npOMbiWneHHOCTli1 (npoMBOeHCOBeTy). 3TO 03Ha4ano,
npe>KAe scero, yny4weHli1e cHa6>KeHli1s:l CblpbeM 111 npeAocTasneHli1e HeKOTOpbiX nbrGT pa60THli1KaM (BpOAe yny4weHHOrO naiiiKa).
B MapTe 1920-ro Ha asli1a3aBOAbl pacnpocTpaHli1nli1 nono>KeHli1e 0 Mli1nii1Tap1113au,111li1, B COOTBeTCTBli1111 C KOTOpbiM
see pa6o4li1e o6bs:lBns:lnii1Cb M06111nli130BaHHbiMII1 li1 6b1n111
06s:l3aHbl nOA4li1Hs:lTbCs:l BOli1HCKOiii AII1CU,II1nn111He. 3TO Bblpa>KanOCb B 3anpeTe Ha ysonbHeHli1s:l 111 yronOBHOiii OTBeTCTBeHHOCTli1 3a caMosonbHbliii yxoA c pa6oTbl, on03AaHII1s:l li1
nporynbl. HaKoHeu,, 16 111/0HS'l as111anpeAnp111HTli1s:l np111pasHs:lnli1 K <<YAapHOiii rpynne 060pOHHbiX 3aBOAOB B OTHOWeHli1111 CHa6>KeHII1s:l TOnnli1BOM, CblpbeM li1 3neKTp03Hepr111eiii.
Ho 3Tli1 3ano3Aanble Mepbl no4TII1 He npii1Hecnll1 pe3ynbTaTOB. B 1920 rOAY 6bln0 Bblnyll\eHO nli1Wb 166 CaMoneTOB,
TO eCTb B 6 pa3 MeHbWe, 4eM B 1917-M. Bcero 3a rGAbl
rpa>KAaHCKOiii BOiiiHbl B PC<!>CP 6b1no nocTpoeHo 558 asponnaHos**. TaKara KOnll14eCTBa He xBaTano Aa>Ke Ha socnonHeHli1e noTepb.
8 pe3ynbTaTe KpaCHbiM neT4li1KaM BHOBb 111 BHOBb npli1XOAli1n0Cb nOAHli1MaTbCs:l B He6o Ha TOM, 4TO B nto6oiii Apyroiii
CTpaHe y>Ke AaBHO nony4li1no 6bl 3acny>KeHHoe MecTo Ha
csanKe. Xopoweiii 1-1nntocTpau,111eiii K BbiWecKa3aHHOMy HBns:leTCs:l OTPbiBOK 1113 socnoMli1HaHII1iii nonKOBHli1Ka H.KyAps:lBu,esa, cny>KII1swero s 1919 rGAY s 21-M pa3BeAbiBaTenbHOM asll1aOTPs:lAe: Kor.aa CBMOneT (ctJapMBH-30, np11M
88T.) 8K8Tbi8Bnl1 8 nanaTKy, Ha nYTI1 era no.a8epHyncR He-

* ,lJ,nR Cp8BHeHl1R, B TOM )f(e

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Y>Ke Ha paHHeM 3Tane rpa>KAaHcKoiii soiiiHbl cmno HCHo,

4TO COnii1AHbliii 3anac CaMoneTOB, AOCTaBWII1iiiCs:l 6onbWeBII1KaM OT CTaporo pe>KII1Ma, TaeT 6yKsanbHO Ha rna3ax.
TOrAa nOHBII1nC51 npii1Ka3 Ha4anbH111Ka rYBB<!> BopOTHli1KOBa
OT 5 OKT516p51 1918 rGAa, HanpasneHHbliii npOTli1B neT4111KOB, CTapaBWII1XCs:l nony4111Tb CO CKnaAOB HOBble MaWII1Hbl
B3aMeH 1113HOWeHHbiX, HO ell\e np111rGAHbiX K noneTaM.
<< 06pa4a/O 8HI1MBHI1e 8Cex neT'II1K08, a oco6eHHO KOMBH.D.I1P08 HB He.aonyCTI1MOCTb no.ao6Hb/X R8neHI1i71, 38
K8K08ble 8npe,IJ,b 6y.ay 83b!CKI188Tb CO 8Cei71 CTpOrOCTb/0
pe80n/OU,I10HHoi71 .D.I1CU,I1nni1Hbl. CTa8n/O 8Cex 8 1138eCTHOCTb, 'ITO pecny6ni1K8 Kpai!IHe 6e,IJ,H8 803/J,yWHbiMI1
Cpe.aCT88MI1 11 He,IJ,OCTBTO'IHOe 11CnOnb3088HI1e KB>K/],010
CBMOneTa, MOTOpa, ny.aa 6eH311H8 R8nReTCR Tfl)I(K11M npeCTynneHI1eM. He MeHee TR)I(KI1M npecTynneHI1eM R8nReTCR 11113ni1WHee 8biTpe6088HI1e 11Myt4eCT88 H8 cfJpOHT, nO'IeMy npe/1,/1ara/O 8 Tpe6o8BHI1Rx CTporo coo6pa308bi88TbCR C nOTpe6HOCTbiO.

HenoHHTHO, 4TO C4111Tan TOBapll1ll\ 80pOTHII1KOB AOCTaT04HbiM 111Cnonb30BaHII1eM CaMoneTOB. 04eBli1AHO, TO, 0
4eM perynHpHo coo6ll\an111 Ha npoTs:l>KeHII1111 sceiii soiiiHbl cyX111e CBOAKII1 C aspOApOMOB (Opcporpacpll1s:l nOAn111HH111Ka):
- np11 83nem Ha caMonem Hb/Onop X 8Cne.aCT811e c.aa'111 MOTOpa ynan11 pa3611nCR H8 CMepTb neT'!. 4 COU,I18ni1CT.
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- np11 B03Bp84eHI111 C P838e/J,KI1 H8 BbiCOTe 9001000 MeTp. y CBMOneTa M0pi1C ctJapMBH OT0p88ni1Cb
KpblnbRI1 np11 na.aeHI111 pa3611ncR Ha cMepTb neT'!. 35 88110TpR.aa Tpyco8 c Ha6niO.aaTeneM /l,M11Tpl1e8biM.
- np11 noca,aKe Ha caMoneTe ctJapMaH XXX 113-38 nepe6oea MOTOpa 11 noTep11 CKOpOCTI1 ynan11 pa3611nCR neT'II1K
18 Kopn. aai10TPR.aa CI1MBHKOB. OT nony'leHHbiX Tfl)l(enb!X
paHeHI1i71 CKOH'IBnCR.
- np11 noneTe Ha annapaTe 17e6e.ab a ao3.ayxe OTOp8anocb KpblnO, 8Cne.aCT811e '!ero ynan 11 pa3611ncR neT'111K CI1HI1U,8.
- Bo 8peMR 8bmOnHeHI1R neTnl1 y caMoneTa Hb/Onop
OTOp8ani1Cb KPblnbR, no'leMy np11 na.aeHI111 pa3611nCR neT'111K 13 88110TpR.aa XopanbKO.
- Bo 8peMR noneTa Ha annapaTe MopaH napaconb nonHynl1 ma8Hble noH)/(epoHbl cfJ103enR)I(a Ha CKneiliKe, 8cne.aCT811e 'lero annapaT ynan 11 np11 na.aeHI111 nor116 neT'I11K
22 pa38e.a. oTpR.aa ){(ypa8ne8 ...

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asap111111 caMoneT np111XOAII1nOCb cnii1CbiBaTb, a nli1nOT np111
3TOM ocTasancs:l >Kli1B. B pe3ynbTaTe Y>Ke K Ha4any 1919 roAa HexsaTKa neTHoro cocTasa s PKKB<!> cMeHII1nacb xpOHII14eCKII1M Ae111LJ,II1TOM asponnaHOB. A K OCeHII1 TOro >Ke rGAa
AOpeBOniOLJ,1110HHble CKnaACKII1e pe3epBbl aBII1aTeXHli1KII1
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OTPHAOB, CaMon.eTbl HenpepbiBHO peMOHTII1pOBanii1Cb.
8 1919 rGAY 405 MaWII1H npoWnll1 Kanii1TanbHbliii peMOHT Ha
3aBOAaX, B as111anapKaX 111 noe3AaX-MaCTepCK111X. ropa3AO
6onbwe 4111HII1nOcb HenocpeACTBeHHo Ha aspoApoMax.
,l),ns:l B03Bpall\eHII151 K >KII13HII1 AaBHO OTCny>KII1BWII1X CBOe annapaTOB MeXaHII1KII1 111 MOTOpli1CTbl HepeAKO TBOp111nll1 4YAeca 111306peTaTenbHOCTII1. C OAHOiii MaWli1Hbl Ha Apyryto nepeK111Ab1Banll1 ABli1raTenll1, MeHHnll1 nOCTOs:lHHO noMaBWli1eCs:l wacc111, nonHOCTbto nepeTS'lrll1sanli1 o6wli1sKy. 3aMeHa
TaKoiii Men04111, KaK BII1HTbl, KOneca 111n111 XBOCTOBble KOC-

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19000!

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KTO :>Ke nepBbiM Hapli1COsan 3Se3AY Ha CSOeM annapaTe.
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2 J:JK. 207

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ocTancH l.(en 111 Hespe,D,IIIM. Ell.\e ,D,Ba annapaTa noTepnenlll
asap111111 no TexHIII~eCKIIIM np111~111HaM. Ha MecTo cn111caHHbiX
nOCTYnanlll HOBble MaWIIIHbl, 111 ~111CneHHbl~ COCTaB nO,D,pa3,D,eneHII1H OCTasanCH np111MepHO nOCTOHHHbiM.
HecKOnbKO paHbWe, s KOHI..\e anpenH 1919-ro, aHrnii1~
CK111e riii,D,ponnaHbl noHB111nii1Cb Ha CesepHo~ ,LJ,s111He. 3TO 6blnil1 12 Cl>3~pi11 1118>> 111 CTOnbKO >Ke rpOM03,1J,Ki11X TpexcTOe~
HbiX 6111nnaHos ycTapeswe~ KOHCTPYKI..\111111 WopT 184, ,D,OcTasneHHbiX s ApxaHrenbCK 6p111TaHCK111M riii,D,poasll!aHOCI..\eM
neracyc. He coxpaHIIInOcb no~TIII HII1KaKII1x ,D,aHHbiX o6 111x
6oeso~ pa6oTe. 1113,D,asaswii1~CH s 1920 ro,D,y s KpbiMY 6enorsap,D,e~CK111~ as111al.\1110HHbl~ >KypHan Hawa CTIIIXIIIH orpaHII1~111nCH npeHe6pe>KII1TenbHO~ pa3o~. ~To aHrnlll~aHe

Ha ,[I,BII!He " ..neTan/11 B 06L1.(BM M8fl0, HO C8MOflBTb/ CBOVI 6111fl/11 HBL1.(8,LJ,HO. Tpy,D,HO Cy,IJ,ii1Tb, HaCKOnbKO 3TO COOTBeTCTBYeT ,D,e~CTBII1TenbHOCTII1. no aHrniii~CKIIIM ,D,aHHbiM 1113BeCTHO
nii1Wb 0 ,IJ,BYX Cl>3~Pil1>> 111 O,D,HOM WOpTe, pa36111TbiX B asaPIIIHX c MaH no ceHTH6pb 1919-ro. Ell.\e O,D,IIIH Cl>3~Pil1 6bln
nO,D,6111T 3eHII1THbiM OrHeM 14 IIIIOnH. n111nOT He CMOr ,D,OTHHYTb
,D,O CBOIIIX 111 npi11BO,IJ,Hil1nCH Ha COBeTCKO~ Teppi11TOpi11111. 3K111na>K 6e>Kan, a caMoneT cTan Tpo>eeM KpacHo~ apMi11111. AHrnlll~aHe ,D,O CIIIX nop ~111CnHT neT~IIIKOB C 3TO~ MaWIIIHbl ne~
TeHaHTOB Mapwanna 111 n3HC,D,OyHa nonaswii1MII1 s nneH, O,D,HaKo B COBeTCKIIIX ,IJ,OKyMeHTaX HeT nO,D,TBep)I(,IJ,eHIIIH ,D,aHHO~
sepc111111. CKopee scero, 6pi11TaHCK111e asll!aTOPbl nor1116n111,
3a6ny,D,i11BWII1Cb s Ta~re 111 Henpoxo,D,IIIMbiX 6onoTax.
noMIIIMO 06bi~HbiX 6oeBbiX Cl>3~PII1>, B POCCIIIIO nOCTYnll!nlll ,D,Be MaWIIIHbl co cnapeHHbiM ynpasneHII!eM. lllx 111Cnonb30sanll1 ,D,nH o6y~eH111H pyccKIIIX neT~IIIKOB noneTaM Ha
aHrni11~CKi11X riii,D,ponnaHax. 1113 npowe,D,WIIIx KYPC o6y~eH111H
i113BeCTHbl nO,D,nOnKOBHII1Kil1 6ap6ac 111 KneM60BCK111~, a TaK>Ke
ne~TeHaHTbl MenbHII11..\KII1~ 111 KopcaKos. C 12 ceHTH6pH pycCKII!e 3KII1na>KII1 Ha <<WopTax Ha~an111 cosepwaTb caMOCTOHTenbHble BblneTbl.
K cesepy OT OHe>KcKoro o3epa, y nocenKa nyM6ywll1 He,D,onroe speMH (c cepe,D,II1Hbl asrycTa ,D,O KOHI..\a ceHTH6PH
1919-ro) 6a3111posanocb Ha3eMHOe no,D,pa3,D,eneHII1e aHrniii~CKO~ MOpCKO~ asll1al.(ll1111. 8 Hero BXO,D,i11nil1 nHTb <<K3MenOB, ~eTblpe <<Api113~Ta 111 ,D,Ba <<ABpO 504. neT~ii1Ki11 3TOrO
OTpH,D,a BblnOnHHnlll Te >Ke 3a,D,a~ll1, ~TO 111 IIIX KOnner111 Ha riii,D,ponnaHaX. 29 asrycTa O,D,IIIH <<K3Men 1113-3a OTKa3a ,D,BIIIraTenH cen Ha BbiHy)I(,IJ,eHHYIO nO,D, neTp03aBO,D,CKOM. n111n0T ne~
TeHaHT Ca~Kc nonan s nneH. 3To 6blna nocne,D,HHH noTepH
cpe,D,III aHrni11~CK111X neT~i11KOB Ha cesepe Pocc~1111.
60nbWeBII1Ki11 no y>Ke CnO>KIIIBWe~CH Ha rpa)I(,IJ,aHCKO~ 80~
He <<TPMIIII..\111111 pew111n111 111Cnonb30BaTb Ca~Kca s Ka~ecTse
3anO>KHII1Ka. 8 Ha~ane CeHTH6pH COBeTCKIII~ riii,D,pOnnaH
c6pOCi11n Ha,D, aHrniii~CKIIIM a3pO,D,pOMOM BbiMnen C nocnaHIIIeM, B KOTOpOM rOBOp111nOCb, ~TO ecn111 60M6ap,D,i11POBKII1
neTp03aBO,D,CKa He npeKpaTHTCH, TO nneHHbl~ 6y,D,eT paCCTpenHH. K CO>KaneHIIIIO, HaM He 1113BeCTHO 0 TOM, KaK aHrnlll~a
He 0Tpeari11pOBanll1 Ha 3TOT ynbTIIIMaTYM.
25 CeHTH6pH COCTOHnCH nocne,D,Hill~ 60eBO~ BblneT aHrniii~CKOrO caMoneTa c riiiAPOAPOMa Me,D,se>KbH ropa.
K TOMy speMeHIII 6pi11TaHCKaH as111al.\i11H y>Ke nOKIIIHyna ApxaHrenbcKyiO o6nacTb. 26-ro Ha~ancH BbiBO,D, 0He>KCKO~
rpynn111pOBKII1.

29 CeHTH6pH KpaCHbl~ neT~IIIK 18-rO pa3Be,D,OTpH,D,a

MenbHIIIKOB cosepw111n asap111~HYIO noca,D,Ky 1113-3a nonoMKIII
MOTOpa B03ne a3pO,D,pOMa ,[I,Bi11HCK111~ 6epe3Hi11K, OCTasneHHOro <<CnasHHo-6p111TaHI..\aMII1" HecKOnbKO ,D,He~ Ha3a,D,. OH
06Hapy>KII1n TaM 10 CO)I()I(eHHbiX a3pOnnaHOB pa3nii1~HbiX TillnOB, KOTOpble aHrnlll~aHe nOC~II1Tanll1 HeBblrO,D,HbiM BbiB03111Tb, a TaK>Ke - 6poweHHble Hll.\111KII1 c 6oM6aMII1 111 B3pb1BaTenHM111, KapKaCbl nanaTOK 111 MHOrOe ,D,pyroe, ~TO CBIII,D,eTenbCTBOBanO 0 nocneWHO~ 3BaKyal.(ll1111.

***
6enorsap,D,e~l.\bl

Ha Cesepe 3all.\111Ll.\anll1cb ell.\e OKono nonyro,D,a. nocne yxo,D,a aHrnlll~aH ocTasw111ecH pyccK111e neT~111Ki11 6blnil1 CBe,D,eHbl B MypMaHCKIII~ aB111a,D,i11Bi1131110H, KOTOpbl~ B03rnaBII1n nOnKOBHIIIK 6ap6ac, 111 riii,D,pOOTpH,D, nO,D, KOMaH,D,OBaHII!eM ne~TeHaHTa KpaescKoro. 8 ,D,II1BII131110He TaK>Ke cny>Ki11nil1 nopy~IIIK TyMaHOB (B HOH6pe ero Ha3Ha~ll1nll1 KOMaH,D,i11pOM 1-ro aslllaOTpH,D,a CesepHoro cppOHTa, pa3MeLl.\eHHOro s 06o3epcKo~). no,D,nopy~IIIK KneM60BCK111~, ne~
TeHaHT MenbHII11..\K111~, yHTep-o>1111..\ePbl Bepwi11HII1H 111 ,LJ,ywyTIIIH, a TaK>Ke- He,D,aBHIIIe <<nepeneT~i11Kil1 s:IKOBII1l.(Kil1~, 3HaMeHCKi11:/i 111 MaTBe~. 1113 6epn111Ha npi116bln OCB060)I(,IJ,eHHbl~
1113 repMaHCKOrO nneHa npanOPLl.\IIIK AHIIIKIIIH.
MaT~aCTb ,IJ,ii1Bi1131110Ha 111 ri11,D,p00TpH,D,a COCTaBnHnill Tpi11 neTai0Ll.\111X nO,D,Kill rpi11rOpOBII1~a. TPIII <<WOpTa, ,D,Ba <<Cl>3~PII1>,
TPIII <<K3Mena, soceMb <<Aspo-504", D.H.9, <<Consill~" 111
<<Api113~T". Bcero 22 MaWIIIHbl, TO eCTb caMoneTos Hac~II1Tbl
sanocb 3Ha~II1TenbHO 6onbwe, ~eM neT~IIIKOB. 6eH3111Ha 111
as111a6oM6 TO>Ke 111Menocb s ,D,OCTaTKe. O,D,HaKo TaKoe <<i11306i11nll1e He pa,D,osano. reHepan Mlllnnep nbiTancH sep6osaTb
nll1nOTOB-,D,06pOBOnbl.(eB (a TO~Hee- HaeMHIIIKOB) B AHrni11111
111 ct>paHI..\111111. Ho HeCMOTpH Ha Ll.\e,D,pble ,D,eHe>KHble nocynbl,
Ha npi113biB HIIIKTO He OTKJliiiKHynCH. Espone~l.\bl Y>Ke He BePil1nil1 s ycnex 6enbiX apM111~.
Me>K,IJ,y TeM, npi11XO,D,II1BWII1e O,D,HO 3a ,D,pyrii1M 1113BeCT111H o
Hey,D,a~ax Kon~aKa 111 ,LJ,eHII1KII1Ha Bbl3sanll1 Ha C8sepHOM
>poHTe poeT nopa>KeH~eCKIIIX HacTpOeHIII~. Pe3KO y~aCTII1nii1Cb cny~a111 ,D,e3epTi11PCTBa. 6 OKTH6pH neT~IIIK AHIIIKIIIH, BblneTeB Ha pa3Be,D,Ky, npi113eMnll1nCH y KpaCHbiX. Ha6niO,D,aTenb
<<ABpO WTa6C-Kanii1TaH Cl>111n111nnos 3aCTpenll1nCH. AHIIIKIIIH
>Ke Ha ,D,onpoce 3aHB111n, ~TO cosepw111n nepeneT HaMepeHHO. Ecn111 OH He COnran, onacaHCb 3a CBOIO >Ki113Hb, TO 3TO
6bln e,D,sa n111 He nepBbl~ s rpa>K,IJ,aHCKO~ so~ He cny~a~. KOr,D,a Ka,D,pOBbl~ neT~IIIK l.(apCKO~ apMi11111 ,D,06pOBOnbHO nepeneTen K 6onbwesii1KaM.
8 ,D,eKa6pe ne~TeHaHT s:IKOB1111..\KII1~ 111 nopy~111K TyMaHOB cosepwi11n111 wecTb 6oesbiX BblneTOB Ha pa3se,D,Ky 111 6oM6oMeTaHII1e. ,LJ,aHHbiX o ,D,anbHe~we~ pa60Te 6eno~ aslllal..\111111 Cesepa He coxpaHIIInOcb. Ho ,D,a>Ke ecn111 OHa 111 senacb, TO 3TO
Y>Ke Hlll~ero He Morno 1113MeHII1Tb. 18 >espanH 1920 ro,D,a
yclllneHHble pe3epsaMII1 ~aCTIII KpacHo~ apM111111 nerKo B3noManll1 o6opoHy npoTII1BHII1Ka 111 20-ro BCTYnll1nll1 s ApxaHrenbCK. As Ha~ane MapTa BbiWe,D,wllle 1113 no,D,nOnbH 6onbweBi11K111 111 soccTasw111e MaTpOCbl 3aHHnll1 MypMaHCK. CesepHbl~
cppOHT 6bln n111KBII1,D,i11pOBaH. He nO>KenaBWIIIe C,D,aBaTbCH OTpH,D,bl Henpi11Mi11pi11MbiX 6enorsap,D,e~l.\eB c 60HMII1 npo6111ni11Cb s Cl>111HnHH,IJ,i1110. Bee neT~ ill Kill MypMaHcKoro ,D,i11Bi1131110Ha
ycneni113BaKyi11posaTbCH Ha napoxo,D,e s Hopser11110.
Ill B 3aKniO~eHII1e HeMHOrO CTaTII1CTII1Ki11. 0Ha KacaeTCH
TOnbKO aHrniii~CKO~ riii,D,poaslllal..\111111, TaK KaK no CnasHH06pi11TaHCKOMy aslllaKOpnycy 111 npOTIIIBOCTOHBWIIIM eMy COBeTCKIIIM as111aoTpH,D,aM HeT o6o6Ll.\eHHbiX ,D,aHHbiX. IIITaK,
CKpynyne3Hble aHrnlll~aHe no,D,c~111Tan111, ~To c Ha~ana IIIIOHH
no KOHel.\ CeHTH6pH 1919 rO,D,a 6pi11TaHCKII1e MOpCKIIIe neT~111Ki11 Ha cesepe Pocc111111 HaneTanlll s 06Ll.\eM IIITOre 616 ~a
cos, c6pOCII1B 1014 60M6 06Ll.\i11M BeCOM nO~Till 28 TOHH
(1113 HIIIX 321 Xi11M111~eCKy10), 6onee 25000 nii1CTOBOK 111 paCCTpenHB nO~Till 45000 nyneMeTHbiX naTpOHOB.

=
~
@~~ IrTUP@Jill\~Moo&.~&.

23.

ceHTH6pH 1918 r: npe,D,CTaS~1Tem1 C~6~pCKOVi pecny6n~K~, KoM~TeTa ~neHos y~pe,D,~TenbHOro co6paH~H. C~6~pcKoro ~ YpanbcKoro Ka3a%~x
SOVICK, a TaiOKe KOMaH,D,OSaH~H ~exocnosal(KOrQ KOpnyca
,D,OrOsOp~n~Cb 0 COSMeCTHbiX ,D,eiiiCTS~HX scex aHT~60nb
WeS~CTCK~X C~n Ha SOCTOKe POCO~~ ~ C03,D,aH~~ e,D,~HOrO
npas~TenbcTsa TaK Ha3blsaeMoill Y<I>~MCKOVI ,LJ,~peKTo
p~~. Ho 3TO 6biJ10 cna6oe npas~TenbCTBO c o~eHb necTpbiM
COCTaSOM, MHOr~e ~neHbl KOTOpOrO OTCTa~san~ TOnbKO
CSO~ y3KOnapT~VIHble ~ per~OHanbHble ~HTepeCbl. 0HO TaK ~
He CMorno Hana,D,~Tb pa60TY Tblna ~ opraH~3osaTb 3<l><l>eKmsHblill omop KpacHOVI apM~~.
8 OKTH6pe 6enorsap,D,eilll\bl noTepHn~ CaMapy, a s HOH6pe
OTCTYn~n~ el!le ,D,anbWe - S 3aSOn>KCK~e CTen~. nopa>KeH~H Ha <I>POHTe OKOH~aTenbHO nO,D,Opsan~ ~ 6e3 TOrO HeSbiCOK~Vi asTop~TeT nOCKYTHOVI ,LJ,~peKTop~~. 8 pe3ynbTaTe
Y>Ke 18 HOH6pH snaCTb s C~6~p~ 3axsaT~n sonesoill ~ 3Hepr~~Hblill non~T~K a,D,M~pan A.8.Kon~aK. PacnycT~s A~
peKTop~IO. OH nony~~n T~TYn 8epxosHoro npas~TenH Pccc~~ Ha CpOK ,D,O OKOH~aH~H rpa>K,D,aHCKOVI SOV!Hbl.
KOnY::IK CyMen 3a KOpOTKOe speMH ,D,06~TbCH TOrO, ~TO
OKa3anOCb He no,D, c~ny ero npe,D,wecTseHH~KaM - peanbHoro o6be,D,~HeH~H scex 6enbiX apM~VI C~6~p~. Ypana ~
,ll,anbHero 8ocTOKa. 8cms so rnase 3TOro soillcKa, OH Ha~an
rOTOS~TbCH K peW~TenbHOMy HaCTYnneH~IO. He S,D,aBaHCb S
no,D,p06HOCT~, OCTaHOS~MCH Ha TOM, ~TO CSH3aHO C as~al(~
ei/i. A C Heill S KOJNaKOSCKOVi apM~~ ,D,ena 06CTOHn~ MHrKO
rQSOpH HeSa>KHO.
Ellie S OKTH6pe 1918-ro ~epe3 H0S006pa30SaHHYIO
CTPYKTYPY c ,D,n~HHbiM Ha3S3H~eM As~al\~OHHOe OT,D,eneH~e ~H>KeHepHoro OT,D,ena 8blcwero coseTa cHa6>KeH~H
COI03HbiX 'lpM~Vi 6bln C,D,enaH KpynHblill 3aKa3 Ha nOCTasK~ ~3 8en~Ko6p~TaH~~ as~al\~OHHoro ~MYl!leCTsa. OH
sKniO~an a3ponnaHbl, MOTOPbl, as~anp~6opbl, CTaHK~. ~H
cTpyMeHTbl, 6oenp~naCbl. 0,D,H~M CnOSOM, see He06XO,D,~
MOe ,D,nH nonHOL\eHHOVI 6oesoill pa60Tbl 88C. Ho nocne
pa3roHa A~peKTOP~~ aHrn~VIcKoe npas~TenbCTso ycoMH~nocb S ,D,eMOKpaT~~HOCT~ KOn~aKOSCKOrQ pe>K~Ma ~ OTKa3ano eMy s no,IJ,,J,ep>KKe. OcTasanacb Ha,D,e)I(,IJ,a Ha ct>paHl\~10 ~ CWA, KOTOpble TO>Ke He o~eHb cnew~n~ Ha noMOU\b
6enoMy ,D,S~>KeH~IO. np~wnocb on~paTbCH n~wb Ha co6CTSeHHble KpaVIHe CKY,D,Hble pecypCbl. 8 TOM >Ke OKTH6pe
1918-ro s KpacHOHPCKe c<t>opM~posan~ 1-111 c~6~pcK~VI
as~anapK, r,D,e peMOHT~posan~cb np~we,D,w~e s Hero,D,HOCTb annapaTbl. 8 ToMcKe Ha~ana pa6oTaTb as~awKona.
K KOHL\Y ro,D,a ~3 as~aOTpH,D,OS, paHee SXO,IJ,~SW~X S COCTas C~6~pcKoill ~ Hapo,D,HOV! apM~VI. co3,D,aeTCH o6be,D,~
HeHHblill S03,D,YWHblill <!>nOT.
OpraHbl ynpasneH~H Kon~aKoscKoill as~al\~eill Kpo~n~Cb
no ,D,opesoniOL\~OHHbiM o6pa3l(aM. TblnOSbiM~ ~acTHM~.
~e6Hb1M~ 3ase,D,eH~HM~ ~ MaTep~anbHbiM o6ecne~eH~eM

3ase,D,osan OT,D,en S03,D,YWHOro <!>noTa rnasHOrO ~H>KeHep

HOrO ynpasneH~H (n1H>KY) np~ 8oeHHOM M~H~cTepcme
(aHanor Yso<t>nom). Henocpe,D,cTseHHOVI 6oesoill pa60Toill
as~aOTpH,D,OS pyKoso,D,~no YnpasneH~e 803AYWHOro <!>noTa
np~ CT2SKe 8epxOSHOro rnasHOKOMaH,D,YIOUiero, SblnOnHHSwee <I>YHKL\~~ As~aKaHl(a. 0T,D,en s03AYWHOro <!>noTa so3rnas~n Kan~TaH ,lJ,.A.6opeiiiKO, a Ha~anbH~KOM cppOHTOBOVI
as~al\~~ 6bln Ha3Ha~eH nonKOsH~K C.A.6oV!Ho-Po,D,3es~~.
8 ,D,eKa6pe Ha~ana pa6oTaTb KypraHcKaH neTHaH wKona,
r,D,e 3a speMH Kon~aKoscKoro npasneH~H npown~ no,D,rOTosKY ~ nepeno,D,rOTOSKY 6onee 50 neT~~Kos. Ecn~ ,D,OcTonp~-

Me~aTenbHOCTbiO CnaccKoill WKOnul 6bln caMoneT-seTepaH

6nep~o-IX (CM. rnasy 3), TO s KypraHe SOSCIO neTan He MeHee ,D,pesH~VI annapaT ct>apMaH-IV.
Tl!laTenbHO ~3y~~s S03MO>KHOCT~ 3asO,D,OS Ypana ~ c~6~p~. OT,D,en so3,D,YWHoro noTa np~wen K HeYTeW~Tenb
HOMY SbiSO,D,y, ~TO Ha MeCTHOe np0~3SO,D,CTSO CaMOneTOS ~
TeM 6onee - as~a,D,s~raTeneVI pacc~~TbiSaTb He np~xo
A~TCH. npas,D,a, Ha,D,O OTMeT~Tb, ~TO O,D,Ha nOnbiTKa TaKOrO
po,D,a see >Ke 6b1na npe,D,np~HHTa. TanaHm~sblill as~aMexa
H~K 1/l.lll.,LJ,~nb CyMen nOCTpO~Tb S Ll,eHTpanbHbiX as~al(~
OHHbiX MaCTepCK~X KOn~aKOSCKOVi apM~~ (L.J,AM) Op~r~
HanbHblill ,D,SYXMeCTHblill ~CTpe6~Tenb C06CTSeHHOVi KOHCTpyKl(~~. Oco6eHHOCTbiO 3Toro caMoneTa 6bln ~3MeHHe
Mblill s noneTe yron aTaK~ 6~nnaHHOVI Kopo6K~. no 3aMbiCny asTOpa, ysen~~eH~e yrna aTaK~ yny~wano cKoponO,D,beMHOCTb, a yMeHbWeH~e - ,D,asano np~pOCT CKOpOCT~.
JleTOM 1919-ro npanopl!I~K Po)I(,IJ,ecTseHCK~VI ~cnbiTan
Maw~Hy, OTMeT~s xopow~e neTHble ,D,aHHble. 8 ceHTH6pe
L.J,AMy 6bln ,D,aH 3aKa3 Ha 1 0 3K3eMnnHpOS ~CTpe6~TenH, HO
Ha ero sbmonHeH~e y~Ke He xsaT~no speMeH~. H~ O,D,~H cep~VIHblill o6pa3el\ TaK ~ He ycnen~ 3aKOH~~Tb, a cy,D,b6a
OnbiTHOVi MaW~Hbl He~3SeCTHa. 8 1920 rO,D,y ,[l,~nb 3M~rp~
posan s K~Taill, a OTTY,D,a- s AMep~Ky.
,lJ,nH o6ecne~eH~H ~MnOpTa SOOpY>KeH~Vi S KOHl(e 1918 ro,D,a 6blna C03,D,aHa TaK Ha3biSaeMaH 0C06aH ,[l,anbHeSOCTO~
HaH KOM~CC~H no ,D,enaM SOeHHOrO CHa6>KeH~H>> nO,D, pyKOSO,D,CTSOM reHepana Poona. O,D,HaKo 3Ta KOM~cc~H 6biCTPO
pa3pocnacb s rpoM03,D,K~VI ~ Henosopom~sblill 610poKpaT~
~ecK~VI KOHrnOMepaT, r,D,e 6yMar~ rynHnw MeCHL\aM~, co6~paH MHO>Kecmo no,D,n~ceill, s~3 ~ pe3onl0l\~VI. ,LJ,eno ocno>KHHnOCb el!le ~ 6biCTpbiM 06ecl(eH~SaH~eM py6nH ~ HexsaTKOVi mep,D,oill saniOTbl. 8 pe3ynbTaTe K Ha~any seceHHero HaCTYnneH~H KOn~aKOSCK~X SOVICK TaK ~ He 6blnO 3aKniO~eHO H~ O,D,HOrO KOHTpaKTa Ha nOCTasKy a3ponnaHOS.
8 MapTe 1919-ro 6enorsap,D,eillcKaH as~al\~H Ha 8ocTo~
HOM <!>pOHTe HaC~~Tblsana OKOnO 50 C~nbHO ~3HOWeHHbiX
MaW~H, MHOr~e ~3 KOTOpbiX nOCTOHHHO HaXO,D,~n~Cb S peMOHTe, a HeKOTOpble ,D,a>Ke He ~Men~ SOOpy>KeH~H. 3T~ 60nee ~eM CKpOMHble C~nbl 6bln~ no,D,eneHbl Ha 15 OTpH,D,OS,
pa36pocaHHbiX no ,D,SYM TbiCH~aM K~nOMeTpOS cj:>pOHTa OT
Ka3axcK~x cTeneVI ,[!,O nonHpHoro Ypana. As~a~acT~ CTpa,D,an~ OT HexsaTK~ rop10~ero, 6oenp~nacos, 3an~acTeill ~
neTHOrO 06MyH,D,~posaH~H. 8,D,06asOK KO SCeMy S anpene
1919 rO,D,a rnaSHblill WTa6 KOnYaKOSCKOVI apM~~ pew~n
ype3aTb ,D,eHe>KHOe co,D,ep>KaH~e o<l>~l\epos-neT~~Kos
S,D,SOe, np~pasHHS ~X no OKna,D,aM K COn,D,aTaM-MOTOp~C
TaM. np~~eM, ecn~ con,D,aTbl Haxo,D,~n~cb Ha nonHOM rocy,D,apcmeHHOM o6ecne~eH~~. TO ocp~l\ep Ha 3T~ ,D,eHbr~
,D,On>KeH 6bln KaK-TO Cyl!leCTSOSaTb, a 3a~aCTYIO el!le ~ CO,D,ep>KaTb CeMbiO. 8 TaK~X ycnOS~HX OCTasan~Cb Cny>K~Tb
TOnbKO HacTOHU\~e <t>aHaT~K~ csoero ,D,ena.
Ho Ha O,D,HOM 3HTY3~a3Me, KaK ~3SeCTHO, MHOrO He HaSOIOeWb. 3~Moill 1918-1919 ro,D,os 6enorsap,D,eillcK~e a3ponnaHbl KpaVIHe pe,D,KO noHsnHn~Cb s He6e Ha,D, POHTOM. TaK
pe,D,KO, ~TO 3TO ,D,ano nOSO,D, HeKOTOPbiM pyKOSO,D,~TenHM
KpacHoro 803AYWHoro <!>noTa ycoMH~TbCH, a eCTb n~ soo6l!le y KomaKa as~al\~H.
KpaCHble as~ac~nbl s 3TOT nep~OA TaiOKe 3Ha~~TenbHO
CH~3~n~ ~HTeHC~SHOCTb noneTOS. 8 HOH6pe 1918-rO as~a
rpynna nasnosa 6blna nepe6poweHa Ha 3ana,D,Hblill <I>POHT.
EVI Ha cMeHy 3 ,D,eKa6pH np~6blna KanY>KCKaH as~arpynna s
COCTase ,D,Syx OTpH,D,OS nO,D, KOMaH,D,OSaH~eM SOeHHOrQ neT-

JiyAbi>KHHK -

opy>KHe npoAeTapHaTa

nonKOBHMK C.A.&oiiHo-POA38BMif, HGifGnbHMK YnpaaneHMR

Bo3AYWHoro CDnoTa npM CTaaKe BepxoaHoro
rnaBHOKOMGHAYIOIQ8f0 KOnlfGKOBCKOM apMMH.
AopeaoniOL\MOHHbiM CHMMOK.

YLt1Ka A. r. nClAOCeKa. nepBbl~ OTP51A eoeTOSln Lt13 YeTblpex nLt1nOTOB: 6arypl'1Ha, PyeaKosa, WLt1poKosa V1 WV1MaHen51, BTOpo~ - ~a Tpex: Cl'laaca, XoMyrlt1HHLt1Kosa Lt1 s:lHbtwescKoro.
TeXHl'lYeCKOe OeHa~eHLtle rpynnbl 6btnO AOBOnbHO neeTpbiM
V1 BKntOYano s ce6~ ABa HbtOnopa-1 0 , ABa HbtOnopa-17,
'HbtOnop-24)), COnBl'lY, KOAPOH Lt1 AIDKe TaK)'tO YHLt1KaJlbHYIO M8Wl'1Hy, KaK AByxB~HTOBO~ 6Lt1nnaH <<CailbMeOH-MyaHtO C ABl'lfBTeJleM , yeTaHOBneHHbiM B cpt03efl~>Ke Lt1 eB513BHHbiM e BV1HT8M~ np~ nOMOI..L\Ltl Af1Lt1HHbiX KapAflHHbiX 8aJ10B.
3TOT caMoneT cpopMMbHO YLt1C11Lt111C~ 3a soeHneTOM XoMyTLt1HHLt1KOBbtM, HO cpaKT~YeCKLt1 Be tO BO~HY npoeT051J1 B CapaTOBCKOM as~anapKe.
KpoMe KaJl\')KaH, Ha BOeTOYHOM cppOHTe, B Capanyne,
6a3111posanc~ npl'lAflHHbl~ 28-t1 >Kene3HO~ AV1Blt13Lt1V1 1-t1
TaM6oscKl'lt1 asLtlaOTP~A (KoMaHALt1P A.K .TyMaHeKV1~, neTYLtlKIII: A6poe~M08, Eropos, KoHeB, Mltlxa~nos , Ha~AeHos,
CeHKeBl'lY), aHa IO>t<HOM Ypane Ae~eTsosan 1-C1 CapaToseKl-1~ (nlllflOTbl: ApTaMOHOB, CTenaHOB, npoXOA5leB Lt1 WnaK).
8 HaYane ~Heap~ see 3TLt1 OTP51Abl nOJ1yYLt111Lt1 HOBble HOMepa 111 eTaTYe pa3BeAb1BaTenbHbiX. 1-~ Lt1 2-~ Kan~CKLtle CTaJll-1
28-M 111 29-M, 1-~ TaM6oseKlt1~- 5-M, a 1-~ CapaTosCKV1C126-M. 8eero >Ke K cpespantO 1919-ro Ha BOeTOYHOM cppOHTe,
B eoeTaBe 2-1:1, 3-~, 4-~ Lt1 5- ~ apMLt1~ YLt1eJ1Lt1J10eb 16 8BLt1aOTP~AOB, B KOTOpbiX HaeYII1Tb1BaJlOeb OKOJ10 80 eaMoneTOB.
V13-3a e~nbHbiX XOnOAOB, MeTene~ Lt1 OTeyreTBLt151 HOpMaJlbHOfO roptOYero 6oesa51 pa6oTa asLt1aL.J.Lt1Lt1 eBOAl'lnaeb
Jll'lWb K 3nLt130Alt1YeeKLt1M noneTaM Ha pa3BeAKY Lt1 pa36paebtBaHl'le npoKnaMaU.V1~. TaK 28-~ Lt1 29-~ OTPSlAbl, 6a3Lt1posasw~ee51 noA Ycpo~, e 15 AeKa6p51 1918-ro no 3 MapTa
1919- ro eosepwl'lfll-1 seero 25 803AYWHbiX pa3BeAOK.
B APYr~x OTP51Aax nono>KeHLtle 6btno He nyYwe, a HeKoTopbte, KaK HanpLt1Mep 27-~ pa3BeAbiBaTeJ1bHbl~, B0061..L\e
Be tO 3l1MY OTelt1>KIABaJlLt1eb Ha 3eMne.

***
8 MapTe KOnYaKOBeKLtle BO~CKa nepeWJ1Lt1 B HaeTYnne Hl'le. 8HaYane l'lM eonyreTsosana yAaYa. 3a nonTopa MeCSlu.a OHltl npOABl'1HynV1eb Ha 300- 350 KLtlnoMeTpos, B351B Ycpy,
Capanyn, V1>t<eseK, BoTKLt1HeK lt1 P51A Apyrltlx HaceneHHbiX

nyHKTOB. Heo6XOALt1MO OTMeTLt1Tb, YTO 3TO WLt1pOKOMaeWTa6HOe HaeTYnfleHLtle npOXOALt1J10 cpaKTV1YeeKLt1 6e3 803AYWHO~ noJJ.Qep>t<KLtl. Kpa~He ena6a51 s TeXHLt1YeeKoM Lt1 opraHLt13aU.Lt10HHOM OTHOWeHLt1Lt1 6ena51 aBLt1aL.J.Lt151 He MOrna
o6eeneYLt1Tb B03AYWHOe nplt1KpbiTLt1e BO~CK Lt1 Haf1aALt1Tb perynSlpHbl~ e60p pa38eJJ.QaHHbiX. 8 pe3yJ1bT8Te KOJ1Y8KOBeKLt1e ALt1BLt13Lt1Lt1 HepeAKO ABLt1ranil1eb Ben enytO, He Lt1Me51
npeAeTasneHlt151 HLtl 0 ALt1ef10KaU.Lt1il1 HenpLt151Tell51, HLt1 Lt1 0 TOM ,
YTO TBOpLt1Te51 y HLt1X Ha cpnaHrax. Pa3BeAKa senaCb no eTapltlHKe, KOHHblMltl pa3be3AaMLt1 , YTO He A8Baf10 HY>KHOC1 onepaTLt1BHOeTLt1 s e6ope Lt1 AOeTasKe Lt1HopMaL.J.Lt1Lt1 . BnpoYeM,
Lt1 eOBeTeKa~ aBLtlaL.J.IA~ B 3TOT nepi110A 6biJ18 03a6oYeHa
J1i11Wb TeM, YT06bl yeneTb 3BaKyLt1pOBaTb lltOAe~ Lt1 TeXHLt1KY
npLtl noenewHOM oTc-rynneHLt1Lt1.
CoseTeKoe npasLt1TenbeTBO seebMa eepbe3HO 80enplt1H51no HOBYtO yrpo3y. neHLt1H 06b518Lt111 BoeTOYHbl~ cppOHT rnasHbiM cppoHTOM Peeny6nlt1KLt1. 6btn BbiABLtlHYT no3yHr Bee Ha
60pb6y e KonYaKOMh>Ha BOCTOK nOWJ1il1 3Wef10Hbl e BO~eKa
MLtl Lt1 TeXHLt1KO~ . 8 YaeTHOeTLt1 , KOJ1Lt1YeeTBO asLt1aU.Lt10HHbiX
OTP51AOB TaM B03poeno AO 18, a YLtleno eaMOJ1eTOB 8 HLtlXAO 100. TaKLtlM o6pa3oM , y>t<e s MapTe eoseTeKaSl asLt1aU.Lt151
npeB30WJ1a KOJlYaKOBeKytO no YLt1eneHHOeTLt1 BABOe. Ho e~e
6onee SlpKO Bblffl51ALt1T 3TO npesoeXOAeTBO, eenlll yyeeTb TeXHlt1YeeKoe eoeTO~Hltle MaWLt1H.
KpaeHbl~ B03AYWHbl~ cpnOT nonyYan, XOTSl Lt1 B MaJlbiX A03ax, HOBble asponnaHbl e MOCKOBeKLtlX Lt1 neTporpaAeKltlX 3aBOAOB. KpoMe TOfO, ei..L\e He eoseeM lt1eYepnanLt1eb AOpesoJltOU.Lt10HHble eKllaAeKLtle 3anaebl. Y KOJ1Y8KOBL.J.eB >Ke B TO BpeMSl eALt1HeTBeHHbiM Lt1eTOYHLt1KOM nOnOJ1HeHil1~ en~Lt1J1111 ...
COBeTeKLtle neTYLt1KLt1, KOTOpbte yrOH51J1Lt1 eBOI/1 MaWLt1Hbl K npoTLt1BHLt1K)'. HeeKOJlbKO T8KLt1X CJ1yYaeB OTMeYeHO 3Lt1MO~ Lt1 seeHOl:1 1918-1919 fOAOB . 8 YaCTHOeTLtl, B AeKa6pe nepeneTefl soeHneT WLt1pOKOB Lt13 2- ro Kany>t<eKoro OTP51Aa, s epeepane - een Ha BbiH\')K)].eHHytO 3a I1Lt1Hlt1e~ cppoHTa nlllnOT
naHAay Lt13 7 -ro pa3BeAOTP51Aa, a B MapTe nOA CapanynoM
npLt13eMnLt1ne~ y 6enbtx Cons LilY neTYLt1Ka VlsaHa HaC1AeHosa
l'1 neTHa6a 6aWKOBa. Y>t<e B Mae Ha HOBeHbKOM HbtOnope
nepeneTen K npoTLt1BHii1KY neTYLtlK W111MaHenb. Ao Taro OH
noYTLtl Mee5lu. LtlenonHSln o6513aHHOeTLt1 HaYanbHLt1Ka asLt1aU.lt1Lt1
5-C1 apMLt1Lt1 sMeeTo 3aeTpenLt1sweroe51 neTYLt1Ka MapTIIlposa.
BnpoYeM , caM WLt1MaHe1lb 6btn He oYeHb u.eHHbiM npLt1o6peTeHLt1eM AJ151 KOJ1YaKOBeKO~ aBLt1aU.Lt1111. Ha en~6e y KpaeHbiX
OH npOCJ1aBLt1J1C~ J1Lt1Wb TeM, YTO 3a KOpOTKLt1C1 nepLtlOA BpeMeHI/1 yenen pa36Lt1Tb ABa Lt1eTpe6Lt1Ten 51.
8 OeHOBHOM >Ke 6eJ1biM npLt1XOALt1I10eb BOeBaTb Ha TeX eaMbiX MaWLt1HaX, YTO ei..L\e B npOWJlOM fOAY 6biJ1111 8biBe3eHbl
lt13-nOA Ka3aHLt1 , CaMapbl Lt1 CV1M6Lt1peKa. KonYaKOBU.bt BbtH\')K)].eHHO lt1CnOJ1b30BaJl Lt1 AaBHO ycTapeBWLtle MopaHbt-napaeonLt1 , Bya3eHbl Lt1 <<HbtOnopbt- 11 , KOTOpbte ~e He
BCTpeY8J1Lt1Cb Ha COBeTCKlllX cppOHTOBbiX aapOAPOMaX.

