SERIES

COMPLETION

Vishal Ahuja

What you have to do?

In these questions, series of numbers
or alphabetical letters will be given,
which are generally called as terms
of the series.
These terms follow a certain pattern
throughout.

 You are required to recognize this

pattern and either

given series

complete the
with

suitable alternative or

the

most

find the

wrong term in the series.

SERIES COMPLETION

 Ex.1 Which number would replace

question mark in the series

7, 12, 19, ?, 39.

a) 29 b)

28 c)

26 d)

24

 Clearly, the given sequence follows

the pattern :
+ 5, +7, +9 ... i.e.,
7 + 5 = 12,
12 + 7=19
Missing number = 19 + 9 = 28.
Hence, the answer is (b).

 Ex.2 Which is the number that comes

next in the sequence :
0 6 24 60 120 210 ?
a) 240 b)

290 c)

336 d)

504

Solution
Clearly, the given series is
l3 - 1, 23 - 2, 3s - 3,..,
43 4, 53 - 5
Next number = 73 - 7 = 343 - 7 =
336.
Hence, the answer is (c).

 Ex.3 Which is the number that comes

next in the following sequence ?
4, 6, 12, 14, 28, 30, (?)
a) 32 b)

60 c) 62

d)

64

Solution
The given sequence is a combination of
two series :
I. 4. 12, 28, ( )
and
II. 6. 14, 30.
Now, the pattern followed in each of the
above two series is :
+ 8, + 16. + 32
So. missing number = (28 + 32) = 60.
Hence, the answer is (b).

 Ex.4 Look at this series. What

number should come next?
22, 21, 23, 22, 24, 23, ...
A. 22

B. 24

C. 25

D. 26

Solution
Answer: Option C (25)
Explanation:
In this simple alternating subtraction
and addition series; 1 is subtracted,
then 2 is added, and so on.

 Ex.5 Look at this series:

8, 22, 8, 28, 8, ...
What number should come next?
A.9
B. 29
C. 32
D. 34

Solution
Answer: Option D (34)
Explanation:
This is a simple addition series with a
random number, 8, interpolated as every
other number. In the series, 6 is added to
each number except 8, to arrive at the
next number.

 Ex.6 Look at this series:

1.5, 2.3, 3.1, 3.9, ...
What number should come next?
A. 4.2
B. 4.4
C. 4.7
D. 5.1

Solution
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
In this simple addition series, each
number increases by 0.8.

 Ex.7 Look at this series:

14, 28, 20, 40, 32, 64, ...
What number should come next?
A. 52
B. 56
C. 96
D. 128

Solution
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
This is an alternating multiplication and
subtracting series: First, multiply by 2 and
then subtract 8.

 Ex.8 Look at this series:

1000, 200, 40, ...
What number should come next?
A. 8
B. 10
C. 15
D. 20

Solution
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
This is a simple division series. Each
number is divided by 5.

ANALOGY

ANALOGY
An analogy question gives you a pair
or words; then from a list of other
pairs you pick the one that most
nearly matches the relationship of
the original pair.

Type - 1
Find out which of the answer choices
completes the same relationship with
the third word.

Ex 1 :
Newspaper : Press : : Cloth : ?
(a)Tailor
(d) Factory

(b) Textile
(e) Mill

(c) Fibre

 Answer: Option E
Explanation:
Newspaper is printed in Press and Cloth is
manufactured in Mill.

Ex 2:
Cup is to coffee as bowl is to
A.Dish
B. Soup
C. Spoon
D. food

 Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Coffee goes into a cup and soup goes into
a bowl. Choices a and c are incorrect
because they are other utensils. The
answer is not choice d because the word
food is too general.

 Ex 3:
Odometer is to mileage as compass is to
A.Speed
B.Hiking
C.Needle
D.direction

 Answer: Option D
Explanation:
An odometer is an instrument used to
measure mileage. A compass is an
instrument used to determine direction.
Choices a, b, and c are incorrect because
none is an instrument.

