Complex Number

Nth Root of Unity

Solved Problems

Nth Root of Unity : Prove that all n1.n2n th roots of unity are in GP
Consider xn 1 = 0
i.e. xn = 1

i.e. x = = ( + )
cosx=cos( + )
{ = ( + )}

= ( +

=
+

k = 0, x1 = 1
k = 1, x2 =
k = 2, x3 =
k = 3, x4 =

+
+
+

.
.
.
.
.

=
=
=

Complex Number

Nth Root of Unity

k = n 1, xn =

()

Solved Problems

()

k = n, xn + 1 = + = =
k = n + 1, xn + 2 = wn + 1 = =
roots are 1, w, w2, w3, .wn 1
which are in GP with r = w and a = 1
w, w2, w3, .wn 1
=

( )
()

But wn = 1
&w1
=0

Solve completely equation :

+ + =
Let =
+ + =
+ + + =
y (y + 10) + 1 (y + 10) = 0
(y + 10) (y + 1) = 0
i.e. y = -1, y = -10

Complex Number

Nth Root of Unity

Let y = -1
i.e. x5 = (-1)

i.e. x = (-1) = ( + )

= {( + ) + }

+ ( + ) }

= {( + )

k = 0, x1 = +
k = 1, x2 =

k = 2, x3 = + =
k = 3, x4 =
k = 4, x5 =

Now y = -10
x5 = -10

i.e. x = (-10)

= (10) (-1)

others 5 roots are

= (10)
=

()

Solved Problems

Complex Number

Nth Root of Unity

()

()

()

Solved Problems

Find the roots common to

+ = =
Consider
+ =
=
=

()

= (

) ]

= [( + ) + ( +
( + )
( + )
=
+

= , =

= , =

= , =

= , =

Now =
4

Complex Number

Nth Root of Unity

Solved Problems

()

= + )

= { ( + ) + ( + )}

= {( + ) + ( + ) }

(
)
(
)
= +
+ +

= , =

= , =

= , =

= , =

= , =

= , =

If w is 7th root of unity

Prove that = + + + + + +
= if n is multiple of 7
= 0 otherwise
5

Complex Number

Nth Root of Unity

Consider =

Solved Problems

{using demovier

theorem}
= , =

= , = =

= , = =
= , = =
.
.
.
.
.

= , = =

=
& =
If n = 7k (k z)
Then = + + + + + +
= + ( ) + ( ) + ( ) + ( ) + ( )
+ ( )
= + ( ) + ( ) + ( ) + ( ) + ( )
+ ( )
6

Complex Number

Nth Root of Unity

Solved Problems

=++++++
=
If n 7k then
= + ( ) + ( ) + ( ) + ( ) + ( )
+ ( )
( )
( )

=
=
=
=



{ ( )
( ) = ( ) = () =

Solve = ( + ) and Find continued product of all the

roots
= ( + )
= ( +

= { ( + )}

{ ( + ) + ( + )}

{( + ) + ( + ) }

Complex Number

Nth Root of Unity

{( + )

+ ( + ) }

= , =

= , =

= , =

= , =

= , =

Now =
=

(+ )

(++++)

= () { + }

= ( + )

If w is cube root of unity

Then P.T. ( ) =
w is cube root of unity
8

Solved Problems

Complex Number

Nth Root of Unity

Solved Problems

= & + + =
( ) = {( ) }
= {( + )}
= { )}
= ()
= ()
=
( ) =
Hence Proved.
Prove that
( ) = ( ) ( +
+

+ )

=
=

Put k = 0,1,2,3,4
=

=
=

+ ) (

Complex Number

Nth Root of Unity

=
=

Solved Problems

( )

= ( ) (

( ) (

) (

) (

) (

) (

)
(

=
{
=

= ( ) ( {

+ ) (

+ )

= ( ) [ ( ) + ] (

+ )

10

Complex Number

Nth Root of Unity

Solved Problems

{ + = }
= ( ) (

+ ) (
+ )

= ( ) ( (

) + ) [

( ) + ]

= ( ) ( +

+ ) ( + + )

Find the continued product of all values of :

{ } = ( )

Solution :

{ }

= { ( + ) ( + )}

= {( + ) ( + ) }

11

Complex Number

Nth Root of Unity

= ( + )

( + )

Now,
K=0 , x1 = e-i /4
K=1, x2=e-i7 /4
K=2, x3 = e-i3 /4
K=4, x4 = e-i9 /4

. . . . . =

=e-i10
= cos10 isin10
=1

Q. Show the roots of given equation

(x+1)7 = (x-1)7 as icosr 1r=1, 2, 3

Solution
12

Solved Problems

Complex Number

Nth Root of Unity

( + )
=
( )
+
= ()/

= ( + )/
= ( + )/

. .

=
+

Using componendo dividend

(
+

)
+
(
)

( ) + ( )

+ ( . )
=



+ .

( + )
=

( + )

13

Solved Problems

Complex Number

Nth Root of Unity

Solved Problems

Now,

= , =

= , =
= , =
= ,

=
= ( ) =

= , =

= ( ) =

= , =

= ( ) =

Hence the root of equation ( + ) = ( )

14

Complex Number

Nth Root of Unity

Solved Problems

. , , , = ,
( )( )( )(
) =

Solution: =
=

()

= ( +

= ( +
=

= , =
= , =

= , =

= , =

=
15

Complex Number

= , =

Nth Root of Unity

Solved Problems

. . = ( )( )( )( )( )
( )
= ( )( )( )( )
( )
( )( + + + + )
( )
= ( )( )( )( )

( + + + + ) = ( )( )( )( )
=
( )( )( )( ) = ( + + + + )
=

. + = (

+ (

Solution:T.P.T Squaring on both sides

+ = {( ) + ( ) }

16

Complex Number

Nth Root of Unity

R.H.S = {(

+ (

) }

=
+
+
( )( )
( ) + ( )

=
+
( )( )
( )( )
( + )

=
+
( + ) ( + )
=+
=+
=+

( )

( )

=+

= +

= . .

17

Solved Problems

Complex Number

Nth Root of Unity

18

Solved Problems