***
8 KOHU.e anpen~ Ha 80eTOYHOM cppOHTe Hael)'nLt11l nepeJlOM. PyKoBOAeTso KpaeHot1 apMLt1Lt1 , eoepeAOTOYLt1B Ha tO>KHOM yYaCTKe MO~HytO YAapHytO rpynnLtlpOBKy, nepewno B
KOHTpHae-rynneHLtle. ~T06bl A06 Lt1TbC51 nOAaBJ15ltOI..L\er o YLtleJleHHOfO nepeseea s 30He npopbtBa, KpaeHbiM npLtlwnoeb
nepe6paebtBaTb so~eKa e APYr Ltlx yYacTKOB cppoHTa. V13-3a
OTeyreTBLt151 nOJ1HOU.eHHOC1 B03AYWHOC1 pa3BeAKLt1 KOJ1YaKOBU.bl He 3aMeTLt1J1Lt1 3TOC1 nepe6 pOCKlt1, lt1 BHe3anHbl~ cpnaHrOBbiC1 YAap 3aeTan 111x spaennox. B epa>KeHII151X, pa3sepHysWLt1XC51 y ropOAOB 6yryn bMa, 6ene6e~ Lt1 6yrypycnaH, 6enbte
6blnlt1 pa36Lt1Tbl Lt1 nOA yr p030C1 OKpy>t<eHlt151 HaYaJ1Lt1 6biCTpO
OTXOALt1Tb Ha soeToK. Ho Ha eesepe 6enor sapAeC1eKoe HaerynneHLtle no Lt1HepL.J.Lt1111 e~e npOAJl>Kanoeb. K 14 Ma51 YaeTil1
CLt16Lt1pCKO~ apMLt1Lt1 BbiWJ1Lt1 Ha BOeTOYHblt1 6eper peKLt1 851TKLt1
Lt1 3aH51J1lt1 HeCKOJlbKO npV1CTaHeC1 Ha 3anetAHOM 6epery.
3Aeeb KpaeHble asLtlaTOpbl s nepBble BeTpeTLt1J1Lt1eb B 803AYXe e KonYaKOBCKLt1MLt1 n eTYLt1KaMLt1 . CoseTcKaSl asLt1aU.Lt151
6blf1a npeAeTa sn e Ha 5-M 111 7-M pa3BeAOTP51A8MII1 , pa3Me -

lll.eHHbiMII1 Ha aspOAPOMe ApcK , a 3aTeM - 851TCKl'le nonHH~. npoTII1B HII1X Ae~CTBOBan 3-~ Cl-16l-1pCKII1~ OTP51A.
B KpacHbiX OTPs:tAax HaC4111TbiBanocb wecTepo neT4111KOB,
s 6enoraapAe~CKOM - Tpoe.
25 Ma51 4eTblpe COBeTCKII1X 3KII1na>Ka Ha ABVX HbtOnopax,
apMaHe 111 COnBII14e BblneTenll1 Ha 6oM6apA111POBKY TblnOBbiX o6beKTOB npoTII1BHII1Ka (npow.e roaop~ - >Kene3HOAOPO>KHbiX CTaHU.111~ 111 AepeaeHb, 3aH51TbiX 6enoraapAe~u.a
M111). Y cena noKTbi>KMa OH111 06Hap\')Kl-1nll1 aspOAPOM , Ha KOTOPOM CT051nll1 Bya3eH, apMaH 111 MopaH-COnHbe.
neT4111KII1 c6poc111n111 Ha a3pOAPOM 5 AeC51TII1cf>YHTOBbiX 60M6,
a 3aTeM - o6cTpenHnll1 era 1113 nyneMeToa. Ew.e 7 6oM6 6blno c6poweHo Ha AepeaHII1 6aAb51 111 noKTbl)f(Ma.
B 6oeaoM >t<ypHane 5-ro pa3BeAOTPs:tAa OTMeYeHo, YTO
1t1 60M6apA111POBKa 111 06CTpen npOBOAl'llll'lCb C 1600 MeTpoe. nonaCTb C TaKO~ BbiCOTbl 60M60~ , C6pOW8HHO~
spyYHYtO 111 6e3 np111u.ena, npaKTII14eCKII1 HeB03MO>KHO, a \')K
cTpenb6a 1113 nyneMeTa 111 aoace paaHOCII1nbHa TOMy, YT06bl
n pOCTO B3HTb 111 Bb16pOCl-1Tb 3a 6opT naTpOHHble neHTbl.
KpacaoeHneTbl He Mornll1 He 3HaTb, 4TO, aTaKy51 c AII1CTaHU.II1111 6onee nonyropa Kll1nOMeTpoa, OHl-1 lll'lWb anycl)'tO
pacxoAyKJT 6oenp111nacb1. Ho, 04eBII1AHO , YYBCTBO caMocoxpaHeHII1s:t 6 blno y H111X Cll1nbHee )f(enaHII1~ nopa3l-1Tb u.enb.
BeAb neTa51 Ha TaKO~ BbiCOTe, OHII1 111 CaMl-1 MOrnl-1 He 06paW.aTb BHII1MaHII1H Ha p\')Ke~HO-nyneMeTHbl~ OfOHb C 38Mlll-1,
a 3eHII1THO~ apT111nnep111111 y KonYaKoau.ea He 6blno. KpoMe
Taro , ecn111 a noneTe BApyr OTKa>KeT MOTOp (a 3TO cnyYanOCb HepeAKO ) , COnii1AHbl~ 3anac BbiCOTbl n03BOn~Jl Ha
nnaHII1poaaHII1111 nepeT51HYfb Yepe3 nii1HII1tO cppoHTa.
Be4epoM Toro >Ke AHH Cl>apMaH-30 7 -ro OTP~Aa ew.e pa3
nOHBII1nCH H(lA a3pOAPOMOM, c6pOCII1B Tp111 60M6bl. Ho HeCMOTpH Ha TO, 4TO B noneTHOM OT4eTe 6blnO 3anii1C8HO:
8111AHbl BOpOHKII1 BOKpyr CaMOneTOB npOTII1BHl-1K8, Hll1 OAHa
1113 6enoraapAe~CKII1X MaWII1H He nony4111na nospe>KAeHII1~.
26 Ma~ COCT051nCs:t B03AYWHbl~ 60~. KOn4aKOBCKl-1Ci <J)apMaH-30 (TOT caMbl~ , KOTOpbl~ AHeM paHee 6e3yCneWHO
nb1Tanii1Cb YHII14TO>KII1Tb COBeTCKII1e neT4l-1Kl-1) noneTen 60M6111Tb cTaHU.111KJ BHTCKII1e non51Hbl. C6poc111a copoKaQ>yHTOayKJ weCTOBytO MII1HY OT MII1HOMeTa nii1XOHII1Ha*, Jl8THa6
WTa6C-Kanii1TaH noArOpOAH111KOB yB111Aen 111AYW.l-1~ HaBCTpe~y Apyro~ Cl>apMaH , npll14eM, co 3B83AaMl-1 Ha KPblnb~x .
3TO 6bln annapaT 7 -ro OTP~Aa, BblneTeBWl-1~ Ha pa3B8AKY
apa>t<eCKII1X no3111LJ.II1~. BoT KaK onii1CbiBaeT AaJlbHe~wl'le co6 biT111H 6oeao~ >t<ypHan 3-ro C1116111pcKoro aal'laOTP51Aa:
nOIJ,IOpOIJ,HitfKOB, COXp8HRR nonHoe CnOKOVtCTBitfe, B H}'>KHb/Vt MOMeHT OTKpblfl MeTKitfVt nyneMeTHb/Vt OrOHb, lleM 38CT8Bitffl CHit731t7TbCR,

a 38TeM BO BpeMR nocnetJ,OB8BWitfX CMe-

flbiX 8T8K, ltfCKYCHb/M OIHeM, He 11,8B8R npOTitfBHitfK}' OnOMHitfTbCR, BbiHYIJ,Itffl Ha Bb/COTe 200 M yiJtTitf B rny60K1t7Vt Tblfl,
He 11,88 T8Kit7M o6p830M BblnOflHitfTb pa3Bell,K}'>>. nt060nbiTHO,

~TO OT4eT COBeTCKOrO 3KII1niDKa 06 3TOM 6oe, XOT51 OH l-1 Ha-

nl'lCaH He CTOnb U.BeTII1CTO, no CyTII1 51Bn~eTC51 38pK8JlbHbiM

oTpa>KeHII1eM n peAbiAyw.ero: C/Japcanb HanpaauncR Ha
6enorO>> Ha;:J. peKOU BRTKOVt. 3aBR38flCR 6oi7t, npOTitfBHitfK
CTapanCR 38VtTitf HaWeMy nOll, XBOCT, HO M8HeBp8Mitf M nyneMeTHOVt CTpenb60iJt 38CT8Bitfflltf ero 6pOCit7Tb 6oM60MeTaHitfB, nocne nocnetJ,Heu ollepetJ,u caMoneT npoTMBHMKa y)lan uncR co CHM>KeHueM

a caoe pacnono>KeHue.

Mbl , aepOHTHO, HII1KOrAa He y3HaeM, KTO >Ke KOfO Ha CaMOM Aene 3aCTaBII1n y~TII1 B rny60KII1~ Tbln l'lnl-1 yAanii1TbC~ co CHII1>KeHII1eM, Aa 3TO 111 He aa>KHO. PeanbHbiM 111TOroM
nepecTpen KII1 cTano TO, YTO o6e MaWl'lHbl , u.enble l-1 HespeA 111M ble, aepHynii1Cb Ha CBOII1 a3POAPOMbl. Lt1M8HHO TaK l-1 3aKaH4111Banii1Cb B 60nbWII1HCTBe CBOeM nOeAl-1HKII1 B He6e
fpa>K,D.aHCKO~ BO~Hbl. >aKTbl CB111AeTenbCTBytOT, 4TO 111X pe3ynbTaTII1BHOCTb He 111AeT Hll1 B KaKOe CpaaHeHl'le C B03AYWHbi MII1 cpa>Ke HII1HMII1 nepao~ M111poao~. B OAH111X cnyYa5tx

KpacaoeHneT A.K.TyMaHCKMM. CHMMOK 1916 r.

3TO MO>KHO 06bHCHII1Tb y60rii1M COCTOHHII1eM TeXHII1KII1 , B

APYfii1X - HII13KII1M ypoaHeM neTHO~ 111 CTpenKoao~ noArOTOBKII1 3KII1na>Ke~ ( HOpManbHO nOArOTOBneHHbiM>> C4111TanCs:l n111n0T, KOTOpbl~ yMell CeCTb, He nOAflOMII1B WaCCII1, a
cTpenb6e no B03AYWHbiM u.en5tM a neTHbiX wKonax aoo6w.e
He y4111n111). 6bln111, Ha Haw B3rn~A , 111 APYrll1e np1114l-1Hbl , HO o
HII1X Mbl noroaopii1M n03AHee .
10 111tOH5t Cl>apMaH-30 1113 2 -ro C1116111pcKoro aall1aOTP5tAa
6bln aTaKOBaH H(lA cenOM noHII1HCKOe COBeTCKII1M HbtOnOpOM-23>>, KOTOPbl~ nl'lnOTII1poaan neT4111K M111xa111n naanos l-13
1O-ro pa3BeAOTP~Aa . naanoa Aan oYepeAb, HO nocne nepBbiX >Ke BbiCTpenoa nyneMeT 3aKnii1HII1no. Cl>apMaH>>, nony41118 Tpll1 npo60II1Hbl B KpblnbHX 111 CTa6111nii138TOpe, aepHynC5t
Ha CBO~ aspOAPOM .
AocTaT04HO noKa3aTenbHbl~ cny4a~ npo1113owen 20 111tOH51. Ha 3TOT pa3 KOnYaKOBCKII1~ HbtOnop-23>> noA ynpaaneHII1eM npanopw.111Ka MypaToaa (nepeneTeawero a ceHT516pe 1918-ro OT KpaCHbiX) BCTpeTII1n apMaH-30 1113 7 -rO
pa3BeAOTP~Aa , TOnbKO '-ITO C6pOC111BW111~ 60M6y Ha CTaHU.11110 Oca. MypaToa OTKPbln orOHb ( 3KII1na)f( Cl>apMaHa
3Toro Aa>Ke He 3aMeT111n) , HO Tyr Ha ero caMoneTe 3arnox
ABII1raTenb. neT4111K CTan nnaHII1pOBaTb, nOAbiCKII1Ba~ nllOW.ClAKY All~ BbiHy)t(Jl.eHHO~ noCaAK111. 8 3TO CaMOe Bp8M51
3arnox MOTop 111 Ha Cl>apMaHe. KpacaoeHneTaM , YT06bl
cecTb Ha caoe~ Tepp111Top111111, HY>KHO 6blno nepece4b KaMy.
Lt1M 3TO yAanocb n111wb Ha nocneAH111X MeTpax BbiCOTbl. MeCTO AJ151 nOC(lAKII1 Bbl6111paTb y>Ke He npii1XOA111nOCb, l-1 neT4111K
ypOHII1n>> MaWII1HY Ha 6nii1>Ka~weM none, cnoMaa waccl-1 111
npaaytO HII1>KHtOtO nnocKOCTb. MypaToay noae3no ew.e
MeHbwe: np111 nOCaAKe e ro caMoneT CKanoTII1poaan, a caM
OH nonyYII1n cepbe3Hble ywll16bl.
CoaceM 111HaYe BblrnHAenll1 B03AYWHble 60111 a nocneaoeHHbiX MeMyapax coaeTCKII1X n e T4111 KOB. K npii1Mepy, A. K. TyMaHCKII1~ B CBOe~ KHII1re noneT CKB03b rOAbl nOAp06HO Onl'lCblaaeT, KaK OH a Mae 1919-ro C6111n 6enoraapAe~CKII1~ <<Cl>apMaH-30, KOTOpbl~, 3aropeBWII1Cb, ape3anc~ B 3eMntO. 0AHaKO a Pocc111~CKOM rocyAapcTaeHHOM aoeHHOM apx111ae ne)f(aT ace OT48Tbl o acex 6oeBbiX BblneTax TyMaHCKoro 3a
1919 rOA. Lt1 cpeA111 HII1X HeT He TOnbKO Hll1 OAHO~ B03AYWHOC1

* /113-38 HeXB8TKIA 8BIA8L{IAOHHb/X 6oenp1.1n8COB KOfli./8KOBL{bl I./8CTO IACnOflb30B8fllA T8KIAe MIAHbl BMeCTO 60M6.

.ByAbi>KHHK- opy}l{ue npoAeTapuaTa

KpacHble neT'IMKM: CasMH, ToMawescKMM M IO:JKaK,

oTnM"'MBWMec~a a 6o11x noA Ycloii. CHMMOK 1920 r.

no6eAbl, HO Aa>Ke Hltl OAHOrO ynOMlt1HaHVI51 0 BCTpeyax C caMOneTaMltl npOTlt18Hlt1Ka.

***
C nepSbiX '-fli1Cen Ma51, KOrAa Ha KaMe 3aKOH'-flt11lC51 neAOXOA, S 6oeSbiX Ae~CTBVIS1X SHOSb nplt1H511l yYaCTVIe 80Jl)f(CKlltlli
B03AYWHbllli Ali1Sll13li10H KpacHoro cpnoTa. nocne nononHeHVI51
OH COCT051n ll13 12 flllAPOCaMoneTOB M -9 VI Tpex VICTpe6li1Tenelli Hbtanop-23. neT'-fVIKOS >Ke H8C'-fVITbiBMOCb TOnbKO 10:
y>t<e ll138eCTHble HaM no 2-lli rnase CBVIHapes VI CT01151PCKll1~,
a TaiOKe AMli1Tpll1es, ll1cTOMVIH, ranaKTVIOHOB, Wapano8, KoHAaKos, Ko3nOB, n51TKe8VI'-f (VIHOrAa nVIWYT nVITK,eSVI'-f ltlnVI
neTKeBltl'-f) ll1 KOMaHAlllP AlltSlt13VIOHa - MOplleT Maxanos.
14 Ma51 8 nepBOM >Ke SblneTe Cn\f4lt1nOCb Lfn. li1CTOMlt1H lt1
AMlltTpllles, so3spa~a51Cb c pa3BeAKllt, noTep51nVI opllleHTltlposKY lt1 npli1BOAHL11nli1Cb Ha KOn'-faKOBCKO~ TeppltlTOpltlltl y roPOAa Ena6yra. BoeHHo-nonesol/1 CYA sTY >Ke HO'-fb nplllrosopltln o6oVIx K paccTpeny, ll1 npltlrosop 6bl1l cpa3y nplltseAeH 8
VICnonHeHltle Ha ocTposKe 6nll13 Capanyna.
BnpoYeM, He ltlCKiltO'-feHo, YTO CYAb6a asVIaTopos 6b1na
cosceM li1HOII1. 0 rll16enll1 ll1cTOMli1Ha VI AMlllTpltlesa Mbt 3HaeM nli1Wb co enos MexaHVIKa 3li1HKosa, neTaswero Ha VICTOMVIHCKOM fltlApOnflaHe S KaYeCTSe Ha6ntOA8Ten51. Lfepe3 HeCKOnbKO AHel/1 OH 8epHynC51 8 OTP51A, 3a51BVIB, YTO 6e>Kan Vl3
nneHa. 8 ero paCCKa3e Sbl3biBaeT COMHeHVI51 TO, C KaKOI/1
nocneWHOCTbtO KOn'-faKOBCKltlVt CyA, 06bi~HO BeCbMa ~ene
TltlnbHbiVt S C061ltOAeHll1lt1 SC51'-feCKVIX IOPVIAVI'-feCKltlX lt1 npou.eccyanbHbiX HOpM, pacnpaslt1nC51 c nneHHbiMltl a8lt1aTopaMVI. KpoMe TOrO, CSltlAeTenbCTBa 06 3TOM npOltlCWeCTBltlVI
HasepH51Ka AOJl>KHbl 6blnllt OCTaTbC51 8 6enorsapAeVtCKlt1X
apxltlsax ltlnltl XOT51 6bl - s ra3eTax. Ho HaM He yAanocb Hai/1Tltl Hli1Yero nOA06HOfO. 3aTO eCTb AaHHble, '-fTO KOn'-faKOSU,bl
nopolli HaMepeHHO pacnycKMVI cnyx111 o paccTpene nepe6e>KYli1Kos, YT06bl TaKltlM o6pa30M OTBeCTVI yrpo3y OT ltlX CeMel/1, OCTaSa8Wlt1XC51 cpaKT!I1YeCKlt1 S 3anO:>KHlt1KaX y KpaCHbiX.

TaK, HanpVIMep, paccTpen51HHblll1 6enor8apAell1u.aMll1 s

1919 rOAY KpacsoeHneT ll18aH Haii1AeHos Ha caMoM Aene
cnoKoii1Ho >Kll11l s Cll16ll1pll1, a 8 1920-M Aa>Ke so3rna8ll1!1 OAltlH
Vl3 aslt1aOTP51AOB AanbHe80CTO'-fHOVI pecny6nli1Klt1 . 0 noAo6H~x cnyYa51x ynoMVIHan ll1 A.B.Ceprees 8 csoelli KHltlre
5 neT cTpo~~tTenbCT8a ll1 6opb6bl Bo3AYWHoro noTa.
~epe3 MeC51U, pa36ll1nli1Cb HaCMepTb neT'-fltlK ranaKTltlOHOS lt1
MexaHVIK s:IKyweHKO. ll1x rlllAPOnnaH Ha 8111pa>Ke nonan s
MO~Hbll/1 HVICXOA51~lt1111 nOTOK. Ho lt1 Ha 3TOM HeC'-faCTbs:l S rlt1APOAL118lt13lt10He He KOH'-fll1nli1Cb. 11 ll1tOn51 napOXOAbl-6yKCli1Pbl
repu,eH ll1 KonnltlHO, TaW.lllSWltle no KaMe 6ap>Ky <~ KoMMy
Ha C rVIApOnnaHaMltl, nOAOpsanltlCb Ha MII1He. KOI1nli1HO
3aToHyn, a repu,eH nonyYltln cepbe3Hble nospe>t\neHll151 .
BAo6asoK OT S3Pb1Ba Mli1Hbl AeTOHlllposana ne>Kaswa51 Ha
nany6e 6ap>Klt1 asll1a6oM6a. 0Ali1H rlllAPOrtflaH pa3HeCJl0 S
~enK~~t, ASa YenoseKa norll16nll1, ew.e AeS51Tb nony'-fli1Jlll1 paHeHVI51. MO>KHO ce6e npeACTa8li1Tb, '-fTO 6bl OCT8110Cb OT
KOMMYHbl, ecnVI 6bl TaK >Ke Cpa6oTaJ1111 see n51Tb TOHH
60M6, xpaHlt18Wlt1XC51 S ee TptOMaX.
nocne 3Toro cnyYa51 6oeKOMnneKT ll1 6eH3li1H AJ151 caMoneToB nepeHecnltl Ha OTAenbHYtO rpy3o8ytO 6ap>Ky, a Afl51
OCTa8Wlt1XC51 nltlnOTOS rVIAPOAlt1Slt13lt10Ha OAHOI/1 1113 rna8HbiX
3(lAa'-f CTall nOltlCK YCTaHOSJleHHbiX 6enb1Mlt1 nnasy'-fltlX MltlH.
C so3Ayxa OHltl 6blnll1 xopowo 3aMeTHbl no xapaKTepHbiM
6ypyHaM Ha BOAe. 06Hap~eHHble MII1Hbl 8blnaBJ1lt1S8J1111
lltnllt paccTpenVIsanlll ll13 nyneMeT08.
8 KOHU,e ll110nft Q:>J10Tlt1nlt151 npll16blna S nepMb. TaM KpaCHble
MOP51Kll1 o6Hapy>t<ll11lll1 HeAOCTpoeHHYtO 6ap>Ky-aslt1aTpaHcnopT AaHVIIl~~tXa c 3aKpbiTbiM Aepe851HHbiM aHrapoM Ha YeTblpe caMoneTa, KOTopyta 6enor8apAell1u.bl co6ll1panlt1cb li1Cno1lb30BaTb Afl51 pa3Me~eHll151 C06CTSeHHOrO rli1APOOTP51Aa.
0 npVIMeHeHVIVI 6enbiX rltlApocaMoneTos Ha KaMe npaKTltl'-feCKllt Hltl'-fero He lt13BeCTHO. Mbl 3HaeM TOnbKO, '-fTO KOJ1Y8K08CKll1111 rli1AP08SII180Tp51A nO'-fTltl u,enltlKOM COCT051J1 lt13 6biSWlt1X
KpaCHbiX nVI1lOTOS-nepe6e>Kl.III1KOS.
K HaYany asrycTa 6oVI Ha KaMe 3asepwlt1nll1cb, lit KpacHa51
peYHa51 noTVInll151 nonyYltlna npli1Ka3 nepe6a3ll1posaTbCS1
nOA L.J.apltlU,biH.

***
nocMOTplltM Tenepb, YTO np011130WJ10 38 3TO speM51 Ha tO>KHOM yYaCTKe Q:>pOHTa. LfaCTltl Kp8CHOII1 apMltlltl , npOAOJl>K851
TeCHVITb HenpV151Ten51, e~e S KOHU,e Ma51 SbiWJlltl K peKe 6ena51. OT Toro, YA8CTC51 n111 6enorsapAell1uaM YAep)f(aTb 3TOT
py6e>K CO CTOnb CltlMSOnVI'-fHbiM Afl51 HltlX H83S8Hlt1eM , 3a8lt1cen VICXOA scel/1 BOCTO'-fHOI/1 KaMnaHltlltl . 3aAaYa 6biJ18 ltlCKJltO'-fVITenbHO CJlO>KHOI/1, SeAb 3AeCb, S paii10He Ybl , KpaCHble
COCpeAOTO'-fVInVI CSOltl nyYWltle Cltlflbl , npltl'-feM He TOJlbKO Ha3eMHble, HO VI 803AYWHble. Ha 3ana.n_HOM 6epery p e Kltl 6a3ll1 pOB8JllltCb 11-ilt, 28-~, 29-1/i, 30-111, 33-111ll1 39-111 pa3SeAOTp51Abl PKKB<P, SOOp\')KeHHble S OCHOSHOM nocneAHli1Mll1 MOAll1cpV1KaU,VI51MVI HbiOnOpOB lt1 COnSltl'-faMltl. npaSA3 , SO scex
3Tli1X OTP51Aax HaC'-fltlTblsanocb TOJlbKO 15 6oecnoco6HbiX
MaWVIH, HO VICnOnb30Safllt1Cb OHltl C MaKCltlMaflbHOIIi OTA8Yelli .
C KOil'-faKOBCKOI/1 CTOpOHbl AeVtCTSOsano 5 CaMOJl eTOS
(3 Hbtanopa-11 , MopaH-napaconb ll1 Bya3eH), ll13 KoTOpbiX nVIWb Ha HbtanopaX 6blnll1 ycTaHosneHbl nyneMeTbl.
Onepau,ll151 no Q:>opclllposaHllltO 6enoi7t HaYanacb 7 ll1iOH51 .
LfaCTVI KpaCHOVt apMVIVI H8'-faflll1 nepenpasy OAH08peMeHHO S
AByx MeCTax, K tOry lit cesepy OT Ycpbl. 3Kll1na>Kll1 C08eTCKli1X
asponnaHOB aTaKOSaJlltl KOn'-faKOBCKltle n03li1Ull1ll1 Ha BOCTOYHOM 6epery. A8VIaTOpbl S351nli1Cb 3a AeflO C 60nbWlt1M 3HTY3ll1a3MOM. Hanpli1Mep, 8 29-M OTP51Ae MOr neTaTb TOJlbKO OAlllH
CaMoneT 6VIKOAPOH lt1 COSCeM He OCTaBaflOCb 60M6.
Ho neT'-fltlK COKOJ108 c neTHa6oM recTnepoM , YT06bl MOPailbHO noMO'-fb HaWltlM 6oll1u,aM np111 nepenpa8e, BblfleTenll1
Ha 60M6apAVIPOBKY)) npOTlt1SHlt1Ka, 3arpy3lt1 8 S M8WII1HY 4 nyAa ... KaMHei7t. npoHOC51Cb H8A 8pa>KeCKlt1Mlt1 OKOnaMltl , recTnep WBblp51n 6ynbi>KHVIKVI Ha ronOSbl Henplt151TeJ1S1 lt1 AOCTlllr,
no ero cnosaM, HeMan oro ncll1xonorli1YecKoro sQ:>Q:>eKTa.

liyAhDKHHK- opy}I{He npoAeTapHaTa

Ha ta:>t<HOM yyacTKe 6enorsapAeVIu,aM yAanocb oTpa3111Tb
HanaAeHII1e, HO cesepHee nepeAOSble OTPHAbl 25-VI yanaesCKOVI A111SII13111111 cyMenll1 3aXSaTII1Tb He6onbWOVt nnaLJ,AapM Ha
socT04HOM 6epery. AanbHeVIweMy npoASII1:>t<eHII110 npenHTCTsosan MeTKII1Vt <f>naHrOSbiVt OrOHb KOn4aKOSCKOVt 6aTape111,
Aep:>t<asweVI noA np111u,enoM secb nnaLJ,AapM 111 yyacTOK peKII1,
no KOTopoMy nepenpasns:1n111cb KpacHoapMeVIU,bl.
PaHo YTPOM 8 11110HS'! Cons1114111>> 11-ro pa3SeAOTPHAa no
m14HOMY np111Ka3y KOMaHAapMa Cl>pyH3e c6p0c111n111 90 Kr
6oM6 Ha spa:>t<ecKII1e apT111nnep111VICKII1e n03111U,111111. 6aTapes:~
6blna pa36111Ta, 111 3TO no3son111no aKTII1SII13111posaTb nepe6pocKy SOVtCK Ha SOCT04Hb1Vt 6eper. 8 OTSeT KOn4aKOSCKII1e a3ponnaHbl3a6pocanll1 6oM6aMII1111 o6CTpens:~nll11113 nyneMeTos
YaCTII1 25-V! A111SII13111111, CKOnii1SWII1eCS'! S O:>K111AaHII1111 nepenpaBbl Ha 3anaAHOM 6epery. np111 3TOM 111M eASa He YAanocb
npii1KOH4111Tb 060111X COSeTCKII1X SOeHa4anbHII1KOS, '-lanaesa 111
c!>pyH3e, HenocpeACTSeHHO pyKOSOA111SWII1X onepau,111eVI.
Ho CYAb6a AO nopbl xpaHII1na KpacHoapMeVtCKII1X SO:>KAeVI.
'-lanaesa scKonb3b 3aAena nyns:~, sbmyw,eHHaH c Hbtanopa>>
111 4111PKHyswas:~ nereHMPHOro KOMAII1Sa no He6p111TOVI w,eKe.
c!>pyH3e :>t<e AOCTanocb cll1nbHee: as111a6oM6a ynana nps:~Mo
noA KOnbiTa ero noWaA111, pa3opsas ee s Kn04bs:!. Ho caM KOMaHAapM, Sbl6poweHHbiVt S3pbiSHOVt SOnHOVt 1113 CeAna, OTAenancs:! scero n111wb yw1116aM111 111 nerKOVI KOHTY3111eVI. Y:>t<e
4epe3 HeCKOnbKO MII1HYT OH np111wen S ce6s:1 111 SHOSb CTan OTAaSaTb np111Ka3aHII1S'!.
B Te4eHII1e AHH KOn4aKoSCKII1e asponnaHbl ew,e He pa3 no5lBnHn111Cb HaA peKOVI 111 c6pacb1san111 6oM6bl, 6e3ycnewHO
nbiTaHcb yH1114TO:>t<II1Tb HaSOA111MbiVt KpacHbiMII1 noHTOHHbiVI
MOCT. 0AHaKo 3TII1 HaneTbl 3aMeAnll1nll1 TeMnbl pa6oT, 111 nepenpasa pe3epSHOVt 31-V! A111SII13111111 Ha4anaCb TOnbKO H0%10.
Ha cneAy10w,111VI AeHb o:>t<eCT04eHHble 60111 3ass:13an111cb s
paVIoHe cena BoTHKeeso, rAe KOn4aKOSCKII1e 4aCTII1 nonbiTanii1Cb KOHTpaTaKoVI c6pocii1Tb yanaesu,es s peKy. 11 coseTCKII1X caMoneTos, nony4111S u,eneyKa3aHII1e c 3eMnll1,
c6poc111n111 Ha 6enorsapAeVIu,es OKano 200 Kr 6oM6, YTO s
HeManOVt CTeneH111 nOMOrnO Ha3eMHbiM SOVtCKaM 0Tpa3111Tb
KOHTPYAap 111 pacw111p111Tb nnaLJ,AapM. 0AHospeMeHHO APYrllle SK111na:>t<111 6oM6111n111 111 o6CTpen111san111 u,eHTpanbHble
KsapTanbl Y<f>bl, cTpeMHCb noces:!Tb naHII1KY cpeA111 :>t<II1TeneVI
Ill 3aW,II1THII1KOS ropOAa.
BeyepoM 9 11110HS'! nepeAOSble yacTII1 25-VI A111SII13111111 c cesepa scTYn111n111 s Y<f>y, a noApa3AeneHII1S'! 31-VI A111SII13111111 nepepe3anll1 :>t<ene3HYIO Aopory Y<t>a-3naToycT, eA111HCTSeHHYIO
TpaHcnopTHYIO SeTKy, CSS'!3blsaswyta y<f>111MCKYIO rpynn111pOSKY 6enorsapAeVIu,es c TblnOM. KomaKoscKOe KoMaHAosaHIIIe, nOHS'!S, 4TO 6111TSa npo111rpaHa, CTanO CneWHO OTSOA111Tb
BOVtCKa Ha SOCTOK.
Y<PII1MCKas:~ onepau,111s:1 3asepww1acb. 0Ha 6b1na OAH111M 1113
peAKII1X S lpa:>KAaHCKOVt SOVtHe npii1MepOS HenOcpeACTSeHHOro S3aii1MOAeVtCTSII1S'! asll1aU,II1111 C HaCTYnatOW,II1MII1 neXOTHbiMII1 4aCTS'!M111. CoseTCKII1e asll1aTOpb1 pa6oTanll1 s 3TII1 AHII1
Ha npeAene S03MO:>KHOCTeVt, COSepW111S 113 60eSbiX SblneTOS (scero c KOHU,a anpens:~- 318). Oco6eHHO OTn1114111nll1cb
3KII1na:>t<ll1 Tpex <<Cons1114eVI>> (neT4111KII1 Cas111H, IO:>t<aK 111 ToMawescK111VI), OTMe4eHHble s TenerpaMMe ct>pyH3e 111 npeACTasneHHble K opAeHaM <<KpacHoro 3HaMeHII1>>. 6enorsapAeVIu,es
>Ke onHTb noAsena Man04111CneHHOCTb as111ac111n. He1113secTHO, S 4bl0 CTOpOHy CKnOHII1nacb 6bl 4aWa secas, 111MeVI OHII1
nOA Y<f>oV! He 5, a XOTS'! 6bl 25 asponnaHOS ...

***
Ha KpaV!HeM lOre BOCT04HOro <f>pOHTa 6enOKa3a4bs:! apMII15l reHepana AYTosa s KOHu,e anpens:~ pa3sepHyna HacTYnneH111e Ha cesepo-3anaA 111 4epe3 HecKonbKO AHeVI nonHoCTbtO 6noK111posana ropoA YpanbcK. B3s:!Tb ero c XOAY Ka3aKIII He CMOrnll1, HO 111 KpacHas:! apM111S'!, CSS'!3aHHas:! ynopHbiMII1
605lMIII C KOn4aKOSU,aM111, 6blna He S COCTOS'!HII1111 np111VtTII1 Ha
noMOW.b rapH11130HY YpanbcKa. Hayanacb An111TenbHaH ocaAa
ropoAa. CSS'!3b C OKpy:>t<eHHbiM rapH11130HOM MOrna Ocyw,e-

CTBns:!TbCS'! TOnbKO no S03Ayxy. Ans:! 3TOrO KpaCHble Sb1Aenll1nll1 26-VI pa3SeAOTPHA, pa3Mew,eHHbiVI 6n1113 CTaHU,111111 AmaTa, 4TO s 240 Kll1noMeTpax K 3anaAy OT YpanbcKa. '-leTblpe caMoneTa 3TOrO OTPS'!Aa S Te4eHII1e 70 AHeVI, noKa An111nOCb
npoTII1SOCTOS'!HII1e, cosepwan111 peryns:~pHble noneTbl s oca:>t<AeHHbiVI ropOA.
neT4111KII1 CTenaHOS, ApTaMOHOS 111 na6peHU, S03111nll1 MeAII1KaMeHTbl, 6oenp111nacb1, HO caMbiM sa:>t<HbiM <<CTpaTer1114eCKII1M pecypCOM>>, S KOTOpOM 3aW,II1THII1K111 ropOAa 111Cnb1Tb1Sanll1 Haii160nbWYIO HY:>KAY, 6b1na ... MaxopKa. KoMaHAOSaHII1e
rapH11130Ha OTMeYano s AOHeceHII1HX, 4TO, ecn111 caMoneT
np111neTan 6e3 Kypesa, TO 3TO Sbl3biSanO S SOVtCKaX ponOT
HeAOSOnbCTSa. 0co6eHHO 3nll1n0 6oV!u,os, KOrAa SMeCTO
MeWKOS c Aparou,eHHOVI MaxopKoVI <<eponnaH>> np111s03111n
o4epeAHoro arii1TaTOpa-nponaraHAII1CTa 1113 u,eHTpa.
Ho HeCMOTps:! Ha 3TII1 TPYAHOCTII1, rapH11130H npOAOn:>t<an
CTOVtKO o6opOHS'!TbCS'!. CII1TYaU,111s:! OCnO:>KHII1nacb K cepeA111He
11110Hs:!, KOrAa Ha aspOApOMe 26-ro OTPs:!Aa 3aKOH4111nii1Cb nOcneAHII1e n111Tpbl <<Ka3aHKII1>>. BbiXOA 1113 nono:>t<eHII1S'! Hawen
npeACeMTenb MeCTHOVI '-IK CeMeH WTbl6. OH np111Ka3an
CS0111M COTPYAH111KaM np01113SeCTII1 nosanbHble 06biCKII1 S rOPOAe 111 OKpeCTHOCTS'!X, 1113b1Mas:! y HaceneHII1s:! n106y10 rOp104YIO :>K111AKOCTb. BcKOpe Ha aspOAPOM CTanll1 nOCTYnaTb 6111AOHbl C KepOCII1HOM, 6YTblnll1 CO Cn111pTOM 111 caMOrQHOM, anTe4Hble CKns:!HKII1 C 3<f>111pOM 111 Aa:>Ke - <f>naKOHbl OAeKOnOHa.
OnbiTHbiVt MeXaHII1K-MOTOp111CT B.nopaV! MHOrOKpaTHO CMeWII1San 3TII1 :>K111AK0CTII1 S pa3HbiX npOnOpU,111S'!X, nOKa He nony4111n He4TO TaKOe, Ha 4eM 3apa6oTan Henpii1XOTnii1SbiVI AS111raTenb <<Cl>apMaHa>>.
noneTbl s YpanbCK S0306HOS111nii1Cb. npasAa, p111CK ceCTb
Ha spa:>t<ecKoVI Tepp111TOp111111 6bln ew,e SbiWe, YeM np111 111Cnonb30saHII1111 Ka3aHcKOVI CMeCII1. Ka3aKII1 ta:>t<Horo Ypana
spa:>t<Ae6HO 0THOCII1nii1Cb K 6onbWeSII1KaM, 111 cny4111Cb KpacHbiM neT4111KaM nonaCTb K HII1M S pyKII1, 111M 6bl He n03A0pOSII1nOCb. Ho HeCMOTps:! Ha TO, 4TO SbiHy:>KAeHHble nOCaAK111
1113-3a HeKa4ecTseHHoro ropta4ero npo111cXOA111nll1 HeOAHOKpaTHO, scs:~K111VI pa3 asll1aTopbi ycnesan111 npo4111CTII1Tb Kap6tapaTOpbl 111 SHOSb nOAHS'!TbCS'! S S03AYX npe:>t<Ae, 4eM 111X
06Hapy:>t<111san111 Ka3a4bll1 pa3be3Abl. 0TCYTCTSII1e y Ka3aKOS
as111au,111111 111 3eHII1THoVI apT111nnep111111 TaK>Ke 111rpano Ha PYKY
3KII1na:>t<aM 26-ro OTPHAa.
11 11110ns:~ ocaAa YpanbcKa 6b1na CHS'!Ta. '-lanaescKaH A111SII13111S'! c 6oeM npopsanacb s ropoA 111 6e3 nepeAb1WKII1 ycTpeMII1nacb AanbWe Ha tar S HanpasneHII1111 n6111w,eHCKa.
KpoMe 26-ro, Ha IO:>t<HOM Ypane, noA OpeH6yproM, neTOM
1919 roAa AeVtCTSOSan 25-V! asll1a0Tps:!A S COCTase Tpex caMOneTOS - <<PyMnnepa>>, <<Hbtanopa>> 111 <<Consll14a>> (neT4111KII1: C.H111KII1TII1H, E.CTOMaH 111 B.MaTsees). 6 11110HS'! <<Consll14>>
H111KII1TII1Ha 6bln noA6111T orHeM c 3eMnll1 111 cosepw111n asap111VIHYIO nOCaAKY Ha oKpa111He ropOAa. A CToMaH s 11110ne nony4111n
opAeH <<KpacHoro 3HaMeHW> 3a ycneWHbiVt nOII1CK 111 ycTaHosneHII1e CSS'!3111 C 3a6nyAII1SWeVtCS'! S Ka3aXCKII1X CTens:!X 3-Vt Kasanep111VtCK0Vt 6p111raAOVI.
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VI s 3ToVI npaKT111YeeK111 6e3HaAe>KHOVI e111TYau,111111 rnasHoe
111H>t<.eHepHoe ynpasneH1!1e SApyr 3aTes:~no pecpopMy 88C.
no npoeKTy reHepana CTenaHosa 6b1no peweHo eoKpaT111Tb Y111eno as1!1aOTPs:!AOS (6onbW111HeTsa 1113 KOTOpbiX see
pasHO y>Ke He eyw,eeTSOsano) e ns:!THaAU,aT111 AO Tpex. 3TO
n03SOn111nO 6bl nonHOeTb10 YKOMnneKTOSaTb OeTaSW111ees:!
OTPs:!Abl seeM He06XOA111MbiM 111 Aa>Ke Sb1Aen111Tb 15-20 eaMO!leTOS S pe3eps.
Ho nnaHaM rVIH>KY He ey)f(,[leHo 6blnO e6b1Tbes:!. 8 HaYane AeKa6ps:! np111wno 1113SeeT111e, YTO nepeAOSble OTPs:!Abl
KpaeHOVl apM111111 Sb1Wn111 K >Kene3HOVl AOpOre HosOH111KOnaeSeK-6apHayn. rlYTb Ha 10r 6bln OTpe3aH, e 3anap,a HaeTYnan111 KpaeHble, a WeAWas:! K SOeTOKY TpaHee1116111peKas:! Mar111eTpanb e HaeTYnneH1!1eM 3111Mb! npespaT1!1naeb s "Aopory
eMepT111. Ha seex ee neperoHax eToHn111 3aMep3w111e 6e3
yrnH eoCTaSbl, 3a61!1Tble TpynaM111 6e>KeHU,eS 111 eOnAaT,
yMepW111X OT T111<tJa. KonYaKoseK111e neTY111K111 OKa3an111eb S
nosywKe.
14 AeKa6ps:! eoseTeK111e SOVleKa SeTYn111n111 S HOSOH111KOnaeseK. HeKOTOpble neTY111K111 pew111n111 6e>KaTb no C1116111peKoMY TpaKTy Ha eaHs:!X, p111eKys:! 3aMep3HYTb 111n111 nonaeTb SpyK111 6aHA111TaM. 6onbW111HeTSO >Ke- esbiWe 100 YenoseK SO
rnase e nonKOSH111KOM 60VlHO-POA3eS111YeM - eAanOeb S
nneH. TaK 3aKOHY111n111 esoe eyw,eeTSOSaH111e KOnYaKOSeK111e
SOeHHO-S03AYWHble e111nbl.
KpaeHble S 3TOT pa3 0THeen1!1eb K nneHHbiM AOSOnbHO ryMaHHO. HaCKOnbKO 1113SeeTHO, H111KOro He penpeee111p0san111,
XOTS1 HeKOTOpble, KaK, Hanp111Mep, neTY111K MypaTOS, nonaAan111 noA 1113seeTHbiVI np111Ka3 o Ae3epT1!1pax 111 nepe6e>KY111Kax. 6onee TOfO, MH0f111X 6b1SW111X KOnYaKOSeK111X as111aTOpOS
noene nposepK111 3aY111en111n111 s PKK8<P. HeKOTOpble 1113 H111X
ew.e yenen111 nosoesaTb Ha 3anaAHOM 111 IO>KHOM <t>POHTe ...
,[l,a>Ke 60VlHO-POA3eS111Y, AOKa3aSW111Vl, YTO OH SC10 KaMnaH11110 npoe111Aen S WTa6e 111 He eAenan H111 OAHOrO 6oes0r0

SblneTa, nonyY111n KaKy10-TO MenKy10 X03s:!VleTSeHHY10 AOn>KHOCTb np111 lJ,eHTpa!lbHOM MOCKOSCKOM as111aeK!laAe.

***
8 KOHU,e AeKa6ps:! S nocneAHeVl speMeHHOVl eTOn111U,e
KonYaKa - VlpKYTCKe scnbiXHyno 3eepo-6onbwes1!1ereKoe
SOCCTaH111e. 8epXOSHbiVl npas1!1Tenb>> 6bln 3axsaYeH S nneH
111 paeeTpens:!H. Ka3a!l0Cb, rpa)f(,[laHeKas:! SOVlHa Ha SOeTOKe
3aKOHY111nacb, HO HeT. no6eA111swas:~ KpacHas:~ apM111s:! eaMa
6blna HaeTOnbKO OCna6neHa AOnr111M HaeTYnneH1!1eM S ycnOS111s:!X ronOAa 111 6one3HeVI, YTO He MOrna yeTaHOS111Tb KOHTpOnb HaA sceV! Tepp111TOp111eV! C1116111p111.
3T111M SOCnOnb30Sa!lCs:! aTaMaH 3a6aV!KanbCKOrO Ka3aYbero SOVlCKa CeMeHOS, COXpaH111SW111Vl OTHOC111TenbHO 6oeCnOC06Hy10 apM11110. np111 nOAAep>KKe s:!nOHCK111X 111HTepseHTOS OH S3s:!n snaCTb S '-l111T111HCKOVl 06naeT111. 06pa30sanaCb
TaK Ha3blsaeMas:~ Y111T111HCKas:~ npo6Ka, nperpaA111swas:~ coseTCK111M SOVlCKaM nYTb S np111M0pbe. MHor111e yu,enesw111e
6enorsapAeVlU,bl np111MKHyn111 K CeMeHosy, eY1!1Tas:! ero HacneAH111KOM 111 npOAOn>KaTeneM KOnYaKOSeKOrO Aena.
Ew,e S OKTs:!6pe S '-t111TY 3SaKy111pOsanes:! n111YHbiVl eoCTas 111
TexH111Ka KypraHCKOVI neTHOV! wKonbl. K HaYany 1920 roAa
TaM >Ke OKa3an111Cb npo6pasw111ees:1 pa3HbiM111 nYTs:!M111 1113
VIPKYTeKa, KpacHos:~pcKa 111 HosoH111KonaeseKa neTY111K111 E<t>peMos, ACTa<t>bes, 6oyapos, CTapoAy6u,es, nasnos, Aranos, ryces, Cn10capeHKO, ,[1,111nb, 80W,111nno, KoMnaHeV!u,es
111 ps:!A APYr111x. KpoMe TOro, noA '-l111ToVI 6a31!1posancs:~ MaHY>KypCK111VI as1!1aOTps:!A, OCHaw,eHHbiVl CT10pTesaHaM111.
21 s:!Hsaps:~ 1920 roAa 1113 8naA111soeToKa HaKOHeu,-To np1116bln111 23 HOSbiX <t>paHU,Y3CK111X CaMoneTa CanbMeOH A2.
3To 6b1no nyYwee 1113 TOro, YeM paenonarana 6enas:~ as1!1aU,111s:! C1116111p111 3a SC10 rpa)f(,[laHeKy10 SOV!Hy, HO nOeTYn111n111
OH111 en111WKOM n03AHO. TeM He MeHee, OeTaTK111 KOnYaKOSeK111X 88C, nepeweAW111e s pacnops:~>KeH111e aTaMaHa CeMeHosa, seeHOVl 1920-ro SHOSb np111Hs:!n111 yyaeT111e S 60eSbiX
AeVIeTS111s:!X.
CeMeHOsCK111e as1!1aOTPHAbl so3rnas111n nonKOSH111K KaYyp111H, He nOnb30SaSW111VlCs:! OC06biM asTOP111TeTOM y neTY111KOS. A3ponnaHbl 6a3111P0Sa!l111Cb s '-l111Te, HepY111HeKe, 6op3s:!
111 Ha CTaHU,111111 ,[l,ayp111s:1, SblnOnHs:!s:! rnasHbiM o6pa30M ess:!3Hble 111 pa3seAbiSaTenbHble noneTbl.
HacTpoeH111e as111aTopos 6blno noAasneHHOe. 0H111 xopowo noMH111n111 TH>Kenble nopa>KeH111s:! npownoro roAa 111 Mano
KTO seepbe3 HaAes:!nCs:!, YTO KpaCHbiX YAaeTes:! OeTaHOS111Tb.
MHor111e yxOA111n111 1113 apM111111 noA pa3Hb1M111 npeAJ1oraM111.
8 anpene-Mae Tpoe n111nOTOS 1113 Y111ena HeAaSH111X Sb1nyeKH111KOS KypraHCKOVI as111awKonb1 nepeneTen111 K 6onbwes1!1KaM. (3a6asHbl nosopOTbl 111CTOP111111: s HaYane 1920-ro eoseTCK111e as111aYaCT111 Ha 80CTOKe npaKT111YeeK111 He nonyyan111
e 3aSOAOS HOSbiX MaW111H. VI een111 fOA Ha3aA eA111HCTSeHHbiM 111CTOYH111KOM nononHeH111s:! KOnYaKoseK111x 88C 6bln111
nepeneTY111K111 OT KpaCHbiX, TO Tenepb Ta >Ke e111TYaU,111s:! noST0p1!1naeb C 06paTHbiM 3HaKOM: 6biSW111e KOnYaKOSU,bl HaYan111 <<eHa6>KaTb CaMOneTaM111>> COSeTeKy10 as111aU,11110).
neTY111KaM, npOAOn>KaSW111M, HeCMOTps:! H111 Ha YTO, OTeTa111SaTb npasOTy 6enoro Aena, e MapTa 1920-ro npOT111soCTOHn111 111X >Ke 6biSW111e COpaTH111K111, nepeWeAW111e Ha eTOpoHy 60nbWeS111KOS. Ew,e S MOMeHT aHT111KOnYaKOSeKOrO
nepesopoTa s VIPKYTCKe 6onbW111HeTso as111aTopos 1113 pa3Mew,eHHbiX TaM 3-ro 111 14-ro C1116111peK111x OTPHAOS 3as:1s111no
o noAAep>KKe noscTaHu,es. 8cKope 3T111 OTPs:!Abl 6bln111 nepe111MeHosaHbl s 1-V! 111 2-V! OTPs:!Abl 8o3AYWHoro <PnoTa
8oeTOYHO-C1116111pCKoVI CoseTCKOVI ApM111111 (8CCA)*.
8 s:~Hsape 1920-ro as111au,111s:~ 8CCA nononH111naeb 28-M 111
29-M OTPHAaM111 PKK8<P, paHee sXOA111SW111M111 s eoems 5-V!
apM111111. 0AHaKO S TOM >Ke MeCs:!U,e, 1113-3a ena6oV! TeXH111Yee-

' TaK Ha3b!aam1 ce6H o6be/1,MHeHHble C/llflbl napTM3aH 111 noacT8HL.leB, 3axaaT/IIBW/IIe illpKyrcK M npMnera/0/.LIYIO reppMTOP/1110. no3/1,Hee,
COe/1,/IIH/IIBW/IICb C 5-M apM!IIeM

PC$CP,

OH/11 COCT8BMflM KOCTfiK HapO/],HO-peBOfl/OL.lMOHHOM apMMM ,[lanbHeBOCTO'iHOM pecny6n/IIK/II.

rpynna 6biBWMX KOn'IGKOBCKMX neT'IMKOB

M3 2-ro aaMaOTPRAa HapOAHo-PeaoniO"'MOHHOM apMMM ABP,
aaryCT 1920 r.

KOII1

OCHa~eHHOCTl-1 OTP~AOB

(scero 11 CaMOlleTOB), lt1X KOlllt1~eCTBO BHOBb COKpaTlt1lllt1 AO ABYX. TaKlt1M o6pa30M B o6o111X COBeTCKO-cll16111pCKII1X>> OTP~Aax OKa3alllt1Cb nepeMewaHbl HeAaBHlt1e spar111 - KpaCHble 111 6ellble lleT~II1Klt1, KOTOpble
TeM He MeHee 6biCTp0 lt1 6e3 np0611eM H8Wlllt1 06~111111 ~3biK.
K Ha~any MapTa 1920-ro s aslt1aU.lt1tO BCCA BXOA11111111 2
cppOHTOBbiX asll1aOTP~Aa WeCTII1CaMOlleTHOfO COCTaBa, TpeH111pOBO~Hblll1 OTP~A ( 10 neT~II1K08, ~lt1cno caMoneTOB Heii13BeCTHO ), B03AyxOnllaBaTellbHblll1 OTP~A C a3pOCTaTOM Ha6lltOAeH&t1~ lt1 as&t1anapK. Me>K)J.y TeM , caMoneTbl ocTaBanii1Cb see
Te :>Ke, a noToMy - 6blll111 Kpali!He 1113HOWeHbl. Xopowero ropta~ero no-npe:>KHeMy He xsaTano, Aa 111 Mopo3bl c1116111pCKII1e
Aasan111 ce6~ 3HaTb. CooTBeTCTBeHHO, noneTbl cosepwanlt1Cb
AOBOllbHO peAKO, HO a8apii1~MII1 3aKaHYII1Ball111Cb ~aCTO.
WeCTOfO anpell~ 1920 rOAa B HeAaBHO OT6111TOM y CeMeHOBU,eB BepxHeYA111HCKe (HbiHe - YnaH-YA3) 6blllO nposo3rnaweHo C03AaH111e TaK Ha3bl8aeMoli1 AanbHesocTO~Holl1
pecny611111KII1. Mbl He 6yAeM nOAP06HO OCTaHaBll111BaTbC~
Ha npeAnOCblllKaX pO)I(J:\eHII1~ 111 nOllii1TII1~eCKOM ycTpOLIICTBe
3Toro npocoseTCKoro 11111111, KaK TOrAa rosop111lllt1, 6y>epHoro)) rocyAapcTsa. >Kenat0~111e Moryr OTbiCKaTb see sTo s
cneu.111allbHOlll 11111TepaType. CKa>KeM TOllbKO, ~To AallbHesocTo~Ha~ HapoAHO-pesontOU.1110HHaSl apM111Sl (HPA) >aKTII1~eCKlt1 ~BllSlnacb YaCTbtO KpacHolll apMlt1lt1. To :>Ke OTHOCII1TC~ 111 K asll1aU.II1111.
Ha caMoneTax BCCA 3aKpacll111111 3Be3Abl 111 HaHecnll1 HOBble ono3HasaTellbHble 3HaKlt1 HPA s B111Ae KpacHO-CII1HII1X
poM6os. 8 Ha~ane lt1tOH~ BBC Hoso~sneHHoro rocyAapcTsa so3rnas11111 np1116btBWII1li1 1113 OMcKa wTa6 a8111aU.II1111 5-lll
KpacHolll apM111111 , nepelt1MeHosaHHblli1 s wTa6 KpacHoro
8o3AYWHoro ct>noTa C1116111p111 . HMO 3aMeTII1Tb, ~To K TOMY
MOMeHTY BeCb B03AYWHblli1 cpllOT COCTO~Jl 1113 C9MII1 B9TXII1X asponnaH08, Ha K8>K.Qblll1 1113 KOTOpbiX np111XOA111110Cb no
AeC~TKY wTa6HbiX pa6oTH111KOB. Ha~allbHII1KOM asll1aU.II1111
npL-1 rnasKoMe ABP r.X.3li1xe cTan soeHHbtli1neT~II1K ct:>.noTaneHKO. 3aTeM era CMeHl-111 soeHneT MapT111HCOH.
JleTOM, B CBSl3111 C nOAfOTOBKOli1 HaCTynneHII1~ Ha "i111TY,
asponnaHbl HPA nepe6poc11111111 1113 BepxHeyA111HCKa Ha 3a6ali1KallbCKII1e cTaHU.111111 Tapa6araTall1 111 6an~ry. Asll1aTopbl
Ha~a11111 cosepwaTb noneTbl Ha pa3BeAKy, 6oM6apA111POBKY
CeMeH08CKII1X n03111U.lt1111 111 pa36paCbl8aHII1e npOKllaMaU.Lt1li1.
KoMaHAOBaHII1e HapOAHO-pesolltOU.II10HHOli1 apMII1111, OTAasa~ np1110pii1T9T 111Aeli1HO-BOCnii1TaTellbHOli1 pa60Te cpeA111
J19T~II1KOB (KaK-HII1KaK nOJlOBII1Ha 1113 HII1X 6biBWII1e KOll~aKOBLJ.bl), He 386btBallO 111 0 MaTepll1allbHOM noo~peHII1111 .