 Ex 4 :
Pen is to poet as needle is to
A.Thread
B.Button
C.Sewing
D.tailor

 Answer: Option D
Explanation:
A pen is a tool used by a poet. A needle is
a tool used by a tailor. The answer is not
choice a, b, or c because none is a person
and therefore cannot complete the
analogy.

Type - 2
Choose the picture that would go in
the empty box so that the two
bottom pictures are related in the
same way as the top two are related.

Ex. 5 :

 Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Cup is to bowl as vacuum cleaner is to
broom. This is another relationship about
function. The cup and bowl are both used
for eating. The vacuum cleaner and broom
are both used for cleaning.

Ex 6 :

 Answer: Option D
Explanation:
A can of paint is to a paintbrush as a spool
of thread is to a sewing needle. This is a
relationship of function. Both show the tool
needed to perform a task.

Type - 3
The words in the bottom row are
related in the same way as the words
in the top row. For each item, find the
word that completes the bottom row
of words.

Ex. 7 :

 Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Above the line, the relationship shows a
progression of sources of light. The
relationship below the line shows a
progression of types of housing, from
smallest to largest. (Choice a) is incorrect
because a tent is smaller than a house.
Choices b and c are wrong because they
are not part of the progression.

Ex. 8 :

 Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The words above the line show a
continuum: Command is more extreme
than rule, and dictate is more extreme
than command. Below the line, the
continuum is as follows: Sleep is more than
doze, and hibernate is more than sleep.
The other choices are not related in the
same way.

Ex.9:

 Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The relationship above the line is as
follows; apples are a kind of fruit; fruit is
sold in a supermarket. Below the line, the
relationship is: a novel is a kind of book;
books are sold in a bookstore.

Type - 4
Every one of the following questions
consists of a related pair of words,
followed by five pairs of words.
Choose the pair that best represents
a similar relationship to the one
expressed in the original pair of
words.

Ex.10:
EXPLORE : DISCOVER

A. read : skim
B. research : learn
C. write : print
D. think : relate
E. sleep : wake

 Answer: Option B
Explanation:
One explores to discover; one researches
to learn.

Ex.11:
PETAL : FLOWER

A. salt : pepper
B. tire : bicycle
C. base : ball
D. sandals : shoes
E. puppy : dog

 Answer: Option B
Explanation:
A petal is a part of a flower; a tire is a part
of a bicycle.

CLASSIFICATION
Classification means to check
the items of a given group on the
basis of a certain common quality
they possess and then spot the odd
one out.

 Which word does NOT belong with the

others?

A. inch
B. ounce
C. centimeter
D. yard

 Answer: Option B
Explanation:
An ounce measures weight; the other
choices measure length.

 Which word does NOT belong with the

others?

A. tire
B. steering wheel
C. engine
D. car

 Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Tire, steering wheel, and engine are all
parts of a car.

KINDS
OF
RELATIONSHIPS

Instrument and
Measurement
Ex. Barometer : Pressure
Barometer is an instrument used to measure pressure.
Some more examples are given below :
1. Thermometer : Temperature 7.
Rain Gauge : Rain
2. Anemometer : Wind vane
8. Hygrometer :
Humidity
3. Odometer : Speed 9. Ammeter : Current
4. Screw Gauge : Thickness 10. Scale : Length
5. Seismograph : Earthquakes 11.
Balance : Mass
6. Sphygmomanometer : Blood Pressure
12.
Taseometer : Strains

Quantity and Unit

Ex. Length : Metre
Metre is the unit of length.
Some more examples are given below :
1. Mass : Kilogram
10. Time : Seconds
2. Force : Newton
11. Current : Ampere
3. Energy : Joule
12. Luminosity : Candela
4. Resistance : Ohm 13. Pressure : Pascal
5. Volume : Litre
14. Area : Hectare
6. Angle : Radians
15. Temperature : Degrees
7. Power : Watt 16. Conductivity : Mho
8. Potential : Volt
17. Magnetic field : Oersted
9. Work : Joule

