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Mechanism of Action:
Acyclovir is an antimetabolite
that is converted to an active
form by viral thymidine
kinase. The active
form interferes with viral DNA
polymerase and acts as a
chain terminator.
Special thanks to McGraw Hill for permission to use figures from Katzung, Masters and Trevor
Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 11th Edition, Chapter 49, McGraw Hill, a Lange Medical Book.
Terriann Crisp, Ph.D.
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B. Foscarnet
Mechanism of action
does NOT require activation by viral or host kinases.
Blocks binding sites on viral DNA polymerase and prevents
attachment of nucleotide precursors to DNA.
Numerous side effects renal impairment, hematologic
deficiencies, cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure.
Clinical Uses: cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, varicella
zoster virus
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MedlinePlus
A service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
From the National Institutes of Health National Institutes of Health
Tuesday, September 10, 2013
TUESDAY, Sept. 10 (Health Day News) -- Antiretroviral drugs can provide a high level of protection against HIV for uninfected people in
heterosexual couples in which the other partner has HIV, according to a new study.
The study included more than 1,100 HIV-uninfected people in Uganda who had a partner with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The
participants were given antiretroviral drugs and received counseling support throughout the study to help them adhere to their drug
regimen.
The drug adherence rate was 97 percent to 99 percent in the study, which was published Sept. 10 in the journal PLoS Medicine.
After an average follow-up period of 11 months, just 14 of the participants became infected with HIV, according to a journal news release.
The findings provide further proof that strict adherence to what is called antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis offers high levels of
protection to uninfected people, said Jessica Haberer, of Harvard Medical School, and colleagues.
The researchers said several previous studies in various groups (such as men who have sex with men, or women at high risk for HIV) have
shown that taking antiretroviral drugs provided uninfected people with varying levels of protection against HIV. One possible explanation for
the range of findings is different levels of adherence to the antiretroviral drugs, the researchers said.
"Proper support and assessment of adherence will be critical for determining efficacy of [pre-exposure prophylaxis] outside of clinical trials,"
the study authors wrote. "This data will be important for guiding ethical decisions about resource allocation for both prevention and
treatment of HIV."
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation funded the study.
HealthDay
Copyright (c) 2013 HealthDay. All rights reserved.
More Health News on:
HIV/AIDS Medicines
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=7oyp1zIIWmM
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D. Integrase Inhibitors
Raltegravir is an integrase inhibitor
Blocks integrase, a viral enzyme that inserts the viral
genome into the DNA of the host cell
Raltegravir is well tolerated
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-----------------STANDARD THERAPY For many years, the standard therapy for chronic HCV
genotype 1 infection (the most common genotype in the US and Europe) was
48 weeks of subcutaneously-injected pegylated interferon- and ribavirin. This
combination usually produces a sustained virologic response (SVR;
undetectable HCV RNA 24 weeks after stopping treatment) in 40-50% of
patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. Addition of telaprevir or boceprevir
to peginterferon and ribavirin increases SVR rates to 60-75% and has become
the standard of care for patients with HCV genotype 1 infection.
(Reference: The Medical Letter: Volume 56 (Issue 1433) January 6, 2014
www.medicalletter.org)
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VII. Interferons
Interferon-
Interferon-
Mechanism: The interferons inhibit viral penetration and uncoating,
and prevent viral peptide elongation.
Systemic Interferon- is active against chronic hepatitis B and
C, hairy-cell leukemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma,
condyloma acuminatum (genital warts) and some
papillomaviruses (anogenital warts).
Interferon- is effective at relieving the symptoms of multiple
sclerosis.
Adverse effects: neutropenia, cardiac arrhythmias, anemia and
influenza symptoms
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Sofusbivir-Ledipasvir
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