3a Ka:>K.LJ.bllll c6poweHHblli1 nyA 6oM6 11111111 llii1CT080K nonaranacb HarpaAa s 400 py6nell1.
Ha11160J1bWII1li1 pe3oHaHc Bbi3Bana 6oM6apA111P08Ka nll1noTOM ct>.A. Kanii1THII1KOBbiM 111 neTHa6oM r. E. 6apYyKoM Ha
Cons111~e wTa6a aTaMaHa CeMeH08a 8 l.J111Te. 6oM6a,
B30psaswaSlc~ P~AOM co wTa6oM , npo1113sena, no cno8aM
asTopos KHII1r111 <<KpbtnbSl 3a6ali1Kanb~ , HeManbtlll nepenonox s cTaHe spara. HanyraHHbtll1 aTaMaH ~K06bt Aa>Ke cMeHL-111 pe3111AeHU.Lt1tO, cpo~Ho nepe6pa8WII1Cb 8 3AaHII1e ropHoro ynpasneHII1~ Ha APYfOM KOHU.e ropoAa .
XoT~ neTHee HaCTYnneHII1e KpaCHbiX Ha l.Jlt1TY ceMeHosu.aM yAanocb oT6111Tb, noBOAOB All~ secenb~ y HII1X 6blno He
MHoro. ~nOHU.bl, 3aKlltO~II1B MLt1pHblli1 AOrosop c ABP, HaYallL-1 BbiBOA soli1cK 1113 l.JII1TII1HCKOII1 o6nacT111 . Bee nOHII1Malllt1 ,
~TO 3TO 03Ha~aeT 6111113KII1111 KOHeU. CeMeHOBCKOrO pe>KLI1Ma.
A&t1CU.II1nllii1Ha s ~acT~x ynana, y~aCTII111Lt1Cb cnyYall1 Ae3epTII1pCTBa. B cepeA111He 111tans:1 nepeneTellll1 K KpaCHbiM Ha
CBOLt1X CanbMCOHax ew.e Tpoe n111noTo8 : nopy~II1K KpyYII1HCKII1111, npanopUJ.II1KII1 Aranos 111 AeAtanii1H. OcTanbHble 6blnl.-1
o3a6o~eHbl rnaBHbiM o6pa30M A06bl8aHII1eM AeHer 111 3arpaHnacnopToB All~ nocneAytaw.ell1 8M111rpau.111111 .
K CeHT~6pta B Tpex CeMeHOBCKII1X aBII1aOTP~AaX OCTa8anocb 13 6oecnoco6HbiX MaWII1H. C HacTYnneHII1eM oceHl-1 lt1
yxyAweHII1eM norOAbl noneTbl cpaKTLt1YeCKII1 npeKpaT111llii1Cb.
11Lt1~Hblll1 cocTaB ssaKy111posanc~ s MaH~>KYPII1tO. CaMoneTbl
YAallOCb Bb1Be3TII1 11111Wb ~aCTII1~Ho: YeTbtpe CanbMCOHa
6blllll1 3axsa~eHbl KpaCHbiMII1 Ha CTaHU.111111 60p3~ . no3AHee
1113 HII1X c>opMLI1posanll1 3-111 as111aU.1110HHblll1 OTP~A HPA.
31 OKT~6p~ ~aCTII1 HapOAHO-pe80ntOU.Lt10HHOli1 apMII1111 80WJ1111 B l.JII1TY. 3a HeCKOnbKO ~aC08 AO 3TOrO nocneAHLt1li1 6ellOrsapAeli1CKII1111 asponllaH nOAH~JlC~ B B03AYX C ropOACKOro aspOAPOMa. Ha HeM yneTen s K111Tali1 aTaMaH CeMeH08.
3a 1920 roA KpacHbte neT~II1KII1 CLt16111pLt1 cosepw111n111 254
6oeBbiX BbllleTa o6w.ell1 npOAOn>K111TellbHOCTbt0 240 YaCOB .
CTaTLt1CTII1KII1 no Lt1X npOTII1BHLt1KaM He coxpaHII1llOCb.
8 1921-22 fOAaX nii1Jl0Tbl AallbHeBOCTO~HII1KII1 yYaCT80Ballll1 s 6o~x c 3eMCKoli1 paTbtO - soopy>KeHHbiM111 opM111posaHII1SlMII1 Bn(lAII1BOCTOKCKOrO 6yp>Kya3HO-AeMOKpaTLt1~eCKOfO npaBII1TellbCTBa. Ha 15 111tOHSl 1921-ro B COCTaBe
asLt1aU,111111 ABP HaC~II1Tbtsanocb 8 6oecnoco6HbiX caMoneTos: 4 Cons111~a, 2 CanbMCOHa, Cl>apMaH-30>> lt1 LWF.
4 L-13 H&t1X (2 COnBII1~a, c:DapMaH 111 CallbMCOH ) BCKOpe
npii1H~J1Lt1 y~aCTII19 B nOXOAe npOTII1B 06b~BII1BWero ce6~
npasii1TeneM MoHrOllL-1111 111 nOTOMKOM l.J111Hrii13-XaHa nonycyMacweAwero 6apoHa YHrepHa. l.JeTsepo y~acTsosas
WII1X s 3KcneA111U.111111 neT~II1KOB 111 Tpoe neTHa6os 3a ycnewHble pa3B9AKII1 111 WTYPMOBKII1 MOHrOllbCKoll1 Ka8anepll1111 nony~ll111111 opAeHa KpacHoro 3HaMeH111 .
K Ha~any 1922-ro 1113-3a nonoMoK 111 >1113Lt1~ecKoro 1113HOca ~111C/10 111CnpaBHbiX asponllaHOB COKpaTII1nOCb AO ~eTbl
pex. Ew.e 7 MaWII1H HaXOA111110Cb B peMOHTe. npii1MepHO TaKa~ :>Ke nponOpU.L-1~ COXpaH~JlaCb AO OKOH~aHII1~ BOeHHbiX
Aeii1CTBII1111. 0AHII1 CaMOlleTbl OTnpasn~llii1Cb Ha cppOHT, APYfll19 - B nO~II1HKy.
OceHbtO HapOAHO-pesontaU.Lt10HHa~ apMII1~ npeAnplt1H~
na pewataw.ee HaCTYnneHII1e Ha Bll8AII1BOCTOK - nocneAHII1li1 onnoT 6enbiX c11111 Ha Tepp111TOPII1111 Pocc111111 . Ae111cT8111~
Ha3eMHbiX soll1cK noAAep:>KII1Bana asll1aU.II1Sl ABP, ~btO 4111CneHHOCTb c npesenii1KII1M TPYAOM YAallOCb AOBeCTII1 AO we CTII1 6oecnoco6HbiX Mawii1H . EcTb AaHHble, ~To 3eMcKa~
paTb TaiOKe o6naAana Aec~TKOM asponnaHOB ( npe.anono:>KII1TellbHO - COnBII1~aMII1, no11y~eHHbiMII1 OT ~nOHU.e8) ,
KOTOpble 111CnOllb30BallLt1Cb Ail~ nOLt1CKa napTII13aHCK111X 6a3
B npii1MOpCKOli1 Tall1re, a TaiOKe - nb1Ta11Lt1Cb 60M6080WTYPMOBbiM111 YAapaMII1 CAep:>KaTb HaTII1CK npoTII1BHII1Ka 80
speM~ 6oes noA CnaccKOM .
rpa)K.lJ.aHCKa~ BOli1Ha Ha BOCTOKe POCCL-1111 3aKOHYII1naCb
B3~TII1eM 8118AII1BOCToKa ~acT~MII1 HPA L.-1 napTII13aHaMII1
22 OKT~6p~ 1922 roAa. As111au.111~ ABP BHOBb sowna s coeTas KpacHoro B03AYWHoro noTa .

aHH111M yrpOM 11 H05=16p5=1 1918 fOAa B necy y ropOAKa

6y,aeT COMHeHvrR vrnvr no yKa3aHvrJO COI03HIIIKOB. YnOMII1-

KoMnbeHb Ha cesepe cDpaHLJ,II1111 s wTa6HOM saroHe

Mapwana <:Dowa 6blfl noAnii1CaH aKT o Kanii1TYil5'1U,II1111
repMaH111111. nepsa5'1 Mll1pOBa5'1 BO~Ha 3aKOH'lii1IlaCb. V13B8CTII1e

HaH111e o COI03H111Kax C111MnToMaT111'lHo: Kpasu,es111'l noH111Man, KTO peaflbHbl~ X035'1111H B 0A8CCe.

C nepBbiX AHe~ 1919-ro A8HII1KII1HCK111e asll1aTopbl, np111-

06 3TOM MfHOB8HHO AOCTII1ffl0 OXBa'leHHO~ rpa)f(,IJ,aHCKO~

so~Ho~ Pocc111111. Y>Ke 13 H05=16p5=1 coseTcKoe npaBII1T8IlbCTBO

6biBWII1e B 0A8CCy 1113 HOBOpOCCII1~CKa, npii1CTYnii1Illl1 K cj>opM111pOBaH11110 3-ro aBII1aA111BII131110Ha ,lJ,o6pOBOJlb'l8CKO~ ap-

06b5'1BII1Jl0 0 paCTOp>K8HII1111 6peCTCKOrO M111pHOfO AOfOBOpa.

,ll,anee C06b1Tit15'1 pa3BII1Ba!lii1Cb CTp8MII1T8IlbHO. ,lJ,eMOpa!l11130BaHHb18 111 OXBa'leHHb18 p8BOiliOU,1110HHbiM 6pO>K8H1118M

MII1111. ,ll,111BII131110H nOA KOMaHAOBaH1118M Kanii1TaHa rapTMaHa

COCT05'1Il1113 Tpex OTP5'1AOB, 7 -ro, 8-ro 111 9-ro. no AaHHbiM Ha

Tepp111TOp111111 6biBW8~ POCCII1~CKO~ 111Mnep111111. 6yKBaJlbHO 'l8-

25 5'1HBap5=1 B 7-M 0Tp5=1A8 (KOMaHA111p nopy'l111K neraT)

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asillaU,illS'I YHP He npeACTasns:~na Hill Maneliiwelii yrpo3bl.

LI,illill seHrpos ill KpacHolii apMillill. XOTS'I nO'lTill secb MapwpYT

* K. K.Ap4eynoa ( 1891-1980) npo>K/IIn /IIHTepecHy/0 ,D,onryJO >K/113Hb: neran a nonRpHbtX w/llpoTax, co3,J,aaan 111 /IICnbtTbtaan nnaHepbt, n/11can KapTIIIHbl. Era IIIMR 6btno w111poKo /113aecTHo a CCCP, HO oH nocTORHHO '!YBCTBoaan Ha,D, ronoaofl ,D,aMoKnoB Me'! pa3o6na'!eH/IIR caoefl Cny>K6bt y 6enbtX. ,i4a>Ke 8 OTHOCIIITenbHO CnOKOMHbte 6pe>KHeBCK/IIe IO,[J,bl CTapbtM neT'!/IIK xpaH/IIfl 3TY TaiirHy OT BCeX, B TOM '!/IICne /II OT
6n/113K/IIX ,D,py3ei1. B 6ece,D,e c O,D,H/IIM /113 aaTOpoa ,D,aHHofl KH/111/11 /113BeCTHbti1 coaeTCK/IIM neT'!/IIK-/IICnbtTaTenb u n111repaTOp MapK /annafl,
MHom neT 3Haawllli1 Ap4eynoaa 111 ,D,a>Ke Han/llcaaumfl 6pow10py o em >K/113HIII, ,D,onm OTKa3btaancR aep/IITb, '!TO TOT cny>KIIIn y AeH/IIKIIIHa.
Y6e,D,Mnlll em TOflbKO Bbtn/IICK/11 /113 apxiiiBHbtX ,D,OKyMeHTOB ,D,eH/IIK/IIHCKofl apMIII/11. no cnoaaM /annaR, Ap4eynoa acer,D,a yraep>K,JJ,an, '!TO
aeCb 1919 m,D, OH npoaen B KpbtMy, yXa>KIIIBaR 3a 6onbHbiM OTI.jOM ...

DlasHa5'1 npo6neMa 3aKntO'-mnaeb s OTe)!TeTBIIIIII roptO'lero. 6eH3111Ha npaKTIII'leeKIII He 6blnO Hill B Poee111111, Hill Ha YKpai!IHe. 06bl'lHble cppOHTOBble nlllnOTbl neTanlll Ha Ka3aHKe, TO Ill Aeno np1113eMn5'15'1eb An5'1 npO'lllleTKI!I Kap6tOpaTOpOB. Ho 3Aeeb 3TOT saplllaHT He rOAIIIne5'1. 8eAb n106a5=1 BbiHy>KAeHHa5'1 noeaAKa y neTntOposu,es rpo3111na 6onbWIIIMIII
Henp1115=1THOeT5'1MIII.
HeeMOTp5=1 Ha see eso111 nonHOM0'-11115'1 111 MaHAaTbl, CTpoes
Tplll AH5=1 MeTane5'1 no MoeKBe B nOIIIeKaX XOT5'1 6bl HeeKOnbKIIIX
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BMeeTO XOpOWero 6eH3111Ha KyWaTb>> BOHIO'lllliii 6eH30n.
TeM speMeHeM s 8111HH111u,e nonHbiM XOAOM wno cpopMIIIposaHIIIe ABIIIaOTp5=1Aa Me)f(AyHapOAHOiii eB5'13111 (BeTpe'laeTe5'1
TaK)f(e Ha3saHIIIe 0Tp5=1A oeo6oro Ha3Ha'leH1115'1 ). CoeTas oTP5'1Aa 6bln AOBOnbHO neeTpbiM: A.CaxHo 111 8.XoAOPOBIII'l 1113
K111eseKoiii neTHoiii wKonbl, P.n111iiip 1113 21-ro oTp5=1Aa, 111.6apb1WHIIIKOB 1113 MoeKOBeKOiii neTHOiii WKOnbl, a TaK)f(e- 8.KOpOnbKOB Ill ~.AHAepe 1113 APYriiiX OTP5=1AOB 803AYWHOro cpnoTa YKpaiiiHbl.
8.A.XOAOPOBIII'l 6bln epeAIII HIIIX eAIIIHeTseHHbiM, KTO o6naA3n OnbiTOM AanbHIIIX nepeneTOB Ill XOT5'1 6bl npiiiMepHO 3Han
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HO 'lepe3 n5'1Tb 'laeOB OH Ha noeneAHIIIX niiiTpax 6eH3111Ha 6naronony'lHO np1113eMnlllne5'1 y eena nancpansa noA 6yAanewTOM. OnaeHbliii nepeneT yenewHo 3asepwlllne5'1. (TaKIIIM o6pa30M, 12 anpen5'1 BnOnHe MO)f(HO e'liiiTaTb He TOnbKO ,lJ,HeM
KOeMOHaBTIIIKIII, HO, B KaKOiii-TO Mepe, Ill AHeM aslllaU,IIIIII).
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AeHb neT'liiiKIII n111iiip Ill 6apb1WHIIIKOB, neTeBWIIIe B 6yAaneWT
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noe3A111n111 s 6yxapeeTeKytO TtOpbMY :>KIIInasa. n111wb noene
3TOrQ eny'la5'1 B 0Tp5=1Ae Ha'lanllleb TpeHIIIpOBKIII no a3pOHaBIIIraU,IIIIII, B XOAe KOTOpbiX ew,e OAIIIH nlllnOT (npeAnOnO)f(IIITenbHO- KoponbKOB) 3a6nyAIIIne5'1 111 np111 BbiHy>KAeHHOiii noeaAKe pa36111n MaWIIIHy.
'-lepe3 HeAentO OTP5=1A nepe6a3111pOBane5'1 B TOnbKO 'lTO OT6111Tbliii y neTntOposu,es npoeKypos (HbiHe- ropoA XMenbHIIIU,KIIIiii), KOTOpbliii Ill AOn)f(eH 6bln eTaTb OeHOBHbiM Me)f(AyHapOAHbiM a3pOnOpTOM>> eoseTeKOiii YKpaiiiHbl. 3Aeeb TpeHIIIPOBKIII npOAOn)f(lllnllleb, HO 33AaHIIIiii Ha HOBble nepeneTbl
nOKa He noerynano. Me)f(AyTeM, B KOHU,e Ma5'1 MoeKBa e TplllyMcpOM seTpe'lana nplllneTeswero 1113 <<KpaeHoro 6yAanewTa HapKoMa soeHHbiX Aen 8eHrp111111 T1116opa CaMy3nlll. Ero
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'lepe3 7 'laeos np1113eMnlllne5'1 y eena PeKHIIIu,a Ha YKpaiiiHe.

3aTeM, eosepWIIIB ew,e OAHY npoMe)f()ITO'lHYIO noeaAKY B

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KOMMYHIIIeT p111Ap111X nnaTTeH. 0H oeTaBIIIn HaM IIIHTepeeHble BOenOMIIIHaHIII5'1 06 3TOM noneTe, ony6niiiKOBaHHble B
)f(ypHane 8eeTHIIIK 803AYWHoro noTa N21 3a 1921 roA.
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non'laea noTep5=1n ero 1113 BIIIAY KorAa Ha nyTIII seTana rp5=1Aa o6naKOB, seHrp pew111n npoiiiTIII noA Heiii, 'lT06bl neTeTb
no Ha3eMHbiM OpllleHTIIIpaM, a AHAepe 3a'leM-TO eTan Ha6111paTb BbleoTy. noene 'leTblpex 'laeos noneTa HaA ennowHbiM o6na'lHbiM nOKpOBOM OH BHOBb eH1113111ne5'1, HO OnpeAeniiiTb esoe MeeToHaxo)f(AeHIIIe TaK 111 He eMor. CTpenKa
6eH3111HOMepa np1116n111)f(anaeb K HyntO, 111 neT'liiiK pew111n
np1113eMniiiTbe5'1 y 6nlll)f(aiiiwero ropOAKa, 'lT06bl paeenpoeiiiTb MeeTHbiX )f(IIITeneiii. nonbiTKa 3arOBOp111Tb e HIIIMIII
nOATBepAIIIna eaMble XYAWIIIe onaeeH1115'1- ropO)f(aHe 06b5'1eH5'1nllleb TOnbKO no-pyMbiHeKIII. Koe-KaK Bbl5'1eHIIInlll, 'lTO
a3ponnaH e111nbHO OTKnOHIIIne5'1 OT Kypea 111 AO 6yAanewTa
ew,e OKOnO 180 KlllnOMeTpOB. A 6eH3111Ha B 6aKaX OeTaBanOeb OT elllnbl Ha 20 MIIIH)IT.
noKa nnarreH 111 AHAepe o6ey>KAanlll, rAe AOeTaTb roptO'lee, np111wen Bbi3BaHHbliii 6AIIITenbHbiMIII rOpO)f(aHaMIII Hap5=1A
)f(aHAapMOB. 111 seKope TtOpbMa >K111nasa nononHIIInaeb
ew,e ABYM5=1 apeeTaHTaMIII* ... A TeM speMeHeM ,ll,o6ow 111 CaMy3nlll 6e3 oeo6biX npo6neM AOeTIIIrnlll 6yAanewTa.
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Bbi3Bano snonHe nOH5'1THytO peaKu,llltO pyKOBOAeTsa. Pa3yMeeTe5'1, nepBOiii B03H111Kna Mblenb 0 npeAaTenbeTse. 8 0TP5=1A Me)f(AyHapOAHOiii es5'13111 HanpaBIIInaeb 111HeneKU,1115'1 BO
rnase e KOMIIIeeapoM YnpasneHIII5'1 PKK8cDY H.KonoeoBbiM.
no IIITOraM nposepKIII Konoeos eoeTaBIIIn panopT, en111eas
se10 BIIIHY 3a nposanbl Ha 6enorsapAeiiieKoe npownoe
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epeAIII yKpaiiiHeKIIIX aBIIIaTOpOB 6blnO eABa n111 He 6onbWIIIHeTBO. HIIIKaKIIIX cpaKTOB speAIIITenbeTsa, AIIIBepellliii 111n111 xoT5=1 6bl aHTIIIeoseTeKIIIX pa3rosopos Konoeos He npiiiBOAIIIT. CKOpee seero IIIX Ill He 6blnO, a HeyAa'-1111 06b5'1eH5'1nllleb
pOKOBbiM eTe'leHIIIeM o6eT05'1TenbeTB, OTe)!TeTBIIIeM MeTeoeny)f(6bl 111 ena6oiii noArOTOBKOiii n111nOTOB. PanopT Konoeosa He eOAep)f(IIIT KaKIIIX-n11160 OprBbiBOAOB>> no KOHKpeTHbiM ntOA5'1M, HO eyAb6a nOApa3AeneH1115'1 B u,enOM 6blna peWeHa. 8 Ha'lane 11110n5=1 OTP5=1A, B KOTOpOM oeTanoeb seero
ABOe neT'liiiKOB, paecpopM111posan111. A seKope npeKpaTII1na
esoe HeAonroe eyw,eeTBOBaHIIIe 111 8eHrepeKa5'1 eoseTeKa5'1
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8 eoseTeKOiii 111eTOp1110rpacp111111, HaXOAIIIBWeiiie5'1 nOA elllnbHbiM nponaraHAIIIeTeKIIIM Bn1115'1HIIIeM, AaBHO yeT05'1nOeb MHeHIIIe 06 0Tp5=1Ae Oeo6oro Ha3Ha'leHIII5'1 KaK 0 BbleOK03cpcpeKTIIIBHOM nOApa3AeneHIIIIII, yeneWHO BblnOnHIIIBWeM Bee noeTasneHHble nepeA HIIIM 33Aa'llll. 0AHaKO AOKyMeHTbl eBIIIAeTenbeTBYIOT 06 06paTHOM ...
8 3asepweHIIIe paeeKa3a 0 6eeenaBHOM cpiiiHane BeHrepeKOrO 0Tp5=1Aa Heo6XOAIIIMO ynOM5'1H)!Tb, 'lTO repoiii
nepsoro eoBeTeKOrO Me)f(AyHapOAHOrO nepeneTa XOAOp08111'-l B asryeTe 191 9-ro 6e)f(an K ,ll,eHIIIKIIIHy. OH sMeeTe e
)f(eHOiii yneTen 1113 K111esa K 6enbiM Ha TOM eaMOM 3HaMeHIIITOM 3nbcpayre>>, n06biBaBWeM Tplll Mee5'1u,a Ha33A B 6yAanewTe. '-ITO nOATOnKHyno nlllnOTa Ha 3TOT war Ill KaK enO)f(lll-

* B caoeill crarbe nponerapcK/IIill IIIHTepHa4/IIOHanMCT>> nnarreH 6onbwe acero ao3Myll.{ancR

Mepy c "4blraHaM/II 111 npo'!/IIM >KynbeM.

reM, '!TO pyMbtHbt noca,D,/IIn/11 era a o,D,Hy Ka-

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111 6apb1WHIIIKOB s Ha'lane 1 920 roAa, nocne 3aK!liO'leHIII5'1 c
PyMbiHIIIeiii COrnaweH1115'1 06 06MeHe BOeHHOnneHHbiMIII,
BepHyniiiCb B PCcDCP. AHAepc, CYAS'I no BOCnOMIIIHaHIIIS'IM
nnaTTeHa, OTKa3anC5'1 B03Bpaw,aTbCS'I B POCCIIIIO Ill ero
AanbHeiiiWIIIe cneAbl Teps:t10TC5=1.

***
MrHoBeHHblili pa3san lepMaHCKOiii 111Mnep111111 B HOs:t6pe
1 918-ro cepbe3HO YAapllln He TOnbKO no reTMaHCKOMy pe>KIIIMyYKpaiiiHbl, HO Ill no ,lJ,OHCKOiii Ka3a'lbeiii pecny6n111Ke, TaK>Ke Aep>Kasweiii npoHeMeu,KyiO op111eHTau,11110 (eM. rnasy 3).
nocTaBKIII BOOpY>KeHIIIi/11113 lepMaHIIIIII npeKpaTIIIniiiCb, a CTpaHbl AHTaHTbl He cnew111n111 OKa3biBaTb nOMOW,b CaTenniiiTy HeAaBHero npOTIIIBHIIIKa. KpoMe Toro, XflbiHYBWIIIe Ha YKpaiiiHY
coseTCKIIIe AIIIBIII3111111 Ha'lanlll scepbe3 yrpo>KaTb ,ll,oHy c paHee
cnoKoiliHoro 3anaAHOro HanpasneHIIIs:t. np111wnocb YAfliiiHs:tTb
cj>pOHT nO'lTIII Ha 500 KlllnOMeTpOB, Ill 3TO B MGMeHT, KOrAa
,lJ,OHCKa5'1 apMIIIS'I IIICTeKana KpOBbiO B 605'1X nOA Ll,apiiiLJ,biHOM.
1113 cesepHOiii Tasp111111 Harps:tHynlll 6aHAbl MaXHOBUeB.
111 B A06aBOK KO BCeMy np111wen Tll1cj> ... 0AH0BpeMeHHO C HIIIM
Ha ,ll,OH CTaJllll npOHIIIKaTb KpaCHble ariiiTaTOpbl, pa3pyWaBWIIIe apMIIIIO He XY>Ke CMepTenbHOiii 6one3HI~.
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Ha peAKOCTb cypOBOCi. B ABaAU,aTIIIrpaAyCHble MOp03bl Ka3aHKa>> npespaw,anacb s Klllcenb, Aa 111 Ha cn111pTy MOTOpbl
pa60TaTb OTKa3biBaJl111Cb. neTaTb 6blnO He Ha 'leM, Ill 6onbWIIIHCTBO KpaCHbiX KOMaHAIIIPOB npeAnO'liiiTaJllll OTnpaBIIITb C
rna3 Aonoiii CTaBwllle 6ecnone3HbiMIII 3Ta>KepK111>>, TaK HanpiiiMep, OTPS'!Abl, npiiiAaHHble 9-Ci apMIIIIII, 3111MOBaJlll1>> 5onee 'leM B 600 KlllnOMeTpax OT cj>pOHTa.

B Ha'lane BeCHbl 06CTaHOBKa B Tblny COBeTCKIIIX BOiiiCK

pe3KO 1113MeHIIInacb. Ha TOnbKO 'lTO 3aHs:tTOM KpacHoili apMIIIeiii sepxHeM ,lJ,OHy KOMIIICCapbl BO rnase C T pOLI,KIIIM Ill CaepAnOBbiM Ha'la!llll npOBOAIIITb nOniiiTIIIKY paCKa3a'liiiBaHIII5'1>>, 'laCTO HanOMIIIHaBWyiO OTKpOBeHHbliii reHOU,IIIA. Cyrb ee HarflS'IAHO Ccj>OpMynlllpOBaJl CaM TpOUKIIIili B OAHOM 1113 CBOIIIX
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c6poweHbt a '-lepHoe Mope!
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nOHS'Inlll, KaKyiO CTpaWHyiO OW1116Ky OHIII COBepWIIInlll, nosepillS 60nbWeBIIICTCKIIIM ariiiTaTOpaM Ill OTKpbiB cj>pOHT. He
>Kenas:t ynOA06ns:tTbCS'I eBaHrenbCKIIIM CBIIIHbS'IM>>, OHIII nOAHS'Inlll BOCCTaHIIIe.
10 MapTa BOCCTaJlO HaCeneHIIIe ns:tTIII Ka3a'lb111X ceneHIIIiii.
L.l,eHTpOM ABIII>KeHIIIS'I CTaJla KpynHas:t CTaHIIIUa BeweHCKa5'1.
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***
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8 WTa6e apMillill ero nOAH>tnill Ha CMeX, 06Si11Hi11S S naHiiiKepCTSe ill n>Kill. 0CKOp6neHHbit/1 60rAaHOSCKillt/1, S3>1S HeCKOnbKO 60ti1l.\OS, neWKOM OmpasillnC>t S yKa3aHHbit/1 pat/10H, 4T06bt S004illl0 AOKa3aTb CSOIO npaSOT)'. ,lJ,OKa3aTenbCTSO nony4illnOCb secOMbtM: sc>t rpynna norill6na, HapsasWiiiCb Ha asaHrapA AeHiiiKiiiHCKiiiX Ai11Sill3illt/1.
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B3Hnll1 XapbKOB. 6enoe ABII1>KeHII1e scrynano B nopy Ha111BbiCwero nOAbeMa.

***
KpaCHble asll1aTOPbl Ha IO>KHOM poHTe, HMO OTAaTb 111M
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16 '-laC. 15 MVIH. >>
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83POAPOM y CT8HII1LJ.bl ~ epsne HHa~ .
KpoMe aHrflll14aH, s paC1oHe Uapll1~b1Ha Ae~cTsosan 1 -~
Ky6aHCKII1~ Ka3a4111171 as111aoTP~A A9HII1KII1HCKOI71 apMII1lll , nepe6poweHHbl~ TYAa nocne ycneWHbiX 6oes noA 8enii1KO-

* 5pMTaHCKMiii aBMatJ.MBM3MOH (Squadron) no wrary eoeHHoro apeMeHM HaCL~M TbiBan 18 caMoneToe M no1J.p831J.enRncR Ha TPM OTPRIJ.a MnM
6 oeBbiX 3BeHa ( Flights), o6o3Ha'-laeMbiX nepebiMM 6 yKBa MM naTMHCKoro anc:/JaBMTa - A, B M C.

KHS:DKecKoL;i. BbiXO,D,II1BWII1L;i B HosoYepKaccKe :>~<ypHan ,lJ,OHCKas:J BOnHa 1113Bell.lan B Te ,[],Hill CBOIIIX 4111TaTeneL;i, 4TO

neT-

4111Kil1 3TOIO OTps:l,D,a peryns:lpHO 60M6111nll1 np111CTaHII1 111

60nbweBII1CTCKII1e KBapTanbl>> LJ,ap111l.\b1Ha. TaKIIIM o6pa30M, 6enble neT4111Kil1 TO:>Ke He CTeCHs:lnii1Cb c6paCbiBaTb
6oM6bl Ha ,D,OMa M111pHbiX :>KIIITeneL;i 111 ,D,a:>Ke- coo61.1.1aTb o6
3TOM B npecce. lpa:>K,D,aHcKas:J soL;iHa wna c HapacTaiOIJ..IIIIM
060IO,D,HbiM O:>KeCT04eHII1eM.

***
C KOHL(a Mas:l npOTII1BOB03,D,YWHYIO 060pOHy LJ,ap111L(b1Ha
ocyiJ..IeCTBns:Jn 7-L;i 111CTpe6111TenbHbiL;i OTps:l,D, PKKB<D, cocTOs:lBWIIIL;i 1113 Tpex HbtOnopos-23>> 111 ,D,Byx HbtOnopos-24>>. XoTs:l B 3TO BpeMs:l ,D,eHII1Kii1HCKII1e CaMOneTbl Y:>Ke Ha4anll1 nOs:lBns:lTbCs:l Ha,D, IOpO,D,OM, Hill O,D,HOIO ycneWHOIO nepexBaTa Ha
C4ery neT4111KOB 7-10 IIICTpOTps:l,D,a He 3Ha4111nOCb. K 1 0 11110Hs:l
B CTpGIO OCTanOCb Tpi11 HbiOnopa>> (,D,Be MaWIIIhbl CTOnKHynii1Cb np111 pyne:>~<Ke). Ha cne,D,YIOIJ..IIIIL;i ,D,eHb OTps:l,D, nony4111n
np111Ka3 nepe6a3111posaTbCs:l B KaMbiWIIIH. Aspo,D,pOM B KaMbiWIIIHe nO,D,biCKanlll Hey,D,a4HbiL;i: ,D,Ba 111CTpe6!11Tens:l CKanOTi11pOBanll1 np111 noca,D,Ke, 3apb1BWII1Cb KonecaMIII B necoK. nlllnoTbl OT,D,enanii1Cb yw1116aM111, O,D,HaKo caMoneTbl np111wnocb
OTnpaBIIITb B peMOHT.
0Tps:l,D, Ha HeKOTopoe speMs:J YTPaTIIIn 6oecnoco6HOCTb,
HO BCKOpe, B3aMeH pa36111TbiX, npi116blnll1 HOBble MaWIIIHbl:
,D,Ba HbtOnopa-23>>, HbiOnop-17>> 111 MopaH-napaconb-21 ,,

29-10, B CBs:l3111 C yrp030L;i 3axBaTa npOTII1BHII1KOM, 4-L;i

IIICTpOTps:l,D, nony4111n np,1Ka3 Cp04HO 3BaKy111pOBaTbCs:l B

ceno

6e3pO,D,Hoe, a 3aTeM B nocenoK Cno6o,D,Ka no,D,

KaMbiWIIIHOM. EKaTosy np111wnocb neTeTb, HeCMOTps:l Ha
BHe3anHbiL;i npi11CTyn Mans:Jp111111. np111 noca,D,Ke B nony6ec-

C03HaTenbHOM COCTOs:lHII1111 OH pa36111n CaMOneT, HO CaM

OCTanCs:l :>KIIIB.
A B 3TO speMs:J KasKa3cKas:J apM111s:l reHepana BpaHrens:J
wTypMosana LJ,ap111l.\biH. BnepBble spaHreneBL\bl nonb1Tanii1Cb 3aXB3Tii1Tb IOpO,D, nii1Xii1M Kasanep!11L;iCKII1M HaCKOKOM
e1.1.1e B Ha4ane 11110Hs:l. 0,D,HaKO KOHHIIIL\a He CMOrna np06111TbCs:l 4epe3 3a6naroBpeMeHHO OTCTpOeHHble MOIJ..IHble
yKpenneHIIIs:l, COCTOs:lBWIIIe 1113 OKOnOB nOnHOIO npOcplllns:l,
MHOI04111CneHHbiX nyneMeTHbiX 1He3,D, 111 HeCKOnbKIIIX ps:l,D,OB KOnl04eL;i npOBOnOKIII. np111WnOCb ,D,O:>KIII,D,aTbCs:l, KOI,D,a
nyTeL;iL(bl BOCCTaHOBs:lT MOCTbl, 4T06bl YCII1ni11Tb WTypMOBble OTps:l,D,bl peryns:JpHoL;i nexoToL;i, TaHKaMIII 111 Ts:J:>KenoL;i
apT111nnep111eL;1.
28-ro oca,D,Hble opy,D,IIIs:l Ha4anll1 nepeManbiBaTb 6onbweBi11CTCKYIO o6opoHy. Ha cne,D,YIOIJ..IIIIL;i ,D,eHb B aTaKy ,D,BII1HYnll1cb TaHKIII C aHrnii1L;iCKII1Mil1 111 pyCCKII1Mil1 3KII1na:>KaM111, nO,D,,D,ep:>KaHHble 7-L;i nexoTHoL;i ,D,II1BII13111eL;i reHepana Ti11MaHOBCKOIO. YKpenneHHble n03111l.\111111, CTp0111BWII1eCs:l n04Til1 IO,D,,

(annapaT, KOTOpbiL;i y Hac o6bi4HO Ha3b1Banll1 MopaH-4>>

111n111 MOp4eT>>). 8 TaKOM COCTaBe 7 -L;i IIICTpOTps:l,D, ,D,O cepe-

6bin111 04111IJ..IeHbl 3a HeCKOnbKO 4aCOB. 30 11110Hs:l ,D,eHII1Kii1Hl.\bl

sopsan111cb B LJ,ap111l.\biH. KpaCHbiL;i Bep,D,eH>> nan.
6 11110ns:J 6enorsap,D,eL;icKII1e asll1a4aCTII1 nepe6a3111posanll1cb Ha L(ap111L(biHCKII1L;i a3pO,D,pOM 6eKeTOBKa, OTKy,D,a He,D,ene(;i paHbwe B3neTanll1 HbiOnOpbl>> 4-ro IIICTpOTps:l,D,a.

,D,ii1Hbl 11110ns:l ,D,eL;icTBOBan 1113 KaMbiWIIIHa, neTas:l, B OCHOBHOM, Ha pa3Be,D,Ky. CornacHO "noneTHOL;i se,D,OMOCTIII>>, 3a

'-laCTIII KpaCHOL;i apM111111 B 6ecnOps:l,D,Ke OTKaTbiBanii1Cb Ha

cesep, K KaMbiWIIIHy. Bo3ne nocenKa 3nbwaHKa 111M npe,D,-

BCe BpeMs:l npe6biBaHII1s:l OTps:l,D,a Ha cppOHTe COCTOs:lnCs:l

BCeiO O,D,IIIH B03,D,YWHbiL;i6oL;i (0 HeM CM.HIII:>Ke}, 3aTO nOCTOs:lHHO cny4an111cb pa3HOIO po,D,a asap111111 111 nonoMKIII. 1 asry-

CTOs:Jno opc111posaTb rny6oKyiO 6anKy (ospar) c KPYTbiMIII

CKnOHaMIII. 3,D,eCb IIIX HaCTII11nll1 CaMOneTbl Ky6aHCKOIO
aBIIIaOTps:l,D,a. 8 TOnny KpaCHOapMeL;iL(eB, CKOnii1BWII1XCs:l Ha

cTa OTps:l,D, C ,D,BYMs:l 111CnpaBHbiMII1 CaMOneTaMIII 3BaKyi11pOBanCs:l B CapaTOB.

24 11110Hs:l B LJ,apllll.\biH np1116b1n 1113 MopwaHcKa 4-L;i 111CTpe6111TenbHbiL;i OTps:l,D,. B HeM HaC4111TbiBanocb 4 caMoneTa
(3 HbiOnOpa-23>> 111 COnB1114>>} 111 4eTBepo neT4111KOB: <!>e,D,O-

,D,He ospara, nocbmanii1Cb 6oM6bl. Bo3HII1Kna Hesoo6pa3111Mas:J naHIIIKa. 0Ka3aswll1eCs:J B nosywKe 6oL;il.\bl MeTa-

pOB, BpeMeHHO 111CnOnHs:lBWII1L;i 06s:l3aHHOCTII1 KOMaH,D,IIIpa,

EKaTOB, 3ary,D,aes 111 Ca,D,OBCKIIIL;i*.
C 26-10 no 29 11110Hs:l EKaTOB 111 3ary,D,aes cosepw111n111 B
06IJ..IeM C4eTe 10 BblneTOB Ha B03,D,YWHOe npi11Kpb1TII1e 10pO,D,a 111 OTpa:>~<eHIIIe caMoneTOB npOTII1BHII1Ka. noHaYany
6enble BCs:lKIIIL;i pa3 YXO,D,il1nll1, nOnb3Ys:lCb npei11MYIJ..IeCTBOM
B BbiCOTe 111 CKOpOCTIII. HO 28 11110Hs:l 3ary,D,aeB 111 '-lapHeL(KIIIL;i 1113 7-10 IIICTpOTps:l,D,a BnepBble ,D,06111ni11Cb ycnexa. IO:>KHee LJ,ap111l.\b1Ha OHIII aTaKosanlll HbiOnop-23>>, KOTOpbiL;i
Kanii1TaH
11116ep-cpoH-IpeL;icpeHcpenbc.
n111nOT111posan
B 3TOT pa3 6enomap,D,eL;il.\y, neTesweMy Ha cmpoL;i 111 BeTxoL;i Mawii1He, cnacTIIICb He y,D,anocb. nyneMeTHas:J 04epe,D,b 3ary,D,aesa, nyiJ..IeHHas:J B,D,OIOHKy, nonana B MOTop.
Kan111TaH cen, nO,D,nOMIIIB waCCIII, Ha COBeTCKOL;i Teppi11TOp111111, nbiTancs:J 6e:>KaTb, HO 6bln 3aCTpeneH KpacHoapMeL;il.\aMIII. 3a 3TOT 6oL;1 3ary,D,aesa npe,D,cTaBII1n111 K op,D,eHy
<<KpaCHOIO 3HaMeHII1>>, XOTs:l Ha no6e,D,y npeTeH,D,OBanlll
TaK:>Ke nyneMeT4111KII1 38-L;i ,D,II1BII13111111. CornacHo ,D,OKna,D,y
KOM,D,II1Ba Xap4eHKO, 0Hi11 Ben111 111HTeHCII1BHbiL;i OIOHb no
spa:>KecKOMy asponnaHy.
OcMOTp TpocpeL;iHoro caMoneTa noKa3an, 4TO HbtOnop
HaXO,D,IIInCs:l B 04eHb nnOXOM COCTOs:lHII1111 111, BepOs:lTHO, 6bln
C06paH 1113 4aCTeL;i OT pa3HbiX Cni11CaHHbiX annapaTOB. nyneMeT Ha MaWIIIHe OTCYTCTBOBan. ,[l,a:>Ke npOBO,D,a K CBe4aM
6blnll1 caMO,D,enbHble, c,D,enaHHble 1113 :>~<ene3HOL;i nposonOKIII.
B Ka6111He Hawnlll ,D,Be aHrni11L;iCKII1e 5-cpyHTOBble 6oM6bl.

nlllcb, o6e3yMes oT y:>~<aca, nb1Tanii1Cb Kapa6KaTbCs:l no

CKaTaM 111 Cpb1Banii1Cb BHII13, ,D,aBs:l ,D,pyr ,D,pyra ... ,[l,ns:l MHOIIIIX ,D,eCs:lTKOB KpaCHOapMeL;iL(eB 3nbWaHCKas:l 6anKa CTana
6paTCKOL;i MOiillnOL;i.
nocne B3s:JTII1s:l LJ,ap111l.\b1Ha apM111s:l BpaHrens:J nony4111na
np111Ka3 pa3BII1BaTb HacTynneHIIIe B,D,Onb Bonr111 Ha cesep, K
CapaTOBy. Ho soL;icKa, 1113MOTaHHble Ts:J:>KenbiMIII 6os:JM111,
Hy:>K,D,anii1Cb B OT,D,biXe 111 nononHeH111111, a TeXHIIIKa B peMOHTe. Ha nocne,D,HIIIX OCTaTKax HaCTynaTenbHOIO nOpb!Ba
spaHreneBL\bl 28 11110ns:J B3s:Jnll1 KaMbiWIIIH, HO ,D,anbwe npo,D,BIIIHYTbCs:l He CMOrnill. <!>pOHT CTa6111nll13111pOBancs:l ,D,O cepe,D,II1Hbl asrycTa.
8 KOHL(e 11110Hs:l-H24ane 11110ns:l Ha cppOHT np1116b1na HOBas:l
rpynna aHrn111L;icKII1X neT4111KOB (<Dporn111, 3H,D,epcoH, 3nnli10T,
nanMep) 111 neTHa6os (lp111HcnsL;i,D,, KpOHIIIH, 3,D,D,II1COH, MIIIT-

yenn,

CMIIIT, Mepcep, CIIIMMOHC, X3T4eT 111 ns,D,noy). lllx

BKnl04111nll1 B COCTaB 3BeHa C>> 47-10 ,D,ii1Bii131110Ha, HO BOeBaTb 111M np111wnocb He no,D, LJ,apllll.\biHOM, a IO:>KHee- B paL;iOHe '-lepHoro ~pa. B '-lepHos:lpCKOM yKpenpaL;ioHe ,D,eHII1KII1Hl.\bl 6nOKi11pOBanll1 3Ha4111TenbHYIO 4aCTb 11-L;i apM111111, nocnaHHOL;i K111pOBbiM 1113 AcTpaxaHIII Ha noMOIJ..Ib LJ,apllll.\biHY.
B o,D,HOM 1113 nepBbiX 6oeBbiX BblneToB oTn1114111nll1cb KaniiiTaH 3H,D,epcoH 111 ero neTHa6 neL;iTeHaHT M111T4enn. 30 11110Hs:l
Tp111 caMoneTa BblneTenlll Ha 6oM6ap,D,111pOBKY '-lepHOIO
~pa. BblnOnHIIIB 3a,D,a4y, aHrnll14aHe CHII13111nll1cb ,D,O 400 MeTPOB, 4T06bl ccpoTorpacp111posaTb pe3ynbTaTbl 6oM6oMeTaHII1s:l. B 3TOT MOMeHT C 3eMnil1 no HIIIM 6bln OTKpbiT 111HTeHCii1BHbiL;i py:>KeL;iHo-nyneMeTHbiL;i OIOHb. 3H,D,epCOH 3aMeTi11n, 4TO 60M6ap,D,111pOBIJ..Iii1K neL;iTeHaHTOB 3nnii10Ta 111 ns,D,-

* KoMaH,[!/IIpOM OTpR,lla '1/IICfl/llflCR 80eHneT A. 8. 6apK08CK/IIM, KOTOpb!M ellje 15 anpenR yexan B OTnyCK, /II C TeX nap 0 HeM H/ll'lef'O He 6btno t138eCTHO.

16

/lltonR, TaK 11 He y3Ha8, 8 '!eM ,lleno, 6apK08CKOf'O /IICKnto'l/llfl/11 /113 cnt1CK08 KpacHom 803AYWHOIO cpnoTa. 8

1920

WAY

e10 cne,llbl OTb/CKan/IICb 8 KpbtMy, (',Lie 6apK08CK/IIM nOCTyn/lln Ha cny)l(6y K 6enO/Bap,lleM~.<aM. E10 3a'!t1Cfl/llflt1 n/llflOTOM 8 3-f;i a8/llaOTPRA
apM/11/11 BpaH1enR.

noy

CTan pe3KO Tepsnb BbiCOTy.

3nnVIOTY

y,D,anocb noca-

28 asrycTa 6onbweBVIKVI 3aHs:JilVI nocenoK ,lJ,y6osKa VI

,D,VITb nO,D,6VITYIO MaWVIHY Ha COBeTCKOi-1 TeppvHOpVIVI, B ns:l-

BbiW!lVI Ha 6!lVI:>KHVIe nO,D,CTynbl K L.J,apVIL\biHY. B03!le ,lJ,y60BKVI o6opy,D,OBa!lVI a3pO,D,pOM ,D,lls:l HbiOnOpOB VICTpe-

TVI KVI!lOMeTpax OT LJepHOIO ~pa. 1113 ropo,D,a K MeCTY noCa,D,KVI cpa3y :>Ke yCTpeMVIJlCs:l OTps:l,D, KaBanepVICTOB.
HecMOTps:l Ha TO, 4TO caMoneT 3H,D,epcoHa TaK:>Ke nony-

6VITeilbHOIO aBVIaOTps:l,D,a. 3,D,eCb :>Ke BCTana Ha s:lKOpb 6ap:>Ka KOMMyHa.

4VIil nOBpe:>KAeHVIs:l, neT4VIK, He pa3,D,YMb1Bas:l, npV13eM!lVIJlCs:l ps:l,D,OM c no,D,6VITbiM ,lJ,e XssVInneH,D,OM". 3nnVIOT VI

47-10 ,D,VIBVI3VIOHa nepe6a3VIpOBa!lVICb Vl3-nO,D, l.JepHOIO

B CBs:l3VI c HaMeTVIBweC1cs:J yrpo3oC1 c cesepa neT4VIKVI

3a 3TO BpeMs:l ycnenVI nO,D,:>Ke4b MaWVIHy. MVIT4enn

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MO!leTbl BnepBble aTaKOBa!lVI KOpa61lVI 80il:>KCKO-KacnVIC1-

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CKOC1 cpilOTVIJlVIVI nO,D, ,lJ,y60BKOC1. 0,D,Ha Vl3 60M6 nonana B

COH Ha4ail pa36er, KOI,D,a BCa,D,HVIKVI CO 3Be3,D,aMVI Ha cpypa:>KKaX 6blllVI y:>Ke B ,D,BYXCTaX MeTpax. 8VI,D,s:l, 4TO ,D,06bl4a

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paccTpens:Jn 3a:>KVIraTenbHbiMVI nyns:JMVI aspocTaT 14-ro

Ha Vl3 nynb npo6VIna TOnilVIBHbli-1 6aK. MV1T4enn, He pacTe-

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ns,D,nOy

ps:lBWVICb, 3aTKHyn ,D,blpy nanbl.(eM.

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neC1-

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naYeH :>KVI3Hbl0 neTHa6a 3H,D,epCOHOBCKOC1 MaWVIHbl-

neHHO Ha6VIpas:l BbiCOTy, nowen Ha 3ana,D,. ,lJ,o aspo,D,poMa

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npe,D,CTOs:lllO neTeTb n04TVI 4aC, VI BCe 3TO BpeMs:l nei-iTe-

nyneMeTa. leHepan BpaHrenb B csoeM npV1Ka3e OT 31 as-

HaHT MVIT4e!l!l, BeCb 3a!lVITbli-1 6eH3VIHOM, CTOs:lll Ha Kpbl!le,

rycTa nOCMepTHO Harpa,D,VIll aHI!lVIC1CKOIO neT4VIKa Op,D,eHOM CBs:lTOIO leOpiVIs:l no6e,D,OHOCL(a.

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B 6eH306aKe. n106as:1 VICKpa, Bbl!leTeBWas:l V13 BbiX!lOnHOi-1

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rpa:>KAeHbl 6pi!ITaHCKVIMVI op,D,eHaMVI Distinguished Servise

B03,D,yxonnaBaTe!lbHOIO 0Tps:l,D,a 3aKOH4VI!laCb. Y KpaCHbiX

Order (3a OT!lVI4HYIO cny:>~<6y,).

npe,D,wecmeHHVIKa.

Ha 3TOM cppOHTOBas:J cny:>~<6a 14-ro

nO,D, l.J,apVIL\biHOM OCTallCs:l e,D,VIHCTBeHHbiC1 a3pOCTaT -

5 asrycTa 3BeHO C> B nonHOM COCTase TPVI:>I<Abl aTaKOBailO LJepHbli-1 ~p, c6pOCVIB 67 60M6 VI pacCTpens:lB 2300

rna3 Bon:>KcKoC1 cpnoTVIilVIVI.

B

HaYane ceHTs:l6ps:l

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nO,D, KOMaH,D,OBaHVIeM He,D,aBHO OCB060:>KAeHHOIO Vl3 aHr-

,D,O

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KOHL\a MeCs:ll.(a.