Individual and Group

Ex. Sailors : Crew
A group of sailors is called a crew.
Some more examples are given below :
1. Cattle : Herd
7.
Sheep : Flock
2. Flowers : Bouquet 8.
Riders : Cavalcade
3. Grapes : Bunch
9.
Bees : Swarm
4. Singer : Chorus
10. Man : Crowd
5. Artist : Troupe
11. Soldiers : Army
6. Fish : Shoal
12. Nomads : Horde

Animal and Young one

Ex. Cow : Calf
Calf is the young one of cow.
Some more examples are given below :
1. Horse : Pony
6. Dog : Puppy
2. Cat : Kitten
7. Hen : Chicken
3. Sheep : Lamb
8. Lion : Cub
4. Butterfly : Caterpillar
9. Duck : Duckling
5. Insect : Larva
10. Man : Child

Male and Female

Ex. Horse : Mare
Mare is the female horse.
Some more examples are given below :
1. Dog : Bitch
6. Drone : Bee
2. Stag : Doe
7. Gentleman : Lady
3. Son : Daughter
8. Nephew : Niece
4. Lion : Lioness
9. Tiger : Tigress
5. Sorcerer : Sorceress

Individual and Class

Ex. Lizard : Reptile
Lizard belongs to the class of reptiles.
Some more examples are given below r
1. Man : Mammal 4. Butterfly : Insect
2. Ostrich : Bird
5. Whale : Mammal
3. Snake : Reptile 6. Rat : Rodent

Individual and Dwelling Place

Ex. Dog : Kennel
A dog lives in a kennel.
Some more examples are given below :
1. Bee : Apiary
5. Monk : Monastery
2. Cattle : Shed
6. Fish . Aquarium
3. Lion : Den
7. Birds : Aviary
4. Poultry : Farm 8. Horse : Stable

Study and Topic

Ex. Ornithology : Birds
Ornithology is the study of birds.
Some more examples are given below :
1. Seismology : Earthquakes
9. Entomology :
Insects
2. Botany : Plants
10. Zoology : Animals
3. Onomatology : Names 11. Ontology : Reality
4. Ethnology : Human Races
12. Oology : Eggs
5. Occultism : Supernatural
13. Virology : Viruses
6. Herpetology : Amphibians
14. Malacology :
Molluscs
7. Pathology : Diseases
15. Palaeontology : Fossils
8. Astrology : Future 16. Pedology : Soil

Cont.
17. Anthropology : Man
26. Taxonomy :
Classification
18. Palaeography : Writings27. Orography : Mountains
19. Ichthyology : Fishes
28. Selenography : Moon
20. Semantics : Language 29. Eccrinology : Secretions
21. Nephrology : Kidney
30. Histology : Tissues
22. Concology : Shells
31. Nidology : Nests
23. Haematology : Blood 32. Cardiology : Heart
24. Craniology : Skull 33. Phycology : Algae
25. Mycology : Fungi 34. Bryology : Bryophytes

Worker and Tool

Ex. Blacksmith : Anvil
Anvil is the tool used by a blacksmith.
Some more examples are given below :
1. Carpenter : Saw
8. Chef: Knife
2. Woodcutter : Axe 9. Doctor : Stethoscope
3. Tailor : Needle
10. Farmer : Plough
4. Labourer : Spade 11. Author : Pen
5. Soldier : Gun
12. Surgeon : Scalpel
6. Sculptor : Chisel 13. Gardener : Harrow
7. Mason : Plumbline 14. Warrior : Sword

Tool and Action

Ex. Needle : Sew
A needle is used for sewing.
Some more examples are given below :
1. Knife : Cut 10. Gun : Shoot
2. Sword : Slaughter 11. Shovel : Scoop
3. Mattock : Dig
12. Chisel : Carve
4. Filter : Purify 13. Oar : Row
5. Steering : Drive
14. Axe : Grind
6. Pen : Write 15. Auger : Bore
7. Spanner : Grip
16. Spade : Dig
8. Spoon : Feed17. Shield : Guard
9. Microscope : Magnify18. Loudspeaker : Amplify