***

PVIL\biHY VI HaYana MaccV1posaHHbiC1 apTV1nnepVIC1CKVIC1 o6cTpen ropo,D,a. O,D,HOBpeMeHHO YaCTVI 1 O-C1 apMVIVI npe,D,npVI-

B HaYane asrycTa Ha Bonry npV16blilVI c KOil4aKOBCKOro

cppOHTa KOpcl61lVI COBeTCKOi-1 BOil:>KCKO-KaMCKOi-1 cpilOTVI-

Hs:lilVI WTYPM L(apVIL\biHCKVIX yKpenneHVIC1 c cesepo-3ana,D,a.

npOTVIBOKOpa6eilbHOC1 apTVI!l!lepVIVI B IOpO,D,e He 6blilO:

JlVIVI. <DnOTVIilVIs:l, nepeVIMeHoBaHHas:J B Bon:>KcKo-KacnVIi-1-

see opy,D,VIs:l HaxO,D,VIilVICb Ha cyxonYTHbiX py6e:>~<ax o6opoHbl. Ho 3aTo y 6enbiX 6b1na asVIal.\VIs:l, VI oHa npOs:lBVIna ce6s:1

cKyiO, npe,D,CTaB!ls:l!la C060i-i BHYWVITeilbHYIO CVI!ly. 0Ha COCTOs:l!la Vl3 40 60eBbiX KOpa6nei-1 (MVIHOHOCL(eB, KaHOHep-

6necTs:JIJ..Ie. Bee caMoneTbl 47 -ro ,D,VIBVI3VIOHa VI Ky6aHcKoro

CKVIX llO,D,OK, MOHVITOpOB VI nnaB6aTapei-1) VI 6onee 70 BCnO-

asVIaOTps:l,D,a, cnoco6Hble no,D,Hs:lTbCs:l B B03,D,yx, maKosanVI

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3 3:JK. 207

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***
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pa3nii1LjHbtx rnasapetli, aTaMaHos 111 6aTeK. KpoMe Toro, e
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**

50p0Tb611CTb/ Mfll1 napTI1R 60pb6bt -

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***
E,D,sa n111 Onpas,D,aHHO XOTb B KaKOVi-TO Mepe B03nO>KIIITb 8111HY 3a nopa>KeHIIIe ,D,eHIIIKIIIHCKIIIX BOifiCK Ha ManO<jiiiCneHHble
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np111 OYepeAHOM HaneTe Ha KpaCHOBOACK BliiHTOBOYHas:t
nyns:t nonana s MOTop <PapMaHa neTYli1Ka floTexli1Ha. noTeXli1H cosepw111n BbiHy>KJJ.eHHYtO nocaAKY Ha ocTpose LJeneKeH. Ha 3TOT pa3 6enorsapAeii1U.bl 3axsaTII1nll1 M3LU111HY 111
B3s:tnll1 s nneH n111noTa.

8 p,eKa6pe KpaCHble B0306HOBII1nll1 Hac-rynneHII1e 111 3aH51nll1

cTaHU,111111 Ka3aH,D,>KII1K 111 Ailip,111H. AeHII1K111HU,bl npop,omKanll1
yp,ep:>K111BaTb nii1Wb He60nbWOili y4aCTOK nyCTbiHII1 BOKpyr
KpacHOBOACKa. Aanbwe OTc-rynaTb 6blno HeKyp,a, 111 6enble
p,pan111Cb C ynOpCTBOM 06pe4eHHbiX.
B Ka3aH,D,>KII1Ke cpep,111 p,pyr111x TpoQ>ees KpacHoapMeiliu,aM
p,ocTanC51111CTpe6111Tenb HbiOnop-21, 6e3 soopy:>KeHII151, 3aTO C KpaCII1BbiM p,syrnaBbiM OpnOM Ha 6op-ry Qll03en51:>Ka. Bep051THO, 3TOT asponnaH npii1Ha,LJ,ne:>Kan TaK Ha3biBaeMOMY
3aKaCnll1iliCKOMY asll1aOTP51AY, ompasneHHOMY AeHII1KII1HbiM
B KpaCHOBO,LJ,CK OCeHbiO 1919-ro. 0 p,e51TenbHOCTII1 3TOrO OTp51,LJ,a 1110 ero COCTase He COXpaHII1nOCb H111KaKII1X,LJ,aHHbiX. He1113BeCTHO p,a:>Ke, neTan n111 OH soo6w,e. Bo BC51KOM cnyYae
KpaCHble Hll1 pa3y He coo6w,an111 o no51sneH111111 B B03p,yxe
Bpa:>KeCKII1X CaMOneTOB.
B 51HBape 1920-ro KpacHa51 apMII151 Ha4ana onepau,11110 no
B351TII110 KpaCHOBO,LJ,CKa. ropop, 3aW,II1W,anll1 OCTaTKII1 pa604111X
APY:>KII1H, 6enorsapp,eiliLJ,bl reHepana nii1TBII1HOBa 111 npopsasWit1eC51 C IO:>KHOrO Ypana Ka3aKII1, BCero OKOnO 5 TbiC. 4enoBeK. Hac-rynasw111x 6blno np111MepHO 7-8 TbiC514. lilx p,eilicTBII151
aKTII1BHO noA,LJ,ep:>KII1Banll1 3KII1na:>KII1 11-ro 111 43-ro asll1aOTp51AOB. K HaYany cpa:>KeHII151 s OTp51p,ax HaC4111Tblsanocb 6 111CnpasHbiX caMoneTOB. Bee AH111 6oes KpacHble neT4111KII1 6oM6111nll1111 o6cTpen111san1111113 nyneMeTOB ropop,cKII1e KBapTanbl,
nopT 111 p,pyr111e o6beKTbl. B o6w,eM c4eTe OHII1 cosepw111n111
6onee 60 60eBbiX BblneTOB, c6pOCII1B 1600 Kr 60M6 111 320 Kr
ar111TaU,1110HHOili nii1Tepa-rypb1.
HecMOTp51 Ha OT4a51HHOe conpOTII1BneHII1e, KpacHoapMeiliU,bl 6 Q>espan51 sopsan111cb s ropop,. MHor111e ero 3aw,111THII1KII1
nor1116n111, p,pyr111e ssaKy111posan111cb napoxop,aMII1 B nepc11110,
OKOno 1600 YenoseK cp,anocb B nneH. TaK 6bln nii1KB111A111POsaH 3aKacnll1iliCKII1ili yyacTOK TypKecTaHcKoro Q>pOHTa.
np111MepHO B TO :>Ke BpeM51 p,pyr111e 60nbWeBII1CTCKII1e nonKII1 aTaKosanll1 X111sy. nocne Hep,onroro, HO O:>KecT04eHHoro
6051 Xlt1BII1HCKOe BOiliCKO 6bln0 pa36111TO, XaH A:>KyHall1p, 6e:>Kan, a sMeCTO X111BII1HCKOro xaHCTBa o6pa3osanacb npocoseTcKa51 Xope3MCKa51 Hapop,Ha51 pecny6nii1Ka.
K secHe 1920-ro ep,II1HCTBeHHOili Henop,snacTHOili 6onbwesii1KaM Teppii1TOp111eili s Cpep,Heili A3111111 ocTasanc51 6yxapCK111ili 3Mit1paT. HO HeCM0Tp51 Ha M111pHblili ,LJ,OrOBOp C 3M111p0M
Ceii1,LJ,OM-Anll1, COBeTCKOe KOMaH,LJ,OBaHII1e He C06111panOCb
p,onro TepneTb y ce651 s Tblny 3TOT <<04ar MpaKo6ecll151 111
cpep,HeseKosoro sapsapcTBa (cnosa M.B.ct:>pyH3e). noKa
pyKII1 y KpaCHbiX 6bln111 CB513aHbl Ha p,pyr111x Q>pOHTaX, OHII1
sceMit1 c111naM111 cTapanii1Cb 3ap,o6pii1Tb 3MII1pa. Aap111n111 nop,apK111, ysep51nll1 B Be4HOili APY:>K6e. Ho BOT ,LJ,Owna 04epe,LJ,b 111
,LJ,O HerO. C 11110H51 Ha4anaCb W111pOKOMaCWTa6Ha51 nO,LJ,rGTOBKa K soiliHe. PyccKII1e nocenKII1 sp,onb A3111aTCKOili :>Kene3HOili
p,opor111 Ha rna3ax npespaw,anll1cb s soeHHble narep51. no caMOili :>Kene3HOili p,opore cmn111 xop,II1Tb 6poHenoe3p,a. Y cTaHU,111111 KaraH, scero s 12 Kll1nOMeTpax OT 6yxapbl, cnewHo B03BO,LJ,II1nc51 aspop,poM. B 11110ne TaM np1113eMnll1nll1cb caMoneTbl
43-ro, 11-ro 111 TOnbKO 4TO nepe6poweHHOrO B TypKeCTaH
25-ro aBII1aOTp51,LJ,OB. 3MII1p nbiTanC51 npOTeCTOBaTb, HO ero
Y:>Ke HII1KTO He cnywan.
B KOHLJ,e asrycm 6onbweBII1CTCKII1ili nnaH no 3axsa-ry 6yxapb1 HaYan sonnow,aTbC51 s :>KII13Hb. 28-ro s Kll1wnaKe Caxap6a3ap BCnbiXHynO 111HCnll1pll1pOBaHHOe COBeTCKII1MII1 areHTaMII1 BOCCTaHII1e. 80CCTaBWII1e, pa3yMeeTC51, TOT4aC :>Ke 06paTII1nii1Cb 3a noMOW,biO K 6paTCKOili KpacHoili apM111111. 1!1 noMOW,b He 3aCTaBII1na ce651 )l(,lJ,aTb. 29-ro BOiliCKa nO,LJ, KOMaH,LJ,OBaHII1eM ct:>pyH3e nepewn111 rpaH111U,Y 3M111paTa 111 Y:>Ke K se4epy 6blnll1 y cTeH 6yxapb1. Ha paccseTe Toro :>Ke AH51 ct:>apMaHbl>> 111 COnBII14W c aspop,poMa KaraH snepBble 60M6111n111
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nponoM p111Hyn111cb w-rypMOBble KOnOHHbl nexOTbl. Ho BOII1Hbl

3M111pa KOHTpaTaKOili OT6pOCII1nll1 Hac-rynaBWII1X. noTep51B

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npop,on:>Kanc51 apTII1nnep111iliCKII1ili o6cTpen 111 B03AYWHble 6oM6app,111pOBKII1 ropop,a. nocKOnbKY a3pOp,pOM HaXO,LJ,II1nC51 COBGeM p51,LJ,OM, KpaCHble neT4111KII1 p,eiliCTBOBanll1 KOHBeiliepHbiM
MeTO,LJ,OM>>: B3neTanll1, c6paCbiBanll1 60M6bl, Ca,LJ,111nii1Cb, a 4epe3 HeCKOnbKO MII1HYT, B351B 04epep,Hyl0 nopU,II110 Q>yraCOK,
On51Tb Wnll1 Ha B3neT. TaKa51111HTeHCII1BHa51 pa60Ta He MOrna He
CKa3aTbC51 Ha TeXHII1Ke. C Ka)l(,lJ,biM pa30M B He60 nO,LJ,HII1ManOCb see MeHbwe 111 MeHbwe caMoneTOB. BbiXO,LJ,II1nlt1 1113
CTp051 MOTOpbl, TeKJ1111 6aKII1, nOManii1Cb WaCC111, psanii1Cb
aMOpT1113aTOpbl. 6blnll1 cny4all1, KOrp,a p,s111raTen111 OTKa3biBanll1
np51MO Ha,LJ, LJ,enbiO. HO TaK KaK COBeTCKII1e BOiliCKa CT051nlt1
scero B nape Kll1nOMeTpos OT 6yxapbl, y neT4111KOB scerp,a ocTasanacb B03MO:>KHOCTb cnnaH111pOBaTb ,LJ,O CB0111X n03111LJ,II1ili.
K YTPY cnep,y10w,ero AH51 cTeHbl 111 6awHII1 ropop,a 6blnll1 pa3pyweHbl BO MHOrii1X MeCTax. ABII1a60M6bl cepbe3HO nospep,ll1nll1 ApK- yKpenneHHblili p,sopeu,, LJ,II1Tap,enb 3MII1pa. 3aKOH4111B
apmop,rOTOBKY, ct:>pyH3e BHOBb nocnan soilicKa Ha np111c-ryn.
B 3TOT pa3 nexOTe np111 noA,LJ,ep:>KKe 6poHeBII1KOB yp,anocb
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W-rypMOBble 0Tp51,LJ,bl CTanll1 npO,LJ,BII1raTbC51 B,LJ,Onb yn111U, K LJ,eHTpy. noKa wn111 60111 Ha OKpa111Hax, caMoneTbl npop,on:>Kanll1
60M6111Tb LJ,111Ta,LJ,enb 111 LJ,eHTpanbHble KBapTanbl 6yxapb1.
YTpOM 2 ceHT516p51 B pyKaX y CTOpOHHII1KOB 3M111pa OCTasanC51 TOnbKO OCblnaeMblili 60M6aMII1 111 CHap51,LJ,aMII1 ApK. nocne p,seHap,u,aTII14acosoro HenpepbiBHOro o6cTpena 111 :>KecTOKOro pyKOnaWHOro 6051 KpenOCTb nana, HO 3MII1pa TaM He
6blnO. 0H CO CB0111M rapeMOM 111 CBII1TOili ew,e H04bl0 6e:>Kan
1113 ropop,a no nop,3eMHOMY xop,y.
TaK 3aKOH4111nacb 3Ta n51TII1,LJ,HeBHa51 soiliHa, B pe3ynbTaTe
KOTOpOili 60nbWeBII1KII1, HaKOHeLJ,, CTanll1 nOnHOBnaCTHbiMII1
X0351eBaMII1 so seeM TypKecTaHe. 1!13 12 caMoneTOs, yyacTsosaswll1x B 6yxapcKoili onepau,111111, K 3 ceHT516p51 TOnbKO p,sa
coxpaHII1nll1 6oecnoco6HOCTb. OcTanbHble Bb1Wnll1 1113 cTp051
1113-3a pa3nii14HbiX nonoMOK. Bo speM51 cpa:>KeHII151 neT4111Kit1
11-ro, 43-ro 111 25-ro asll1aOTP51AOB cosepw111n111 59 6oeBbiX
BblneTOB, c6pOCII1B Ha 6yxapy 1968 Kr 60M6 111 48 Kr nii1CTOBOK. Bcero :>Ke B 1918-1920 rop,ax COBeTCKII1e aBII1aTOpb1
TypKecTaHCKOro Q>pOHTa BblnOnHII1nll1 260 6oeBbiX BblneTOB
111 c6poc111n111 3888 Kr 6oM6 nn10c 368 Kr nii1Tepa-rypb1.
OceHbiO 1920-ro 4111cneHHOCTb coseTCKII1X as111ac111n s
TypKeCTaHe ysenll14111nacb ,LJ,O 5 0Tp51,LJ,OB. 11-ili 6a3111pOsanC51 B nonTOpaLJ,Ke (TaKOe Ha3BaHII1e HeCKOnbKO neT HOCII1n
Awxa6ap,, B 4eCTb MeCTHOrO KOMII1CCapa nonTOpau,KOrO,
y6111Toro 6enorsapp,eiliu,aM111), 25-ili - s '-lap,D,>Kye, 26-ili s CaMapKaHp,e, a 3aTeM- s TepMe3e, 27-ili- s CKo6enese 111 43-ili - s Hosoili 6yxape. 3aTeM s TawKeHT nepe6poCII1nll11113 MOCKBbl 4-ili 0Tp51,LJ,, OCHaW,eHHblili HOBbiMII1 HeMeLJ,KII1MII1 caMoneTaMII1 3nbQ>ayre (LVG C.VI). 3TII1 MaWII1Hbl
COBeTCKOe npaBII1TenbCTBO TailiHO, B 06XO,LJ, BepcanbCKOrO
,LJ,OrOBOpa, 3aKynll1nO B repMaHII1111.
KaK 1113BeCTHO, ycnOBII151 3Toro p,orosopa 3anpew,anll1 HeMu,aM cTp0111Tb 111 npop,asaTb 6oesble caMoneTbl. Op,HaKo TaKII1e cp,enKII1111HOrp,a cosepwanll1cb, a 4T06bl 111x He aQ>111w111poBaTb, KOMaH,LJ,OBaHII1e KpaCHOrO 803,LJ,YWHOrO Q>nOTa HanpaBn51nO np111o6peTeHHble asponnaHbl B 3asonb:>Kbe 111 TypKecTaH, nop,anbwe OT ni060nbiTHbiX rna3 111HOCTpaHHbiX pa3sep,4111KOB 111 ,LJ,II1nnOMaTOB.
HeCMOTp51 Ha 3aBepweH111e rpa)l(,lJ,aHCKOili BOiliHbl, KpacHbiM asll1aTOpaM s Cpep,Heili A3111111 He np111wnocb c111p,eTb 6e3
p,ena. BoopY:>KeHHOe conpOTII1BneHII1e coseTcKoili snacTII1
ew,e p,onro npop,on:>Kanll1 OKa3biBaTb pacce51HHble no ropaM
111 nycTbiH51M OTP51Abl 6acMa4eili. 6opb6a c 6acMa4eCK111M
AB111:>KeHII1eM npop,on:>Kanacb c nepepb1BaMII1 p,o Ha4ana
1930-x rop,os. Ho 3Ta 6opb6a 111 y4aCTII1e s Heili as111au,111111 51Bn51eTc51, Ha HaW B3rn51,LJ,, OT,LJ,enbHOili CaMOCT051TenbHOili TeMOili, BbiXO,LJ,51W,eili 3a paMKII1 p,aHHOili KHII1rll1.

0 4TO Bblnli1nC5! yXOfJ, HeMLJ,eB C YKpa1!1Hbl B KOHU,e 1918

rofJ,a, Mbl y>Ke rosop111n111 B 8-Vi rnase. Tenepb np111wna
nopa paCCKa3aTb, KaK pa3Bii1Banli1Cb C06b1Tii15! B np1!16anTI!1Ke 111 6enopycc111111, TO ecTb Ha cesepo-3anafJ,HOM yYaCTKe 6biBWero pyCCKO-repMaHCKOrO cj.lpOHTa.
noHa4any 60nbWeBI!1Kii1 HafJ,eHnli1Cb nOBTOp1!1Tb Ha 3anafJ,e TaKOVi >Ke Tp1!1yMcj.lanbHbiVi MapW, KaK TOT, 4TO 111M yfJ,anOCb COBepW1!1Tb B ManOpOCCI!11!1. Ho BCKOpe Bbi5!CHI!1nOCb,
4TO 3fJ.eCb KpacHoVi apM1!11!1 npOTI!1BOCTOI!1T ropa3fJ.O 6onee
Cl!1nbHbiVi spar; He>Kenl!1 pa3HOwepcTHble nonynapT1!13aHCKI!1e OTP5lfJ.bl ,ll,1!1peKTOp1!11!1. no3TOMY 1!1 ycnex111 OKa3anli1CbrOpa3fJ,OCKPOMHee.
CoseTCKOe npOfJ.BI!1>KeHI!1e scneA 3a OTCTynaiOW.1!1Mii1 HeMeU,Kii1Mii1 BOViCKaMI!1 Ha4anOCb 25 H05!6p5! 1918 rOfJ,a.
Cnepsa OHO pa3BI!1Banocb AOBOnbHO ycnewHO. HeMU,bl noHa4any He oKa3blsanl!1 HI!1KaKoro conpOTI!1BneHI!15!, a soopy>KeHHble Cl!1nbl HOBOC03fJ,aHHbiX rOCyfJ,apCTB- nli1TBbl, naT81!11!1 1!1 3CTOHI!11!1 - HaXOfJ,Ii1nli1Cb B 3a4aT04HOM C0CT05!Hii11!1 1!1
nOKa He 5!Bn5lnli1Cb cepbe3HbiM npOTI!1BHI!1KOM.
K Ha4any 1919-ro KpaCHble 3aHHnli1 n04Tii1 BCIO naTBI!110,
B0CT04HYIO 4aCTb nli1TBbl 1!1 6enopyCCI!11!1. OcHOBHOVi yfJ,ap
6b1n Hau,eneH Ha P111ry, KOTopyiO 3aW.111W.anli1 6enonaTblww (0Tp5!fJ.bl naTBII1ViCKOrO HaU,1!10HanbHOrO npaBII1TenbCTBa YnbMaHII1ca) 111 4aCTI!1 TaK Ha3biBaeMoro 6anTII1VicKoro
naHfJ,eCsepa - fJ,06pOBOnb4eCKI!1e cj.lOpM1!1pOBaHI!15!, COCT05!W,Ii1e npe1!1MyW,eCTBeHHO 1113 MeCTHbiX HeMu,eB 1!1 6biBWii1X soeHHOcny>KaW.Ii1X repMaHCKOVi apM1!11!1. Hacnex BblcTasneHHble 3aCnOHbl He CMOrnli1 npOTI!1BOCT05!Tb perynHpHbiM fJ.Ii1Bii131!15!M KpacHoVi apM1!11!1, 111 2 HHBapH 1919-ro
P111ra nana.
Ho scKope HacTynaTenbHbiVi nopbiB KpacHoapMeViu,es
cTan ocna6esaTb. K KOHU.Y MecHu,a naTbiWI!1 111 HeMU,bl cyMenli1 3aKpeni!1TbC5! Ha py6e>Ke peKI!1 BeHTbl (Bii1HfJ,aBbl). rnasHYIO pOnb B 3TOM Cblrpan naHfJ,ecsep, nony41!1BWII1Vi 1113 repMaHI!11!1 KpynHble napT1!1111 cospeMeHHOro opy>Kii15!. KpoMe
TOrO, erO 41!1CneHHOCTb poena 3a C4eT HeMLJ,eB-BOnOHTepOB, >KenaBWI!1X nOM04b CB01!1M COnneMeHHI!1KaM 111n111 npOCTO C1J,enasw111x soViHy csoeVi npocj.lecc111eVi.
1!13 TaKI!1X COnfJ,aT yfJ,a41!1 B OCHOBHOM COCTOHnO 1!1 803fJ.YWHOe nOfJ,pa3fJ,eneHII1e np111 1-Vi pe3epBHOVi rsapfJ,eViCKOVi fJ,Ii1BI!131111!1, Ha3BaHHOe nO cj.laMI!1nli11!1 erO pyKOBOfJ,Ii1TenH as111anonKOM 3aKceH6epra (Kampfgeschwader
Sachsenberg). 3TOT nonK 6bln ccj.lopM1!1posaH Ha 6a3e
fJ,eM06111nli130BaHHOro nonesoro nonKa MOpCKOVi as1!1aU,1!11!1
(Marintfeldjagdgeschwader). B Hero BXOfJ.Ii1nli1 3 3CKaAp1!1nbli1 yc111neHHOro cocTasa: FA 413 (pa3BefJ,biBaTenbHaH), FA 416 (1!1CTpe6111TenbHaH) 111 FA 417 (wTypMosaH).
noMI!1MO neViTeHaHTa ronxapfJ,a 3aKCeH6epra, 6biBWerO
MOpCKOrO nli1nOTa KaVi3epOBCKOVi repMaHI!11!1, C6111BWerO B
1917-1918 rofJ,ax 6onee 30 aHrnli1ViCKI!1X caMoneTOB, B
nonKy cny>K111n111 TaKI!1e 3HaMeHI!1Tble acbl, KaK il1o3ecj.l
~Ko6c (47 B03fJ.YWHbiX no6eA) 111 TeofJ,op OcTepKaMn.
Bcero >Ke <<KOMaHfJ,a 3aKceH6epra HaC41!1TbiBana CBblwe
50 OnbiTHbiX nli1nOTOB 1!1 Ha6niOfJ,aTeneVi.

MaT4aCTb TaK>Ke 6blna <<Ha yposHe: 30 3Kii1na>KeVi neTa-

no Ha HOBeViWII1X u,enbHOMeTannli14eCKI!1X MOHOnnaHaX IOHKepca D-1 111 CL-1. 3Tii1 Mawi!1Hbl noCTyn111n111 Ha soopy>KeHII1e
repMaHCKI!1X BBC s caMOM KOHU,e M111posoVi soViHbl 111 efJ,sa
ycnen111 np1!1H5!Tb y4aCTI!1e B 605!X Ha 3anafJ,HOM cj.lpOHTe.
KpOMe TOrO, B nOnKy 1!1Menli1Cb 1!1 TpafJ,Ii1LJ,Ii10HHble, HO 04eHb
XOpOWO ce6H3apeKOMeHfJ,OBaBWI!1e fJ,epeBHHHble 6111nnaHbl
<<Xanb6epwTafJ,T, DFW, LVG 111 <<PyMnnep. 6blnli1 TaK>Ke 1!1CTpe6111Tenli1 <<ct:>OKKep D-VII111 D-VIII.
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ero nonKy yfJ,anocb 6ecnepe6oViHo <<OTpa6oTaTb B np1!16anTI!1Ke HeCKOnbKO MeCHLJ,eB, HeCMOTp5! Ha nOCT05!HHyiO
CblpOCTb, fJ.O>KfJ.1!1 111 cnHKOTb. AnnapaTbl >Ke c nonOTHHHOVi
06Wii1BK0Vi B TaK1!1X ycnOBI!15!X np1!1XOfJ,Ii1nli1 B HerOfJ,HOCTb 3a
fJ,Be-Tp1!1 HefJ,enli1.
H1114er0 nOfJ,06HOrO <<iOHKepcaM He 6blnO Hli1 y KpaCHbiX,
Hli1 y 6enbiX, Hli1 y aHrno-cj.lpaHu,y3CK1!1X 1!1HTepseHTOB. B u,enoM MO>KHO CKa3aTb, 4TO nO 60eBOMy OnbiTY 1!1 TeXHI!14eCKOMY OCHaW,eHI!110 nOnK 3aKCeH6epra 5!BnHnC5!, nO>KanyVi,
ny4Wii1M aB111aU,1110HHbiM nOfJ,pa3fJ,eneHII1eM rpa>KfJ,aHCKOVi
soViHbl. Ho TaK >Ke, KaK 111 111x 6biBWI!1M npOTI!1BHII1KaM- aHrnli14aHaM, n111noTaM 3aKceH6epra He yfJ,anocb nononHI!1Tb
CBOVi 6ara>K cnaBbl B He6e POCCI!11!1. Y Hli1X npOCTO He OKa3anOCb fJ.OCTOViHoro conepH1!1Ka. no4Tii1 3a 8 MecHu,es npe6blsaHI!15! Ha cj.lpoHTe, c cj.lespanH no ceHTH6pb 1919-ro, OHI!1
He nposen111 Hli1 0/J,HOrO B03fJ.YWHOrO 6051.
Ao 23 MapTa 1919 ~ u,eHTpanbHOVi 6a3oVi as111anonKa
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BOC1CK 111 apT111 nnep111~CK111M OrHeM aHrn111C1CK111X 60eBbiX KOpa6ne~ MfiTe>KHOMY reHepany np111WnOCb OTC-ryn111Tb.
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HanaA111Tb OTHoweH111s:J c AeH111K111HbiM . Ha YKpa111HY 6bln OTnpa8neH ABYXM OTOPHbl~ P111AP111XcxaeH G.lila c 80eH Ho t1 Aen e rau.111 eV1 . 8 KOHU.e OKTfl6pfl CaMOJleT, n111nOT111pye Mbl~ noAnOnK08H111KOM cD111pCOBbiM 111 npanopw,111KOM MapwanKOM , cosepw111n 1200 - K111JlOMeTposbl~ nepeneT 1113 M111Ta8bl s K111e s . A anbH111t1 noneT HaA spa>KeCKO~ Tepp111TOp111 et1 npowen s o6 w.eM ycnewHo , HO np1113eMnfiTbCfl np111 wnocb, '-ITO Ha3biBaeTCs:J, 8 K111ns:JW.111~ KOTen. HeMHOrO He
AOneTe s AO K111e sa, P111AP111XcxacpeH cen rAe-To s none ,
nocne Yero caMoneT 6bln MOMeHTanbHO 3axsaYeH , pa3rpa6neH 111 CO>K>KeH OAHOC1 1113 6aHA, KOTOpbiMV. 6yK8anbHO
K111Wena 8 Te AH111 Tepp111TOp111fl YKpa111Hbl. neT'-1111K8M 111 YneHaM Aenerau.111111 YYAOM yAanocb 6e>KaTb. BnpoYeM , M111CC111s:J
see pasHo 3aKOHY111nacb nposanoM . AeHlt1K111H , He >Kenas:J
nopT111Tb OTHOWeH111fl C aHrn111'-18HaM111 , OTKa3anCs:J OT COt03a
C 6epMOHT-Asan08biM .
B AeKa6pe , nocne oyepeAHOro ynbT111Ma-ryMa AHTaHTbl ,
6epMOHT-Asan08 OTBen CB0111 BOt1CKa Ha Tepp111TOp111tO BocTO'-IHOt1 n pyCC111111 , a 3aTeM - 06bfl8111n 0 paccpopM111pOBaH111111 3a naAHO~ apM111111 . np111 3TOM 6onbwafl YaCTb aaponnaHOB 6blna np111BeAeHa 8 HefOAHOCTb, a OCTanbHble AOCTan111Cb n 111TOBU.8M.

***
Ha Tepp111TOP111111 6enopycc111111 w eAw111e scneA 3a HeMu.aM111 KpaCHble y>Ke 8 s:JHBape 1919-r o HaTKHYJ1111Cb Ha ynop HOe conpoT111sn e H111e nonbCK111X 111 n111TOBCK111X so~cK. K Ha-

KoMOHAYIOU.U1M a oMOL\MeM 3anaAHOro A06pooonb'lecKoro

Kopnyca noAnon KOBHMK &.H. CZ,Mpcoo. CHMMOK 1913 r.

Yany f\.1apTa YaCT111 coseTcKot1 3anaAH01 apMlt1111 (He nyTaTb

C 6epMOHT-asanOBCKOtA) 6blnll1 OKOH4aTe.r.bHO OCTaHOBneH~ Ha n111H111111 n 111 HCK- 6apaH08111'-1111-rpoAHO. Ha APYr111X
cppoHTax 8 3TO spe Ms:J w n 111 o>KecToYeHHble 60111 c KonYaKOM 111 AeH111K111H biM , c 111n Afls:J HacTynneH111fl He xsaTano, ~1
6 0nbWe8111K111 pew 111n111 OTn O>K111Tb rlOnbCK111~ nOXOA AO
ny'-IW111X 8peMeH .
B c o cTas aslt1aU.111 111 3anaAHOVI apM111111 (9 anpens:~ nepe111MeH08aHa 8 6 enopyCCKO-n111TOBCKytO apM111tO) BXOA111n111
8 - t1 , 17- t1111 3 8- ~ pa3BeAbiBaTenbHble, a TaK>Ke 3-~ apT111nnep111~ C K111~ as 111 aOTP ~A 111 4-~ A111Bli131110H 111crpe6111Tene ~
( 1 0 - ~ , 11-1 111 12-t1 111CTpOTPfiAbt). A111BV!31110H noA KOMaH AOBaH111eM soeHneTa CTYA3111HCKoro 6bln copM111posaH s
MocKse s KOHU.e 19 18 - ro Ha 6a3e 6b1swe~ 4-t1 6oesot1
as111arpynnb1. B s:JHsape 19 19-ro ere oTnpasll1nlt1 s TOnbKO
'-ITO OCB060>KAH Hblt1 OT HeMU.8 M111HCK. 3aTeM 1113 COCTasa A111B11131110Ha Bb1Aen 111n111 12- ~ 111CTPOTPs:JA, np111AaB ero
1-1HTepHaU.1110Han bHO ~ A111 B1113111lll, soesaswe1 noA Bll1nbHO.
3AeCb OH np111cTyn 111n K 6oesot1 pa6oTe.
B nepsoM >Ke BblneTe OA111H 1113 caMon eTOB OTPfiAa 6btn
noTeps:JH. 14 espanfl so speM~ pa3BAK111 BAOnb HeMaHa
1113- 3a nonoMK111 MOTopa cosepw111n BbiHY>KA8HHytO nocaAKY
Cons111'-l n111noTa Co6onesa 111 neTHa6a CTecpaHosa. XOTfl
aaponnaH np1113eMn111nCs:J Ha csoe1 Tepp~TOP111111, np111Kn taYeH111s:J 3K111na>Ka Ha 3TOM He KOH'-1111n lt1Cb. neT4111K08 apeCTOsan111 KpaCHOapMe1 U.bl 111 , H cnywafl HliiK8KliiX AOBOAOB, OTse3n111 noA KOH soeM s wTa6, pacnono>KeHHbl1 s 50 sepcTax
OT MecTa nOC3.AK111. A Ha APyr o1 AHb nli1TOBU.bl nepewn111 s
HaCTynneH111e 111 38XBaT111n111 6pOWHHYtO M8W111Hy.
Ao cepeA111Hbl an pen Sl 12-111 OTP~A ocyUJ.eCTBnSln so3AYWHYtO oxpaHy B111nbHO. HecKOnbKO pa3 ero nlt1nOTbl B3neTan111 Ha nepexsaT nonbCK111X pa3BeAY111KOB , no~8ns:~sw111XCfl
HaA r opoAOM . Ho noKa 111cTpe6111Ten111 Ha6111pan111 BbiCOTy,
nonfiK111 ycne 9an111 y t1T111 Ha 6e3onacHoe paccTOSlHII1e. 13 an penfl Ha CMeHy 12-My 111CTpOTPs:JAY B 8111nbHO np1116bln 3 -t1
apT111nnep111~CK111 ~( n eTY111K111:~eKcees,r111nes111Y,PewoHbe,

CanyHos 111 T111x0 M111pos). C pa3rpy3KOC1 caMoneT08 oco6o

He Topon111n111Cb, no3TOMy, KOrAa nonSlK111 19 anpenfl B3fln 111

BL-~nbHO, OHL-1 3axsaTL-~nL1 ABa asponnaHa nps:lMO Ha >t<ene3HOAOpO>t<HbiX nnan:popMax. Ew,e YeTblpe MawL-~Hbl asL-~aTo
pbl ycnenL-~ Bb1Be3TL1 L-~3 ropoAa Ha rpy3oBL-~Kax. nocne 240
BepCT CKL1TaHL1Vi nO <f>pOHTOBbiM AOporaM 3-C\ apTL1nnepL1ViCKL1Vi npL-~6bln B ABL-~HCK.
B Mae-L-~IOHe neTYL-~KL-1 OTPs:lAa npoL13BenL-~ HeCKOnbKO BblneToB Ha pa3BeAKy. 6 L-~IOns:l c 6oesoro 3MaHL-~s:l He sepHynL-~cb ABe MaWL-~Hbl: HbiOnOp>> fL-~neBL-~Ya L1 COnBL-IY PeWOHbe C neTHa60M 6aTOBbiM. no3AHee Bbls:lCHL-InOCb, YTO
OHL-1 COBepWL-~nL-1 nocaAKY Ha nonbCKOVi TeppL1TOpL1L1. HeL-~3BeCTHO, 6blnO nL-1 3TO cneACTBL-IeM TeXHL1YeCKL1X HenonaAOK
L-~nL-1 HaMepeHHbiC\ nepeneT K npOTL1BHL1Ky, XOTS'l CKOpee
scero- nocne,o.Hee. A ew,e yepe3 HecKonbKO AHeVi L-~3 OTPs:lAa c6e>KanL-~ neTYL-~K CanyHOB, neTHa6bl rorynL-~HCKL-~Vi L1
MaKapos, a TaK>Ke Ps:lA Ha3eMHbiX cny>t<aw,L-~x. B pe3ynbTaTe OTPs:lA <PaKTL-~YeCKL-1 noTeps:ln 6oecnoco6HOCTb.
C neTa 1919-ro 3anMHbiVI <t>poHT HaAonro YTPaTL-~n B
rna3ax coseTcKoro pyKoBo,o.cTBa nepsocTeneHHOe 3HaYeHL-~e. TeM 6onee YTO nons:lKL-1, 3axsaTL-~B 3HaYL-~TenbHYIO
yacTb 6enopyccL-~L-~, npeKpaTL-~nL-~ HacTynneHL-~e. BoVIHa
npL-~o6pena n03L1U,L10HHbiVI xapaKTep, 6naronpL-~s:lTHbiVI Ans:l
AeViCTBL1Vi TOrAaWHeVi aBL-~aLJ,L-~L-1. 0AHaKO 6onbWas:l YaCTb
KpacHoro B03AYWHoro <t>nOTa soesana Ha BocTOYHOM, a
3aTeM - Ha IO>t<HOM <PPOHTax. Ha 3anaAHOM >Ke ocTasanocb nL-~Wb HeCKOnbKO aBL-~aOTPs:lAOB, He npos:lBL1BWL1X ce6s:l
nOYTL-1 HL-!YeM BbiAaiOW,L-IMCs:l.
VICKniOYeHL-~eM s:lBns:leTCs:l B03AYWHas:l no6eAa KpaCBOeHneTa WL1pL1HKL1Ha, BXOAL1BWero B COCTaB V1CTpe6L-~Tenb
HOrD 3BeHa 3anaAHOro <PpoHTa, KoTopoe 6a3L-~posanocb
noA ABL-~HCKOM. VIH<f>OpMaLJ,L-~s:l o6 3TOM 3nL130Ae COAep>KL-~TCS'l
B BOCnOML1HaHL1s:lX Apyroro KpaCHOrO neTYL-~Ka
6.H.KYAPL1Ha, ony6nL-~KOBaHHbiX B >t<ypHane Kpblnbs:l POAL-1Hbl 3a 1980 roA: Xopowo noMH/0, - n111weT Ky,apiiiH- KaK

24

ceHTR6pR 1919 ro.aa Ha,a ropo,aoM ,ll,BIIIHCKOM WlllpiiiHKIIIH npiiiHRfl 60M Cpa3y C TpeMR HenpiiiRTeflbCKIIIM/11 CaMOneTaM/11. 5btCTpbiMIII Ill CMeflb/M/11, 1113YMIIITeflbHO TO'IHb/M/11
MaHeapaMIII, BKfl/OLfaR no6oay10 aTaKy, OH c6111n .a sa apa>KeCKIIIX CaMOfleTa, a TpeTIIIM npiiiHYAIIIfl np1113eMfliiiTbCR Ha HaweM3eMne.

PaccKa3 3TOT HacTonbKO pe3KO

KOHTpacTL-~pyeT

onL-~ca

HL-~s:lML-1 APYrL-~x B03AYWHbiX 6oeB rpa>t<AaHCKOVi BOVIHbl,

Mbl noHaYany CYL-~TanL-~ ero BbiMblcnoM. TeM 6onee, YTO

YTO
Ky-

APL-~H HL-~KaK He MOr 6b1Tb CBL-~AeTeneM ycnexa WL-~pL-~HKL-~Ha,

TaK KaK B ceHTs:l6pe 1919-ro OH BOeBan IO>KHee Tynbl B COCTaBe ABL-~arpynnbl oco6oro Ha3HaYeHL-~s:l (eM. rnasy 10).
EcTb, npaBAa, BblnL-ICKa L-13 HarpaAHOro nL-~CTa, no KOTOpoMy A.A.WL1pL1HKL1H nonyYL-~n CBOVi nepBbiVi op,o.eH.KpaCHOro 3HaMeHL1. V1 BOT YTO B HeC\ rOBOpL-!TCs:l: 24 CeHTR6pR

1919 r., KOr,aa Ha,D, ,!J,BIIIHCKOM nORBIIIfliiiCb 3 a3ponnaHa

npOTIIIBHIIIKa C ~eflb/0 HaneTa Ha a::JpO,apOM Ill a3pOCTaT
KpaCHbtx, W111p111HKIIIH, 6blcTpo no,aHRBWIIICb no.a ClllflbHbtM
OrHeM C CaMOfleTOB npOTIIIBHIIIKa, aTaKOBan CHaLfana O,aHOro, 3aTeM ,apyroro, 3aCTaBIIIB 111x yf;im, a TpeTIIIM ywen caM.
TeM caMbtM cnac Haw a3pocTaT 111 He .aan ,aoaeCTIII pa3ae.aKY ,ao KOH~a.
KaK BL-~AL-~Te, B TeKcTe peyb He L-~AeT o c6L-~TbiX L-~nL-~ XOTS'l
6bl noA6L-~TbiX caMoneTax. TaKL-~M o6pa3oM, Ha B03AYWHOC\
no6eAe WL1pL1HKL1Ha MO>KHO 6blnO 6bl nOCTaBL-~Tb KpeCT, OTHeCs:l ee K pa3ps:lAY MHOrOYL1CneHHbiX aBL-~aLJ,L-IOHHbiX ML-1<f>OB. 0AHaKo n03AHee K HaM B PYKL-1 nonanL-~ BblnL-~CKL-1 L-13
AHeBHL-~Ka OAHOrO L-13 WBeACKL-IX HaeMHL-IKOB, cny>KL-~BWero
OCeHbiO 1919-ro B nL-~TOBCKOVi aBL-~aLJ,L-~L-1. 0H nL-~WeT, YTO
L-~MeHHO 24 ceHTs:l6ps:l TPL-1 nL-~TOBCKL-~x caMoneTa (OAL-~H L-~3
HL-~x nL-~noTL-~posan wBeA O.Aanb6eK) AeVicTBL-~TenbHO 6blnL-~
aTaKOBaHbl 60nbWeBL1CTCKL1ML1 L1CTpe6L-~Tens:lML1 ( Ha CaMOM Aene L1CTpe6L-~Tenb 6bln TOnbKO OAL1H, HO npOCTL-IM aBTOpy ,O.HeBHL-~Ka 3TY ManeHbKYIO HeTOYHOCTb). npL-1 3TOM
OAL-IH CaMoneT 6bln C6L1T (TOYHee- nOA6L1T), HO cyMen nepeTs:lHYTb yepe3 nL-~HL-110 !f>pOHTa L1 COBepWL-!Tb BbiHy>t<AeH::~'!:J nocaAKY. TaKL-~M o6pa30M, OAHa no6eAa B 3TOM 6o10 y

WL1pL1HKL1Ha BCe-TaKL-1 6blna, XOTS'l, B03MO>KHO, CaM OH 06

3TOM L1 He AOraAbiBancs:l.
no,o.6L-~Tb1Vi nL-~TOBCKL-~Vi asponnaH CTan y>t<e YeTsepmC\
B03AYWHOVI no6eAOVi WL1pL1HKL1Ha. nepBble TpL-1 OH OAep>t<an ew,e Ha <f>pOHTax ML-~posoVI soVIHbl, npL-~YeM caMyiO
nepByiO - B KaYeCTBe neTYL1Ka-Ha6niOAaTens:l, C6L1B repMaHCKL1Vi asponnaH L-~3 TypenbHoro nyneMeTa. Ho 3Be3,o.Hb1Vi YaC 3TOrD 6e3yCnOBHO TanaHTnL-IBOrD nL-~nOTa HaCTynL-~T n03AHee, o YeM Mbl paccKa>t<eM B cneAy10w,eVI rnase.
Me>K,~J,y TeM, B OKTS'l6pe Ae3epTL1pOBanL1 ew,e ABOe KpacHbiX neTYL-~KoB. 6biBwL-~e npanopw,L-~KL-1 VlsaH nonos L1 neTp
6aKnaHOB L-13 44-ro pa3BeAOTps:lAa nepeneTenL-1 Ha CBOL-IX
HbiOnopax B nonbwy. ct:>oToCHL-~MKL-1 nonoBcKoro L1CTpe6L-~Tens:l c nbiWHOTenoVI o6Ha>KeHHOVi AaMoVI, L-~3o6pa>KeH
HOVi Ha 6opry <f>103ens:l>Ka, o6ownL-~ see nonbCKL-~e ra3eTbl.
A B HOs:l6pe C HaCTynneHL-~eM XOnOAOB 6oeBble AeViCTBL-Is:l
COBeTCKOVi aBL-~aLJ,L-~L-1 <f>aKTL-!YeCKL-1 npeKpaTL-~nL-~Cb.

***
Co cTopoHbl nons:lKOB Ha nL-~TOBCKo-6enopyccKoM yyacTKe <f>pOHTa AeViCTBOBanL-1 3KL1na>KL1 1-C\, 4-C\, 8-C\ L1 11-C\
pa3BeAb1BaTenbHbiX aBL-~a3cKaAp, a TaK>Ke- nepe6poweHHOi-1 L-13 ct:>paHU,L-IL-1 582-C\ 3CKaApb1 <<CanbMCOHOB. L!L-~cneH
HOCTb 3TL1X no,o.pa3AeneHL1C\, 3a L1CKniOYeHL1eM 582-C\ 3CKaAPbl, 6b1na HesenL-~Ka. K npL-~Mepy, B cepeAL-~He L-~IOHS'l B 1-Vi
scKaApe HaCYL-~TbiBanocb wecTb caMoneToB, B 4-C\- TPL-1,
B 8-C\ - YeTblpe L1 B 11-C\ - ABa.
HaL-~6onee 6oecnoco6HoVI CYL-~Tanacb 582-s:l 3CKaApa,
neTaBWas:l Ha OTHOCL1TenbHO HOBbiX MaWL-~HaX L1 YaCTL-IYHO
yKoMnneKTOBaHHas:l <f>paHu,y3CKL1M nepcoHanoM. Ho L-~MeH
HO Ha 3To noApa3AeneHL-~e npL-~wnacb L1 nepsas:l noTeps:l
nonbcKL-~x BBC B soVIHe c coBeTcKoVi PoccL-~eVi. 19 asryCTa
Ha COBeTCKOVi TeppL1TOpL1L1 COBepwL-~n BbiHy>K,IJ,eHHYIO noCaAKY <<CanbMCOH, OYeBL-~AHO, nOA6L1TbiVi 3eHL1THbiM OrHeM. B nneH nonan neTYL-~K BL-~KTOp BonbCKL-~Vi (6biBWL-~Vi nL-~
noT 1-1-1 6oesol-1 aBL-~arpynnbl Ka3aKosa) L1 <f>paHu,y3CKL11.1
neTHa6 Paynb ct:>op (no ApyrL-~M AOKyMeHTaM - ct:>openb).
BonbcKoro snocneACTBL-~L-1 paccTpens:lnL-~ B cMoneHCKOM
L!K, a <f>paHLJ,y3a no OKOHYaHL1L1 6oeBbiX AeViCTBL1Vi OTnYCTL-1nL-~ Ha POAL-~Hy.
Ltepe3 AeHb 582-s:l scKaApa noHecna ew,e OAHY noTepiO.
BeYepOM L13-3a OCTaHOBKL-1 MOTOpa Ha TeppL1TOpL1L1 KpacHbiX cen <<CanbMCOH A2 NQ4372. neTYL-~KL-1 nonbiTanL-~Cb
CaMOCTOs:lTenbHO L1CnpaBL1Tb nOBpe>K,[J,eHL-Is:l, HO L-IM 3TO He
y,o.anocb, L1 OHL-1 3aHOYeBanL-~ B 6nL-~>KaViweVI AepeBHe. HayTpo OHL-1 CKpblnL-~Cb, 6pOCL1B MaWL-~Hy.
Ha cne,o.yiOw,L-~Vi AeHb Tpo<PeVIHbiVI annapaT nOYL-~HL-~nL-1 L1
neperHanL-1 Ha COBeTCKL-!Vi a3pOApOM, KOTOpbiC\ HaXOAL-~nCs:l
scero B ceML-~ sepcTax oT MecTa nocaAKL-1 nons:lKOB. Ho y>t<e
23 asrycTa neTYL-~K nL-~oHTKOBCKL-~Vi pa36L-~n BApe6e3rL-~
<f>paHLJ,y3CKYIO MaWL-~Hy, Bpe3aBWL1Cb L13-3a BHe3anHOrO
OTKa3a ABL-~raTens:l B aHrap-nanaTKy. CaM oH noYTL-1 He noCTPaAan, HO npL-~ asapL-~L-1 6bln yHL-~YTO>KeH ew,e L1 CTOs:lBWL-~Vi
B aHrape <<HbiOnop. npL-~YL-~HOVi cnyYL-~Bwerocs:l nocYL-~TanL-~
HeKaYeCTBeHHbiC\ 6eH3L1H 2-ro COpTa, KOTOpbiC\, 3a HeL-~Me
HL-!eM nyYwero, HanL-~nL-~ B 6aKL-~ <<CanbMCOHa.
B L-~IOHe 3KL-~na>KL-~ 4-C\ nonbcKoVI 3CKMPbl 6oM6L-~nL1 6enopyccKL-~e ropoAKL-1 Mono,o.eYHO L1 BL-~neVIKa, a 21 YL-~cna
c6pocL-~nL1 150 Kr 6oM6 Ha >Kene3HOAOpO>KHbiVi BOK3an B
ML-~HCKe. 2 L1 3 L-~IOns:l nons:lKL-1 ns:lTL-~KpaTHO 6oM6L-~nL1 ropOA
nL-~Aa. 5 L110ns:l COCTOs:lnCs:l HaL-~6onee KpynHbiC\ HaneT: CaMOneTbl 8-Vi scKaAPbl c6pocL-~nL1 350 Kr 6oM6 Ha napoBo3Hoe
,O.eno L1 WTa6 COBeTCKL-IX BOViCK B MeCTeYKe nyHL-~HeLJ,.
B HaYane asrycTa Ha <f>poHT npL-~6blna 2-s:l <<BenL-~Kononb
CKas:l 3CKaApa, COCTOS'lW,as:l L-13 ypo>KeHLJ,eB 3anaAHbiX
paViOHOB nonbWL-1 L1 BOOpy>t<eHHas:l HeMeLJ,KOVi TeXHL-IKOC\.
6oeBbiM Kpew,eHL-~eM 3TOC\ 3CKaApbl CTan HaneT ns:lTL-1 3KL1na>KeC\ Ha ML1HCKL1Vi >Kene3HOAOPO>KHbiVi y3en, COCTOs:lBWL1ViCs:l 6 asrycTa. nons:lKL-1 YTBep>KAanL-~, YTO npL-~ HaneTe
6blno YHL-~YTO>KeHo ABa napoBo3a, nospe>t<AeH 6poHeno-

e3,0. L1 80 MHOrL-IX MeCTax pa3pyweHbl penbCOBble nYTL-1. HO

3TOT ycnex 6bln onnaYeH u,eHoCi o,o.Horo caMoneTa, c6L-~
Toro 3eHL-~THoC1 apTL-~nnepL-~eCi. 3KL-~na)l(y B cocTase cep)l(aHTOB ~L-~nL-~nn~Ka L1 KocTpo y,o.anocb noca,o.L-~Tb nospe)I(,IJ,eHHYIO MaWL-~HY L1 CKpbiTbC~. TonbKO yepe3 He,o.eniO
OHL-1 BepHynL-~Cb Ha CBOCi a3po,O.pOM, r,o.e L-IX y)l(e C4L1TanL1
norL-~6WL1ML1.

11 asryCTa non~KL-1 3axBaTL-~nL1 ML-~HCK. B ,o.anbHeCiweM

2-Ci 3CKa,o.pb1 HaHocL-~nL-~ 6oM60Bble y,o.apbl no coBeTCKL-~M yKpenneHL-I~M BOKpyr 6o6pyCicKa, 3a KOTOpbiCi B
KoHu,e Mec~u,a wnL-~ O)l(eCTOYeHHble 6oL-~. 29 asrycTa KpacHble OCTaBL-~nL-1 L1 3TOT ropo,o..
B ceHT~6pe cppoHT cTa6L-~nL-~3L-~posanc~ L1 Ha3eMHble 6oeBble ,o.eCicTBL-1~ npeKpaTL-~nL-~cb. Ho B B03Ayxe nonbCKa~
asL-~au,L-~~ no-npe)I(HeMy npo~sn~na aKTL-~BHOCTb, nonb3y~cb
OTCYTCTBL-~eM npOTL-IBO,O.eCicTBL-1~ CO CTOpOHbl COBeTCKL-IX
BBC. 6onee Toro, non~KL-1 npo,o.on)l(anL-~ Hapall\L-~BaTb cso10
asL-~au,L-~OHHYIO rpynnL-~poBKy. B ceHT~6pe Ha cppoHT npL-~6bl
na 1-~ BenL-~KononbcKa~>> 3cKa,o.pa, cosepwL-~Bwa~ 3a Mec~u, 20 6oeBbiX BblneTOB. EAL-~HCTBeHHa~ noTep~ 3a 3TOT
nepL-~0,0. HOCL-~na B 06Ll\eM-TO cnyyaCiHbiCi xapaKTep. 3KL1na)l( PyMnnepa>> C-7 L-13 COCTaBa 1-Ci 3CKa,[J,pbl 3aMeTL1n BO
BpeM~ pa3Be,O.KL1 KaKOCi-TO nexOTHbiCi OTP~A L1 pewL-~n Bbi~CHL1Tb ero npL-~Ha,o.ne)I(HOCTb. CHL13L1BWL1Cb, YT06bl KaK
cne,o.yeT paccMoTpeTb MYHAL-~Pbl con,o.aT, non~KL-1 HanoponL-~Cb>> Ha BL1HTOB04Hble 3annbl. O,o.Ha L-~3 nynb BbiKniOYL-~na>>
MOTOp PyMnnepa>>, L1 neT4L1KY npL-~WnOCb Ca,[l,L1TbC~ Ha COBeTCKOCi TeppL1TOpL1L1. KaK L1 B npe,O.biAYLl\eM cnyyae, 3KL1na)l(y y,o.anocb 6e)l(aTb, a caMoneT ,o.oCTanc~ pyccKL-~M.
8 OKT~6pe 1-~ L1 2-~ 3CKa,o.pbl BblnOnHL-~nL-1 B 06Ll\eM CYeTe 64 6oeBbiX BblneTa, c6pOCL1B Ha n03L1LJ,L1L1 COBeTCKL-IX
BOCiCK L1 TblnOBble 06beKTbl CBbiWe 2000 Kr 60M6. 3aTeM B
nonbCKOCi aBL-~aLJ,L-~L-1, TaK )l(e, KaK L1 B COBeTCKOCi, HacrynL-~n
nepL-~OA cna,o.a 6oesoei aKTL-~BHOCTL-1, npo,o.on)l(aBwL-~Cic~ ,o.o
BeCHbl 1920-ro. npoL13BO,O.L1nL1Cb TOnbKO pe,o.KL-~e pa3Be,O.biBaTenbHble noneTbl, so speM~ o,o.Horo L-~3 KOTOpbiX ( 15 ,o.eKa6p~) 6bln c6L-~T L1 nonan B nneH 3KL-~na)l( 1-Ci 3CKa,IJ,pbl:
no,o.nopyYL-~KL-1 10KL-~BL1K L1 KapYeBcKL-~Ci. 3To 6blna nocne,o.H~~ noTep~ nonbcKL-~X BBC B 1919 ro,o.y.
3KL-~na)I(L-~

***

8 1918 ro,o.y 6biBWa~ CTOnL-~u,a POCCL1L1 - neTporpa,o. He

L-~CnbiTbiBana np~Moei yrpo3bl spa)l(ecKoro HawecTBL-1~.
80CT04Hblei L1 fO)I(HbiCi cppOHTbl 6blnL1 COBCeM ,o.aneKO, a 3ana,[l,Hblei nocne 3aKniOYeHL-~~ 6pecTcKoro ML-~pa npespaTL-~n
c~ B OTHOCL1TenbHO cnOKOCiHyiO ,o.eMapKaLJ,L-~OHHYIO nL-~HL-110.
Ho c KpyweHL-~eM repMaHCKOCi L1MnepL1L1 L1 YXOAOM HeMu,eB
L-~3 3cTOHL1L1 nono)l(eHL-~e L13MeHL-~nocb. BMeCTO Kaei3eposCKL1X BOCiCK Ha 6anTL1KY npL-~WnL-1 aHrnL-~YaHe. V1 XOT~ 3,0.eCb,
B OTnL14L1e OT cesepa L-~nL-1 lOra POCCL-IL-1, L-IHTepBeHTbl He BbiCa)I(L-~BanL-1 KpynHbiX Ha3eMHbiX KOHTL1HreHTOB, MOLl\HbiCi aHrnL-~CiCKL-!Ci cpnOT, B COCTaB KOTOpOrO BXO,O.L-~na L1 rL-~,o.poaBL-~a
LJ,L-1~, npe,o.cTaBn~n cepbe3HYIO onacHOCTb ,o.n~ KpacHoro
nL-~Tepa>>.

BecHoC11919-ro Ha TeppL-~TOpL-~L-1 3cTOHL1L1 npL-~ aKTL-~BHOM

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reHepana Po,o.3~HKO. B Mae 3Ta apML-1~ npe,o.npL-~H~na HaCTynneHL-~e Ha neTpOrpa,o. L-1, HeCMOTp~ Ha CBOIO Man04L1CneHHOCTb (scero OKono 6 Tblc. YenoseK), ,o.o6L-~nacb cepbe3HbiX ycneXOB. 6enorBap,o.eCiLJ,bl B3~nL1 ncKOB, ~M6ypr L1 K
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TaK)I(e YaCTL-1 6anTL1CiCKOrO cpnOTa L1 COWe,O.WL-Ie Ha 6eper
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6blno a3ponnaHOB, a aHrnL-~YaHe ell\e HL-1 pa3y He noKa3biBanL-~cb B He6e Ha,o. 6anTL-~KOCi, B KOHLJ,e anpen~ c 3ana,o.Horo
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B KOHu,e L-~IOH~ 6bln cosepweH rpynnosoei HaneT BOCbML-1
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3TL1X cpopTOB OTKpbiBan 6enbiM np~MYIO ,o.opory Ha neTpOrpa,o., n03TOMy 60nbWeBL1KL1 npL1H~nL1 3KCTpeHHble Mepbl K
no,o.aBneHL-110 BOCCTaHL-1~. 3Ha~ 0 MOLl\HbiX yKpenneHL-I~X
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7 TbiC. CTanbHbiX CTpen.
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C KpaCHOi1 rOpKL-1>> 6blnO c,o.enaHO HeCKOnbKO opy,o.L-~CiHbiX
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B03M0)1(H0CTL1 KOppeKTL-~pOBaTb orOHb, BOCCTaBWL-Ie BCKOpe npeKpaTL-~nL-~ o6cTpen rL-~,o.po6a3bl.
BeyepoM 15 L-~IOH~ rapHL130Hbl M~Te)I(Hblx cpopToB, He
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16-ro pa3sam1Hbl KpacHOCi ropKW> L1 Cepoei nowa,D,w

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nL-~HKOpbl L1 nnas6a3a no,D,SO,D,HbiX no,D,OK (6blswee yL~e6Hoe
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cj:loKyc He y)J,anc51. Opy!J,L-~CiHble pacLieTbl ML-~HOHocu,a laspL-~L-~n, )J,e>KypL-~swero y SXO)J,a S 6yxTy, csoespeMeHHO o6Hapy>KL-~nL1 KaTepa L1 OTKpblnL-1 no HL-IM npL-~U,enbHbiCi OrDHb.
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nnasy. 6oM6bl rL-~!J,ponnaHos soo6w,e He npL-~LIL-~HL-~nL-1 HL-~Ka
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y!J,anocb c6L-~Tb HL-1 O!J.HOro a3ponnaHa.
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SO!J.51 3TOT 3nL130)J,, OH CCblnaeTC51 Ha KHL-~ry !J,pyroro aSTOpa, n.M.WL-~WOSa, C xapaKTepHbiM Ha3BaHL1eM Ha 3ape
COSeTCKOCi asL-~aU,L-IW>.
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npo CTOnb rpOMKL-!Ci ycnex KpaCHbiX neTLIL-IKOS He CKa3aHO
HL-1 cnosa. 5onee Toro, TaM soo6w,e HL-~Liero He rosopL-~TC51
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npe)J,CTasneHbl 6yKsanbHO see 6oesble SblneTbl C yKa3aHL1eM nOCTaBneHHOCi 3a)J,aLIL1, )J,aTbl, speMeHL-1 L1 pe3ynbTaTOS. HL-~Liero He 3Han 0 HaneTe Ha BL1HIJ,L1KTL1S )J,a>Ke KOMaH!J,L1p rL-~)J,poasL-~au,L-~L-~ A.n.OHycj:lpL-~es. B ero socnoML-~
HaHL-~51X 60pb6a 3a neTporpa)J, (L13)J,. 1923 r.) 6ecnone3HO L-ICKaTb XOTb KaKOe-TO ynOML1HaHL-~e 06 3TOM C06biTL1L1,
XOT51 TaM OTpa>KeHbl L1 ropa3)J,O 6onee MenKL-~e 6oeBble
3nL130!J.bl.
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HanpaCHO 3Ty CKa3KY nepeCKa3anL1 aSTOpbi-COCTaSL-~TenL-1
COnL-I)J,HOrO HayLIHOrD Tpy!J,a 5oesa51 neTOnL-!Cb SOeHHOMOpCKOrO cpnOTa 1917-1941, L13)J,aHHOrD S 1993 rO)J,Y,
A COSCeM He)J,aSHO, y>Ke B 1996-M, ee S OLiepe)J,HOCi pa3

6blfll1 Tl1na MypOMU,eB. nocKOJlbKy BHI/1l1'1BHe He OmpaBflfl/111 HB EiBJ1Tl1KY MHOIO-

MOTOpHbiX MBWVIH, CKOpee acero KpOHWTa,D,T 60M6l1Jll1 WOpTbl-184, 'lbl1 pa3Mepbl ( OC06eHHO- pa3MBX KpblflbeB) CpaBHVIMbl C ra6apl1TBML1 /11!1bl1 MypoMu,an.

** BepORTHO, 0HyC/Jpl1eB VIMe/1 B BVI,D,Y KpOBBBOe nO,D,BBJleHVIe C/JVIHCKOM peB0/1/0U,VIVI BeCHOill 1918 I.

n epe n~ can

A .M .A p Te Mbes s KH~re M opcKa~ as ~ au~ ~

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B or SbiAep>t<Ka V13 r a 3eTbl BecTHVlK C esepo-3anaAHOII1
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SOCCTa HOSneHVltO. Ha 3TOM 3aKOH4Vlnaeb KOpOTKa5l VleTOpVl ~ a s VlaU.Vl Vl C esepo- 3an aAHOII1 apMV1V1.

** *
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npVlXOA~TCfl Ha eyxonyrHytO aBVlaU.VltOI npVlM.aST.), B KO TOpblX Y48CTBOB8fl0 19 a nna p aTOB, n p M4eM C6paCbiB8flM
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A Ha cneAYtOI..li.VlVI AeHb He sepHynacb c 3MaHV1fl ner a tOL.lJ.a5l nop,Ka M-20 n VlnOTa Te xrenfl V1 Me xaHV1Ka 6 axsan o sa.
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7111

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neT'IIIIK Kapn TexTenb 111 MexaHIIIK AneKcaH,ap 5axaanoa.
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K 6enoraap,aei1u,aM, a 3aTeM 6111n111 woMnonaMIII, o6ofiiM BbtKononfll ma3a. fl1cTep3aHHbte, HO He nOKOpiiiBWIIIBCR, OHIII
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6anmVicKoro noTa 3a BpeMH c 15 OKTH6pH no 2 HOH6pH 1919 r., B KOTOpOVi CKa3aHO: Ynan B
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B nocneAH~x mcnax OKTH6pH KpacHaH aB~au,~H noHecna HOBble noTep~: 28-ro np~ B03Bpaw,eH~~ c pa3BeAK~
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BCeMy, A06pOBOnbHO nepeneTen K 6enbiM, nOCKOnbKY B
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OTKYAa B 1922-M nepe6pancH B V1cnaH~IO. Ho caMoe ~HTe
pecHoe, YTO ~e B 1936 rOAY, KOrAa B Ha n~peHeViCKOM nonyoCTpOBe BCnbiXHyna rpa)t<AaHCKaH BOV!Ha, Par03~H CTan
m1YHbiM n~nOTOM rnaBbl nOBCTaHLJ,eB-HaLJ,~OHan~CTOB reHepana cDpaHKO!
Bcero )Ke, no AaHHbiM 60eBoVI neTon~c~ BoeHHo-MopCKoro noTa>>, KpacHble noTepHn~ B 6oHx c IOAeH~YeM 12
caMoneToB (V1BaHoB, a BcneA 3a H~M ApTeMbeB np~BOAHT
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3a nep~OA C ceHTH6pH no HOH6pb 1919-ro KpacHaH
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c6poc~n~ Ha npon1BH~Ka 6onee 7400 Kr 6oM6, 9 TbiC.
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n~>>

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3onoTbiM~ yacaM~.

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YTO ew,e OA~H caMoneT c6~T 3eH~THOVi apT~nnep~eVI KpenOCT~ 17 CeHTH6pH ~ TaiOKe ynan B BOAbl ~HCKOro 3an~
Ba. AHrn~YaHe, npaBAa, o~u,~anbHO np1113HaiOT noTepiO
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as&-~al.4&-~51 Ha YKpa&-~He 6b1na Ha nops:~AOK cna6ee, 4eM s 6e-

cc3c&-~<j:>a~<j:>aM&-~, cosepw&-~n&-~ HecKonbKO noneros Ha pa3seAKY. OcranbHble npoAOn>Kan&-~ rpeH&-~posK&-~, HO nonHoCTbiO 3asepw&-~Tb &-~x raK 1-1 He ycnen&-~. KorAa 20 Mas:~ as&-~a
rpynny 1-~ KoHHO~ nepe6poc&-~n&-~ Ha np&-~<j:>poHroso~ aaPOAPOM noA YMaHbiO, s He~ Hac4&-~Tblsanocb scero 6 6oerorosblx 3K&-~na>Ke~.

3blsaeMas:~ llepsas:~ neTYHbCKas:~ corHs:~ ran&-~1.4&-~~cKo~

nopycc&-~&-~.

***
nons:~K&-~ HaHecn&-~

lt1 np&-~wencs:~ oH no Ha&-~6onee cna6oMy, yKpa&-~HCKOMY y4aCTKY <j:>poHra. 25 an pens:~

4aCT&-1 2-~, 3-~ 1-1 6-~ nOnbCK&-IX apM&-1~ COSMeCTHO C nemiOpOSI_4aM&-1 AS&-~Hyn&-~Cb Ha SOCTOK. 3Ha4&-~TenbHO YCTYnasw&-~e
l-IM no 41-!CneHHOCT&-1 SO~CKa 12-~ apM&-11-1 6bln&-~ MrHOSeHHO paaAasneHbl. Onepal.4&-~51 npOAOn>Kanacb scero 10 AHe~.
3a aro speMs:~ nons:~K&-~ 3aHs:~n&-~ KopocreHb, :>K&-~TOM&-~p, 8&-~H
H&-~u,y 1-1, HaKoHeu,, K&-~es. KpacHble no4T&-~ 6e3 conpor&-~sne
H&-~51 OTCTYn&-~n&-~ 3a AHenp.
nonbCKI-1~ 6n&-~u,Kp&-~r COnpOSO)I(AaflCs:! Wl-lpOK&-IM npi-1MeHeH&-~eM as&-~au,&-~&-~. CaMoneTbl 2-ro, 3-ro 1-1 5-ro A&-~S&-~3&-~
oHos (scero 8 acKaAP) 6oM6&-~n&-~ yKpa&-~HCK&-~e ropoAa,
WTYPMOSan&-~ OTXOAs:!W,I-Ie KOnOHHbl COSeTCKI-IX SO~CK 1-1 >Kene3HOAOPO>KHble cocrasbl. Oco6y10 aKT&-~SHOCTb npos:~s&-~n&-~
aMep&-~KaH1_4bl 1-13 7-~ 3CKaApb1 &-~MeHI-1 KOCTIOWKO, cosepwasw&-~e no HeCKOnbKY 6oeSbiX SblneTOS e>KeAHeSHO.
Bo speMs:~ WTYPMOSK&-~ KpacHoapMe~cK&-~X no3&-~1.4&-~~ noA
6epA&-~4esoM nony4&-~n cepbe3Hble nospe>KAeH&-~51 Anb6arpoc ne~reHaHra KnapKa. ner4&-~K c 6onbW&-~M TPYAOM AOrs:~Hyn AO aapoApOMa. BcKope Apyro~ aMep&-~KaHcK&-~~ sonoHrep - ne~reHaHT Hoy6n 6bln paHeH s&-~HTOS04HO~ nyne~ s PYKY HeKoropble 3K&-~na>K&-~ raK>Ke np&-~S03&-~n&-~ c 3aAaH&-~~ npo60&-~Hbl OT PY>Ke~HO-nyneMeTHOrO OrHs:l, HO S 06Ll.leM HI-I OAI-IH nOnbCK&-1~ CaMoneT He 6bln C6&-~T 3a 3TI-1 AHI-1.
BHe3anHoe HanaAeH&-~e 3acrano as&-~a1.4&-~IO 12-~ apM&-~&-~
spacnnox. 9-~ pa3SeAb1SaTenbHbl~ 1-1 1-~ ran&-~1_41-!~CKI-1~
as&-~aOTps:!Abl Y>Ke 27 anpens:~ oKa3an&-~cb orpe3aHbl or ocHosHbiX C&-~n Ha CTaH1_41-!I-1 Ka3aT&-~H. TonbKO Tpi-1 CaMoneTa6paHAeH6yprcc, DFW 1-1 HbiOnop - ycnen&-~ S3nererb
npe)I(Ae, 4eM nonbCK&-~e COnAaTbl sopsan&-~Cb Ha aapOApOM.
Bee ocranbHble MaW&-~Hbl 6b1n1-1 3axsa4eHbl npor&-~sH&-~KOM,
1-1 OTps:!Abl <j:>aKT&-~4eCK&-1 npeKpaT&-~nl-1 cyw,eCTBOSaH&-~e.
8 Kpi-ITI-14eCKO~ CI-ITYaU,&-~1-1 OTnl-141-!nCs:! neT4&-IK 21-ro pa3SeAOTps:!Aa Myx&-~H. Ha eA&-~HcrseHHOM &-~cnpasHOM caMonere OTps:!Aa OH HeOAHOKpaTHO Sblneran SO Spa>KeCKI-1~
Tbln Afls:l ycraHosneH&-~51 css:~3&-~ c OKPY>KeHHbiM&-~ rpynn&-~pos
KaM&-~ COSeTCK&-IX SO~CK. 30 anpens:~ Myx&-~H Sb1Se3 1-13 OKpy>KeH&-~51 KOM&-~ccapa 12-~ apM&-~&-~ Mypanosa, a 5 Mas:~, KOrAa
s K&-~ese Y>Ke wn&-~ yn&-~4Hble 6o&-~ - cyMen Sblse3T&-~ &-~3 ropoAa caMoro <<KOMaHAapMa-12 Me>KeH&-~Hosa. 10 Mas:~ Myx&-~H
c nerHa6oM nay3epoM c6poc&-~n&-~ 6oM6bl Ha nonbcK&-~~ aaPOAPOM s nocr-BonbiHCKOM. 3a ar&-~ noneTbl as&-~arop 6bln
Harpa)I(AeH OpAeHOM <<KpacHOrO 3HaMeHW>.
3a HeAeniO AO nonbcKoro HaCTYnneH&-~51 nonY41-1na np&-~
Ka3 nepe6a3&-~posarbcs:~ Ha IOro-3anaAHbl~ <j:>poHT as&-~al.4&-~51
1-~ KoHHO~ apM&-~&-~ 6yAeHHoro s cocrase 24-ro, 36-ro v.
41-ro pa3seAOTP51AOS. CosceM HeAasHo ar&-~M orps:~AaM
nepeAam1 rpo<j:>e~HYIO aHrn&-~~CKYIO as&-~arexH&-~Ky, 3axsa4eHHYIO 6yAeHHOSL4aM&-~ s TaraHpore 1-1 Hosopocc&-~~cKe.
lt13-3a HexsarK&-~ speMeH&-~ 1-1 6eH3&-~Ha caMoneTbl ew,e He
6bln&-~ KaK cneAyeT OCSOeHbl neTHbiM COCTaSOM.
B Ha4ane Mas:~ 24-~ 1-1 41-~ PAO np&-~6bln&-~ Ha aapOAPOM y
craHu,&-~&-~ rno6&-~Ho, K cesepy or KpeMeH4yra. OrciOAa n&-~
noTbl, Y>Ke Hay4&-~sw&-~ecs:~ ynpasns:~rb Ae Xas&-~nneHAaMW> 1-1
43aK. 207

YAap

nepsblM&-~.

***

CosceM &-~Has:~ Kapr&-~Ha cKnaAblsanacb Ha 3anaAHOM

<j:>poHre. 3Aecb cosercK&-~e ner4&-~K&-~ cpa3y Aan&-~ npor&-~SH&-~
KY cepbe3Hbl~ omop. Y>Ke s anpene KOMaHA&-~P CnasHeHcKo~ as&-~arpynnbl W&-~p&-~HK&-~H HecKonbKO pa3 Sb1neran Ha
nepexsar spa>KecK&-~x caMoneros, He Aasas:~ &-~M np&-~1_4enbHO
c6pacblsarb 6oM6bl. Ho S03AYWHbiX no6eA noKa He 6b1no.
nons:!KI-1 SCs:!KI-1~ pa3 YXOAI-Inl-1, nonb3Ys:!Cb npe&-~Myw,ecTSOM
S CKOpOCT&-1.
17 anpens:~ 4 nonbcK&-~x 6oM6apA&-~posw,&-~Ka &-~3 14-~ acKaAPbl cosepw&-~n&-~ Haner Ha aapOAPOM s CnasHOM. Ha
none S TOT MOMeHT CTOS'ln TOnbKO OAI-IH rOTOSbl~ K 6010
<<HbiOnop W&-~p&-~HK&-~Ha. HecMorps:~ Ha 4&-~cneHHoe npesocxoAcrso npor&-~sH&-~Ka, KpacHbl~ neT4&-~K S3neren, AOrHan
OAHOrO 1-13 nons:!KOS 1-1 C paCCTOs:!HI-151 30 MeTpOS Aan MeTKYIO 04epeAb. KorAa OH 3aflO>K&-~n s&-~pa>K Afls:! nosropHO~
araK&-~, Ha &-~crpe6&-~rene rpecHyn nononaM rnasHbl~ noH>KepoH neso~ H&-~>KHe~ nnocKocr&-~. W&-~p&-~HK&-~H KaK&-~M-TO
4YAOM cyMen nocaA&-~Tb annapar c nonyoropsaHHbiM KpblnoM. nons:~KaM 1-1 Ha aror pa3 YAanocb y~r&-~, Ho no so3spaw,eH&-~&-~ Ha caMonere noAnopy4&-~Ka 3eM6&-~HcKoro Hac4&-~
ran&-~ HeMano npo6o&-~H.
A 1 Mas:~ W&-~p&-~HK&-~H c rpeMs:~ APYr&-~M&-~ n&-~noraM&-~ csoe~
acKaAp&-~llb&-~- 6yposbiM, Ky3&-~HbiM 1-1 Co6onesb1M- araKosan ASYXMeCTHbl~ pa3SeA41-1K (sepOs:!THO, ccXanb6epwTaAT &-~ni-l cc3nb<j:>ayre) HaA AepesHe~ 60nbW&-~e HerHeS&-141-1. Spar nbiTancs:~ y~T&-~ n&-~K&-~posaH&-~eM, Kpyro CH&-~>Ka
s:!Cb C 1100 AO 50 MeTpOS, HO I-ICTpe6&-~Ten&-~ 1_4enKO Aep>Kan&-~Cb y Hero Ha XSOCTe 1-1 sen&-~ OrOHb C 6n&-~3KO~ AI-ICTaH1.41-11-1. no3AHee KOMaHAI-IP 3CKaAp&-~nb&-~ Han&-~can S OT4eTe,
4TO Ka)I(Abl~ SblnYCT&-~n no HeCKOnbKY 04epeAe~ C paCCTOs:!HI-151 15-20 MeTpOS. np&-~ 3TOM neTHa6 spa>KeCKO~ MaW&-~
Hbl 6bln, 04eS&-~AHO, y6&-~T &-~ni-l Ts:l>Keno paHeH, TaK KaK ero
nyneMeT CTOS'ln HenOASI-I>KHO, a S Sb1pe3e Ka6&-~Hbl H&-IKOrO
He 6b1n0 SI-!AHO.
B KOHL4e KOHL40S &-~3pewe4eHHbl~ nyns:~M&-~ aaponnaH see
>Ke nepeTs:!Hyn Ha SbiCOTe HeCKOnbK&-IX MeTpOs 4epe3 n&-~
H&-110 <j:>poHra, HO ryr, no cnosaM o4eS&-~Au,es, sepxHee
KpblnO y Hero CnO>K&-~nOCb, OTOpSaSW&-!Cb OT nepe6&-~
TbiX croeK, 1-1 annapar pyxHyn nnawMs:~ Ha scnaxaHHoe
none. naAeH&-~e caMonera noArsepA&-~n&-~ Ha3eMHble so~
cKa 1-1 MecrHble >K&-~ren&-~. CornacHo nonbCK&-~M AaHHbiM,
3K&-~na>K see >Ke ocrancs:~ >K&-~s, HO caMoner 6bln nospe>KAeH HaCTOnbKO, 4TO rpe6osan cepbe3HOrO 3aSOACKOfO
peMOHTa.
neT4&-~K&-~ 6ypos, Ky3&-~H 1-1 Co6ones nony4&-~n&-~ opAeHa
KpaCHOfO 3HaMeHW>, a W&-~pi-IHKI-!Hy, y KOTOporo OpAeH
Y>Ke 6bm, rnasKoM Tpo1.4K1-1~ n&-~4HO spy4&-~n 50000 py6ne~ 1-1
no4eTHOe HarpaAHOe OPY>KI-Ie. 8 TOT >Ke AeHb CnY4&-~nC51
Apyro~. ropa3AO MeHee np&-~s:~THbl~ Afls:l 6onbwes&-~Kos,
an&-~30A. '-leTblpe ccHbiOnopa Sblneren&-~ Afls:l pa36pacblsaH&-~51 n&-~CTOSOK HaA ropOAOM 6op&-~COS. BepHyn&-~Cb Tpi-1. n&-~
nOT A6aKaHOS&-~4 nponan 6e3 seer&-~. no3>Ke Sbls:ICH&-~nocb,
4TO A6aKaHOS&-~4, nons:~K no Hau,&-~oHanbHOCTI-1, npocro-Hanpocro nepeneren K cso&-~M conneMeHH&-~KaM. Kcrar&-~, aro
6bln eA&-~HCTSeHHbl~ CnY4a~ npeAaTenbCTSa S KpaCHO~
as&-~a'-4&-~&-~ 3a secb 1920 roA.
8 Mae S03AYWHa51 60pb6a Ha 6enopyCCKOM Y4aCTKe
<j:>pOHTa AOCT&-~rna SbiCWero HaKana. 06e CTOpOHbl rOTOS&-1n&-~Cb K pewa10w,1-1M 6os:~M 1-1 crpeM&-~n&-~cb o6ecne4&-~Tb ce6e
rocnOACTSO S S03AYXe. 7 Mas:! COSeTCKI-1~ 6pere-14, HeAaSHO 3axsa4eHHbl~ y nons:~Kos, noA oxpaHo~ 4eTblpex &-~c
rpe6&-~rene~ c6poc&-~n 160 Kr 6oM6 1-1 n&-~crosoK Ha craH1.4&-~IO

OT AHenpa AO Bwc.ll.bi

o6paTHO

6op&-~cos. Con&-~AHbliil &-~cTpe6&-~TenbHbliil 3CKOPT conposolKAan ero He cny<laiiiHo: neTHa6oM Ha 3TOiil Maw&-~He 6bin caM
A.B.Ceprees, rnasHoKoMaHAYtOW.&-~iil seeM&-~ S03AYWHbiM&-~
c&-~naM&-~ pecny6n&-~K&-~.

9 Mas:~ neTY&-~K 1-ro &-~cTpe6&-~TenbHoro A&-~S&-~3&-~0Ha CanolKH&-~Kos c6poc&-~n 25-Q>yHTosytO 6oM6y Ha nonbCK&-~iil aapoAPOM y cena K&-~cenes&-~4&-~, a 3aTeM AeMoHcTpaT&-~SHo SblnonH&-~n HM neTHbiM noneM KacKaA Q>&-~ryp Sblcwero n&-~no
TalKa, KaK 6bi APa3H51 npoT&-~SH&-~Ka 1-1 Sbl3blsas:~ nonbcK&-~x
neTY&-IKOS Ha nOeA&-~HOK. 0AHaKO S S03Ayx HI-IKTO He nOAHs:!nCs:!. nons:!KI-1 pew&-~nl-1 OTSeT&-~Tb nO-APYrOMy. Ha cneAytOW,I-Iiil AeHb Tp&-~ rpYlf<eHHbiX 6oM6aM&-~ 3nbQ>ayre C-VI S351n&-~ Kypc Ha coseTCK&-~iil aapOAPOM s CamaHosKe. Ha nepexsaT noAHs:~nocb AelKypHoe 3SeHo &-~cTpe6&-~Teneiil - <<HbtOnopbi neTY&-~Kos CanolKH&-~Kosa, rsaiiiTbl 1-1 Ceper&-~Ha.
Ys&-~Aes spara, nons:~K&-~ c6poc&-~n&-~ HepacKOHTpeHHble
6oM6bi s nee 1-1 cnewHo nosepHyn&-~ o6paTHO. nocneAH&-~M
wen CaMoneT, n&-~nOT&-~pyeMbliil KOMaHAI-IPOM 12-iil 3CKaApbi Kan&-~TaHOM IOpreHCOHOM, 6biSW&-~M oQ>&-~uepoM uapcKoiil apM&-~&-~. Ha HeM 1-1 cocpeAOTOY&-~n&-~cb aTaK&-~ coseTCK&-~x &-ICTpe6&-~Teneiil, TaK KaK AOrHaTb OCTanbHbiX 6b!nO
ylKe Heso3MOlKHO. Ha Maw&-~He rsaiiiTbl cpa3y OTKa3an nyneMeT, a Ha &-ICTpe6&-~Tene Ceper&-~Ha CTOS'ln TOnbKO HeC&-~H
xpOHHbliil <<nbtO&-IC HaA sepXHI-IM KpbinOM, nonaCTb 1-13 KOTOpOrO s uenb ype3Sb1Yaii1Ho TPYAHO. noaToMy Q>aKT&-~Yec
K&-~ sen 6oiil OA&-~H CanolKH&-~Kos. OH HecKOnbKO pa3 o6cTpens:~n caMoneT npoT&-~SH&-~Ka, 3axoAs:~ c pa3HbiX HanpasneH&-~iil. HaKoHeu y <<3nbQ>ayre oKa3ancs:~ nepe6&-~T 6eH30nposoA. MoTop 3arnox, 1-1 nonbCKOMY neTY&-~Ky He ocTasanocb H&-~Yero Apyroro, KPOMe KaK &-~AT&-~ Ha nocaAKy. A3ponnaH np&-~3eMn&-~ncs:~ Ha coseTCKOiil Tepp&-~Top&-~&-~ 1-1 6bln 3axsaYeH KpacHoapMeiiluaM&-~, a 3K&-~nalK nonan s nneH*. '-lepe3 ASa AHS'l TpouK&-~iil, npoe3lKas:~ yepe3 CamaHosKy, 3aAeplKancs:~ Ha nonYaca, YT06bi spyY&-~Tb CanolKH&-~Kosy opAeH <<KpacHoro 3HaMeH&-~.
BcKope CanolKH&-~Kos nposen ew.e OA&-~H s03AYWHbliil
6oiil, Ha aToT pa3 c &-~CTpe6&-~TeneM <<Anb6aTpoc D-Ill.
npoT&-~SH&-~K (cornacHo nonbCK&-~M AaHHbiM, 3TO 6bin nopy4&-~K ~X) SHe3anHO aTaKOSan C3aA&-~, HO CTpens:~n OH He
oYeHb MeTKO. B coseTcKytO Maw&-~Hy nonana scero OAHa
nyns:~, KOTopas:~ He np&-~4&-~H&-~na H&-~KaKoro speAa, xoTs:~ npowna scero S HeCKOnbKI-IX CaHT&-~MeTpax OT C&-~AeHbs:!. CanOlKH&-IKOS, nonb3Ys:!Cb sepTKOCTbtO csoero <<HbtOnopa,
pa3sepHyncs:~ 1-1 scTpeT&-~n spara s no6. 3aTeM nocneAosana cep&-~51 MaHeSpOS 1-1 S3a&-~MHbiX aTaK, S KOTOpOiil HI-I OAI-IH
&-~3 conepH&-~Kos He A06&-~ncs:~ ycnexa. 6oiil 3aKOHY&-~ncs:~ 6e3pe3ynbTaTHO, OAHaKO nOns:!K&-1 AO C&-IX nop C4&-~TatOT pycCKI-Iiil HbtOnOp C6&-~TbiM.
YTpOM 14 Mas:! COSeTCK&-~e <<cPapMaH-30 1-1 COnSI-14 S
conposOlKAeH&-~&-~ <<CnaAa" neTY&-~Ka H&-~Konas:~ neTposa
60M6&-~n&-~ spalKeCKI-Iiil a3pOAPOM S MeCTeYKe :>KOAI-!HO.
KOMnaH&-~51 nOA06panaCb AOSOnbHO 1-!HTepecHas:!: <<cPapMaH n&-~nOT&-~posan 6b1SWI-Iiil KOnYaKOSeU WMOT&-IH, aS Ka6&-~He <<Cons&-~Ya C&-~Aen KpacsoeHneT rpa6, OAeplKaSW&-~iil
nomopa roAa Ha3aA nepsy10 s rpa)f(AaHcKoiil soiiiHe so3AYWHYtO no6eAy.
Ha nepexsaT s3neTen <<CnaA noAnopyY&-~Ka CTeQ>aHa
nasn&-~KOSCKOro. 3ass:~3ancs:~ S03AYWHbliil 6oiil, S KOTOpOM
6onee OnbiTHOMy nons:~Ky cpa3y YAanOCb 3aiiiTI-1 S XSOCT caMOneTY neTposa. neTpOS K&-~Aan MaW&-~Hy 1-13 CTOpOHbl S
CTOPOHy, 3aKnaAbiSan KPYTble s&-~palKI-1, Aenan AalKe MepTSble neTnl-1, HO spar KpenKO Aep)l(anCs:l C3aAI-1, nOSTOps:!s:!
see ero MaHespbi. BoKpyr KpacHo3se3AHOro &-~CTpe6&-~Tens:~
TO 1-1 Aeno MenbKanli1 AbiMHble <<SepeSK&-1 Tpacc&-~pytOW,&-IX

nynb. Ho nasn&-~KOSCK&-~iil, xoTs:~ 1-1 6bm KnaccHbiM n&-~noToM,

OKa3anC51 np&-~ 3TOM HeSalKHbiM CTpenKOM. Bee <<TpaCCbl
npOXOAI-Inl-1 MI-IMO. 8 KOHUe KOHUOS OAHa 1-13 OYepeAeiil see
lKe 3aAena Maw&-~Hy, 6apa6aHHOiil AP06btO npoCTYYas no
o6w&-~sKe. neTpos, YyscTsys:~, YTO cneAytOw,as:~ nopu&-~s:~
cs&-~Hua MOlKeT cTaTb Afls:l Hero nocneAHeiil, pe3KO 6poc&-~n
&-~cTpe6&-~Tenb s n&-~Ke. OH SblposHs:~ncs:~ Ha SbiCOTe YYTb
6onbwe ASaAuaT&-~ MeTpos. OT neperpy3K&-~ y <<CnaAa copsano SblxnonHytO Tpy6y. Orns:~Hysw&-~cb, coseTCK&-~iil neT4&-~K yS&-~Aen, 'ITO nons:!K see ew,e Mas:!YI-IT C3aAI-1, rOTOSs:!Cb
SHOSb OTKpbiTb OroHb. neTpOS S&-~nbHyn S CTOpOHY 1-1 CTan
neTns:!Tb SAOnb yn&-~u Ha yposHe KpbiW ASyx3TalKHbiX AOM&-1WeK. BblneTeS 1-13 ropOAa, OH 3aMeT&-~n, 'ITO S HeCKOnbK&-IX
MeTpax noA H&-~M 6necHyna peKa 6epe3&-~Ha.
neTYI-IK CHI-131-!nCs:l ew,e 60nbWe 1-1 nOHeCCs:l HaA CaMOiil
SOAOiil, HaAes:!Cb, 'ITO spar, HaKOHeU, OTCTaHeT. Ho KOrAa
neTpOS SHOSb o6epHynC51, OH C ylKaCOM yS&-~Aen, 'ITO nOns:!K
no-npelKHeMy HeS03MYTI-IMO <<S&-ICI-IT y Hero Ha XSOCTe.
HecKOnbKO M&-~HYT nPOAOnlKanacb 3Ta 6eweHas:~ roHKa Ha
SbiCOTe nOnYTOpa MeTpOS. neTpOS sen MaW&-~HY C MaKC&-1ManbHOiil CKOpOCTbtO, eASa He 3aAesas:~ KOnecaM&-~ SOAY 1-1
py6s:~ s&-~HTOM KaMbiW&-~. Maneiilwee HesepHoe AS&-~lKeH&-~e
03HaYano MrHOSeHHytO r&-~6enb. nasn&-~KOSCKI-Iiil CnOKOiiiHO
wen C3aA&-~, He npli16n&-~)l(as:!Cb 1-1 He OTCTaSas:l, HO nOYeMy-TO
He cTpens:~n. Bo3MO)I(HO, y Hero OTKa3an nyneMeT &-~n&-~ npoCTO 3aKOH4&-~n&-~Cb naTpOHbl. 3aTeM nonbCKI-Iiil neTY&-~K np&-~6as&-~n ra3, nerKo AOrHan neTposa 1-1, noMaxas eMy pyKoiil,
OTBepHyn S CTOpOHy... no S03Spaw.eH&-~&-1 Ha neTpOSCKOM
<<CnaAe HaCY&-~Tan&-~ AeSs:!Tb npo60&-~H.
8 TOT lKe AeHb nons:IK&-1 pew&-~n&-1 OTOMCT&-!Tb 3a HaneT Ha
cso10 as&-~a6a3y. BcKope nocne nonyAHs:l s S03AYX nOAHS'lncs:~ <<Xanb6epwTaAT CL-11 c rpy30M 6oM6 1-1 noA oxpaHoiil
ASyx <<CnaAOS S35ln Kypc Ha coseTCK&-~iil aapOAPOM S np&-~
s:!MI-IHO. HascTpeYy npoT&-~SH&-~Ky s3neTeno AelKypHoe 3seHo
I-ICTpe6&-~Teneiil S COCTase W&-~pi-IHKI-!Ha, Ky3&-~Ha 1-1 AneKCaHApa neTposa (OAHOQ>aM&-~nbua H&-~Konas:~ neTposa 1-13 TOro
lKe AI-ISI-131-!0Ha).
Ky3&-~H c neTpOSbiM CS513an&-~ 6oeM &-ICTpe6&-~Ten&-~ conpoSO)f(AeHI-151, a W&-~p&-~HK&-~H aTaKosan 6oM6apA&-~posw,&-~K. OH
nOAOWen K npOTI-ISHI-IKY C3aA&-~-CH&-~3y 1-1 HalKan Ha raweTKY,
uens:~cb s nepeAHtOtO YaCTb Q>t03ens:~lKa. 3alK&-~raTenbHble
nyn&-~ npow&-~n&-~ Ka6&-~Hy n&-~noTa 1-1 Tonn&-~SHbliil 6aK. ToTYac
6eH3&-~H scnbiXHyn, 1-1 s:~pKoe nnaMs:~ oxsaT&-~no Maw&-~Hy. Y
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VI He ycnen npi!IHs:lTb yYaCTI!Ie B 60RX.
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BVI,D,aBWI!IX BI!I,D,bl ,IJ,e Xasl!lnneH,o,a 111 nHTb Hesoopy>KeHHbiX
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MHOri!IM npi!ILJVIHaM (npe>K,D,e scero 1113 3a HexBaTKVI ,o,sl!lraTene~) 3TI!1 nnaHbl TaK VI OCTani!ICb Ha 6yMare. KcTaTVI, 1113BeCTHbl~ aBTOp 8.6.Waspos B CBOe~ KHI!Ire liiCTOpl!ls:l KOHCTpyKU,I!I~ caMoneTOB s CCCP n111can, YTO ct>e,o,opos HaLJan
nocTpo~Ky aaponnaHa s HOH6pe 1920-ro, TO eCTb Y>Ke nocne aBaKYaL.J,II11!1 spaHrenesu,es 1113 KpbiMa. Ho ,o,aHHble onpoca nepe6e>Kaswero s Ha'lane OKTH6pH K 6onbwesi!1KaM
aBI!IaL.J,VIOHHOrO Q>OTOrpaQ>a 0BU,b1Ha CBI!I,D,eTenbCTBYIOT 0
TOM, 'lTO ,IJ,1-1 6b1n nOCTpOeH VI rOTOB K noneTaM ell.le 3a,D,Onro ,o,o aToro.

***
BepHeMCH K neTHe~ KaMnaHI!11!1 s cesepHo~ Tasp111111.
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a TaK>Ke OT,D,enbHOe 3BeHO aCOB B COCTaBe OnbiTHbiX
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Cano>KHI!IKOBa.
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BpaHreneBCKO~ as1!1aU,1!11!1. no cocTOHHI!ItO Ha 1 aBrycTa B
Hee BXO,D,I!1nii117111CTpe61!1Tene~ 11111 pa3Be,D,'li!1KOB. Bo3rna-

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rpynna CnaTapenH nononHVInacb 4-M 111CTpe61!1TenbHbiM
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11 Mawi!IH. nocne asaKyau,ll1111 1113 AcKaHII1111-HOsbl rpynna
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MOil.IHble py6e>KII1 o6opOHbl. TaK noHsl!lnacb 3HaMeHII1TaH,
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nopa>KeHVIH BpaHrenH.
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B pe3ynbTaTe KOHTpy,o,ap 3axne6HyncH, 6enble OTCTYnlllnlll c 6onbW111MI!1 noTepHMVI. B Hey,o,aYHOM WTYPMe KaxosKI!I
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6enble neTLJVIKVI nepeKntO'll!lnl!lcb Ha 6oM6e>KKII1 nepenpaB, no KOTOPbiM wno cHa6>KeHII1e KaxoscKoro nnaL.J,D,apMa. B aTOM VIM HeCKOnbKO pa3 nbiTani!ICb noMewaTb 1!1CTpe61!1Tenll1 npaBo6epe>KHOIIi as111arpynnb1. 12 asrycra KpacsoeHneT 6-ro VICTpOTpH,o,a BaclllnbYeHKO s O,D,IIIHOYKY aTaKOsan ceMepKy ,IJ,e XaBI!InneH,o,Os 111 no ,o,oKna,o,y CnarapenH
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50 neT cnycTH KHI!Ire Toro >Ke CnarapenH npoTVIB yepHoro
6apoHa 3TII1 ,o,Ba CHIII>KeHHbiX caMoneTa npespaTI!Ini!ICb B

nonHoe H83BBHue :JTOro no,o.pa3,o.eneHVIR 3By~ano aecbMa npocTpBHHO: 2-ilr ABVIB/..IVIOHHblilr ,lloHcKoro BoilrcKoaoro ATaMaHa Kane,o.MHa 0Tpfi1J.. T8KOe H83B8HV1e OH non~VIn 1113-38 TOrD, ~TO B HeM CflYJI(VIflVI maBHb/M 06p830M 6biBWVIe neT~VIKVI,liOHCKOilr K838%eilr aBM8/..IVIVI. KOM8H,O.OB8n OTpR,O.OM BOUCKOBOilr CT8PWVIH8 ( nonKOBHVIK)

K. H. Ka~anOBCKVIilr.

:Spera TaBpHA&I
c6L-~Tble! Ha caMOM >Ke ,o,ene spaHrenesu,bl He noTepflnL-1
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TaK >Ke 6e3pe3ynbTaTHO 3aKOHYL-~JTL-~Cb L-~ see oCTanbHble

B03AYWHble cxsaTKL-1. B 6onbWL-IHCTse cnyyaes KpaCHble

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rpynnbl nasnosa Ha,o, KaxosKo~ noYeMy-To TaK HL-1 pa3y L-1
He nOflSL-IJTL-ICb.
YaCTble aTaKL-1 6eJTbiX Ha nepenpaSbl S KOHU,e KOHU,OS
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***
0T,D,eJTbHO~ CTpaHL-~U,e~ L-ICTOpL-IL-1 flSJTfleTCfl npOTL-ISOCTOflHL-Ie 6eno~ L-1 KpaCHO~ aBL-~aU,L-IL-1 Ha SOCTOYHOM no6epe>Kbe
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L-1 Bya3eHe.
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asL-~aU,L-IOHHafl rpynnL-~pOSKa 9-~ apML-IL-1 KpaCHbiX S COCTase
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29 L-~IOJTfl: B'Iepa coaeTCKI1i1 a3ponnaH c6poc11n 4 6oM6bt.

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TaM, L-1 spaHrenescKL-~e asL-~aOTPHAbl noKL-~HynL-~ KaTepne3.

***

nocne,o,HL-~M KpynHbiM ycnexoM 6eno~ asL-~au,L-~L-~ CTano

OTpa>KeHL-~e oyepe,o,Horo 6pocKa coseTcKo~ KasanepL-~L-1 s
Tbi!T 6eJTbiX SO~CK. 28 asryCTa 2-fl KOHHas:l apML-!fl, yCL-~JTeH
Hafl 51-~ ,o,L-~sL-~3L-~e~ 6n10xepa, cHosa npopsana Q>poHT

no,o, AneKcaH,o,poscKOM L-1 yCTpeML-~nacb K MenL-~TononiO.

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nasnosa, He no,D,D,ep>Kana c so3,o,yxa ,o,e~CTSL-~fl 2-~ KOH
HO~. Be,o,b cL-~n ,o,nH 3Toro 6biJTO snonHe ,o,ocTaTO'lHO. B
asL-~aoTpH,o,ax IO>KHoro Q>poHTa HaC'lL-~Tblsanocb y>Ke 79 caMoneTos (L-13 HL-IX 42 L-ICnpaSHbiX).
Ha,o,o 3aMeTL-~Tb, YTO HL-~3Kafl aKTL-~SHOCTb nasnoscKo~
rpynnbl ew,e paHbWe Sbl3blsana pa3,o,pa>KeHL-~e y coseTCKOro KOMaH,o,osaHL-~fl. 15 asryCTa nasnosy 6biiTa HanpasneHa
TenerpaMMa 3a no,o,nL-~CbiO KOMaH,o,yiOw,ero Q>poHTOM Eroposa, YITeHa pessoeHcoseTa CTaJTL-IHa L-1 Ha'lWTa6a neTL-1
Ha: HecMOTpR Ha KaTeropl1'1ecKoe np11K838HI1e 11cnonb
30B8Tb aa11arpynny H8,ll,fle>Ka~I1M o6pa30M, 113 onepcao.aKI1 BI1,D.HO fl11Wb ,D.8MCTBI18 OT,D.eflbHbiX C8M0fl8TOB. npi1K83biB8/0 paCCfl8,D.OB8Tb 11 ,D.OH8CTI1, K8K8R np11'111H8 H811CnOflH8HI1R np11K838HI1R. ( no.a) CTPO>K8MWYIO OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb Ha'laBI1arpynnbt naanoaa Tpe6yeM Maccoaoro .aeilrCTBI1R B03.0.YXOtjJflOTI1fll111 C 60M60M8T8HI1RMI1 ... "

8 TOT >Ke ,D,eHb nasnos OTCTYYaJT>> OTSeTHYIO TeiTerpaMMMY C YTSep>K,D,eHL-~eM, 'lTO asL-~arpynna Sbi!TeTaeT Ha
3a,D,aHL-Ifl S KO!TL-!YeCTSe He MeHee ,D,eCflTL-1 CaMOJTeTOS L-1 S006w,e ,o,enaeT MaKCL-~MyM so3MO>KHoro. Aanee wnL-~ o6biYHble ,D,!Tfl rpa>K,D,aHCKO~ SO~Hbl CCbi!TKL-1 Ha L-13HOWeHHOCTb
TeXHL-IKL-1, HenO,D,rOTOSJTeHHOCTb a3pO,D,pOMOS L-1 6one3HL-1
neTYL-~KOS. KoHeYHO, see 3TO ,o,e~CTSL-~TeJTbHO L-~Meno MecTO, O,D,HaKO 6enafl asL-~aU,L-Ifl, HaxO,D,flCb S HL-I'lYTb He JTy'lWL-IX
ycnosL-~Hx, pa6oTana ropa3,o,o 3Q>Q>eKTL-~sHee.
26 asryCTa LJ,eHTpanbHafl asL-~arpynna noHecna nepsy10
noTepiO. 3eHL-~THbiM orHeM 6biiT no,o,6L-~T so speMH pa3se,o,KL-1 COnSL-I'i>> nL-~JTOTa 3aTbiKL-1Ha L-1 neTHa6a liiCa'leHKO. 3KL-1na>K 6e>Kan, a caMoneT ,o,oCTancH 6enorsap,o,e~u,aM. Ha
cne,o,yiOW,L-1~ ,o,eHb ew,e O,ll,L-IH COnSL-I'l>> nL-~JTOTa WKOJT,ll,L-~Ha
L-1 neTHa6a Be~H6epra, cosepwaswL-~~ o6bl'lHbl~ nepeneT
Me>K,D,y a3pO,D,pOMaML-1, no OWL-16Ke C6L-!JTL-1 CSOL-1 >Ke SO~CKa.
A3ponnaH copsancfl s WTOnop L-1 pyxHyn Ha 3eMniO. WKon,D,L-~H norL-~6, a Be~6epr nonyYL-~n cepbe3Hble TpasMbl. 30 asrycTa L-133a TeXHL-IYeCKL-IX HeL-~cnpaSHOCTe~ pa36L-IJTCfl L-ICTpe6L-~Te!Tb KpacsOeHITeTa 51KOS'lyKa. neT'lL-IK C Tfl>KeJTbiML-1
ywL-~6aML-~ 6biiT ompasneH s rocnL-~Tanb.