Worker and Working Place

Ex. Chef: Kitchen
A chef works in a kitchen.
Some more examples are given below :
1. Farmer : Field 12. Teacher : School
2. Warrior : Battlefield 13. Doctor : Hospital
3. Engineer : Site
14. Clerk : Office
4. Sailor : Ship 15. Servant : House
5. Pilot : Cockpit 16. Driver : Cabin
6. Beautician : Parlour 17. Grocer : Shop
7. Artist : Theatre
18. Painter : Gallery
8. Actor : Stage 19. Waiter : Restaurant
9. Mechanic : Garage 20. Worker : Factory
10. Lawyer : Court
21. Umpire : Pitch
11. Scientist : Laboratory
22. Gambler : Casino

Worker and Product

Ex. Mason : Wall
A mason builds a wall.
Some more examples are given below
1. Farmer : Crop
10. Teacher : Education
2. Hunter : Prey
11. C h e f : Food
3. Carpenter : Furniture 12. Judge : Justice
4. Author : Book
13. Choreographer : Ballet
5. Goldsmith : Ornaments14. Producer : Film
6. Butcher : Meat
15. Architect : Design
7. Cobbler : Shoes
16. Tailor : Clothes
8. Poet : Poem
17. Dramatist : Play
9. Editor : Newspaper

Product and Raw Material

Ex. Prism : Glass
Prism is made of glass.
Some more examples are given below
1. Butter : Milk
11. Cloth : Fibre
2. Wall : Brick
12. Road : Asphalt
3. Furniture : Wood
13. Book : Paper
4. Shoes : Leather
14. Sack : Jute
5. Pullover : Wool 15. Omelette : Egg
6. Metal : Ore
16. Jewellery : Gold
7. Rubber : Latex 17. Linen : Flax
8. Jaggery : Sugarcane 18. Oil : Seed
9. Wine : Grapes 19. Paper : Pulp
10. Fabric : Yarn

Part and Whole Relationship

Ex. Pen : Nib.
Nib is a part of a pen.
Some more examples are given below
1. Pencil : Lead
5. Room : Window
2. House : Kitchen 6. Aeroplane : Cockpit
3. Fan : Blade
7. Book : Chapter
4. Class : Student

Word and Intensity

Ex. Anger : Rage
Rage is of higher intensity than Anger
Some more examples are given below :
1. Wish : Desire
6. Famous : Renowned
2. Kindle : Burn
7. Unhappy : Sad
3. Sink : Drown
8. Refuse : Deny
4. Quarrel : War 9. Crime : Sin
5. Error : Blunder 10. Moist : Drench

Word and Synonym

Ex. Blend : Mix
Blend means same as Mixing. Thus. Mix is the synonym of
Blend.
Some more examples are given below :
1. Adobe : Dwelling
2. Ban : Prohibition
3. Assign : Allot 4. Vacant : Empty
5. Abduct : Kidnap
6. Dearth : Scarcity
7. Dissipate : Squander 8. Sedate : Calm
9. Brim : Edge 10. House : Home
11. Solicit : Request
12. Presage : Predict
13. Haughty : Proud
14. Flaw : Defect
15. Fierce : Violent
16. Fallacy : Illusion
17. Substitute : Replace
18. Mend : Repair
19. Alight : Descend
20. Presume : Assume

Word and Antonym

Ex. Attack : Defend
Defend means the opposite of Attack. Thus, Defend is the
antonym of Attack.
Some more examples are given below :
1. Advance : Retreat
2. Cruel : Kind
3. Best : Worst 4. Fresh : Stale
5. Ignore : Notice
6. Initial : Final
7. Condense : Expand 8. Chaos : Peace
9. Create : Destroy
10. Gradual : Abrupt
11. Sink : Float 12. Robust : Weak
13. Gentle : Harsh
14. Deep : Shallow
15. Cordial : Hostile
16. Affirm : Deny
17. Mourn : Rejoice
18. Lethargy : Alertness
19. Kindle : Extinguish 20. Lend : Borrow