:Spera T aBpHA&I
6 ceHTs:l6ps:l COSeTCKYIO asL-~aL.J,L-110 nOCTL-Ir HOSblill y,o,ap:
norL-~6 o,o,L-~H L-~3 nyYWL-~x nL-~noTos KpacHoro Bo3,o,ywHoro
110Ta, SCe06Il.IL-Iill J1106L-!MeU,, ,D,Sa,D,U,aTL-~ns:lTL-!11eTHL-Iill reoprL-~ill Cano>KHL-~Kos. Ero 3HaMeHL-~Tblill Ha secb Q>poHT
CHailln C YepHOill CTpenoill Ha XSOCTe L-1 nL-~KOSbiM TY30M Ha
6opry Q>103enH>Ka spe3ancH s 3eMniO cpa3y nocne s3nem
c aneKcaH,o,poscKoro aapo,o,poMa. rosopL-~nL-1, YTO nepe,o,
SblneTOM CanO>KHL-IKOB 6bl11 nbHH 111 YTO nocne OTpbiSa OT
nonocbl OH cnL-~WKOM pe3KO 3a,o,pan HOC csoero caMoneTa ... HaM He y,o,anocb HaiiiTL-~ aKT paccne,o,osaHL-~H aToill KaTacTpoQ>bl, L-1 Mbl He MO>KeM C ysepeHHOCTbiO CKa3aTb, TaK
nL-~ see 6blno Ha caMOM ,o,ene. Ho, Ka>KeTCH, ecTb HeKaH
CTpaHHaH csH3b Me>K,D,y rL-~6enbiO nyywero 6enoro neTYL-~Ka
Ka3aKosa s asryCTe 1919-ro L-1 cMepTbiO Cano>KHL-~Kosa ro,o,
cnycTH. 06a nL-~nom norL-~6nL-~ Ha o,o,HOM L-1 TOM >Ke TL-~ne caMoneTa, L-1 o6e Tpare,o,L-~L-1, no cnosaM oyesL-~,o,u,es, SblrnH,o,enL-~ a6C01110THO O,D,L-!HaKOSO. ,IJ,a>Ke 6opTOSble HOMepa 060L-!X
CHaillnos pa311L-IYML-1Cb 11L-1Wb Ha O,D,Hy U,L-~Q>py: E6350 y
Ka3aKosa L-1 E6351 y Cano>KHL-IKOBa.

***
B KOHu,e asrycTa ~eHTpanbHaH asL-~arpynna nononHL-1nacb ,o,syMH TH>KenbiML-1 6oM6ap,o,L-~pOSil.IL-~KaML-~ li111bs:l MypoMeu.. BcKope 3TL-~ MawL-~Hbl npL-~HHnL-1 yYaCTL-~e s 6oHx
npOTL-IS BpaHrenH. C L-~X noHsneHL-~eM Ha Q>poHTe 6enble
snepSble nOYySCTSOSaJ1L-! Ts:l>KeCTb HaCTOs:lll.IL-IX S03,D,yWHbiX
y,o,apos. Ka>K,D,blill TaKoill caMoneT no,o,HL-~Man ,o,o 16 ny,o,os
(256 Kr) 60M6 L-1 MOr HaHeCTL-1 npOTL-ISHL-IKY seCbMa Cepbe3Hblill ypOH.
2 CeHTs:l6ps:l O,D,L-IH L-13 MypOMU,eS no,o, KOMaH,D,OSaHL-~eM
KpacsoeHnem WKy,o,osa c6pocL-~n 11 ny,o,os 6oM6 Ha CTaHU.L-~10 npL-!WL-16, r,o,e pa3Mell.la11Cs:l WTa6 ,IJ,p03,D,OSCKOill OQ>L-1L.J,epcKOill ,D,L-~SL-~3L-~L-~. Ha cTaHU,L-~L-1 6blno paHeHo 6 YenoseK, s
TOM YL-IC11e apTL-11111epL-~iiiCKL-Iill reHepan non3L-!KOS, L-1 y6L-~T
6ynb,o,or nanbMa, co6aKa KOMaH,o,L-~pa ,D,L-~SL-~3L-~L-~ reHepana
TypKyna, KOTOPYIO OH ,o,sa ro,o,a so3L-~n 3a co6oill no seeM
Q>pOHTaM rpa>K,D,aHCKOill SOiiiHbl.
8 ceHTH6pH ,o,pyroill MypoMeu, KpacsoeHneTa TyMaHCKoro c6pOCL-111 4 Q>yraCHbiX L-1 2 3a>KL-~raTe11bHbiX 60M6bl Ha
aapo,o,pOM 2-rO OTps:l,D,a PyCCKOill apML-!L-1 y CTaHL.J,L-IL-1 le,o,opOSKa. CornacHO ,D,OKna,o,y 3KL-~na>Ka, npL-~ aTOM 6bl110 yHL-~Y
TO>KeHo 4 6enorsap,o,eillcKL-~X aaponnaHa. 6enble, npas,o,a,
3TOT Q>aKT onposeprnL-1, coo61.!.1L-~S, YTO L-~x caMoneTbl nonyYL-~11L-~ nL-~Wb nerKL-~e nospe>K,D,eHL-~s:l.

14 CeHTs:l6ps:l Ta >Ke MaWL-~Ha pa360M6L-~na HeMeU,KyiO KOJlOHL-110 lpL-1,D,pL-!XCQ>enb,D,, r,o,e CKOnL-1110Cb OK0110 Tpex TbiCs:l'i 6enorsap,o,eillu,es. BpaHrenesU,bl coo61.!.1L-~11L-~, YTO s pe3y11bTaTe Hanem 6blno y6mo L-~ paHeHo 27 con,o,aT L-~ o<t>L-~
u,epos, XOTH, so3MO>KHO, aTL-~ ,o,aHHble 3aHL-~>KeHbl. HaneT
npOL-~3owen s ,o,sa Yaca ,D,Hs:l, as nHTb so ctlpL-~,o,pL-~xc<t>enb,o,
npL-~exan caM 6apoH BpaHrenb, YT06bl npL-~HHTb napa,o, ,o,o6posonbYeCKOill ,D,L-~SL-~3L-~L-~. HecMOTPH Ha 6oM6e>KKy, napa,o,
SCe-TaKL-1 COCTOS'l11Cs:l.
16 CeHTs:l6ps:l cpa3y ,D,Sa <<MypOML.J,a nOHSL-111L-1Cb Ha,D,
CTaHU,L-~eill npL-IWL-16. Ho S 3TOT pa3 CTaHL.J,L-110 3all.IL-IIl.la11 6poHenoe3,D,, soopY>KeHHblill3eHL-~THbiML-~ opy,o,L-~HML-1. noe,o,L-~HOK
neTYL-IKOS L-1 apTL-11111epL-!CTOS 3aKOHYL-111Cs:l C He60J1bWL-IM
o6oiO,D,HbiM Yll.lep6oM. 6nL-~3KL-~M pa3pb1SOM 6oM6bl 6b1na
c6poweHa c penbcos xsocTosaH nnaTQ>opMa 6poHenoe3,o,a. KpoMe Toro, nonyYL-~nL-1 nospe>K,tJ,eHL-~H >Kene3Ho,o,opo>KHble nYTL-1 L-1 CTaHU,L-IOHHble 3,D,aHL-!s:l. Ho npL-1 3TOM OCK011KL-1
3eHL-ITHbiX CHaps:l,D,OS nepe6L-!11L-1 110H>KepOH Kpbl11a MaWL-!Hbl
TyMaHcKoro L-1 SblsenL-~ L-~3 CTPOH o,o,L-~H L-~3 ,o,sL-~raTeneill caMoneTa WKy,o,osa. no S03Spall.leHL-!L-1 o6a 6oM6ap,o,L-~pos
ll.IL-1Ka Hy>K,D,ML-!Cb S peMOHTe.
3a CYTKL-1 L-~cnpasL-~s nospe>K,D,eHL-~H, aKL-~na>KL-1 ompasL-~11L-~Cb s HOsblill noneT. Ha spaHrenescKL-~e soillcKa y ceneHL-~ill AH,o,pe6ypr, reill,o,enb6epr L-1 rorxeiiiM 6blno c6poweHo
16 ny,o,os 6oM6 L-1 6 ny,o,os CTpen. Ha o6paTHOM nYTL-1, y>Ke
Ha,D, csoeill TeppL-!TOpL-~eill, MypOMU,bl> HeO>KL-I,D,aHHO

scTpeTL-~nL-~cb s so3,o,yxe c YeTsepKoill ,IJ,e XasL-~nneH,o,os,

TaK>Ke so3spall.laswL-~xcH c 6oesoro 3a,o,aHw'l. 6enble neTYL-IKL-1 He ynyCTL-111L-1 S03MO>KHOCTL-1 aTaKOSaTb ,D,L-IKOSL-IHHOrO
npOTL-ISHL-IKa. 3aSH3a11Cs:l e,D,L-IHCTSeHHblill S CSOeM pO,D,e
S03,D,yWHblill 6oill Me>K,D,y O,D,HOMOTOpHbiML-1 L-1 YeTblpeXMOTOpHbiML-1 6oM6ap,D,L-!pOSil.IL-1KaML-1.
,IJ,e XasL-~nneH,D,bl cocpe,o,oTOYL-~nL-~ orOHb Ha caMoneTe
TyMaHCKOrO. Tpoe aTaKOsanL-1 C XSOCTa, a O,D,L-IH 3awen CHL-13y L-1 ,ll,M OYepe,D,b C Ka6pL-!pOSaHL-Is:l. XsOCTOSOill CTpenOK
MypoMu,a ML-~xaillnoscKL-~ill OTYaHHHO OT6L-~sancH. B 3TOM
6010 OH ycnen L-~3pacxo,o,osaTb 16 ,o,L-~cKos ,o,nH nyneMeTa
nbiOL-~C! Ho 6oM6ap,o,L-~pOSil.IL-IK cnacno s nepsy10 oYepe,o,b TO, YTO spaHrenesu,bl ell.le paHbWe paccTpenHnL-~ noYTL-1 see naTpOHbl no Ha3eMHbiM u,enHM. Bee >Ke o,o,L-~H L-~3 Hana,o,aswL-~x cyMen npo6L-~Tb Macno6aK neTaiOil.lero rL-~raHTa.
60pTMexaHL-IKY lpL-1,D,pL-IKOSy npL-~W110Cb SbiJ1e3aTb Ha KPbl110 L-1 3aTbiKaTb npo6oL-~Hy caMo,o,enbHOill npo6Koill. ML-~xaill
noscKL-~ill, s cso10 oYepe,o,b, npoCTpenL-~n pa,o,L-~aTop L-~ py6awKy oxna>K,D,eHL-~H ,o,sL-~raTenH ,IJ,e XasL-~nneH,o,a nopyYL-~
Ka KaYaHa. 6enblill neTYL-~K pa3sepHyncH L-1 co CHL-~>KeHL-~eM
noneTen K csoL-~M. BcKope L-1 ocTanbHble spaHrenescKL-~e
MaWL-~Hbl TaK>Ke npeKpaTL-~nL-1 npecne,o,osaHL-~e. KaYaH cosepwL-~n SbiHy>K,D,eHHYIO noca,o,Ky, e,o,sa nepeTHHys Yepe3
nL-~HL-110 <t>POHTa, a o6a MypoMu,a 6narononyYHO sepHynL-~Cb Ha 6a3y.
3To 6bln nocne,o,HL-~ill 6oesoill SblneT TH>KenbiX 6oM6ap,D,L-~pOSil.IL-IKOS S rpa>K,D,aHCKOill SOiiiHe. 20 CeHTs:l6ps:l o6e
MawL-~Hbl nepeneTenL-~ Ha Tblnosoill aapo,o,poM y CTaHL.J,L-~L-1
no3osaH, a orry,o,a- ell.le ,o,anbwe, s XapbKOs. Bo3MO>KHO, KpaCHble peWL-!JlL-1 He p~1CKOSaTb pe,D,KOill L-1 ,D,OpOrOCTOI'lll.leill TeXHL-IKOill, a, MO>KeT 6b1Tb, OT MypOMU,eS OTKa3a11L-!Cb IA3-3a 111x Ype3MepHoill npo>KopnL-~socTL-~. Be,o,b
O,ll,IAH YeTblpeXMOTOpHblill 60M6ap,D,Iilp0Sil.IIAK C>KL-~ran 3a
SblneT ,o,o 30 ny,o,os 6eH3L-~Ha 111 nonYTopa ny,o,os KaCTopKW - SO MHOrO pa3 60J1bWe, YeM HbiOnOp, ctlapMaH
11111111 COnSIA'i.

***
,IJ,e X3SL-11111eH,D,bl, C KOTOpbiMIA SCTpeTL-111L-1Cb MypOMU,bl 18 CeHTs:l6ps:l, S03Spall.IML-1Cb CO WrypMOSKL-1 COSeTCKOrO aapo,o,poMa ~eHTpanbHOill as111arpynnb1 s AneKcaH,o,poscKe. HaneT nonyYIAnCH y,o,aYHbiM: 6blno yHL-~YTO>KeHo
,o,sa ConsiAYa 48-ro pa3se,o,oTpH,o,a, nocne Yero OTpH,o,
OTnpaSL-111111 S Tbl11 Ha nepeQ>opMIApOsaHIAe. Ellie HeCK011bKO
MaWIAH, S TOM YIACJ1e lA 3axsaYeHHblill y n011s:lKOS L-!CTpe6L-~
Te11b ctlOKKep 0-V (eM. rnasy 13), nonyYL-~nL-1 nospe>K,D,eHIAH. KpacHble 3aHSIA111A, YTO s HaneTe yyacTsosano 11 6enorsap,o,eiiiCKIAX caMoneTos.
B aTOT >Ke ,o,eHb 6onbwesL-~KL-~ nL-~wiAnL-~cb ell.le o,o,Horo caMoneTa. neTYIAK 49-ro PAO Ko>Ke6aTKIAH L-13-3a 0TKa3a
,ll,SIAraTeJ1s:l nOCa,D,IA11 CSOill HbiOnOp Ha spa>KeCKOill TeppL-1TOPIAIA. n111110TY y,D,anOCb cnaCTIACb, a MaWIAHa OCTanacb y
6enorsap,o,eillu,es.
19 CeHTs:l6ps:l 6e11ble HaHeC111A KOHTpy,o,ap Ha U,eHTpanbHOM HanpasneHIAIA. 8He3anHbiM KasanepL-~iiiCKL-IM HaCKOKOM
OHIA 3axsaTIA111A AneKcaH,o,poscK. CaMoneTbl nasnoscKoill
as111arpynnb1 ycnen111 s nocne,o,HL-~ill MOMeHT no,o,HHTbCH s
so3,o,yx 111 nepeneTeTb Ha TblnOsble aapo,o,pOMbl. O,o,HaKo
CnaTapenH ,o,a>Ke He nocTasL-~nL-1 s L-~3secTHOCTb o cnyYL-~B
weMCH. 1!1 21 ceHTH6pH neTYIAK npaso6epe>KHOill asL-~a
rpynnbl 51KOS rynHeS, KaK rOSOpiATCs:l, S npiAnO,D,Hs:lTOM HaCTpOeHIAIA OTnpaSIAJ1Cs:l Ha CSOeM HbiOnOpe S AneKCaH,D,pOSCK 3a npiAYIATaiOil.IIAMCs:l eMy Op,D,eHOM KpaCHOro 3HaMeHIA. HeTpy,D,HO ,D,Ora,D,aTbCs:l, 'iTO OH TaM nonyYL-111 SMecTO op,o,eHa ... rynHesy, npas,o,a, ell.le nose3no. Ero He 3acTpenl!lniA cpa3y nocne noca,o,KL-1, a scero Hascero L-~36L-~nL-~
111 ompasl!lniA s KpLIM ,o,nH ,o,onpocos. no ,o,opore neTYL-IK cyMen 6e>KaTb 111 yepe3 ,o,se He,o,enL-~ Sblwen K csOL-~M.
30 CeHTs:l6ps:l 11eTYIAKIA 5-rO L-ICTpOTps:l,D,a neOHTbeS L-1 3axapos SblneTenL-~ Ha cso111x HbiOnopax-17 ,o,nH nepexsaTa

Bpera TaBpHA&I
- nopyYL-~KL-1 KaYaH L-1
s pa~oHe KaxosKL-1. B so3AywHOM 6010 y 3axaposa, KaK o6biYHO, OTKa3an nyneMeT, a y
neoHTbesa 3arnox IJ.SL-~raTenb, L-1 caMoneT copsancH s
WTOnop. BbiSeCTL-1 MaWL-IHY He y/J,anOCb. <<HbiOnOp>> YTKHynCs:l HOCOM S 3eMn10, HO neTYL-IK OCTanCs:l >KL-IS L-1 Sbl6panCs:l L-13 Ka6L-~Hbl. BL-~IJ.s:l aTo, 6enble pewL-~nL-~A06L-~Tb caMoneT,
c6pOCL-IS Ha HerO /J,Se OCKOnOYHble 60M6bl. no S03Spaw,eHL-IL-1 spaHrenes~bl 06bs:lSL-InL-1 COSeTCKL-1~ L-ICTpe6L-~Tenb
c6L-~TbiM, a no6e/J,y Ha!J. HL-~M 3anL-~can Ha cso~ cYeT nopyYL-IK KaYaH.
HecMOTPH Ha OTIJ,enbHble ycnexL-~, nono>KeHL-~e IJ,en s 6eno~ asL-~a~L-~L-1 npO!J.On>Kano yxy/J,waTbCH. KonL-~YeCTso 6oecnoco6HbiX MaWL-IH HeyKnOHHO COKpaw,anOCb. ,IJ,L-~HaML-!Ka
aToro npo~ecca oTpa>KeHa s cne1J,y10w,e~ m6nL-~~e:

!J.SYX ,IJ,e

XasL-~nneHIJ,OS (nL-~nOTbl

rpeYL-~WKL-~H), noHsL-~swL-~xcH

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22.09.20

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23.10.20

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A 6onbwesL-~KL-~ L-~MenL-~ K cepe!J.L-~He OKTH6pH Ha IO>KHOM
Q>poHTe y>Ke 84 6oesb1X caMoneTa. 0KOHYaHL-~e nonbCKOcoseTCKO~ so~Hbl no3sonL-~no L-IM nepe6paCbiSaTb c 3anaIJ,a IJ,OnonHL-~TenbHble nO!J.KpenneHL-~s:l. YL-~cneHHbl~ nepesec KpacHo~ apML-~L-1 HaA spaHrenes~aML-1 CTan noiJ,asnHIOW,L-IM.
TeM He MeHee, 6enorsap1J,e~~bl ew,e nbiTanL-~Cb y/J,ep>KaTb CL-~Tya~L-110, KOMneHCL-IPYs:l HexsaTKY >KL-ISO~ CL-Inbl aKTL-ISHbiM npL-~MeHeHL-~eM TeXHL-IKL-1. 14 OKTs:l6ps:l OHL-1 npeiJ,npL-!Hs:lnL-1 HOSbl~ WTypM KaXOSCKOrO nna~apMa, 6pOCL-IS
TYAa see csoL-~ TaHKL-1 L-1 asL-~a~L-~10. Ho 3a npowe/J,wee speMH coseTcKaH o6opoHa ew,e 6onee yKpenL-~nacb. 3HaYL-~
TenbHO so3pocno YL-~cno apTL-~nnepL-~~CKL-~x opy!J.L-~~. noHsL-~nL-~cb IJ,a>Ke orHeMeTbl, TH>Kenble nyweYHble 6poHeasTOM06L-~nL-~ L-1 npOTL-ISOTaHKOSble ML-!Hbl. K TOMy >Ke YL-ICneHHOCTb SO~CK KaXOSCKOrO yKpenpa~OHa S/J,SOe npeSOCXO/J,L-~na YL-~cno aTaKyiOw,L-~x. nocne/J,Hee HaCTynneHL-~e BpaHrenH 6blnO OT6L-!TO. <<KaXOSKa>> npO/J,On>Kana SL-!CeTb Ha/J,
KpbiMOM, KaK IJ,aMOKnOS Me'l. 111 SCKOpe 3TOT Me'l onycTL-InCs:l.
Ha nna~apM cKpbiTHO nepenpasL-~nacb npL-~6blswaH c
nOnbCKOrO Q>pOHTa 1-s:l KOHHas:l apML-Is:l oyiJ,eHHOrO. 803IJ.YWHas:l pa3se/J,Ka s aTOM pa~oHe y>Ke He senacb, TaK KaK
pacnono>KeHHble 3/J,ecb 3-~ L-1 8-~ asL-~aOTPHIJ.bl PyccKo~
apML-!L-1 He L-~MenL-~ K TOMy speMeHL-1 HL-1 O!J.HOro L-~cnpasHoro
caMoneTa.
28 OKTH6ps:l 1-s:l KOHHas:l, ycL-~neHHas:l/J,L-ISL-13L-Ie~ 6n10xepa,
HeO>KL-~IJ.aHHO IJ,ns:l npoTL-~SHL-~Ka HaHecna y/J,ap s HanpasneHL-IL-1 nepeKona. 0AHospeMeHHO c cesepa L-1 cesepo-socToKa nosenL-~ HacrynneHL-~H YaCTL-1 2-~ KoHHO~. 4-~ L-~13-~ apML-1~. napL-~pOSaTb yiJ,apbl 6blnO HeYeM. 6enorsap1J,e~~bl,

TeCHL-IMble CO scex CTOpOH, cneWHO OTCrynL-~nL-1 S KpbiM.

npL-1 3TOM OHL-1 CO>KrnL-1 Ha aapo/J,pOMaX 3/4 CaMoneTOS PycCKO~ apML-IL-1, KOTOpble L-!3-3a SeTXOCTL-1 y>Ke He MOrnL-1 nOIJ,Hs:lTbCs:l S S03/J,yX. nL-~Wb HeCKOnbKO MaWL-IH nepeneTenO S
,IJ,>KaHKO~ L-1 CL-~MQ>epononb.
,IJ,anbHe~wee L-~3secTHO. BpaHrenes~bl Ha/J,eHnL-~Cb
OTCL-1/J,eTbCs:l 3a nepeKOnCKL-IML-1 yKpenneHL-Is:lML-1, HO KpacHble, He CYL-!Tas:l nOTepb, 6e30CTaHOSO'iHO psanL-~Cb snepe/J,. 11 HOs:l6ps:l OHL-1 S3s:lnL-1 WTypMOM Type~KL-1~ san. Ha
cne/J,yiOw,L-1~ IJ,eHb nan IOwyHb. 3To 6bln KOHe~. nasL-~Ha
COSeTCKL-IX /J,L-ISL-13L-1~ xnbiHyna Ha npOCTOpbl KpbiMa. oapOH
BpaHrenb L-13/J,an cso~ nocne/J,HL-1~ npL-~Ka3 o sceo6w,e~
asaKya~L-~L-1. 14-ro KpacHble 6e3 6oH 3aHHnL-~ CL-~MQ>epo
nonb. 3/J,eCb, s MaCTepCKL-IX asL-~anapKa L-1 neTHo~ wKone
OHL-1 3axsaTL-~nL-~ HeCKOnbKO HeL-~cnpasHbiX <<,IJ,e XasL-~nneH
!J.OS>>, <<AHacane~ L-1 <<8ya3eH>>: see, 'iTO OCTanOCb OT 6eno~ asL-~a~L-~L-1. As KoHcTaHTL-~HOnOnb L-13 ct>paH~L-IL-1 npL-~wen
TpaHcnopT c IJ.SaiJ,~aTbiO 3aKynneHHbiML-~ BpaHreneM 6oM6ap!J.L-~posw,L-~KaML-~ <<opere-14>>. oOM6ap/J,L-!pOSW,L-!KaML-1,
TaK L-1 He nonaSWL-IML-1 S POCCL-110 ...
YTPOM cne1J,y10w,ero IJ.HH nocne/J,HL-1~ napoxoA c coniJ,aTaML-1 PyccKo~ apML-~L-1 L-1 6e>KeH~aML-~ Sblwen L-~3 cesaCTononbCKO~ rasaHL-~. rpa)I(IJ.aHcKaH so~Ha 3aKOHYL-~nacb. Ha
0/J,HOM L-13 Cy/J,OS nnblnL-1 S 3ML-~rpa~L-110 6onee 80 nL-~nOTOS L-1
neTHa6os, a TaK>Ke CSbiWe 50 TeXHL-IKOS L-1 MOTOPL-ICTOS. IIIX
CYIJ.b6bl cnO>KL-InL-ICb no-pa3HOMy, HO Mano KOMY nOCYaCTnL-~SL-InOCb He paccTaTbCH c He6oM, Ha~AH pa6ory no npL-~3saHL-~IO. HeKOTOPble 6enble neTYL-IKL-1, no1J,06Ho Ap~eynosy,
pewL-~nL-1 OCTaTbCs:l S POCCL-IL-1, HO L-1 L-IX yYaCTb TO>Ke 6blna He3aSL-1/J,Ha. 0/J,HL-1 norL-~6nL-~ s r01J.bl penpeccL-~~, APYrL-~e nposenL-~ OCTaTOK >KL-13HL-1 S CTpaxe, 'iTO L-IM npL-~nOMHs:lT <<6enorsap/J,e~CKOe>> npownoe.
no Tpa!J.L-~~L-~L-~ 3asepwL-~M rnasy ~L-~Q>paML-1. Ho s aToT
pa3 OHL-1 6y/J,yT seCbMa npOTL-ISOpeYL-!Sbl. no /J,aHHbiM 3H~L-1KnOne/J,L-!L-1 <<rpa)I(IJ.aHcKaH so~Ha L-1 soeHHaH L-~HTepseH
~L-~H s CCCP>> KpaCHbl~ S031J.YWHbl~ Q>noT cosepwL-~n 3a
nepL-~OIJ. 6oes npOTL-IS BpaHrenH 2100 6oesbiX SblneTos
(pOSHO CTOnbKO >Ke, CKOnbKO Ha nOnbCKO-COSeTCKOM
Q>pOHTe!), c6pOCL-IS Ha npOTL-ISHL-!Ka OKOnO 6400 Kr 60M6.
A L-~CTOpL-IK B.C.WyML-~XL-IH s KHL-~re <<CoseTcKaH soeHHas:l
asL-~a~L-~H 1917-1941 ,, coo6w,aeT nL-~Wb o 1000 6oesbiX
SblneTOS L-1 0 1600 Kr 60M6. lii.K.CnaTapenb S CSOL-IX MeMyapax nL-~weT, YTO O/J,Ha TOnbKO ero asL-~arpynna (OTHIOIJ.b
He CaMas:! MHOrOYL-ICneHHas:l) SblnOnHL-~na 735 60eSbiX SblneTOS L-~ c6pocL-~na OKono 600 6oM6. Bee 6oM6 asTop He
yKa3blsaeT, HO IJ,a>Ke ecnL-~ npeiJ,nono>KL-~Tb, YTO see OHL-1
6blnL-1 MenKL-IML-1, /J,eCs:lTL-IQ>yHTOSbiML-1 (4,5 Kr), see paSHO
nonyyaeTCs:l ~L-!Q>pa S 2700 Kr, 'iTO HaMHOrO npeSbiWaeT
IJ,aHHble WyML-~XL-~Ha.
ll13yYaH apxL-~sHble MaTepL-~anbl, KacaiOw,L-~ecH 6oeso~ IJ,eHTenbHOCTL-1 asL-~a~L-!L-1 Ha spaHrenesCKOM Q>pOHTe, Mbl npL-1WnL-1 K SbiSO/J,y, 'iTO 6nL-~>Ke K L-ICTL-!He IJ,aHHble 3H~L-1KnOne/J,L-IL-1
<<rpa)I(IJ.aHCKas:l SO~Ha ... >>, HO L-1 OHL-1 CL-InbHO 3aHL-!>KeHbl. no
HaWL-!M nO/J,CYeTaM COSeTCKL-Ie neTYL-IKL-1 (s TOM YL-!Cne asL-~a
~L-Is:l 9-~ apML-~L-1) cosepwL-~nL-1 nopH!J.Ka 2800 SblneTos L-1
c6pocL-~nL-~ Ha spara OKono 20 TOHH pa3nL-~YHbiX 6oenpL-~na
cos, SKniOYas:l CTpenbl. noYTL-1/J,Se TOHHbl L-13 3TOrO KOnL-~Ye
CTSa npL-IXO/J,L-ITCs:l Ha <<MypOM~bl>>.
no 6eno~ asL-~a~L-IL-1 TaKYIO o6o6w,eHHYIO KapTL-!Hy COCTaSL-ITb HeS03MO>KHO, TaK KaK CSO/J,Hble IJ,aHHble COXpaHL-~nL-ICb
nL-~Wb nO OTIJ,enbHbiM OTps:l/J,aM L-1 TOnbKO 3a Ma~ L-1 L-IIOHb. no
3TL-~M IJ,aneKo He nonHbiM ~L-~Q>paM 1-~. 3-~. 4-~. 5-~ L-1 8-~
OTPH/J.bl 3a IJ.Sa MecH~a cosepwL-~nL-1 387 6oesbiX SblneTos,
c6pocL-~s Ha spara OKono 12800 Kr 6oM6.

IOl@([;~ <t(I.t3([;~~

oororroo

Hawe~ pa6oTe Mbl )')Ke He pa3 o6paw,am-1eb K KHI!Ire

A.B.Cepreesa nsnb neT eTpOIIITenbeTsa 111 6opb6bl
KpaeHoro B03AYWHoro Q>noTa. XOTH aTo 1113AaHII1e
Bblwno ew,e s 1926 rOAY 111 e Tex nop Hill pa3y He nepe1113Aasanoeb, OHO 111 no ee~ AeHb OeTaeTes:l, no>Kany~, eAIIIHeTBeHHbiM nOAp06HbiM llleeneAOBaHI!IeM Ae~eTBI!I~ eOBeTeKO~ aslllal..\111111 B rOAbl rpa>KAaHeKO~ BO~Hbl.
KHI!Ira eoAep>KI!IT l..leHHbl~ 111eTOPI!1LieeKII1~ MaTeplllan, HO
noeKOnbKY Ceprees, HeeMOTPH Ha ero nepi!IOAIIILieeKI!Ie noe3AK111 Ha Q>pOHT, see >Ke OeTasanes:l TblnOBbiM WTa6HbiM
pa60THII1KOM (XOTS'l 111 OLieHb BbleOKOrO paHra), B ero 06beMHOM TPYAe HaMHOrO TOLIHee 111 nyLIWe npeAeTaBneHO I!IMeHHO eTp01!1TenbeTBO>> (TO eeTb BOnpOebl OpraHII13al..\111111,
eHa6>KeHI!1s:ll!1 Ka,D,pOBO~ noni!ITIIIKI!I}, a He 60pb6a (TO eeTb
HenoepeAeTseHHaH 6oesaH AeHTenbHOeTb).
B TOM, LITO KaeaeTeH 60pb6bl, Ceprees nopo~ nYTaeT
AaTbl, ynyeKaeT MHome sa>KHble anii130Abl, a IIIHOrAa rpeWIIIT OTKpOBeHHbiM Q>aHTa3epeTBOM (KaK B enyLiae e ABI!Iarpynno~ oeo6oro Ha3HaLieH111H). 0AHaKo s Aene eTpOI!ITenbeTsa aBTOp ropa3AO 6onee 1!1HQ>OpM1!1pOBaH 111 B
aTOM aeneKTe ero AOTOWHOMY aHani!13Y BnOnHe MO>KHO
AOBepHTb.
0A111H 1113 I!IHTepeeHbiX BbiBOAOB Cepreesa eOeTOIIIT B
TOM, LITO eoseTeKas:l asl!lal..\llls:l B rpa)I(AaHeKyiO BO~HY see
speMH pa6oTana senb1WK8MI!1. CMblen aToro o6pa3a noHHTb HeTPYAHO: HexsaTKa MaTepl!lanbHbiX peeypeOB, B
nepsy10 OLiepeAb eaMoneTOB 111 Tonn111sa, npi!IBOAI!Ina K TOMy, LITO noeTOHHHaH 6oesaH aKTIIIBHOeTb Ha seex HanpasneHIIIHX 6blna HeB03MO>KH8, a Ans:l OTAenbHbiX Kp8TKOBpeMeHHbiX onepal..\1!1~ npi!IXOAI!InOeb eo6111paTb e111nb1 111 epeAeTBa e APYrlllx yL~aeTKOB. B xoAe aTI!IX onepal..\111~ poen111 noTeplll, 6bleTpo 1!13Hawl!1sanaeb TexHI!IKa, eropan111 3anaebl
as111aTonn111Ba. 3aTeM HaCTynan ena,o,, so speMH KOToporo
onHTb wno HaKonneHI!Ie nopoxa AnH OLiepeAHO~
BenbiWKI!I>>.
nepso~ TaKo~ senbiWKO~ 6blna Ka3aHeKaH onepal..\llll'l s
asryeTe-eeHTH6pe 1918 roAa. ,IJ,anee MO>KHO Ha3BaTb see
TY >Ke As111arpynny oeo6oro Ha3HaLieHII1S'I, Hy 111, KOHeLIHO,
Ae~eTBI!Is:l asl!lal..\111111 Ha nonbeKOM Q>pOHTe B Mae 1920-ro.
noMIIIMO KpynHbiX onepal..\1!1~, nnaHI!IpyeMbiX 1!13 l..leHTpa, OTMeLianllleb 111 6onee MenKI!Ie BenbiWKI!I>> Q>pOHTOBOrO MaeWTa6a, Hanp111Mep no,D.D.ep>KKa asl!lal..\l!le~ Q>opel!lposaHI!IH
peKIII 6eno~ 111n111 6yxapeKaH onepal..\IIIH.

***

noeneAHHH senbiWKa 6oeso~ aKTI!IBHOeTIII KpaeHoro

B03AYWHOrO Q>nOTa, KOTOpyiO MO>KHO OTHeeTI!I K rpa)I(AaHeKO~ so~ He, npo1113owna )')Ke noene ee oQ>IIIl..llllanbHOro 3asepweH1!1s:l. 2 MapTa 1921 rOA8 npOTI!IB 60nbWeBII1KOB BOeeTan rapH1!130H KpoHwTa,o,Ta 111 aKI!Ina>KI!I MHOrl!lx 6oesblx
KOpa6ne~ 6anTI!1~eKOrO Q>noTa, BKniOL18s:l ni!IHKOpbl. XOTS'l
8HTI!1eOBeTeKI!1e BbleTYnneHI!Is:l TO 111 Aeno pa3ropan111eb no
see~ eTpaHe, KpOHWTa,D,TeKOe 6bln0 1113 HI!IX Ha11160nee eepbeaHbiM. Bo-nepBbiX, BOeeTanl!l MOps:lKI!I, eLII!ITaBWI!IeeH
eAB8 n111 He eaMO~ Ha,D,e>KHO~ onopo~ 6onbWeBII1eTeKOrO
pe>KIIIMa, a BO-BTOpbiX, np01!130WnO aTO B HenoepeAeTBeHHO~ 6ni!130eTI!1 OT <<KOnb16en111 pesoniOl..\111111>>. K TOMY >Ke 06w,ee Lll!leno BOeeTaBWI!IX npesOeXOAI!InO BeiO apMI!IIO 10AeH1!1LI8, KOTopaH s 1919-M eAsa He sopsanaeb s neTporpa,o,.
BoeeTaswllle BbiAB111Hynl!1 no3yHrl!1 ynpa3AHeHII1H KOMI!Ieeapos, OTMeHbl npOApa3BepeTKII1 111 npoBeAeHI!Is:l eB060AHbiX Bbi60pOB. 8 OTBeT 60nbWeBI!1K1!1 HaLianl!l eTI'lri!1B8Tb

BO~eKa.

noeKOnbKY KpOHWTa,lJ,T 1!13-3a esoero OeTpOBHOrO

nono>KeHI!IH 6bln HeAoeHraeM AnH noneso~ apT111nnep111111,
KniOLieByiO pOnb B rOTOBHW,e~es:l onepal..\111111 AOn>KHbl 6blnl!1
l!lrpaTb TH>Kenble 6eperOBble opyAI!IH 111 eaMoneTbl.
Bee asl!lal..\IIIOHHble 111 B03AyxonnasaTenbHble LlaeTI!I neTporpa,o,a 06beA111Hs:lnll1eb B ABe rpynnbl. nepsas:l eoeTOs:lna
1113 4 <<eyxOnYTHbiX OTPHAOB, B KOTOpbiX HaeLII!ITbiBanOeb 10
eaMOneTOB-pa3BeALI111KOB ( 1113 HI!IX TOnbKO 4 lllenpaBHbiX) 111 5
aapoeTaTos. BTopaH BKniOLiana TPIII MopeKIIIX asll1a,o,II1B1113111oHa, B TOM Lll!lene OAI!IH 1!1CTpe6111TenbHbl~, 111 HaeLII!ITbiBana
15 pa3BeAL1111KOB (6 lllenpaBHbiX) 111 12 1!1eTpe61!1Tene~ ( 4 l!lenpaBHbiX}.
TaKI!IM o6pa30M, HeeMOTps:l Ha TO, LITO BOT )')Ke nOLITI!I
nonTOpa roAa H1!1K8KI!1X BOeHHbiX Ae~eTBI!I~ nOA neTpOrpaAOM He senoeb, 1113 37 eaMoneTos n111wb 14 (MeHee 40%)
6blnl!1 6oeenoeo6Hbl. 3To eBI!IAeTenbeTsosano o6 o6w,eM
nnaLieBHOM eoeTOs:lHI!11!1 KpaeHoro 803AYWHOrO Q>nOTa.
Hani!ILIHble e111nb1 noeL1111Tan111 HBHO HeAOeTaTOLIHbiMI!I. KoMaHAOBaHI!Ie neTporpa,o,eKOrO BOeHHOrO OKpyra epOLIHO
3aTpe6osano nOAKpenneHI!I~ 1113 APYrlllx per111oHos. 111 y>Ke
5 MapTa B neTpOrpa,o, np1116b1na 3eKa,D,p1!1nbs:l 3ana,D,HOrO
Q>pOHTa e LleTblpbMs:l pa3BeAL11!1KaMI!1 111 14-10 1!1CTpe61!1TenHMI!1. KpOMe TOrO, Ha nOAaBneHI!Ie BOeeTaHI!Is:l HanpasnHnes:l
ew,e OAIIIH p83BeAOTPs:lA 111 T8K H83biBaeMOe 6oesoe 3BeHO Oeo6oro Ha3HaLieHI!1H, soopy>KeHHOe AanbHI!IMI!I pa3BeALI111KaMII1. npaBAa, OHI!I np1!16blnl!1 B neTpOrpa,o, TOnbKO
15 MapTa 111 He yenen111 npi!IHHTb yL~aeTI!Ie s eo6b1TII1HX.
6ecnOKO~eTBO Bbl3b1Bana He TOnbKO HexsaTKa TeXHI!IKI!I.
0AI!1H 1113 MOpeKIIIX 8BII1a,D,1!1BI!131!10HOB 2 MapTa Bblpa3111n nOAASP>KKY soeeT8BWI!1M. 8 TY >Ke HO'"Ib Ka3apMbl A111BI!131!10Ha
6blnl!1 OKp)I)KeHbl KpaeHbiMI!I BO~eK8MI!1 111 seeb ni!ILIHbl~ eoeTaS apeeTosaH. ,IJ,anbHe~waH eyAb6a aTIIIX niOAe~ Hell13seeTHa.
CoeTas asl!lal..\IIIOHHO~ rpynnlllpOBKI!I, coepeAOTOLieHHbl~
npoTIIIB KpoHWTa,D,Ta, 6bln seebMa neCTpbiM. B Hee BXOA111nll1 pa3BeALI111KII1 <<ctlapMaH-30 111 COnBIIILI-nOnYTOPaeTOeLIHbl~, 111eTpe6111Tenl!1 HbiOnop-17, -23, -24, Cna,o,-7
111 Cons111L1 KaMen, a TaK>Ke ri!IAponnaHbl M-9, M-15, M-20,
TpOQ>e~Hble WOpT-184 111 <<ctla~plll-1118.
CyxonYTHble eaMoneTbl pa3MeeTII1nl!1 Ha KoMeHAaHTeKOM
aapoApOMe neTporpa,o,a, a ri!IApoasl!lal..\11110 - Ha ri!IAPOAPOMe y rYTYeBeKOrO OeTpOBa.
np1!1Ka3oM PessoeHeoseTa Peeny6nii1KI!1 see as111ae1!1nb1
6b1n111 nOALIIIIHeHbl HaLianbHIIIKY ,IJ,e~CTByiOw,ero Bo3AYWHOro nOTa E.lii.TaTapLieHKO, a OH, B eBOIO OLiepeAb, M.H.TyxaLieBeKOMy, Ha3HaLieHHOMy pyKOBOAIIITeneM onepal..\111111 no nOA8BneHI!110 BOeeT8HI!1s:l.
YTpOM 6 MapTa Consi!ILI e KoMeHAaHTeKoro aapOAPOMa
snepBble BblneTen Ha KpoHwTa,o,T. 3KII1na>K npo1!13Ben Bl!13yanbHYIO pa3BeAKY 111 paa6poean Ha,D, KpenoeTbiO 20 Tble. nl!leTOBOK. np111 noea,o,Ke eaMoneT 1113-3a el!lnbHOro seTpa noTepnen asap11110, HO neTYIIIKI!I He noeTpa,D,anl!l. KoMaHAosaHIIIe npe>KAe seero IIIHTepeeosana esH3b noseTaHL\eB e
BHeWHI!IM Ml!lpOM. no aTOMy noBOAY neTHa6 AOnO>KI!In, LITO
HI!IKaKI!IX AOpOr 111n111 TpOni!IHOK Ha nbAy 111HeKOrO 3anii1B8 R
eTOpOHy 111Hns:lHAII1111 He 06Hap)I)KeHO.
7 MapTa AanbH06o~Hble OPYAIIIH HaLianl!l o6CTpen KpoHwTa,o,Ta, a LleTblpe ri!IApOeaMOneTa e6pOel!1nl!1 Ha OeTpOB
ew,e 30 Tble. nl!leTOBOK. np111 noea,o,Ke Ha KOMeHAaHTeKI!I~
aapoApOM pa36111neH KaMen. BeLiepoM TOro >Ke AHH nnaHIIIposanaeb rpynnosaH 6oM6apA111POBKa KpenoeTI!I, HO 1113
3a elllnbHoro eHerona,o,a noneT omo>KIIInl!l Ha YTPO.

IJocAeAHSUI <<BCllbiiiiKa>>, HTOfH

8 Mapra BHOBb Mena Merenb. no,o, ee npL-~KpbiTIIIeM Ha

KpoHwra,o,r ,D,BL-~HynL-~cb araKyiOLI.IL-~e u,enL-~ nexoTbl, HO OHL-1
6blnL-~ csoespeMeHHO o6Hap)0KeHbl L-~ o6crpens:lHbl 6eperosoill L-1 Kopa6enbHOill aprL-~nnepL-~eill. noHeCH 3Ha'-IL-~Tenb
Hble norepL-1, WTYPMOBble rpynnbl OTCTynL-~nL-1 OT KpenOCTL-1.
B aror >Ke ,o,eHb cosercKL-~e caMoneTbl c6pocL-~nL-~ nepsble
6oM6bl Ha KpoHwra,o,r L-1 nL-~HKOPbl s BoeHHOill rasaHL-~ ocrposa. Bcero s 6oM6ap,o,L-~pOBKe yyacrsosano 10 MaWL-~H,
HO rpynnosoro Hanera He nony'-IL-~nocb. AaponnaHbl B3neranL-~ noo,o,L-~HO'-IKe L-1 napaML-~: nepBblill craprosan B 13 Yacos, a nocne,o,HL-~ill- y>Ke nocne 17. 6oM6oMeraHL-~e socHOBHOM npOL-!3BO,D,L-InOCb no nL-~HKOpaM, npL-1'-IeM, onacas:lCb
3eHL-!TOK, 60M6L-~nL-1 C 60nbWOill BbiCOTbl (2000-4000 M) L-1
He ,o,o6L-~nL-~cb HL-1 o,o,Horo nona,o,aHL-~H. Bcero 6blno c6poweHo OKOnO 240 Kr 60M6. npL-1 B03Bpal.l.leHL-IL-1 ,D,Ba <<HbiOnopa norepnenL-~ asapL-~L-1, a o,o,L-~H 6bln pa36L-~r s,o,pe6e3rL-~.
no coo6l.l.leHL-~10 soccraswL-~x, s xo,o,e asL-~aHanera 6bln
y6L-IT pe6eHOK L-1 06pyweH K03blpeK nO,D,be3,o,a O,D,HOrO L-13
,o,oMos s KpoHwra,o,re. TaKL-~e pe3ynbraTbl Bbi3BanL-~ snonHe
nOHs:lTHOe pa3,o,pa>KeHL-~e COBeTCKOrO BOeHHOrO pyKOBO,D,CTBa. ABL-~aropaM CTpOro yKa3anL-~ <<H8 HeComaC088HHOCTb
noneT08 (e,LJ.MHM4Hbte noneTbt), Ha 4pe3MepHo 6onbWYIO
8biCOTY (. . .), H8 60flbWOM H8,LJ.Orpy3 60M68MM ( oco6eHHO
<<COn8M48M ), a T810Ke H8 6ecnopR,D.04HOCTb ,LJ.OHeCeHMM.

Qyepe,o,Hoill Haner cocroHnCH 11 Mapra. 1113 3a yrpeHHero ryMaHa nepBble aaponnaHbl noHBL-~nL-~cb Ha,o, KpenocrbiO
)')Ke nocne 14 Yacos. 3KL-~na>KL-~ c6pocL-~nL-~ 6oM6bl Ha nL-~H
KOPbl L-1 cy,D,OCTpOL-!TenbHblill 3aBO,D,, HO L-1 B 3TOT pa3 nona,o,aHL-~ill He OTMe'-leHO, XOTS'l OT,D,enbHble MaWL-!Hbl CHL-I>KanL-~Cb
,o,o 1000 M. no caMoneraM sencH c 3eMnL-~ pe,o,KL-~ill L-1 6ecnoPHA0'-1Hblill p)I)KeiiiHo-nyneMeTHblill orOHb. Pa3se,o,'-IL-~KL-~ o6Hap)0KL-~nL-~ ne,D,OBYIO ,D,Opory Me>K,D,y OCTpOBOM KOTnL-IH L-1
Q>L-~HCKL-IM 6eperOM, no KOTOpOill ,ll,BL-~ranOCb HeCKOnbKO
no,o,so,o,. 3a ,o,eHb cosercKaH asL-~au,L-~H cosepwL-~na 21 caMonero-sbmer, c6poCL-~B 40 6oM6 06l.I.IL-~M secoM OKOno
430 Kr. 3Q>Q>eKT OKa3ancH npaKTL-~'-IeCKL-1 HynesbiM. TpL-1 caMonera norepnenL-~ asapL-~L-1.
12 Mapra Tyxa'-leBCKL-~ill npL-~Ka3an: 830p88Tb c noMo~b/0 60M60M8T8HMR CKfl8,11,bl 83pbt848Tb/X 88~8CT8 M apTMnnepMMCKMX CH8pR,LJ.08 8 KpOHWT8,11,T8. 80 L-!CnOnHeHL-~e
aroro npL-~Ka3a Ha cne,o,yiOLI.IL-~ill ,o,eHb aaponnaHbl 6oM6L-~nL-~
nopoxOBble norpe6a, KOpa6nL-~ L-1 KpenocTHble Q>opTbl. npoL-~3Be,o,eHo 27 6oeBbiX Bblneros, c6poweHo 490 Kr 6oM6
L-1 45 Kr nL-~crosoK, pa36L-~ncH o,o,L-~H caMoner. Pe3ynbrar:
38M848HO 0/].HO nona,o,aHMe Me)I(,D,y KOpa6nRMM (f) M 0/].HO
nona,o,aHue 8 neTporpa,o,cKy/0 npucTaHb ...
He,D,OBOnbCTBO Ha'-lanbCTBa yCL-~nL-~BanOCb. neT'-IL-!KaM OTnpaBL-~nL-1 O'-lepe,o,HyiO reneQ>oHorpaMMy: <<8TOpM4HO yKa3bt8810, 4TO C8MOfl8Tbl 8btfl8T8/0T H8 6oM60M8T8HMe 8
O,LJ.MH04Ky, 4TO He npOL-1380/].MT H8 npOTM8HMK8 ,LJ.OCT8T04HOrD 8n848Tn8HMR. npe,D.nara/0 C8Mb/MM peWMT8flbHbiMM
M8p8MM ycTp8HMTb 3TO M Harpy>K8Tb C8MOfl8Tb/ 38 C48T
6eH3MH8 /].0 M8KCMMYM8. KOM8HIJ.YIO~MM 7-i:r apMMeM npMK838fl o6paTMTb 8HMM8HM8 neT4MK08 H8 T04H08 8btnOnHeHMe 38,11,8HMM.
Cepbe3Hoe npe,o,ynpe>K,D,eHL-~e B03b1Meno ,o,eillcrsL-~e.

13 Mapra Ha KpoHwra,o,r 6bmo c6poweHo )')Ke 720 Kr 6oM6.

0TMe'-leHbl y,D,a'-IHble nona,o,aHL-!s:l B npL-~CTaHb L-1 <<B 6ap>Ky, KOTOpas:l 3a,D,biML-~nacb. 3eHL-~THaH aprL-~nnepL-~H KpenocrL-~ sena no caMoneraM BHnblill L-1 HenpL-~u,enbHblill orOHb.
HaL-~6onee MOLI.IHas:l 60M6ap,D,L-!pOBKa B CO'-IeTaHL-IL-1 C apT06crpenOM nnaHL-~posanacb 16 Mapra, HaKaHyHe pewaIOLI.Iero wrypMa KpenOCTL-1. Ho BCIO nepByiO nonOBL-IHY ,ll,Hs:l
CTOI'ln nnOTHblill ryMaH. ,IJ,O TeMHOTbl ycnenL-1 C,D,enaTb
13 Bblneros, c6pocL-~Tb 175 Kr 6oM6 L-1 85 Kr nmeparypbl.
ner'-IL-~K WML-~,D,T ,o,o6L-~ncH nepsoro 3a speMH Haneros nona,o,aHL-~H 10-Q>yHrosoill 6oM6bl s KOPMY nL-~HKopa <<nerponasnoscK. ,IJ,pyrL-~e nL-~nOTbl o6crpenL-~sanL-~ L-~3 nyneMeros
rpynnbl n10,o,eill Ha ynL-~u,ax ropo,o,a L-1 Ha nerporpa,o,cKoill
npL-ICTaHL-1. no B03Bpal.l.leHL-IL-1 3KL-~na>KL-1 ,D,OKna,D,biBanL-1, '-ITO

BCS'l KpenOCTb B ,ll,biMY nO>KapOB OT nona,o,aHL-~ill Ts:l>KenbiX

cHapH,D,OB. KoppeKTL-~POBKy aprorHH senL-~ aapocraTbl 11ro B03,o,yxoorpH,o,a L-13 pailloHa OnbrL-~HO.
17 Mapra COBeTCKL-!e neT'-IL-IKL-1 Ha6niO,D,anL-~ C B03,D,yxa, KaK
crpenKOBble u,enL-~ B 6enb1X MacKXanarax no,o, opy,o,L-~iiiHbiM
orHeM ,D,BL-~>KyrcH c pa3Hb1X HanpasneHL-~ill Ha wrypM KpenoCTL-1. 8 3TOT ,D,eHb L-IHTeHCL-IBHOill 60M6ap,o,L-~pOBKe BHOBb
no,o,seprnL-~Cb nL-~HKOpbl L-1 Q>OpT TOrne6eH. neT'-IL-IK nL-~H
,o,enb ,o,ono>KL-~n o npHMOM nona,o,aHL-~L-1 6oM6bl B nany6y
,,nerponasnoscKa, Bbi3BasweM no>Kap (s ,o,anbHeillweM
coo6l.l.leHL-~e o no>Kape He no,o,rsep,o,L-~nOcb). B 17 yacos Ha
aapo,o,pOMbl nocrynL-~n npL-~Ka3 6oM6e>KKL-1 npeKpaTL-~Tb, TaK
KaK B KpOHWTa,D,T BOpsanL-~Cb nepe,D,OBble OTps:l,D,bl COBeTCKL-IX BOiiiCK. 8 TOT ,o,eHb KpacHas:l asL-~aU,L-!s:l pa6orana C HaL-160nbweill aKTL-IBHOCTbiO, COBepWL-IB 33 6oe8biX Bblnera L-1
c6pOCL-IB 790 Kr 60M6.
Bc10 HO'-Ib B KpoHwra,o,re wnL-~ ynL-~'-IHble 6oL-~, a Hayrpo
18 Mapra nocne,D,HL-~e O'-larL-~ conporL-~sneHL-~s:l noscraHu,eR
KanL-~TynL-~pOBanL-~.

3a 10 ,ll,Heill KPOHWTa,D,TCKOill onepaU,L-!L-1, L-13 KOTOpbiX

4 6blnL-1 HeneTHbiML-1, COBeTCKas:l asL-~aU,L-Is:l COBepWL-~na
137 BblneTOB L-1 c6pOCL-~na OKOnO 2700 Kr 60M6. E,o,L-IHCTBeHHbiM pe3ynbTaTOM 3TL-IX ,D,eiiiCTBL-Iill 6blnO MOpanbHOnCL-IXOnOrL-1'-IeCKOe B03,o,eillcrsL-~e Ha npOTL-~BHL-~Ka. BbiXO,D,L-IBWaH B KpenocrL-~ ra3era <<ll13secrL-~H BpeMeHHOro pesoniOU,L-~OHHoro KOML-!Tera KpOHWTa,D,Ta nOCTOs:lHHO nL-~cana
06 aBL-!aHaneTaX, npL-13HaBas:l, '-ITO y HeKOTOpOill '-laCTL-1 MaTpOCOB (OC06eHHO y HOB06paHU,eB L-13 cenbCKOill MeCTHOCTL-1) OHL-1 Bbl3biBanL-~ <<naHL-1'-IeCKOe HacrpoeHL-~e. 80 BpeMs:l
6oM6e>KeK aKL-~na>KL-1 cy,o,os npHranL-~Cb B TPIOMax L-1 ,o,nH
crpenb6bl no caMoneraM BbiXO,D,L-~nL-1 no >Kpe6L-~IO.
nocKOnbKY COBeTCKL-18 neT'-IL-IKL-1 06bi'-IHO 6oM6L-~nL-1 C
6onbWL-IX BbiCOT (CBbiWe 1000 M), KpOHwra,D,TCKL-~ill PeBKOM
BCKOpe 3anperL-~n crpenHTb no aaponnaHaM L-~3 BL-IHTOBOK L-1
nyneMeros, cnpase,o,nL-~BO Ha3sas aro <<a6coniOTHO 6ecu,enbHOill rparoill narpoHOB. OroHb 3eHL-~THOill aprL-~nnepL-~L-1
raK>Ke 6bln Hea<t><t>eKTL-~BeH L-~3-3a cna6oill no,o,rorOBKL-1 pacYeros. CoorsercrseHHO, 3a see speMH onepau,L-~L-1 HL-1 o,o,L-~H
caMoner He TOnbKO He 6bln c6L-~T, HO ,o,a>Ke He nony'-IL-~n 6oesbiX nospe>K,D,eHL-~ill. O,o,HaKO ML-IHL-~MYM ,o,eBHTb annaparos
norepnenL-~ asapL-~L-1 (cKopee scero - 6onbwe, raK KaK no
nocne,D,HL-IM BblneTaM ,D,aHHble OTCYfCTBYIOT), npL-~'-IeM ,D,Ba
L-~3 HL-~X y>Ke He no,o,ne>KanL-~ peMoHry.
HL-~KaKoro peanbHOro Yl.l.lep6a, 3a L-~CKniO'-IeHL-~eM <<6ap>KL-~,
KOropaH 3a,D,biML-~nacb, 6oM6ap,o,L-~pOBKL-1 He npL-~HecnL-~. ,IJ,a
L-1 CTpaHHO 6blnO O>KL-I,D,aTb, '-ITO 10-20-Q>yHTOBble 60M60'-IKL-1
MOryr 3aMeTHO nospe,D,L-!Tb nL-~HeiiiHble KOpa6nL-~ C L-IX 6poHeBbiML-1 nany6aML-~ L-~nL-1 npo6L-~Tb roncry10 KaMeHHYIO Kna,o,KY 6eperOBbiX Q>opros. KpacHblill Bo3,o,yWHblill Q>nor raK L-1
He CMOr Bbi,D,enL-~Tb HL-1 O,ll,HOrQ CaMonera CO CKOnb-HL-~6y,D,b
npL-~nL-1'-IHOill 6oM6osoill Harpy3KOill. noaroMy see KOHKperHble 3a,o,aHL-~s:l, nocrasneHHble nepe,o, asL-~aropaML-1 (BbiBecTL-1 L-13 CTpOs:l nL-~HKOPbl, B30pBaTb CKna,D,bl 6oenpL-~naCOB),
ocranL-~Cb HesbmOnHeHbl.
liiTOrL-1 KpOHWTa,D,TCKOill OnepaLJ,L-IL-1 o6ycnOBL-InL-1 HeyreWL-~TenbHblill BbiBO,D,: 803/J.YWHbte Cpe,D.CT88 (. . .) 6btnM
npMrO,LJ.Hbl flMWb /].flR ~enei:r p8388/].KI1, H86fl/O,LJ.8HMR M ,LJ.nR
MOp8flbHOrO 803/].8MCT8MR (. . .) 11 flMWb npu OTCYTCT811M CO
cTOpOHbt npOTM8HI1Ka 803/J.YWHbtx cpe,LJ.CT8 11 npoTM80803IJ.YWHOi1 apTunnep11M ... ". TaKL-~M

o6pa30M, 3a npowe,o,wL-~e
C peBOniOU,L-IL-1 rO,D,bl 6oeBble B03MO>KHOCTL-1 pOCCL-IiiiCKOill
asL-~aU,L-~L-1 ynanL-~ HacronbKO, '-ITO OHa nepecrana 6b1Tb peanbHOill soeHHOill CL-~noill. B03AYWHblill Q>nor PoccL-~illcKOill
li!MnepL-!L-1, CMeHL-!BWL-Iill Tpexu,BeTHble KpyrL-1 Ha KpaCHble
3Be3,D,bl, cropen B TOnKe rpa>K,D,aHCKOill BOiiiHbl.

***
HanOMHL-IM, '-ITO K Ha'-lany KOHQ>nL-~KTa Ha TeppL-!TOpL-!L-1
CosercKoill PoccL-~L-~ Haxo,o,L-~nocb OKono 1400 caMoneros.
B nocne,o,yiOLI.IL-~e ,o,sa ro,o,a L-~X KOnL-~Yecrso nocrOHHHO co-

IJOCAeAHSUI <<BCfibiiiiKa>>, HTOrH

Kpaw,anOeb L-1 K seeHe 1920-ro AOeTL-~rnO npL-~MepHO 700

MaWL-~H. Ho L-1 L-~3 ::noro YL-~ena noYTL-1 nonosL-~Ha eTa6L-~nbHO
npe6blsana s peMOHTe. OAHL-1 annapaTbl SbiXOAL-~nL-1 L-13 peMOHTHbiX u,exos, APYrL-~e TYT >Ke 3aHL-~ManL-~ L-~X MeeTO. TaKOe nono>KeHL-~e Aen He Morno He eKa3aTbeH Ha 6oesoM
npL-~MeHeHL-!L-1. EenL-1 neTOM 1918-ro pyKOSOAeTSO KpaeHOro B03AYWHOrO Q>nOTa L-!Meno S03MO>KHOeTb OTHOeL-~Tenb
HO pasHOMepHo paenpeAenHTb aaponnaHbl no Q>pOHTaM L-1
Aa>Ke Aep>KaTb YTO-TO s pe3epse, TO seero Yepe3 rOA
npL-~wnoeb HaYaTb Sbi6L-~paTb, KyAa OTnpasnHTb nononHeHL-Is:l. B pe3ynbTaTe y>Ke e L-~IOHH 1919-ro npeKpaTL-~nL-~eb
nOCTaSKL-1 eaMoneTOS Ha BoeTOYHbiCi Q>pOHT S nOnb3Y 3anaAHOrO L-1 IO>KHoro.
B HaYane 1920 roAa none AnH MaHespa ew,e 6onee ey3L-~nOeb, L-1 see, YTO 6b1no u,eHHoro, eoepeAOTOYL-~nL-1 Ha OAHOM nOnbeKOM Q>pOHTe. 3aTeM, npL-~MepHO S eepeAL-~He neTa, asL-~aL.J,L-110 SHOSb eTanL-1 nepe6paebiSaTb Ha IO>KHbiCi
Q>poHT, Aa>Ke u,eHOCi oroneHL-~s:l nonbeKoro. B03HL-~Kna eL-~ry
au,L-~H, L-~MeHyeMaH s npoeTopeYL-~L-1 TPL-~WKL-~H KaQ>TaH. TeM
speMeHeM YL-~eno eaMOneTOS npOAOn>Kano eHL-~>KaTbes:l L-1 K
eeHTs:l6p10 eoeTasnHnO npL-~MepHO 600 WTyK, L-13 KOTOPbiX
He 6onee 300 MOrnL-~ eYL-~TaTbeH snonHe 6oeenoeo6HbiML-~.
BoCiHa HeyKnOHHO nepeManblsana eoseTeKyiO asL-~aU,L-~10.
8 3TOCi ess:l3L-1 HanpawL-~saeTes:l SbiSOA, 'iTO TOnbKO OKOHYaHL-~e soeHHbiX AeCieTsL-~Ci oeeHbiO 1920-ro enaeno KpaeHbiCi S03AYWHbiCi Q>nOT eenL-1 He OT rL-~6enL-~, TO no KpaCiHeCi
Mepe OT npespaw,eHL-!s:l S YL-!eTO <<AeKOpaTL-!SHOe s:lSneHL-~e.
B eaMOM Aene npL-~ TaKL-~X TeMnax eoKpaw,eHL-~s:l eaMoneTHOro napKa ew,e OAHOCi nonHOMaewTa6HoCi KaMnaHL-~L-1
PKKBct:> 6bl npoCTo He SbiAep>Kan. TeM 6onee, YTO asL-~a
npOMbiWneHHOeTb no-npe>KHeMy HaXOAL-~naeb s rny6oYaCiweM ynaAKe, a <<nOnbeKL-~e L-1 spaHreneseKL-~e TpoQ>eL-~ no
epasHeHL-110 e AeHL-IKL-IHeKL-IML-1 6blnL-! HL-I'iTO>KHbl.
AaHHbiCi SbiSOA nOATsep>KAaeTeH MpaYHbiM KOMMeHTapL-~eM HaLJanbHL-IKa rYBBct:> K.B.AKawesa. B AOKnaAe PessoeHeoseTy Peeny6nL-~KL-1, eoeTasneHHOM no OKOHYaHL-~L-1
rpa)I(AaHeKOCi SOCiHbl, OH nL-~ean: fi13HOW8HHOCTb, 48XOT04HOe COCTORHMe T8XHM48CKOM 48CTM (/)nOTa B /],OnOnHeHMe K nnoxoill nO/],rOTOBKe neT4MKOB M OTCYTCTBM/0 3neM8HTapHOrD o6opy/l,OB8HMR 83PO/l,pOMOB /1,88T orpOMHbiM
npoU,eHT 8B8pMM. (. . .) (/)nOT rM6HeT; OH M8/l,fl8HHO, HO
BepHO M/1,8T K CMepTM>>.

Beero 3a rOAbl rpa)I(AaHeKOCi sOCiHbl Yepe3 PKKBct:> npowno He MeHee 2400 eaMoneTos, L-~3 HL-IX 558 sbmyeTL-~nL-1
asL-~a3aSOAbl (eM. rnasy 4) L-1 OKono 250 6b1no 3axsaYeHo y
HenpL-~HTenH. K seeHe 1921-ro oemnoeb nopHAKa 400 MaWL-IH. TaKL-~M o6pa30M, 3a TPL-1 roAa 6e3S03spaTHble noTepL-~
AOeTL-~rnL-1 nOYTL-1 2000 eaMoneTOS.
noAaSns:liOW,ee 60nbWL-!HeTSO L-13 HL-IX eOeTasnHna <<eeTeeTSeHHas:l y6blnb S pe3ynbTaTe enL-~eaHL-Is:l L-13HOWeHHOCi, Sblpa6omsweCi peeype L-1 npoeTo erHL-~sweCi OT nnoXL-IX yenosL-~Ci xpaHeHL-~s:l asL-~aTexHL-~KL-1. CsbiWe 500 aaponnaHos 6b1no pa36L-~TO s asapL-~HX L-1 KaTaCTpoQ>ax. Ew,e He
MeHee eOTHL-1 AOeTanOeb npOTL-ISHL-IKY Ha aapOAPOMaX, S
saroHax, a TaK>Ke Ha eKnaAaX L-1 6a3ax, 3axsaYeHHbiX HenpL-~HTeneM. 6onee 70 MaWL-~H 6blnL-~ <<yrHaHbl nepeneTeswL-~ML-1 K 6en~M KpaesoeHneTaML-1 L-~nL-1 yTpayeH~
seneAeTSL-Ie SbiHY>KAeHHbiX (OWL-160YHbiX) noeaAOK Ha
spa>KeeKOCi TeppL-!TOpL-!L-1. 3HaYL-~TenbHOe YL-~eno eaMOneTOSnOrL-~6noHa3eMneOTeTL-IXL-!CiH~X6eAeTSL-!Ci,nO>Kapos

L-1 >Kene3HOAOPO>KHbiX KaTaCTpoQ> (A.B.Ceprees nL-~ean,

'iTO npL-1 ASL-I>KeHL-!L-1 no >Kene3Hb1M AOporaM TOnbKO OT napOS03HbiX L-~eKp eropeno Ha OTKPbiTbiX nnaTQ>OpMaX HeeKOnbKO AeeHTKOs annapaTos).
HaKOHeU,, Ha noeneAHeM MeeTe eTOI'lnL-1 HenoepeAeTSeHHO 6oeSble nOTepL-1, TO eeTb eaMOneTbl, e6L-!Tble S S03AYWHb1X 60s:lX L-~nL-~3eHL-ITHbiML-1 epeAeTSaML-1, a TaK>Ke- YHL-I'iTO>KeHHble npL-1 60M6e>KKaX L-1 apT06eTpenax. 8 eOSOKynHOeTL-1 OHL-1 eoeTaSns:lnL-1 MeHee 50 MaWL-!H, L-~nL-1 OKOnO 2,5% OT
o6w,ero YL-~ena noTepb.

CornaeHo o6o6w,eHHbiM HaML-~ AaHHbiM, 6enorsapAeli1L-1 aHrnL-~Ii1eKL-~e 6oM6bl yHL-~YTO>KL-~nL-~ 9 L-~nL-~ 10 eaMoneTos, S TOM YL-~ene 4(5) rL-~ApOnnaHOS, pa36L-!TbiX 17.9.19 Ha
6ap>Ke <<KOMMyHa (eM. rnasy 10). noTepL-1 OT 3eHL-ITHOrO
OrHs:l TPYAHee nOAAaiOTes:l yYeTy, noeKOnbKy AMeKO He
seerAa MO>KHO TOYHO onpeAenL-~Tb, YeM Sbi3SaHO naAeHL-~e
MaWL-!Hbl: nonOMKOii1, Q>aTanbHOii1 OWL-16KOii1 nL-~nOTa L-~nL-1
>Ke 6oesbiML-~ nospe>KAeHL-~HML-1. CnyYaes, no KOTOpbiM
eeTb TOYHble AaHHble, 'iTO eoseTeKL-~Ii1 aaponnaH 6bln e6L-~T
orHeM e 3eMnL-~, 3a se10 soCiHy Ha6epeTeH He 6onee Tpex
Aees:lTKOS. 3TO 06bs:leHHeTes:l Q>aKTL-IYeeKL-IM OTeYTeTSL-IeM
y L-~HTepseHTOs L-1 6enorsapAeli1u,es 3eHL-~THOii1 apTL-~nnepL-~L-1
(<<npOTL-ISOaaponnaHHble OPYAL-Is:l eTOs:lnL-1 TOnbKO Ha HeKOTOpbiX 6poHenoe3AaX), a TaK>Ke TeM, 'iTO 60nbWL-1HeTSO
noneTos eosepwanoeb Ha SbleOTax 6onee KL-~nOMeTpa,
rAe py>Keli1Ho-nyneMeTHblli1 orOHb e 3eMnL-~ ManoaQ>Q>eKTL-1seH.
YTO KaeaeTes:l S03AYWHbiX 6oes, TO OHL-1 S rpa)I(AaHeKOii1
SOii1He 6blnL-1 Kpali1He peAKL-IM HsneHL-~eM, a Y>K pe3ynbTaTL-ISHble exsaTKL-1 L-1 sosee MO>KHO nepeeYL-~TaTb no nanbu,aM.
npaKTL-~YeeKL-~ see OHL-1 onL-~eaHbl Ha eTpaHL-~u,ax Haweli1 KHL-1rL-~. npeAeTaSL-IM eSOAHble AaHHble S SL-~Ae Ta6nL-~U,bl:
eKL-~e

"U1Cno B03AYWHbiX no&EA

( CaMoneTbl/33pOCT3Tbl)
1918

1919

1/-

6enorsapAeli1u,bl

1/-

AHrnL-~YaHe

1920

111TOrD

4*/-

4/-

9/-

-/1
1/2

2/3

3/4
1/2
1/3
5/9

CoseTeKaH
asL-~au,L-~H

nonHKL-1
Beero

1/-

1/3
3/6

1/3

* BKn/048R caMoneT, c6MTbtM B03/l,yxonnaaaTeneM KoHoKOTMHbtM.

KeTaTL-1, S eoseTeKOii1 L-~eTOPL-IYeeKOii1 nL-~Teparype noeTOs:lHHO Q>L-~rypL-~pyeT U,L-!Q>pa S 20 eaMOneTOS, s:lK06~ e6L-~Tb1X
KpaeHbiML-1 neTYL-!KaML-1 s rpa)I(AaHeKOii1 soli1He. HenOHs:lTHO,
OTKYAa S3s:lnOeb 3TO YL-~eno, OAHaKO Ha OeHose TUJ,aTenbHOro L-~3yYeHL-~H apxL-~sHbiX AaHHbiX Mbl MO>KeM YTsep>KAaTb,
'iTO OHO He eOOTSeTeTsyeT Aeli1eTSL-1TenbHOeTL-1.
PaeeMOTPL-~M Tenepb noTepL-~ KpaeHoro B03AYWHoro
Q>nOTa S nL-~YHOM eOCTase (eM.Ta6n.)

niOACKiitE nOTEPiit PKKBCI

B rPA>KAAHCKOH BOHHE
(no A3HHbiM A.B.Cepreeaa)
nepL-~oA

6oesble

He6oesble

Bcero

nL-~nOTbl

neTHa6bl

nL-~nOTbl

neTHa6bl

1918
1919
01-08.
1920

31
65

9
18

52
83

14
49

106
215

51

12

21

14

98

IIITOrD

147

39

158

77

419

npuMe4aHue. B 6oeabte noTepu, noMMMO y6MTbtx,

BKn/048Hbt paHeHbte, nneHHbte u nponaawue 6e3 aecTu, a
TaK>Ke - >KepTBb/ 888pMM M K8T8CTpOtjJ, npOM30We,tl,WMX B
6oeBbiX Bb/fl8T8X. HeM3B8CTHO, K K8KOM K8TeropMM OTHeCeHbl nepe6e>K4MKM M BKfl/048Hbl nM OHM B006~e B 3TY
m6nuu,y.

IJocAeAHSUI (<BCfibiiiiKa>>, MTOfM

KaK BL-IAL-IM, U,L-!Q>pbl HeManble, HO 3TOT ypOH B 3HaYL-~Tenb
Mepe socnonHs:mcH 3a CYeT neTHbiX WKCn, npL-~sneYe
HL-Is:l L-IHOCTpaHu,es* L-1 06yYeHL-!s:l noneTaM aapOAPOMHOrO
nepcoHana. A c HaYana 1920 roAa s PKKB nOHBL-~ncH HOBbl~ L-ICTOYHL-IK nononHeHL-Is:l nepeweAWL-~e Ha CTOpOHY
KpaCHbiX 6biBWL-~e asL-~aTopbl-6enorsapAe~u,bL HaL-~6onee
MaccOBbl~ nepexoA npoL-~3owen nocne pa3rpoMa KonYaKa, KOrAa B KpaCHbl~ 803AYWHbl~ Q>nOT BnL-~nOCb cpa3y 57
6enbiX neTYL-IKOB. Ellie OKOno 40 YenoseK CAanL-~Cb s nneH L-1
cornacL-~nL-~cb cny>KL-~Tb y KpacHbiX nocne nopa>KeHL-~H ,IJ,eHL-~
KL-~Ha. npaBAa, HeKOTOpble L-13 HL-IX (nopyYL-IKL-1 KOHCTaHTL-1HOB L-1 ,IJ,o6posonbCKL-1~, ecayn TapapL-~H) noTOM onHTb nepeneTenL-~ K 6enbiM.
1!13 6biBWL-IX AeHL-!KL-IHCKL-IX neTYL-IKOB L-1 TpOQ>e~HO~ TeXHL-1KL-1 BeCHO~ 1920-ro cQ>opML-~posanL-1 52-~ asL-~aOTPHA, HO
L-13-3a onaceHL-1~ B ero HaAe>KHOCTL-1 3TOT OTps:lA see speMs:l
Aep>KanL-~ noAanbwe OT Q>poHTa. KonYaKOBU,bl >Ke, HanpoTL-~B, Hennoxo nosoesanL-~ c nonHKaML-~, o YeM Mbl Y>Ke nL-~ca
nL-~, a KOe-KTO Aa>Ke yYaCTsosan s 6oHx npOTL-IB BpaHrenH.
AsL-~aU,L-!OHHble yye6Hble 3aBeAeHL-Is:l 3a r0Abl rpa)I(AaHCKO~ BO~Hbl BblnYCTL-InL-1 155 neTYL-IKOB L-1 75 neTHa60B. nononHeHL-15! L-13 APYrL-~x L-~CTOYHL-IKOB coCTasnHnL-1 He MeHbWYIO
u,L-~Q>py. 6naroAaPH 3TOMy K L-~IOniO 1920 rOAa s PKKB cny>KL-~nL-1 383 neTYL-~Ka L-1 197 neTHa6os (s OKTH6pe 1918-roCOOTBeTCTBeHHO- 269 L-1 59). TaKL-IM 06pa30M, AeQ>L-~L.J,L-IT
KaAPOB COBeTCKO~ asL-~aL.J,L-IL-1 He rp03L-In, YerO He CKa>KeWb 0
AeQ>L-~U,L-!Te TeXHL-IKL-1.
HO~

I!ITOrL-1 pa60Tbl KpaCHOrO 803AYWHOro <t>noTa B rpa>K1918-1920 r0AOB nOABeAeHbl B Ta6nL-~u,e.

B03MO>KHO, 3TL-1 u,L-~Q>pbl HenonHble, TaK KaK HeL-~3BeCTHO,
BKniO~eHbl nL-~ s HL-IX, HanpL-~Mep AaHHble no asL-~au,L-~L-~ ,IJ,BP,
YCCP L-~nL-1 6aKL-~HCKO~ KOMMYHbl. CKopee scero 3AeCb TaK>Ke OTCYTCTBYIOT CBeAeHL-!s:l no HeKOTOpbiM asL-~aOTps:lAaM,
'lbs:l AOKyMeHTau,L-~H 6blna 3axsaYeHa npOTL-IBHL-IKOM L-~nL-1
YHL-IYTO>KeHa B XOAe BOeHHbiX Ae~CTBL-1~. KpOMe TOro, Bbl3biBaiOT COMHeHL-Is:l OYeHb Y>K Kpyrnble nOKa3aTenL-~ no MOp-

AaHCKO~ BO~He

CKO~ asL-~aL.J,L-~L-1.

TeM He MeHee, npL-!Hs:ld 3a OCHOBY U,L-~Q>py B 20000 6oeBbiX BblneTOB L-1 YYL-ITbiBas:l, 'iTO Ha Q>pOHTaX rpa)I(AaHCKO~
BO~Hbl n06biBano npL-~MepHO 2000 COBeTCKL-IX CaMOneTOB,
MO>KHO nOACYL-!TaTb, 'iTO Ha Ka)I(AyiO MaWL-~Hy npL-IXOAL-InOCb
B cpeAHeM no 10 BblneTOB, He CYL-!Tas:l nepeneTOB, TpeHL-1pOBOK, onpo6osaHL-~~ nocne c6opKL-1 L-~nL-1 peMOHTa L-1 T.A.
KOHeYHO, nO COBpeMeHHbiM MepKaM 3TO 'iL-!CnO CMeXOTBOpHO, HO eCnL-1 BCnOMHL-ITb, B KaKL-IX ycnOBL-Is:lX L-1 Ha KaKO~
TexHL-~Ke soesanL-~ KpacsoeHneTbl, K AaHHOMY noKa3aTeniO
cneAyeT OTHOCL-ITbCs:l 6onee ysa>KL-!TenbHO.
3noxa rpa:>i'AaHCKO~ BO~Hbl 3asepWL-~naCb, a BMeCTe C
He~ 3aKaHYL-1BaeTCs:l L-1 HaWa KHL-~ra. 8 3aKniOYeHL-~e OTMeTL-IM, YTO 3a 6oeBble 3acnyrL-~ s 1919-1921 rOAax Bblcwe~
COBeTCKO~ HarpaAO~ TOrO BpeMeHL-1 - OpAeHOM KpaCHOro 3HaMeHL-~ - 6blnL-~ Harpa)I(AeHbl 216 asL-~aTopos, 19 L-~3
HL-IX- ABa)I(Abl, a n.X.Me>Kepayn, ~.H.MOL-!Cees, C.A.MoHaCTblpes L-~lii.Y.nasnos- TPL-I>KAbl.

HTOnt 60EBOA AE~TE.nbHOCTH KPACHOrO B03AYWHOrO <l>JlOTA

B rPA>KAAHCKOA BOAHE
CyxonyTHa5l
as111au,11151

MopcKaH
aslllaU,III5l

B03AYXOnJlasaHL-~e

BCEIO

6oesblx
Bblll8TOB

17377

2000

2044*

21421

HalleT (Yac)

23257

4300

3281

30838

C6poweHo
6oM6 (Kr)

59788

34720

94508

C6poweHo
arii!TaU,IIIOHHOiii
lliiiTeparypbl (Kr)

8896

104

9000

noKa3aT8Jllll

Ko11w~eCTBO

* n0/1,beMOB 8:3pOCT8TOB

* XOTfl

B COBeTCKOift 88148/..IMM M He 6blfl0 opr8HM30B8HH0f"O H860p8 MHOCTp8HHbiX HaeMHMK08 (MnM .0,06pOBOflbl.le8), 0 KOTOpbiX 6e3.0,0Ka-

38TeflbHO nMWeT pR.O, 38n8/l,Hb/X M3.0,8HMifl, 8 HeKOTOpbiX 8BM80Tpfi.0,8X BCTpe'laflMCb neT'IMKM MHTepH84MOH8flMCTbl" 143 ABCTpMM, BeHrpMM Mfl/4 fepM8HMM.

IlpHAO>KeHJHI

@XtJJ3J]]JjJ~ ?OOJ]]JM ~~m ~&mA~?ru~~

rn!JPlllm~JmJml]!1]JJm~ ru Ir'IPJ~[ftl]]~oo mllioo~
HbiOnOP-17

A
<"777?:n=eu-

8,16 M;
5,8 M;
B3neTHbiH aec - 560 Kr;

Pa3Max AI1HHa -

165 KM/~;
2000 M - 6,5 MHH;

CKOpOCTb MaKCHManbHaRBpeMR Ha6opa BbiCOTbl

nOTOnOK -

5300 M.

IlpMAO>KeHJHI

HbiOnOP-21

-----I

\~_k~~~-1~--T~~~~~~L_J~l

ll

~ l

T ~~

lr

/1

(I

IP

\eim
~

1\

7,52 M;
5,9 M;
B3neTHbiH aec - 550 Kr;
CKOpOCTb MaKCHManbHaR- 160 KM/~;
apeMR Ha6opa BbiCOTbl 2000 M - 5,5 MHH;
noTonoK - 4800 M.
Pa3Max -

AJIHHa -

IlpHAO>KeHJHI

HbiOnOP-246Mc

XBOCTOBOe onepeHMe

HbiOnopa-24

lr
I

- -- - -

I
I

-1
I

''

II

. -- -

lr

- -

cz:zz ~~

4-

8,21 Mi
5,87 Mi
a311eTHbiH aec - 547 Kr;
Pa3Max -

AJIHHa -

175 KM/~i
2000 M - 5,4 MHHi

CKOpOCTb MaKCHManbHaR BpeMR Ha6opa BbiCOTbl

nOTOnOK -

5900 M,

npMMe'IOHMe: B POCCMM H03BOHMe HbiOnOp-246MC nO'ITM He ynoTpe6mmOCb, M B 60nbWMHCTBe OBMOI.IMOHHbiX AOKyMeHTOB nepMOAO rpa:JKAOHCKOM BOMHbl ace HbiOnOpbl C rpaHeHbiMM cjll03en!UKOMM H03biBOnMCb HbiOnOp-24.

IlpHAO>KeHHB

CnAaS-VII

lr

I-

I
I

I
I
I

I
I
I

l,~. ~

- -

lr
.:S: I

'"

.....,.,..

"'

tl

I
I

~ ......

lL

,...... ............ ~

i"-r--.1"'--

"}_

. . . v ,...._

j)
7,76 Mi
6, 18 Mi
705 Kr;
CKOpOCTb MaKCHMani>HaR- 185 KM/~i
BpeMR Ha6opa BbiCOTbl 2000 M - 6,2 MHHi
nOTOnOK - 5500 M.
Pa3Max-

AJIHHa B3neTHWH aec -

npMM8'10HMe: npMB8A8Hbl AOHHb18 AJIII CGMOneTO pyCCKOM noCTpoMKM C ABMfOTeneM B

150 n,c,

IlpHAO>KeHJHI

COnBM'i nOnYTOPACTOE'iHbiM))

I I I I I I I I I I II I I II

lI II II

I I I I ll

rl
azzzz

I I I I I I II I I II

''e:e ...

p a3Max- 10,2 Mi
All HHa -7,7M;

\I

B311eTHWH aec - 975 Kr;

CKOpOCTb MaKCHManbHaR - 160 KM/~i
BpeMR Ha6opa BbiCOTbl 2000 M- 9,1 MHHi
nOTOnOK - 4200 Mi
6oM6oaaR Harpy3Ka - 50 Kr.

1\

')

II II

IlpHAO>KeHJHI

COnBM'i K3MEII

r a

If

(/ I ~ I

I I I I I I I I \ I

I l
I

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I ~ I

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~1~1~11~1~~~

0~~~-L~~-L~~~~-

.--

lr
.:z:t

I l-It \
~

/!\._

)
Pa3Max AI1HHa B311eTHWH aec -

8,5 M;
5,6 M;
660 Kr;

CKOpOCTb MaKCHMani>HaR - 180 KM/~;

BpeMR Ha6opa BbiCOTbl 2000 M - 6 MHH;
nOTOnOK -

5300 M.

IIpHAO>KeHHSI

CIAPMAH-30
(<APCAJlb, <APTPiil)

Pa3Mox-

15,8 Mi

AJIMHO-

9,2 Mi

1120 Kr;
CKOpOCTb MOKCMMOnbHOII- 130 KM/~i
Bp8MII H060pa BWCOTW 2000 M - 13 MMHi
noTonoK - 4500 Mi
60M6oBOII HOrpy3KO - 80 Kr.
B3neTHWM aec -

IJpHAO>KeHJHI

BYA3EH LAS
(BYAnOnT, BYA3EH-nOnTOPA)

--

'

_I_

Pa3Max- 15,9 M;
AJIHHa- 9,6 M;
B311eTHWH aec- 1470 Kr;
CKOpOCTb MaKCHManbHaR - 115 KM/~;
BpeMR Ha6opa BbiCOTbl 2000 M - 23 MHH;
noTonoK - 3500 M;
6oM6oaaR Harpy3Ka- 50-60 Kr.

IlpHAO>KeHJHI

PAC~ R.E.8 (APM3MT)))

r
Pa3Max- 12,98 M;
AJIMHa - 8,5 M;
a3n8THWH aec - 1215 Kr;
CKapOCTb MaKCMManloHaR - 160 KM/~;
Bp8MR Ha6opa BbiCOTbl 2000 M - 12 MMH;
noTonoK - 3400 M;
6oM6oaaR Harpy3Ka- 110 Kr.

IlpHAO>KeHJHI

1_1_1_

L~

_1_1 _1_1_

JJIJ! Jl.U J! _I_

_I

l_l_l!

I_ I_ .IJ

_ll r-IJ .IJ

! LIIJ

_1_1

_1_1_

7~ ~r\1\

teD!) ,:

auzzzznzza=a

AE X3BMnnEHA D.H.9

12,9 M;
9,2 M;

Pa3Max-

\I

AI1HHQ-

B3neTHbiH Bee-

1670 Kr;
180 KM/~;
2000 M - 11 MHH;

CKOpOCTb MQKCHMGnbHQRBpeMR Ha6opa BbiCOTbl

nOTOnOK -

4700 Mi

6oM6oaaR Harpy3KO -

200 Kr.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ J

TipHAO}KeHJHI

MOPAH-COnHbE L (MOPAH-MAPACOnb}

f---e---f------~ ::::--1 ___.V ! . ,~ ~r--._

~~-- ~f...--'"~

~v

:,....~.......,l

---.

-.....!---.

::::::::t:-r-rI

~1--r--

1\

r----r I\

(~'----'---'---------'-'---'---' ~ ~-1....-.1-L....~D
~

11,2 M,
6,8 M,
B3neTHbiM Bee- 650 Kr,

Pa3Max AJIMHG -

120 KMjq;
2000 M - 18 MMH;

CKOpOCTb MOKCMMOnbHOSIBpeMR H060p0 BbiCOTbl

noTonoK -

3500 M;

6oM60BOSI HOrpy3KO-

30-40 Kr.

TipwAO}KeHJUI

B03AYWHbiE 50f.ll B rPA>KP,AHCKOI/1 BOIIiiHE.

1918 r.

Mecsn.VroA

1919 r.

1920 r.

s:!Hsapb

<Despanb

MapT

Anpenb

Ma~

22

ii110Hb

10

15

11110nb

25

2
1

1
12

AsrycT

16

CeHTs:l6pb

18

18

0KTs:l6pb

Hos:l6pb

)J,eKa6pb
l!tToro

10

46

113

npHMe'IBHHe: B KB'IeCTBe 803.qyWHOrO 60JI Y'IHTbiBBnCR KBJIC,qb/H

CnYfiBH OTKP&ITHJI nyneMeTHOrO OrHR no BO:J.qyWHOMY
npOTHBHHKY (CBMOnery HnH 83pOCTary).

Af.IIHAMf.IIKA BblnOnHEHf.IISI3AKA30B HA nOCTPOIIiiKY CAMOnETOB B 1918-1921 rr.

(no A8HHbiM OT'teTa rnaaHoro YnpaaneHI!'ISI BoeHHO-B03AYWHOro cJ>noTa)
T111n caMoneTa

3aBOA

rA3. N21
(6biBWII1~

)J,yKC>>)

AaTa 111 HOMep aaKaaa

061!4ee
KOillll"'eCTBO

lit3rOTOB11eHO
K ct>eBpamo 1921 r.

CnaA-VII>>

N238921 OT 9.7.1917

200

63

<<HbiOnop-XVII>>

Ng38921 OT9.7.1917

100

100*

<<Hb10nop-XXIV61!1C>>

15.2.1918 N22171/292

75

30

<<HbtOnop-XXIV>>

15 .4. 1919 N2 1129 OT YMA

25

10

<<HbiOnop-XXIV>>

3.5.1920 N23266

50

<<cDapMaH-XXX>>

5/6.9.1918 N231508/8509

100

50

<<COnBI/14>>

20.12.1919 N27746

25

D.H.4

30.9.1918 N231742

70

15

Ten be>>

5.6.1917 Ng6694 OT YMA

50

3aBOA ne6eAeBa

<<COnBI/14>>

22.11.1917 N238753/19278

140

13

rA3. N28

M-5

25 .4. 1919 N22253

20

(6biBWII1~

M-9

25.4.1919 N22253

40

14

li.J,8TI!1HII1Ha)

3aBOA

M-20

25.4.1919 N22253

20

r:A.3. Ng5

<<MOCKa-6biCTp1!1L\KII1~>>

11.10.1916 Ng36895

70

67*

55

(6biBWII1~

1!13M8H8H 21.12.1918 N232423

3aBOA <<MOCKa>>)

<< nopOXOBU4111KOB-IV>>

11.10.1916 N236895
1!13M8H8H 2.1 . 12. 191 8 N232423

litToro
npHMe'IBHHJI:

940
* - 6on&WHHCTBO annapaTOB H3 3THX 38K830B 6&1n0 nOCTpOeHO .qo 1918 r.
** - .qaH&/e HenOnH&Ie. K npHMepy, OTCyrcrayer HHI/>OpMB/.IHfl no BblnYCKY
8 TBIOKe -

CBe.qeHHJI 0 BblnOnHeHHH 6onee p8HHHX .qopeson/0/.IHOHHb/X 38K8308.

381**

MypOM/.IeB H fle6e.qeit,

TipwAO}KeHJHI

ABI!tAL\IitOHHbiE 'iACTI!t PASO'iE-KPECTbSIHCKOrO KPACHOrO

BOEHHO-B03AYWHOrO <bllOTA 1918-1920 rr.
Ha11MeHoaaHI1e aa11a'1aCTeiii
1918-1919 rr.

H17-1918 rr.
-

YnpasneH~e 1-Vi neTporpa,o,cKoVi a;r ( 1 ~ 2 a;o)

YnpasneH~e

--

--

151

3CKa,D,p~, ob51

MOCKOBCKOrO
peson;ol.I~OHHoro neTaTenbHOro
OTP51Aa
17-Vi KOpnyCHOVi ajO V a/A
50-Vi KOpnycHOVl ajo Ill a/A
-

2-51 3CKaAp~nb51 peson;ol.I~OHHoro

neTaTenbHOro OTP51Aa
23-111 KopnycHoVi a;o

2-Vi MOCKOBCKOVi ajr (2 ~ 3 ajo)

YnpasneH~e 4-111 6oesoi1 a;r; 14 a;o ~cTpe6~Tenei1,
YnpasneH~e OnoHBL.IKOVi a;r (~ 1 a;o)
YnpasneH~e 4-Vi neTporpa,D,CKOVi a;r
(~ 7 ajo) ~ 1-111 Bna,o,~M~pcK~Vi a;o
1-111 TaM6oscK~i1 a;o
YnpasneH~e 3-111 neTporpa,D,CKOVi a;r
~ 6-111 neTporpa,o,cK~Vi a;o
8-111 neTporpaACK~Vi a;o, YnpasneH~e Bna,o,~M~pcKoVi a;r
(~ 2 ajo)
YnpasneH~e 8-111 as~arpynnbl (~ 1 ajo)
YnpasneH~e KypcKoVi a;r (1 ~ 2 ajo)
YnpasneH~e 111pKYTCKOi1 a;r ( 1 ~ 2 a;o)
YnpasneH~e CapaToscKoVi a;r (1 ~ 2 ajo)
YnpasneH~e 1-Vi P513aHcKoi1 a;r ( 1 ~ 2 a;o)
YnpasneH~e BopoHe)l(cKoVi a;o (~ 1 ajo),
4-Vi COL.I~an~CTWlBCK~Vi ajO
YnpasneH~e 1-111 CMoneHcKoVi a;r ( 1 ~ 2 a;o)
9-111 apMeVicK~Vi a;o ~ 1-ViiO)I(Hbli'l a;o

Uap~l.lbiHCK~Vi

1919-1920 rr.
1-111 pa3BBAb1BaTenbHbli1 a;o
2-111 pa3BBAb1BaTenbHbiVI a;o
3-111 pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbiVI a;o
4-111 pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbli1 a;o
5-111 pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbli1 a;o
6-Vi pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbli1 a;o
7-111 pa3BBAblsaTenbHbli1 a;o
8-111 pa3BBAb1BaTenbHbli1 a;o
9-111 pa3BBAb1BaTenbHbli1 a;o
10-111 pa3BBAb1BaTenbHbli1 a;o
11-Vi pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbiVI a;o
12-Vi pa3BBAblsaTenbHbli1 a;o
13-111 pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbli1 a;o
Ka3aHCK~1i1

14-111 pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbli1 a;o

15111 pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbli1 a;o

a;o
2-Vi CMoneHcKoVi a;r (3 ~ 4 ajo)
2-111 a;o PKKA YnpasneH~e KoCTpOMCKOVi a;r (1 ~ 2 ajo)
Ynp.1-i15'1pocnascKoi1 a;r (1 ~ 2 a;o)
5-Vi neTporpa,o,cK~Vi a;o (3 neTporpa,o,cKoVi ajr)
YnpasneH~e OpnoscKoVi a;r (~ 1 ajo)
2-111 OpnoscK~Vi a;o

16-Vi
17-Vi
18-Vi
19-Vi
20-Vi
21-Vi
22-111

23-Vi r<opnycHoVi a;o ~ 1-111 Ka3aHCK~i1 a;o

23-111 pa3BBAb1BaTenbHbli1 a;o

1-Vi COL.I~an~CTWlBCK~Vi ajO,

YnpasneH~e 1-111 TsepcKoVi a;r (1 ~ 2 a;o)
2-Vi ncKOBCK~Vi ajO
5-Vi COL.I~an~CTWlBCK~Vi ajO
2-111 OnoHBLIK~Vi a;o
YnpasneH~e Kany)l(cKoVi a;r
2-Vi Kany)I(CK~Vi a;o c 8.8.1918.
YnpasneH~e TynbcKoVi a;r (1 ~ 2 a;o),
1-Vi ~ 2-Vi Kan~cK~e a;o
YnpasneH~e ncKoBcKoVi a;r (~ 1 ajo)

24-111 pa3BBAb1BaTenbHbli1 a;o

YnpasneH~e

pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbli1
pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbli1
pa3BBAblsaTenbHbli1
pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbiVI
pa3BBAb1BaTenbHbli1
pa3BBAblsaTenbHbiVI
pa3BBAb1BaTenbHbli1

a;o
a;o
a;o
a;o
a;o
a;o
a;o

(CB~51)1(CK~i1)

7-111 C~6~pcK~i1 KOpnycHoVi a;o

PesenbCK~Vi

a;o

YaCTbllas~aA~B~3~0Ha

10-Vi KOpnyCHOVl ajo XII a/A

YnpasneH~e

Ill

a/A~

25-111
26-Vi
27-111
28-111
29-111

pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbli1
pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbli1
pa3BBAb1BaTenbHbli1
pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbli1
pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbli1

a;o
a;o
a;o
a;o
a;o

30-Vi pa3BBAb1BaTenbHbli1 a;o

7 -Vi a;o ~cTpe6~TeneVI

MOCKOBCK~Vi

1-Vi

YnpasneH~e

25-111 KopnycHoVi a;o

neTporpaACK~Vi a;o
-

3-Vi a;o ~CTpe6~TeneVI

18-111 KOpnycHoVi a;o
-

34-Vi KOpnyCHOVi ajo

ajo

KOMMYH~CTOB

2-111 neTporpa,o,cKoVi a;r (3 ~ 4 ajo)

YnpasneH~e 2-111 TsepcKoVi a;r (3 ~ 4 a;o)
YnpasneH~e 2-111 HosropOACKOVi a;r (~ 3 ajo)
4-111 HosropOACK~Vi a;o
1-111 Mor~nescK~Vi a;o
1-Vi a;o 8-Vi as~arpynnbl
YnpasneH~e 1-Vi MOCKOBCKOVi .;r (~ 1 ajo)
3-Vi )l(ene3Hb1Vi a;o ~CTpe6~TeneVI
18-Vi KOpnyCHOVi ajo
1-Vi C01..1~an~CT~YBCK~i1 ajo raTY~HCKOVi WKOnbl
YnpasneH~e 1-111 HosropoACKOVi a;r (1 ~ 2 ajo)
2-111 TaM60BCK~i1 a;o ~ 15-Vi KOpnycHoVi a;o
1-111 naTbiWCK~Vi a;o ~ Ynp. naTbiWCKOVi a;r
2-111 naTbiWCK~Vi a;o
3-Vi naTbiWCK~Vi a;o
Ky6aHCK~i1 ~ ACTpaxaHCK~Vi a;o
48-111 OTP51A oco6oro Ha3HaYeH~51
np~ 85-M T51)1(BnOM 6pOHenOB3AB

31-Vi
32-111
33-111
34-111
35-111
36-Vi
37 -Vi
38-111
39-111
40-Vi
41-Vi
42-111
43-111
44-111
45-111
46-Vi
47-111
48-111

pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbli1 a;o
pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbli1 a;o
pa3BBAb1BaTenbHbli1 a;o
pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbli1 a;o
pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbli1 a;o
pa3BBAblsaTenbllbli1 a;o
pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbli1 a;o
pa3BBAb1BaTenbHbli1 a;o
pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbli1 a;o
pa3BBAb1BaTenbHbli1 a;o
pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbli1 a;o
pa3BBAb1BaTenbHbli1 a;o
pa3BBAb1BaTenbHbli1 a;o
pa3BBAb1BaTenbHbli1 a;o
pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbli1 a;o
pa3BBAbiBaTenbHbli1 a;o
pa3BBAb1BaTenbHbli1 a;o
pa3BBAb1BaTenbHbli1 a;o

fipHAO)I{eHJHI

49-Ci pa3BeAb1BaTe!lbHblei aj o
50-Ci pa3BeAbiBaTe!lbHblei aj o
50-Ci pa3BeAbiBaTe!lbHblei aj o
51-C\ pa3BeAbiBaTenbHblei aj o
52-C\ pa3BeAbiBaTe!lbHblei aj o
53-Ci pa3BeAb1BaTe!lbHblei aj o
1-CiiiiCTpe6111Te!lbHblei aj o
2-CiiiiCTpe6111TeJlbHblei aj o
3-CiiiiCTpe6111TeJlbHblei aj o
4-i:1111cTpe6111Te!lbHblei aj o
5-CiiiiCTpe6111TeJlbHblei aj o
6-CilllcTpe6111TenbHblei aj o
7 -C\ IIICTpe6111TeJlbHblei aj o
8-CiiiiCTpe6111TeJlbHblei aj o
9-CiiiiCTpe6111Te!lbHblei aj o
10-CilllcTpe6111TenbHbli:1 aj o
11-i:1111cTpe6111Te!lbHbli:1 aj o
12-i:1111cTpe6111Te!lbHblei aj o

1-C\ CoseTCKIIICi aslllai..\IIIOHHblei IIICTpe6111Te!lbHblei OTP11A

3-Ci apTIIIJlnepllleiCKIIICi aj o AO 12.11.19
1-C\ <j>oTorpa<j>w~eCK III CI aj o
AoHcKoCI aj o (nneHHblei)
5-Ci KopnycHoei aj o (3-C\ aj o HapoAHOCi apMIIIIII)
1 aj o 1-Ci CoseTcKoei 6oesoi:1 aj r
2 aj o 1-Ci CoseTcKoei 6oesoi:1 aj r
3-C\ aj o IIICTpe6111Teneei 1-ro a/ A
4-Ci aj o IIICTpe6111Teneei 2-ro a/ A
5-Ci aj o IIICTpe6111Teneei 2-ro a/ A
6-C\ aj o IIICTpe6111Teneei 2-ro a/ A
7 -Ci aj o IIICTpe6111TeneC13-ro a/ A
8-Ci aj o IIICTpe6111Teneei 3-ro a/ A
9-Ci aj o IIICTpe6111Teneei 3-ro a/ A
10-C\ aj o IIICTpe6111Teneei 4-ro a/ A
11-Ci aj o IIICTpe6111Tenei:1 4-ro a/ A
12-Ci aj o IIICTpe6111Tenei:1 4-ro a/ A 111
1-Ci 8111Te6CKIIIi:1 aj o
ii1CTpe6111TeJlbHOe 3BeHO 3anaAHOrO <j>pOHTa,
it1CTpOTP11A IIIMeHIII W IIIPIIIHKIIIHa

5-C\ KOpnyCHOCi a j O
YnpasneHIIIe 1-Ci 6Ar

5-Ci aj o IIICTpe6111Teneei 4-Ci 6Ar

3-Ci KOpnyCHOCi aj o 2-Ci 6Ar
7 -Ci KOpnyCHOCi aj o 2- Ci 6Ar
8-C\ KOpnyCHOCi aj o 2-Ci 6Ar
1-Ci KOpnyCHOCi aj o 3 -Ci 6Ar
11-Ci KOpnyCHOCi aj o 3-Ci 6Ar
22-Ci KOpnyCHOCi aj o 3-C\ 6Ar
15-Ci aj o IIICTpe6111Tenei:1 4-Ci 6Ar
11-Ci aj o IIICTpe6111Tenei:1 V a/ A
12-Ci aj o IIICTpe6111Tenei:1

13-Ci IIICTpe6111TeJlbHbli:1 aj o
(c 6. 1920 nepeiiiMeHosaH 14-Ci)
14-Ci IIICTpe6111TeJlbHbli:1 aj o
1-Ci apTIIIJl!lepllli:1CKIIIi:1 aj o
2-Ci apTIIIJl!lepllleiCKIIICi aj o
3-C\ apTIIIJl!lepllleiCKIIICi aj o*
1-C\ <j>oTOrpa<j>IIIYeCKIIICi aj o**

YnpasneHIIIe 3-Ci MOCKOBCKOCI aj r (5 Ill 6 aj o)

2-Ci BopoHe)I(CKIIICI aj o
YnpasneHIIIe 2-C\ OpnoscKoei aj r (3 111 4 aj o )
1-Ci <j>OTOrpa<j>IIIYeCKIIICi aj o

11 -C\ apMeeiCKIIICi aj O

- CM. HOBOe Ha3BaHMe 50-M pa3Be,lJ.biBaTeJlbHb/M aj o.

"*- CM. HOBOe Ha3BaHMe 51 - M pa3Be,lJ.btBaTeJlbHb/M ajo.