CODING - DECODING

 A CODE is a 'system of signals'. Therefore,

Coding is a method of transmitting a
message between the sender and the
receiver without a third person knowing it.
The Coding arid Decoding Test is set to
judge the candidate's ability to crack the
rule that codes a particular word/message
and break the code to understand the
message.

TYPE 1 : LETTER
CODING
In these questions, the real alphabets
in a word are replaced by certain
other alphabets according to a
specific rule to form its code.
You are required to detect
common rule and answer
questions accordingly.

the
the

Ex.1
If TAP is coded as SZO. then how is FREEZE coded
?
(a)EQDFYG
(b)ESDFYF
(c)GQFDYF
(d)EQDDYD

 Clearly, each letter in the word TAP is

moved one step backward to obtain the
corresponding letter of the code.
Thus, in FREEZE, F will be coded as E, R as
Q, E as D and Z as Y. So, the code becomes
EQDDYD.
Hence, the answer is (d).

Ex. 2
In a certain code, SIKKIM is written as
THLJJL.
How is TRAINING written in that code ?

(a) SQBHOHOH
(b) UQBHOHOF
(c) UQBJOHHO
(d) UQBJOHOH
(e) None of these

 Clearly, the letters in the word SIKKIM are

moved alternately one step forward and
one step backward to obtain the letters of
the code.
So, in TRAINING,
T will be coded as U,
R as Q, A as B, I as H, N as O and so on.
Thus, the code becomes UQBHOHOF.
Hence, the answer is (b).

Ex.3
In a certain code, FORGE is written as
FPTJI. How is CULPRIT written in that
code ?
(a)CSJNPGR
(b)CVMQSTU
(c)CVNSVNZ
(d)CXOSULW

 Clearly, the first letter in the word FORGE remains

as it is and the second, third, fourth and fifth
letters are respectively moved one, two, three
and four
steps forward to obtain the corresponding letters
of the code.
Applying the same rule to the letters of the word
CULPRIT, C will remain unchanged, U will be
coded as V, L as N, P as S, R as V, I as N and T as
Z. Thus, the code becomes CVNSVNZ.
Hence, the answer is (c).

 If in a code, ALTERED is written as ZOGVIVW,

then in the same code, RELATED would be written
as
(a)IVOZGVW
(b)IVOZGWV
(c)IVOGZVW
(d)VIOZGVW

 Clearly, each letter of the word ALTERED is replaced by

the letter which occupies the same position from the
other end of the English alphabet, to obtain the code.
Thus. A, the first letter of the alphabet, is replaced by
Z, the last letter. L, the 12th letter from the
beginning of the alphabet, is replaced by O, the 12th
letter from the end. T, the 7th letter from the end of
the alphabet is replaced by G, the 7th letter from the
beginning of the alphabet, and so on.
Similarly, in the word RELATED, R will be coded as I, E
as V, L as 0, A as Z, T as G and D as W. Thus, the code
becomes IVOZGVW.
Hence, the answer is (a).

 In a certain code, MENTION is written as

LNEITNO. How is PATTERN written in that
code ?
(a)APTTREM
(b)PTAETNR
(c)OTAETNR
(d) OTAETRN
(e) None of these

 Clearly, to obtain the code, the first letter of the

word MENTION is moved one step backward and
the remaining letters are reversed in order, taking
two at a time.
So, in PATTERN, P will be coded as 0 and the
sequence of the remaining letters in the code
would be TAETNR. Thus, the code becomes
OTAETNR.
Hence, the answer is (c).