CoKpatlleHMfl:
A/ 0 - asMa/..lllfOHHb/M OTPfi.O.
A/ r- asMai..IMOHHaR rpynna
A/ .a - asMai..IMOHHbtM.O.MBM3MOH
GAr- 6oesafl asMai..IMOHHaR rpynna

PACnP~EJlEHHE

ABHAOTPSIAOB PA60'fE-KPECTbSIHCKOrO KPACHOrO B03AYWHOrO C!)nOTA

no C!)POHTAM rPA>KAAHCKOH BOHHbl

35

30

25
20
15
10

IX X XI XII I II
1918

Ill

IV v VI VII ~Ill IX X XI XII I II

1919

BocroYHbtH cppoHT
IO>KHbtH cppoHT
CeeepHbtH Q>poHr
3anaAHbiH cppOHT
IOro-3anaAHbtH cppoHT

Ill

IV v VI VII VIII IX X XI XII

1920

YKpat.1HCKt.1H cppoHr
TypKecraHCKt.1H Q>poHT
IOro-BocroYHbtH Q>poHT
KaaKa3CKt.1H cppoHT
Aat.1aAapM

LVG C-11 {a PoccMM ero owM60'IHO H03biBOnM

<<Anb60TpocoM} noaomKCKOM HapOAHOM apMMM,
Ka30Hb, aaryCT 1918 r .

<<Hboonop-23 1- ro AoHcKoro caMoneTHoro OTPAAO,

Hoao'lepKOCCK, oceHb 1918 r .

ConBM'I non)'TopaCTOe'IHbiM 1-M TaepcKOM OBMOrpynnbl,

Ha 3TOM MOWMHe 6bln0 OAep>KOHO nepBOA B rpa)I(AOHCKOM
BOMHe B03AYWHOA no6eAa, Ypano-cM6MpCKMM cllpOHT,
OKTA6pb 1918 r.

<<Hboonop-1 0 1-M TaepcKOM aaMarpynnbl, oce Hb 1918 r .

HbiOnop- 11 neT'IMKO 22- ro KopnycHoro

OTPAAO A.r.MMxaiinoaa, neTo 1918 r .

<<MopaH-ConHbe G MocKoacKoii aaMOWKOnbl,

3MMO 1918-1919 rr.

<<HbiOnop-17 KpacHoro n eT'IMKa

A.K.n eTp e HKo, n eTo 1918 r.

<<HbiOnOp- 10 OAHOrO M3 OBMOOTPIIAOB &anT~nOTO,

neTo-oce Hb 1918 r.

ConBit'f nonYTOPOCTOe'fHbiM 3-ro

(1t61tpCKoro OTPIIAO, CTOHI.IItll Barai4,
OKT116pb 1919 r .

HbiOnop-17 neT'fltKa
1O-ro CH6HpcKoro OTPIIAO
M.A.BonKoaoi4Hoaa,
neTo 1919 r.

LWF ( <<BHnbCOH-CTIOpTeaaH) -.exocnoaai.IKOM

aaltOWKOnbl a C1t61tp1t, KypraH, neTo 1919 r.

CI>OpMOH-30 1-ro OBitOOTpiiAO

HapoAHo-PeaoniOI.IItOHHOM apMHit
AanbHeaoCTO'fHOM pecny6nHKH, CTOHI.IItll
Tap6araTaM, aaryCT 1920 r.

<<HbiOnOp-17 KOMOHAMPO
1O-ro pa3BeAbiBOTenbHOro aaMaOTPAAO
{PAO) BoCTO'IHOro 4POHTO
IO.A .Ky3He..oaa, oceHb 1919 r .

<<6MKOAPOH 29-ro PAO BoCTO'IHoro

4POHTQ, Y4la, HIOHb 1919 r .

<<ConaM'I nonYTopaCToe'IHblii>> 3-ro PAO 5-ii apMMM

BoCTO'IHoro 4poHTa, HpKYTCK, neTo 1920 r .

<<MopaH-napaconb>> 1-ro CM6MpcKoro

OBHOOTPAAO, OCeHb 1918 r.

ccHbiOnop-246Mc,
ccHbiOnop-24 M ccCnaA-7
1-ro M 2-ro MOpCKMX
MCTpOTPIIAOB CeaepHoro
cJipOHTO, 3MMO 1918-1919 rr.

Hb10nOp-246MC neT'4MKO
18-ro PAO CeaepHoro
cJipoHTO H.Cyaopoaa, CTOHJ.4MII
nnece4K011, MapT 1919 r.

*
ConBM'4 ccCHaMn neNMKa 1-ro CeaepHoro OTPIIAO
SIKOBM4KOro, 3axaa'4eHHbiM KpacHbiMM a ApxaHrenbcKe,
MapT 1920 r.

3Be3Abl HQ HMlKHeM M
aepxHeM Kpwne.

Ae X3aMnneHAD. H .9a Cnaa!IHo-6pMTOHCKoro

OBMOKOpnyca HQ ceaepe POCCMM, neTO 1919 r.

Aapo-504 CnaaiiH0-6pMTOHCKoro
aaMaKopnyca, 03POAPOM AaMHCKMM
&epe3HMK, MOM 1919 r .

ConaM'4 K 3Men>> aHrnMMCKoro

nMnoTa CaitKca, 3axaa'4eHHbiM
KpOCHbiMM nOA neTp030BOACKOM B
aaryCTe 1919 r .

ConBM'4 K3Men 1-ro Ky6aHcKoro OTPIIAO, paHee

npMHOAJ18>KOBWMM OHrnMMCKOM MHCTpyKTOpCKOM
MMCCMM B EKOT8pMHOAOpe, neTO-OC8Hb 1919 r .

<<Ae X3aMnneHA>> D.H.9 47-ro AMBM3MOHa RAF,

paitoH "tepHoro ~pa Ha Bonre, aaryCT 1919 r .

LVG C-1145-ro PAO, 3anaAHbi M cjlpOHT, oceHb 1919 r .

ConBM'I-TpMnnaH MOCKOBCKOM OBMOWKOnbl,

BXOAMBWMM a coCTaa AaMarpynnbl oco6oro
H03HO'IeHMA (ArOH), CTOHI.4MA :>I<AaHKO,
ce HTA6pb 1919 r .

Hb10nop- 246MC KOMOHAMPO

15- ro PAO IO)I(HOro cjlpOHTa
K .A .PyA3MTO, MIOHb 1919 r.

LVG C-V n eT'IMKO 24-ro PAO YKpaMHCKoro

cjlpoHTO Tapacoaa, 8MHHM40, MOPT 1919 r .

0n03HOBOTenbHbiM 3HOK HO
aepxHeM Kpblne.

LVG C-V neT'IMKO XoAOPOBM'Ia M3 AaMaOTPRAO

Me:MCAyHOPOAHOM CBII3M, BMHHMI40, anpenb 1919 r .

3axaa'!eHHblti y AeHMKMH148B ConBM'I K3Men

neNMKa 34-ro PAO n .KapnyxMHa, neTo 1920 r.

AHaTpa AHacanb 1-ro Ky6aHCKoro OBMOOTPIIAO, a3p0APOM

5eKeTOBKO OOA l.lapMI4biHOM, aaryCT-CeHT116pb 1919 r.

raH3a-5pOHAeH6ypr C-11-ro IOJKHoro OTPRAO

BceaenMKOro BoticKa AoHcKoro, aecHa 1919 r .

<<IOHKepc CL-1 aaManonKa 3aKceH6epra,

30XB0'4eHHbiM KpOCHOM OpMMeM HO TeppMTOpMM
naTBMM, BeCHO 1919 r .

<<Anb60TpOC>> C-XV OBMOOTPIIAO

MMeHM rpacjla Kennepa 3anOAHOM
Ao6poaonb'4eCKOM apMMM,
neTO 1919 r.

LVG C-VI nMTOBCKMX BBC, 1919 r.

Ae X3BMnneHA>> D .H .9 1- ro A06poaonb'lecKoro
OBMOOTPSIAO PyccKOM apMMM, KpbiM, MOM MIOHb 1920 r.

Hb10nOpb1 246MC>> M3 COCTOBO

CnaaHeHCKOM aaMarpynnbl,
03pOApOM npM11MMHO, MOM 1920 r.

RAF S.E.Sa (<<)CM..,aM..,>>) KOMOHAMPO ~eHTpanbHOM

aaMarpynnbiiOro-3anaAHOro _.,pOHTO M.Y.naanoaa,
aarya 1920 r.

RAF R.E.8 (ApM3MT>>) 22-ro PAO 1-M KOHHOM apMMM,

MIOnb 1920 r.

HbiOOOpbr-246MC 39-ro >Kene3HOrO OTPIIAO

Bocro~Horo cllpoHTO, 1919 r .

HbiOnop-23 MocKoacKoii aaMawKonbr,

3MMO 1919-1920 rr.

Hb10nop-246MC M HbiOnop-17
13-ro Ka3aHcKoro OTPIIAO,
03POAPOM CoKonoropHoe,
CeaepHall TaapMA, MapT 1920 r .

...'

nepabiH a CoaeTCKOH PoccMM B03AYWHbiH napaA Ha XoAbiHCKOM none 1 MaR 1918 r.

C6opKa a BonorAe caMoneToa, BbiBe3eHHbiX M3 ApxaHrenbcKa, anpenb 1918 r.

A3pOAPOM 1-M TaepcKOM aaMarpynnbl. Ha 3CAHeM nnaHe - ConBM't, Ha KOTopoM KpacHble neT'tMKM CD.rpa6 M
lii.Wynbl.l OAep)l(anM nepay10 B rpa)I(AaHCKOM BOMHe B03AYWHYIO no6eAY Ypano-cM6MpCKMM cilpOHT, oceHb 1918 r .

neT<tMKM 1-M TaepcKOM aaMarpynnbl y caMoneTa 6MKOAPOH, 1918 r .

ToT )l(e 6MKOAPOH n03AHee Mcnonb30aanct~ 29-M pa3BeAb1BaTenbHbiM aaMaoTpt~AOM (PAO),

BocTO'tHbiM cilpoHT, neTo 1918 r.

neT'IMK KoCTpOMCKOM aaMarpynnbl P.~enbMMH (~enMMHbw) y caoero MCTpe6MTenR

Hbl0nop-246MC, 8onOrAa, neTO 1918 r. 06paTMTe BHMMQHMe Ha OpMrMHanbHble
ono3HaaaTenbHble 3HCKM.

Anb6aTpoc HapOAHOM apMMM, pa36MBWMMCSI noA Ka3aHbiO a aaryCTe 1918 r .

Ha pyne noaopoTa BMAHbl <~epHo-opaHlKeBble nonocbl.

Ao no<AaneHM'A KpacHbiX 3Be3A coaeTCKMe aaMaTopbl MHOrAa M3o6peTanM aecbMO caoeo6pa3Hble 3M6neMbl.
Ha CHMMKe HbiOnap-XI neT'tMKa 22-ro KopnycHoro OTP'AAO A.r.MMxalitnoaa, neTo 1918 r.

KoMOHAMP 15-ro PAO K.A.PyA3MT a Ka6MHe HbiOnopa-24, IO>KHbiM clpoHT, MIOHb 1919 r .

 HbJOnop-246r.tc 39-ro >Kene 3Horo oTpRAa, BocTO'IHbllii clpoHT, 1919 r .

Ha CCMOne Te COXpaHMnCSI clpCHLIY3CKMM TpeXLIBeTHbiM KCMyclnRlK.

3ae 3Ab1
B ABOMHbiX
Kpyrax xapCKTepHCSI
npr.tMeTa
caMoneToa
MOpCKOM
CBMCI.IMM:
HbJOnop-X
OAHOrO M3
CBMCOTPSIAOB
&anTctnoTa.

8 1918- 1919 rOACX HC COBeTCKMX CCMOne TaX HepeAKO M306palKanMCb nepeaepHYTble 3Be3Abl pa3nM'IHbiX
o'le pTaHr.tlii: HbJOnop- 17 c HCAKPbJnbe BbJM nyne M e ToM nbJOMc.

HbiOnOpb1-246MC 39-ro
>Kene3Horo OTPRAa, OpeH6ypr,
neTo 1919 r. Ha nepeAHelit
MCWMHe M306pa>KeHbl HOTHble
3HCKM (npeAnOnO>KMTenbHOnepable aKKOPAbl
ii'IHTepHC4MOHana ).

Hbl0n op-246Mc 25-ro PAO,

80CT0'4HbiM cJipOHT, neTO 1919 r.
0KpblneHHCR CTpena HC
cJI103enR>Ke - 3M6neMa :noro
nOApC3AeneHMR. Ha CCMOneTe
YCTCHOBneH TCK HC3biBCeMbiM
noAorpeaaTenbTOnnMaa
WMyKoaa, npeAHC3HC'4eHHbiM
AnR o6orpeaa 6eH3o6aKa
BblxnOnHbiMM ra3aMM. TaKMe
yCTpOMCTBC MHOrAa CTCBMnM
AnR 6onee yCTOM'IMBOM pa60Tbl
MOTOpOB HC CnMpTOBbiX CMeCRX.

ConBM'I 25-ro PAO, BocTO'IHbiM cppoHT, HOR6pb 1919 r . CaMoneT yKpaweH cpnaraMM a 'le CTb 2-lit roAOBil.IMHbl
0KTR6pbCKOM peaon104MM.

KoMn03Ml.IMSI c nery<teM MbiWbiO, <tepenoM M nponennepoM 6blna MHAMBMAyanbHOM 3M6neMOM neT'IMKa

n .KapnyxMHa M3 34-ro PAO. Ha 3TOM HbiOnope OH noTepnen asapMIO B EKaTepMHOAape 24 MOSI 1920 r.
KaKOMY OTPSIAY
npMHOAne>Kan 3TOT HbiOnOp
C BeAbMOM, nOKO HeM3BeCTHO.

OceHbiO 1920 r. n . KapnyxMH

neTan HO TpocJieMHOM
K3Mene, HO KOTOpOM OH
TOK>Ke M306pa3Mn CBOM
rep6.

Hb10nop-246Mc 13-ro Ko3aHcKoro OTPRAO, a3pOAPOM CoKonoropHoe, MapT 1920 r . Ha 6onbWMHCTBe caMoneToa
3TOrO OTpSIAO (np03BOHHOro 'lepTOBOM AIO>KMHOM) M306pa>KOnMCb pa3nM"'Hble KOMn03MI.IMM C "'epTSIMM.

Apyrolii CHMMOK Tolii >Ke MOWMHbl. BMAHO, "'TO "'epT, HapMcoaaHHbiM Ha 6opry c1>103ensa>Ka, roHMTCSI 3a caMoneTOM.

neT'4MK 13-ro Ka3CHCKOro OTPSIAC IO.KpeKMC B KC6MHe HbiOnopa-23,

C3POAPOM CoKonoropHoe, cj>eapanb 1920 r.

neT'4MK 15-ro PAO A . K.neTpeHKO (cTOMT cneaa) M HC'4CI1bHMK aBMCLIMM IO>KHoro cj>poHTa lil.lil. neTpo>KMLIKMM
B0311e <<HbiOnOpa-23 , n e TO 1919 r. noxO>KMX AeMOHOB neTpeHKO pMCOBCil HC BCeX CBOMX MCWMHCX.

 HbiOnop-23 c pycanKoM npHHCAJle>Kan HC'4CnbHHKY CBHCI4HH 9-M apMHH IO>KHor o cj)poHTa II'I. II'I. CeMeHoay.
EKaTepHHOAap, neTo 1920 r.

HbiOnop- 17 HeH3BeCTHOrO COBeTCKOrO CBHCOTpRAC.

<IOTOrpacj)HM CCMOneTOB C TCKHMH pHCYHKCMH
coxpaHHnOCb HeMHoro.

 HbiOnop-23 C ryceM, npMHOAJ1e>KOBWMM MOCKOBCKOM

OBMOWKOne (MAW). 06paTMTe BHMMOHMe, 'tTO HO
Kpblnb!IX, BMeCTO 3Be3A1 npOCTO 6enble KpyrM.

nospe>KAeHHbiM B OBOpMM HbiOnop-24 neT'tMKO HOXTMrang M3 3-ro MCTpe6MTenbHOrO AMBM3MOHO IO>KHOro

clpOHTO . HeCMOTp!l HO TO, 'tTO CHMMOK AOTMpOBOH MIOneM

1919 rOAO,

HO Kpblnb!IX ::~TOM MOWMHbl COXpOHMnMCb

AOpesoni014MOHHble on03HOBOTenbHble 3HOKM.

AaapHR MopaHa-ConHbe Ln (MopaHa-napaconR) Ha XOAbiHCKOM a3pOAPOMe, 1919 HnH 1920 r .

v..e6HbiM

MopaH-COnHbe Gn, noTepneBWMM

aaapHIO Ha a3pOAPOMe MocKOBCKOM aBHOWKOnbl B 1918 HnH B 1919 r. 'fepTMK, M306pa>KeHHbiM
HQ cJI103enR>Ke, B TO'tHOCTH COOTBeTCTByeT pHCyHKY Ha pyne noaopoTa OAHOro M3 caMoneTOB 33-ro
pa3BeAOTPRAa {eM. cJioTo Ha CTp. 25). Bo3MO>KHO,
o6e 3TH MOWHHbl npMHOAne>KanM OAHOMY nMnOyY MnM o6cny>KHBOnMCb OAHMM MeXOHMKOM.

 ConBM'4 nonyYopaCTOe'4HbiH OAHOrO M3 COBeTCKMX CBMCOTPSIAOB 10ro-3anCAHOrO cppoHTC,

1920 r.

06paTMTe

BHMMCHMe HC HeCTCHACpTHYIO AnSI 3TOfO TMna MCWMHbl YCTCHOBKY nyneMeTa HCA BepXHMM KpblnOM.

COnBM'4, nOCTpOeHHbiH Ha 3CBOAe AyKC , -

OAMH M3 HCM6onee MCCCOBbiX TMnOB 6oeBbiX CCMOneTOB

nepMOAC rpa>KACHCKOH BOHHbl.

CIapMaH-30 ( <apcanb, <apTpM ) OAHOro M3 pa3BeAOTPRAOB. IO>KHOro cJipoHTa, 1920 r.

A3pOAPOM 2-ro MCTpe6MTenbHoro OTPRAO (MAO) 1-M CoBeTCKOM OBMarpynnbl y CTOHI4MM MeneKec Ha Ypane,
3MMO 1918-1919 rOAOB. 3M6neMO OTpSIAO - 6enaSI M30rHyYOSI CTpena HO <4epHOM cJioHe pynR nOBOpOTO.

AayxMeCTHbiM pa3BeA'4HK ne6eAb-12. CyAII no xapaKTepHbiM ono3HaaaTenbHbiM 3HaKaM, AOHHOII MOWHHa

npHHOAne>Kana OAHOMY lt3 MOpCKitX 0Bit00Tp11AOB. (HitMOK 1919 r .

MopanbHO yCTapeawHe pa3BeA'4HKH Bya3eH

LAS

npHMeHIInHCb KpaCHbiM 803AYWHbiM cpnoTOM rnaBHbiM

o6pa30M B K0'4eCTae CBII3HbiX Hnlt y-.e6HbiX MOWitH. CHitMOK npeAnOnO>KitTenbHO CAenaH B MOCKOBCKOM
OBitOWKOne 31tMOM 1919- 1920 rOAOB.

IIICTpe6MTenb PoncHA D-11. Bcero ABC TCKMX

ccMoneTc noncno a PoccMIO a KC'IeCTae Tpocpeea
nepBOM MMpOBOM BOMHbl. MCWMHC,
M306pc>KeHHCII HC CHMMKe, cny>KMnC B 1-M
3CKCApMnbe MocKOBCKoro Peaoni04MOHHoro
neTCTenbHOrO OTPIIAC. B KC6MHe - neT'IMK
Sl.n.WyMcH, XcpbKOB, IIHBCpb 1918 r.

TpocpeMHbiM LVG C-11 (3nbcpcyre) 45-ro PAO,

3cnCAHbiM cppoHT, oceHb 1919 r.

HeM3BeCTHbiM
neTCTenbHbiM
cnncpcT,
co6pcHHbiM,
CYAII no BCeMy,
M3 'ICCTeM M
AeTcneM OT
pC3nM'IHbiX
COMCCHHbiX
MCWMH.
noA06Hble
KOHCTPYK4MM
MHOrAC
OOIIBnllnMCb HC
C3POApOMCX
apeMeH
rpc>KACHCKOM
BOMHbl.

CnaA-7 KoCTpoMCKOM asMarpynnbl,

BonorAa, asrycT 1918 r. Ha Kpblne
CMAMT neTotMK H. Cysopos.

n eT'tMKM 7-ro PAO Ha a3pOAPOMe y

CTOHL\MM nneCei.IKO!ll, CesepHbiM ci>POHT,
MapT 1919 r. 2-M cnesa- neT'tMK
n.A.neHTKO.

AsapM!ll neT'tMKa
18-ro PAO
(6biBWeM
KoCTpOMCKOM
asMarpynnbl)
H.Cysoposa,
CTOHL\M!ll
nneCei.IKO!ll,
30 MapTa 1919 r.
06paTMTe
BHMMOHMe Ha
opMrMHanbHble
ono3HaBaTenbHble
3HOKM.

PeMOHT caMoneroa
1-rO MOpCKOrO
MCTpOTPRAC B
MCCTepCKOM HC
nany6e napoxoAa
nyra&~ea,

CeaepHbiM cflpoHT,
aecHa 1919 r.

6ap:1Ka-nnaa6arape11

N!!5, pa36MraR
CHrnMMCKMMM
6oM6CMM M
Bb16poweHHCII
HC OTMenb B paMOHe
ocrpoaa Cenel..\
Ha CeaepHOM AaMHe.
BMAHbl cneAbl
OT B3pb1BOB
B HOCOBOM
M KOpMOBOM 'ICCTM
CYAHC. CHMMOK
nera 1919 r.

ConaM'I K3Men aHrnMMCKoro nMnora CaMKca, 3axaa'leHHbiM KpacHbiMM MOpRKCMM nocne BbiHY:IKAeHHOM
nOCCAKM nOA nerp03CBOACKOM 29 aarycra 1919 r.

AHrmtMCKHM
rHAponnaH
13MpH IIIC,
30XBO'IeHHbiM
KpOCHOOpMeMI.IOMH
a ApxaHrenbCKe
a cteapane 1920 r.

06nOMKH
<::~MpH IIIC

neMTeHOHTOB
6n3MnOMAO H
XapaH. CaMoneT,
noA6HTbiM 3eHHTHbiM
OrHeM, pa3BOnHnCSI
npH BbiHY>KAeHHOM
nOCOAKe HO nee
B paMOHe
neTp030BOACKO
a ceHTS16pe 1919 r .

ConaH'I CHaMn 6enoro neT'IHKO SIKOBHLIKOro H3 1-ro CeaepHoro aa~o~aoTpSIAO , 3axaa'leHHbiM KpOCHbiMH a
ApxaHrenbCKe a cteapane 1920 r. no3AHee Ha noM MOWHHe neTan H pa36HnCSI 3HaMeHHTbiM n e T'IHK Cano>KHHKOB.

0AHH H3 cH6HpCKHX Tpocl>eea KpacHOM apMHH- aMepHKOHCKHM caMoneT LWF MoAenb 5 , npo3BOHHbiM a PoccHH
BHnbCOHOMCnopTeBOHOM. CHHMOK HO'tana ~ 920-x rOAOB .

CaMoneTbl 3-ro p03BeAOTPRAO 5-M OpMHH 80CTO'tHOrO cl>pOHTO HO 03POAPOMe y CTOHLIHH liiHOKKeHTbeBCKOR, 6nH3
lilpKyYCKa, HIOHb 1920 r. Ha 6opry y KaMycl>nHpoaaHHoro ConaH'tO HOAnHCb nepaoMaMCKHM TPYA

neT'tMK 1 O-ro CM6MpCKoro

(KOn'tCKOBCKOro)aBMCOTPRAC
M . A . BonKOBOMHOB a Ka6MHe
caoero HbiOnopa-17,
neTo 1919 r. Ha xaocre
M306pa>KeH pyCCKMM BOMH,
neTRU4MM Ha opne.

CaMoneTbl 1-ro M 2-ro

CBMCOTPRAOB HapOAHO
Pe aon1014MOHHOM apMMM ABP.
A3p0APOM y CTCHI4MM
Tap6araTaM, aarycT 1920 r .
Ha MCWMHCX HCHeCeHbl
On03HCBCTe nbHble 3HCKM B
BMAe KpCCHOCMHMX poM60B.

3wenoH 2-ro aaMaOTPRAa ABP. Ha nnaTcJIOpMax BMAHbl pa3o6paHHble

LWF M CanbMCOH A2.

naHopaMa OAeccKoro aaMa3aBOAa AHaTpa.

AHacanb, noCTpOeHHbiM B 0AeCce B 1918 rOAy, npM OBCTpMMCKOM OKKyna!,4MM. neTOM 1919-ro
caMoneT npMHaAne>Kan 1-My Ky6aHcKoMy Ka3a'4beMy OTPHAY Ha 6opry MO>KHO pa3nM'4MTb aaCTpMMCKMM
cepMMHbiM HOMep M KpeCT, 30KpaweHHbiM Tp e X!,4BeTHbiMM KpyraMM.

CMoTp AoHcKoro caMoneTHoro OTPHAa a Hoao'4epKaccKe, aaryCT 1918 r. Ha xaoCTe OAHOro M3 Bya3eHOB BMAe H
ono3HaaaTenbHbiM 3HaK - '4epHbiM TpeyronbHMK a 6enoM Kpyre.

ConBM'f M 5paHAeH6ypn> C-1 1-ro IO>KHOro OTPRAO BceaenMKoro BolitcKa AoHcKoro. ConaM'f, M3o6pa>KeHHbiM
HO CHMMKe, AOCTOnC!I K030KOM B pe3ynbTOTe BbiHY>KAeHHOM nOCOAKM KpOCHOfO neT'fMKO Ky3He~OBO .

neT'fMKM 1 - ro IO>KHOfO OTPIIAO HO ~OHe 5paHAeH6ypra. B ~eHTpe (c KOpTMKOM) KOMOHAMP OTPRAO nopy'fMK BecenoacKMM.

AaapM!ii LVG C-V KpacHoro neT'tMKa Tapacoaa M3 24-ro PAO, BMHHMI40, anpenb 1919 r.
Ha cll103en!II>Ke M pyne nOBOpOTO MOWMHbl noaepx KpeCTOB HOpMCOBOHbl KpOCHble KpyrM.

AaapM!ii DFV C-V Toro >Ke OTP!IIAO. Ono3HaaaTenbHble 3HOKM aHanorM'tHbl,

YKpaMHCKMM cllpoHT, MapT 1919 r .

LVG C-V 1-ro MCTpe6MTenbHoro OTP!!Aa (3M6neMa- 'tepHa!ll M30rHyYO!II CTpena Ha 6enoM clloHe)
c nexoTHbiM nbiOMCOM Ha rypenM, MocKaa, XOAbiHCKMM a::~poApoM, aaryCT 1919 r .

LVG C-V neT'IMKa XoAOPOBM'Ia, KMeB, neTo 1919 r. Ha 3TOM MOWMHe 12 anpenSI 1919 r . XoAOPOBM'I coBepwMn
nepBbiM B CoBeTCKOM PoccMM Me>KAYHOPOAHbiM nepeneT B GyAanewT. B 1.4enS1X MOCKMpOBKM repMaHCKMe KpecTbl
Ha caMoneTe He 3aKpaweHbl. Ha 3TOM >Ke a3ponnaHe XoAopoBM'I B aBryCTe 6e>Kan K AeHMKMHy.
no3AHee COMOneT 'IMCnMnCSI B OAHOM M3 6enOrBOpAeMCKMX OBMOOTPSIAOB.

LVG C-V Ha TeppMTOpMM ~eHTpanbHoro aBManapKa B MocKBe. 06paTMTe BHMMOHMe Ha KOHTYPHble 3Be3Ab1.

KpacHbiM 6poHenoe3A Bonsm c npMBII3HbiM a::~pocTaTOM cMcTeMbl napce&anb, IO)I(HbiM cJpoHT, neTo 1919 r .

<PapMOH-30 OAHOrO M3 COBeTCKMX OBMOOTPSIAOB IO)I(HOrO cJpoHTO, neTO-OCeHb 1919 r .

CaMoneTbl aHrnMMCKMX MHTepaeHTOB, 3axaa'teHHble KpacHolii apMMelii:

aaepxy D.H.9 47-ro AMBM3MOHa RAF, aoeaaawero a noaon>Kbe, BHM3Y D.H.9a.

KpacaoeHneTbl ~eKMH (cnpaaa) M KopoTKOB ao3ne o6noMKOB c6MToro MMM Ae X3BMnneHAO,

ACTpOXOHb, MIOHb 1919 r.

CnycK Ha BOAY ntApocaMoneTa M-9 c 6ap>KM-nnaa6a3bl Bon>KCKOro rMAPOAMBM3MOHa KoMMyHa ,

paHOH K ceaepy OT 1,4apMI.4biHO, aaryCT- CeHT116pb 1919 r .

0611.\MH BMA nnaa6a3bl KOMMYHO M 6yKCMpHoro napOXOAO COMOPOAOK. Ha nany6e KOMMYHbl

neTOIOII.\Me nOAKM rpMrOpOBM'40 M-5 M M -9 .

A3pOAPOM 1-ro Ky6aHcKoro Ka3aotbero aBMGAMBM3MOHa noA ~apMt4biHOM, oceHb 1919 r.

ConaMot 1-ro Ky6aHcKoro AMBM3MOHa. CaMoneT 14en1tKOM OKpaweH a 3GU4MTHbiM t4BeT, 6enaR AMaroHanbHaR
nonoca Ha XBOCTe - 3M6neMa nOApG3AeneHMR.

A HrnMMCKMM rMAponnaH WopT 184, 3axaaoteHHbiM KpacHbiMM a cene raHIOWKMHO Ha KacnMM a RHBape 1920 r .

TsuKenble
6oM60pAMPOBU4MKM
lllnbR MypoMeLV>
HO nMne!,4KOM OBM06a3e,
neTo 1919 r.
Tpex1.4BeTHbiM BbiMnen
Ha 6opry 3aKpaweH
KpOCHbiM.

neT'IMK III.CI.BoeAMno
(a 1.4eHTpe) ao3ne
HbiOnopa-24 M3 COCTOBO
AaMarpynnbl oco6oro
H03Ha'leHMR, MocKaa,
XOAbiHCKMM 03POAPOM,
aarycT 1919 r .
CaMoneT MMeeT
OpMrMHOnbHYIO OKpOCKY.
(npeAnOnO>KMTenbHO 'lepHyiO c 6enbiMM
nonocaMM).

B AaMarpynne oco6oro H03HO'IeHMR 'IMCnMnMcb TOK>Ke MCTpe6MTenM BMKKepc FB-19 M ConBM'I TpMnnaH,
M306pa>KeHHble HO CHMMKe.

ConBM'I K::tMen, paHee

BXOAMBWMM B COCTOB 6-ro
OBMOOTPIIAO Ao6poaonb<teCKOM
apMMM, nocne nepeneTa M3
~e'IHM B rpy3MIO 6bln 30'1MCneH B
rpy3MHCKMe BBC.

AaapMII rpy3MHCKoro (6b1Bwero

AeHMKMHCKoro) K3Mena nOA
lMclnMCOM, npeAnOnO>KMTenbHO
neTo 1920 r .

0AMH M3 AeHMKMHCKMX
ApM3MTOB (RAF R.E.S),
30XBO'IeHHbiX KpOCHbiMM
a TaraHpore a HO<tane 1920 r .

CDapMaH-30 15-ro KOpnycHoro OTPRAC a TypKecTaHe, neTo 1918 r .

neT'tMK rop6yHOB M HC'tCnbHMK WTa6a TypKeCTCHCKoro cflpOHTa EcfMMOB B Ka6MHe CDapMaHa n e peA BblneTOM
Ha pa3BeAKY a paMOH K 3bm-ApaaTa, oceHb 1919 r .

HbiOnop-21 3aKacnMMCKoro aaMaOTPIIIAO Ao6poaonb'teCKOM apMMM, 3axaa'teHHbiM KpacHbiMM Ha CTOHl4MM

Ka3aHA>KMK a IIIHaape 1920 r. Ha 6opry - AayrnaabiM open 6e3l40PCKMX peranMMrep6 BpeMeHHoro npaaMTenbCTaa.

LVG C-V 4-ro aaMaOTPIIIAO a TawKeHTe, aecHa 1922 r .

HbiOnop-23 31-ro PAO 3anaAHOro

cf>pOHTO HO CTOHI4MM KpeCTbl nOA
ncKOBOM, IIHBOpb 1919 r.

neT<iMKM 31-ro pa3BeAOTPRAO

Ha cf>oHe HbiOnopa.

06noMKM Anb6aTpoca C-XV

M3 OBMOOTpRAO MMeHM rpacf>a Kennepa
3anaAHOM Ao6poaonb'feCKOM apMMM
(5epMOHT-Aaanoaa), 30XBO'feHHOrO
naTbiWOMM a PMre oceHbiO 1919 r.
0n03HOBOTenbHble 3HOKM - 'fepHble
npaaocnaaHble KpecTbl a 6enoM Kpyre
Ha cf>103enR>Ke M Ha neaoi'i nnocKOCTM.
Ha XBOCTOBOM onepeHMM M
ApyroM Kpblne - TpeX1.4BeTHble
KpOCHO-CMHe-6enble KpyrM.

Tpo~eMHble IOHKepcbm CL-1 (

N!!N!! 1803/ 18 M 12604/ 18), paHee npMHOAIIe:IKaBwMe aBManonKy 3aKceH6epra

M BbiBe3eHHble KpOCHOOpMeMLIOMM C TeppMTOpMM naTBMM BeCHOM 1919 r,
CHMMKM CAenaHbl B MocKOBCKOM aBManapKe.

nM'4HbiM COCTOB MCTpe6MTenbHOro OTP!iiAO B03AYWHOM 6pMrOAbl 6anTMMCKoro MOp!il,

1919 r.

norpy3KQ ABOAL\OTMciYHTOBOM OCKOn0'4HOM 6oM6bl B HbiOnOp nepeA BblneTOM HQ 6oM60pAMpOBKY

BOCCTQBWero clopTa <<KpaCHQ!il ropKa

14 MIOH!il 1919 r.

ApM3MT>> 22-ro
pa3BeAOTp11Aa Ha
nonbCKOM ci>pOHTe,

6pe re-14,
3axaa'4eHHbiM
y noniiKOB, Ha TeppMTOpMM
MocKoacKor o
aaManapKa,
o ceHb 1920 r.

A3pOAPOM 34-ro
M 35-ro PAO aatta4MM
nepBOM KOHHOM apMMM
a EKaTepMHOAape,
ceHT116pb 1920 r .

<<(nOAbl-7 10-ro (c 6enbiMH KpyroMH) M 13-ro ( C 3M6neMOM <<MHb-IIHb) HCTpOTPIIAOa CnoaHeHCKOM OaHorpynnbl,
03p0APOM npHIIMHHO, MOM 1920 r.

neT'IHK CJ.WewKoacKHM ao3ne HbiOnopo- 24 13-ro HCTpOTPIIAO, 03POAPOM CnoaHoe, MOM 1920 r .

AaHOAOPM A.B.Cepreea (a WHHenH H KenKe c KnOnOHOMH) H KOMOHAHP CnoaHeHCKOM oaHorpynnbl

A .A.WHpHHKHH (a 6enOM py60WKe C ronCyYKOM) cpeAH neT'IHKOa 4-ro HCTpe6HTenbHOrO AHaH3HOHO,
03POAPOM CnoaHoe, MOM 1920 r.

HbiOnopbl 1-ro MCTPOTPIIAO Ha 3anaAHOM ~paHTe, neTa 1920 r.

nM'tHbiM COCTQB 1-ro MCTpOTPIIAO B03ne OTPIIAHOrO 3WenOHQ 1

3anOAHbiM ~pOHT, neTO 1920 r.

QMOn e Tbl 20- ro PAO 3anOAHOro ~pOHTO, 0 3POAPOM rpoAHO, MIOnb 1920 r.

nocneACTBM"
yparaHa
Ha a3pOAPOMe
3CKCApMnbM
15-M apMMM
3anaAHOro
clpOHTC,
nono'-'K,
27 MIOn" 1920 r .

TpocleMHbiM CIJOKKep E-V nonbCKoro neT'IMKa SICMHCKoro Ha a3pOAPOMe CnaaHeHCKOM aaMarpynnbl, MIOHb 1920 r .

0AMH M3 nonbCKMX Xanb6epwTCATOB CL-11, oceHb 1919 r . Bo3MO>KHO, MMeHHO ny MCWMHY c6Mn
A.A.WMpMHKMH B B03AYWHOM 6010 14 MC" 1920 r .

6biBWMe AeHMKMHCKMe neT'IMKM, nepeweAWMe Ha

nopoHy KpacHOM apMMM M 3a'IMcneHHble a 52-M
pa3BeAOTPHA. C3aAM - <<AHacanb aaCTpMMCKOM
c6opKM. Mo)I(HO palnM'IMTb 3Be3AY, HapMcoaaHHYIO
noaepx 'lepHoro Kpena.

Pa36MTbiM <<Ae X3BMnneHA OBM04MM nepBOM

KOHHOM apMMM, neTo 1920 r . Xopowo BMAHO
nna'leBHOe COCTOSIHMe 06WMBKM COMOneTa C
MHOfO'IMCneHHbiMM 3annaTOMM.

OTnpaaKa a p e MOHT <<HbiOnopa-23 neT'IMKa 48-ro PAO AYAOneaa, noape*Ae HHoro a B03AYWHOM 6o10
c apaHreneacKMM caMoneTOM, IO)I(HbiM cl>poHT, MOM 1920 r.

CaMoneTbl l.leHTpanbHOM asMarpynnbl M.Y.naanosa Ha a::JpOAPOMe a CesepHOM TaspMM, asrycT 1920 r .

B 1,4eHTpe- ConBM'I CHaMn neT'IMKO r . CanOlKHMKOBO.

CHaMn CanOlKHMKOBO c MHAMBMAyanbHOM 3M6neMOM nMnoTa, neTo 1920 r .

0AMH M3 TpocleMHbiX spaHrenesCKMX Ae X::JsMnneHAOB, 3axsa'leHHbiX KpacHOM apMMeM a CMMclepononbCKMX

OBMOMOCTepCKMX. nonOCbl HO XBOCTe - npeAnOnOlKMTenbHO - 3M6neMO OBMOOTPRAO

ILYl1\.Yl OJ'P A UJ .YJJJ

Pocc111~CKIII~ locygapcTBeHHbl~ BoeHHo-VlcTopiiiYecKIII~

Apx111B, MocKBa.

Pocci!I~CKIII~ locygapcTBeHHbl~ BoeHHbl~ Apx111B, MocKBa.

locygapcTBeHHbl~ Apx111B KpacHogapCKOIO Kpa11, KpacHogap.
POCCIII~CKIII~ locygapCTBeHHbl~ apXIIIB KIIIHOcpOTO):\OKyMeHTOB, KpaCHOIOpCK.

Apx111B L(eHTpanbHOIO My3eS1 Boopy)!(eHHbiX C111n, .MocKBa.

Apx111B JlaTBIIl~CKoro soeHHOIO My3eS1, P1111a.
ApXIIIB HayyHo-MeMOplllanbHOIO My3eS1 H.E.>KyKOBCKOIO, MocKBa.
AneKcaHgpos A.O. "1111Apoa3ponnaHbl M-5 111 M-20", 1113AaTenbCTBO 6.C.K. C.-ne1ep6yp1, 19981.
AHOll(eHKO H.,lJ,., Bo3gyxonnaBaTen111", BoeHII13AaT, MoCKBa, 1960 1.
6oesa51 neTonlllcb BoeHHo-MopcKolo noTa 1917-1941 rr.", BoeHII13gaT, MocKBa, 1993 1.
BoeHHble MOp51KII1 B 6opb6e 3a snacTb CoseTOB Ha Cesepe (1917-1920 rr.}, c6opH111K, HayKa, JleHIIlHipag, 19821.
B.Vl.JleHIIlH 111 COBeTCKa51 aBII1aLJ,II1S1, AOKyMeHTbl, MaTeplllanbl, BOCnOMIIlHaHI/151", BoeH1113AaT, MOCKBa, 1979 I.
"lpa)!(gaHCKaS1 BO~Ha 111 lllHTepseHLJ,I/151 B CCCP", 3HLJ,II1Knonegll151, 1113A-BO CoBeTcKa51 3HLJ,II1Knonegii1S1, MocKBa, 1987 1.
lpa)!():laHcKaS1 BO~Ha B CCCP", BoeHII13AaT, MocKBa, 1986 1.
,lJ,opOHIIlH IO.n., B03AYWHbl~ C!:JnoT 6enbrx apM111~ Pocc111111 B IOAbl 1pa)!(gaHcKo~ so~Hbl 1918-20 "" KaYIIlHCKoe BBAYJl,
Bon1o1pag, 1997 1.
>Kapos Ci:l.Vl., "noABI/11111 KpacHbiX neTYIIlKOB", BoeH1113AaT, MocKsa, 1963 1.
VlBaHOB n.H., Kpblnb51 Hag MOpeM, BoeH1113AaT, MOCKBa, 1972 I.
VloHoB n.n., 3anii1CKII1 neTYII1Ka-Ha6mogaTen51, BoeHII13AaT, MocKBa, 19591.
"VlcTop11151 BoeHHo-Bo3gyuJHbiX C111n CoseTcKo~ apM111111", BoeHII13AaT, MocKBa, 1954 1.
"VlcTop111S1 naTbiWCKIIlX CTpenKOB", 3111HaTHe, P1111a, 1972 1.
Kapaes I.H., "Pa31pOM IOgeHIIlYa", BoeHII13AaT, MocK sa, 1940 1.
Ko)!(eBHIIIKOB A.T. "np111KntOYeHII151 B B03Ayxe", Aslllaii13AaTenbCTBO, MocKBa, 1926 1.
KopoTKOB Vl.C., 6oeBble ge~CTBII1S1 as111aLJ,IIllll Ha KpbiMCKOM cppoHTe", BoeHII13AaT, MocKBa, 1938 r.
KopoTKOB Vl.C., "Pa31pOM BpaHien51, BoeH1113AaT, MocKBa, 19551.
KpacoBCKIIl~ C.A., >K1113Hb B as111au,111111, BoeHII13AaT, MocKsa, 1960 r.
"KpacHbl~ B03AYWHbl~ cpnoP, ABII1a1113AaTenbCTBO, MocKBa, 1923 r.
MenlllKOB B.A., "lepo111YeCKa51 o6opoHa Uap111U,b1Ha, BoeHII13AaT, MocKBa, 19381.
nasnos 1!1. Y., "6oeso~ nyTb, 3anii1CKII1 KpacHOIO neTYIIlKa, MonogaS1 mapg11151, MocKBa, 1937 1.
neTpeHKO A.K., B He6e CTapo~ Ill HOBO~ PoCCI/1111", BoeHI/13):\aT, MoCKBa, 1952 I.
noneTaeB 0., Hyii!ICA. Ha KPblnbS1X POAII1Hbl, 33CTII1 PaMaaT, TannlllH, 1981 I.
Cas111H B.C. "As111au,11151 B YKpa111He, oyepK111 111CTOp111111, 1113AaTenbCTBO OcHoBa", XapbKOB, 1995 1.
CaMoneTOCTpoeHIIle B CCCP 1917-1945 1113AaTenbCKII1~ OTAen UAIVl, MocKBa, 19921.
Cep1ees A.B., "nS1Tb neT CTp0111TenbCTBa 111 6opb6bl KpacHOIO Bo3gywHOIO C!:JnoTa", ABII1a1113AaTenbCTBO, MocKBa, 1926 1.
"CoBeTCKIIle neTYIIlKIIl B 6o11x 3a PoglllHY", MocKBa, 1113AaTenbCTBO ,LJ,OCAAC!:J, 1958 r.
"CoseTCKoe soeHHO-MopcKoe lllCKyccTBO", c6opH111K, BoeHMOp1113gaT, MoCKBa, 1951 1.
CnaTapenb Vl.K., "npoTIIIB YepHolo 6apoHa", BoeHII13AaT, MocKBa, 1967 r.
CTonS1pCKII1~ C.3., "np111MeHeHII1e 1111ApoaBII1aLJ,II1111 AJlS1 coBMeCTHbiX ge~cTBIIl~ c peYHO~ soeHHO~ cpnoTIIlnllle~". locii13AaT,
MocKBa, 1921 1.
TyMaHCKIIl~ A.K., "noneT CKB03b IOAbl", BoeH1113AaT, MocKBa, 1962 1.
"XpoHII1Kage~cTBII1~ Bon)!(CKO-Kacnlll~CKO~ soeHHO~ cpnoT111n111111 3a 1918-1920 "-", lopbKIIl~, 19341.
Waspos B.6. V1CTop11151 KOHCTpyKLJ,IIl~ caMoneTOB B CCCP go 1938 1.", 1113AaTenbCTBO MaWIIlHOCTpoeHIIle", MocKBa, 1985 1.
WaM6apoB B., "6enorsapge~ll\111Ha", 1113AaTenbCTBO "C!:JopT, PS13aHb, 1996 1.
"3TII1X gHe~ He cMonKHeT cnasa", c6opH111K, nonii1T1113AaT, MocKsa, 1958 1.
A ten M., Orrmont. A., Last Trarn over Rostov Bridge, Julian Messner, Inc., New York, 1961.
Govorek T., Pierwsze Samoloty Mysliwskie Lotnictwa Polskiego, Sigma Not, Warszawa, 1991.
Jones 1., An Airfighter's Scrapbook, Greenhill Books, London, 1990.
Jones H.A., Over the Balkans and South Russia, being the history of N247 Squadron, R.A.F, Edward Arnold&Co, 1923.
Kopanski T.J, 19(39-a) Eskadra Wywiadowcza, Warszawa, 1994
Tarkowski K., Lotnictvo Polskie w wojnie z Rosja sowiecka, WKL, Warszawa, 1991.

>KypHanbl
A3poxo66w
ABII1aLJ,II1S1 111 speMS1"
"ABII1aLJ,II1S1 Ill KOCMOHaBTIIlKa"
"BeCTHIIlK Bo3gywHor o Ci:lnoTa", 1920-38 n.
",lJ,OHCKaS1 BOJlHa, 1919
KpblnbS1 POA111Hbl"
"M111p ABIIlaLJ,IIIill"
Hawa CTIIIXIIIS1, 1920
Avions
Air Pretoria!
Cross&Cockade International
Insignia
Letectvi a Kosmonautika
Militaria
Windsock lrlternational

ABTOpbl BbipaJKaiOT 6narot:~apHOCTb 3a nOMOI.l{b B pa6ore Hat:( KHMroi7t A.AneKCaHt:~poay, C.AneKceeay, r.nerpoay,
M.Macnoay, H.ManbiWeay M M.5yxMaHy.

Hay~HO-XYAO)f(eCTBeHHbl~

Hay~Ho-nonyn51pH bl~

)f(ypHan

OPY>K1,1E

I EXH1,1KA-MOJ10AE>IG1
e CeHca~~~ HayK~,
e

OrHECTPEJlbHOE OPY>K~E:

TeXH~K~, MeA~~~Hbl.

cJ>eHOMeHbl.
cJ>aHTaCT~Ka.
e 3araAK~ 3a6btTbiX

~ nHeBMaTM~eCKOe.
OxOTH~~be ~ cnopT~BHOe.

ra30BOe

~Ae~, .-~noTe3bt, ~3o6peTeH~~,

caMOAeJlK~.

5oesoe ~ noAnOilbHOe.
~CTOp~~eCKOe
~ nereHAapHoe.

e..ooeootca.v....,.
l li'W "lA(_U. H

l r'f<.~UA

u.~s~n~3a~~~-

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AHTono.-~~ Ta~HCTBeHHbiX
cny~aes.

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3aKOHbl o6 opy>K~~-

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1. 6poHeasroMo6V1nV1 PyccKoi:1 ApMlt1V1 , 1906- 1917 rr. , 108 c .
80
2. KpltlrCMapV1H8 (yHV10pMa, 3H3KV1, pa3Jl V1~V1fl ), 46 C.
3. V1CTOPltlfl Blt1HT08Klt1, 64 C.
20
4. ApMV1fl n erpa 1, 64 c.
20
5. Opy)Kltle KonneKLJ,ltlltl ner pa 1, 8 rsep,no ~ o6n .. noJlap. V13Jl., 144 c .
25
6. 3 HLJ,lt1KflOnAli1Sl 3KCTpM3JlbHbiX CV1TJ'3l.J,lllll1, 8 T88p)J.O~ 06Jl., 320 C .
30
7. V1HJl8~U.bl 88JlV1KV1X pa8HV1H, 8 T8pJl0Vl 06!1., 158 C.
30
8. Kpblflbfi- JlaVI.D.>KeCT N2 3 (V1cTpe6V1renb P- 63 KV1HrKo6pa), 48 c.
15
9. ct>poHT08ble caMoneTbl nepso~ MV1poso~ so~H bl . l1acrb I, 60 c .
35
l1acrb II, 48 c .
35
10. 60M6apJlV1POBW.V1KV1 nep80~ MV1p080~ BO~Hbl , 48 C.
40
11 . Cy6MapV1Hbl Ha BO~ He , 80 C.
25
12. HeV13secrHafl 6V1rsa s He6e MocKBbl 194 1- 1942 r r. , 128 c .
120
13. MOJlJlb- CpV1~ N2l / 99 (J-22)
30
14. ABV13U.V1~ PoccV1V1 ( My3e~ BBC MOHV1HO) , 34 c .
40
15. TaHKV1 c<neonap)l ct> Pr, 52 c .
40

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V1pV1He Bn3AV1MIIIposHe. Ten. OTAena pacnpocrpaHeHV1fl : (095) 285-20- 18.

CnopTVlBHblVI .>KypHan

AnSI rapaHTl.U1 AOCTaBK~ >KypHallOB B Jl8H8)KH0M nepeBOJl B r pacpe )J,.ns:t

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Ha3B3HV1~ V13A3HIII~ .

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no 05bE.QIIIHEHHOMY KATAnOrY:
ccTexH~K3-M0110Ae>Kir1,:

72098 (nj rOAOBafl), 42840 (rOAOBafl)

ccQp}')Kir1e>,:

26109 (njro.nosa~) , 26110 (rO)l088fl)

ccropHble Jlbi>Kir1/SKI>~:

26111

ccAslr13M3CTep>,:

26107 (nj rOAOBafl), 26108 (ro,nosa~ )

ccTaHKOMacrep,, :

261 05 (nj rOJlOBafl), 261 06 (roAosa~)

:3KVU1... ....

(n/ rOAOBas:t}, 26112 (rOAOBa~)

no KATAnOrY POCnE'-IATIII:
ccTeXH(f1Ka- MOJ10Ae>Kif1:

cc0py>t<lf1e:
ropHble 11bi>Kif1/ SKI)) :
AB(f1aMaCTep:
ccTaHKOMaCTepn:

70973 (nj rOAOBafl), 72337 (ro.o.osafl) - AflS1 H3C8n8H V1S1 ;

72998 (njrOAOBa~) . 72338 (rO)J.OBafl )- AflS1 Opr3 HV133L.J.V1Vl;
72297 (njrOAOBafl) , 48898 (rOAOBas:t)
73076 (njrOAOBa~) , 72335 (rOAOBafl)
72868 (njrOJlOBa~ ). 48899 (rOAOBa~ )
72869 (nj rOAOBafl), 48869 (rOAOBafl)

0TAen pacnpocTpaHeHv.SI: (095) 285-2018

3KMn. HOBL-1HKL-1
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