TYPE-2
Direct Letter Coding
In this type, particular letters are made
codes for particular letters without there
being any set pattern.
For example, let us consider a language in
which A is coded as W, C as P, E as T, L as
Z, S as B & T as K. Then the code for
CASTLE will be PWBKZT.

Direct Letter Coding

In direct-coding, the code letters occur in
the same sequence as the corrosponding
letters occur in the words.

Ex.
If in a certain code, O is written as E, A as
C, M as I, S as O, N as P, E as M, I as A, P
as N and C as S, then how will COMPANIES
be written in that code ?

(a) SMINCPAMO
(b) SEIACPAMO
(c) SEINCPAMO
(d) SEINCPMIO

 Answer : C

Ex. :
If in a code language, PARENT is written as
BDFGJK and CHILDREN as MOXQUFGJ, how
is REPRINT written in that code ?

(a) FGBFXJK
(b) FGBUXJK
(c) FGBFXGD
(d) BGBFXJK

 Answer : a

TYPE-3
NUMBER / SYMBOL CODING
In these questions, either numerical code
values are assigned to a word or
alphabetical code letters are assigned to
the numbers. The candidate is required to
analyze the code.

 Case I : When numerical code

values are assigned to words.
Ex. If in a certain language A is coded as 1,
B is coded as 2, and so on, how is BIDDIC
coded in that code ?
a) 294493
b) 284563
(c) 375582
d) 394492

 Answer :
As given the letters are coded as
A B C D E F G H I...
1 2 3 4 5 67 8 9...
So, in BIDDIC, B is coded as 2, I as 9, D as
4, and C as 3. Thus, BIDDIC is coded as
294493
Hence, the answer is (a).

Ex. :
If E=5 , PEN=35 then PAGE = ?

(a) 27
(b) 28
(c) 29
(d) 36

 Answer :
Putting A=1, B=2, C=3, D=4, E=5, , M=13, ,
X=24, Y=25, Z=26, we have :
PEN = P + E + N = 16 + 5 + 14 = 35.
So, PAGE = P + A + G + E = 16 + 1 + 7 + 5 = 29.
Hence, the answer is (c).

Ex. :
If RED is coded as 6720, then how would
GREEN be coded ?
(a) 1677199
(b) 1677209
(c) 16717209
(d) 9207716

 Answer :
RED = DER = 4/5/18 = 6/7/20 = 6720.
GREEN = NEERG = 14/5/5/18/7 =
16/7/7/20/9
= 1677209.
Hence, the answer is (b).

 Case II : When alphabetical codes

are
assigned to
numbers.

This type of questions are of direct coding

only.

Ex. :
In a certain code, a number 13479 is
written as AQFJL and 2568 is written as
DMPN. How is 396824 written in that
code ?
(a) QLPMNF
(b) QLPNMF
(c) QLPNMJ
(d) QLPNDF

 Answer : D

TYPE-4 MATRIX CODING

 Answer : D

From matrix I, C can be coded as 04, 10, 21, 31 or 44.

From matrix II,O can be coded as 57, 69, 78, 85 or 96.
From matrix II,L can be coded as 56, 68, 79, 89 or 95.
From matrix I, D can be coded as 00, 11, 24, 32 or 41.
Clearly, only (d) contains all correct codes.

TYPE-5 SUBSTITUTION
In this type of questions, some particular
words are assigned certain substituted
names. Then a question is asked that is to
be answered in the substituted code
language.

Ex. :
If cook is called butler, butler is called
manager, manager is called teacher,
teacher is called clerk and clerk is called
principal, who will teach in a class ?
(a) Cook
(b) Butler
(c) Manager
(d) Teacher
(e) Clerk

 Answer : E
A 'teacher' teaches in a class and as given
teacher' is called 'clerk.
So, a 'clerk* will teach in the class.
Hence, the answer is (e).

Ex. :
If white is called blue, blue is called red, red is
called yellow, yellow is called green, green is
called black, black is called violet and violet is
called orange,
what would be the colour of human blood ?
(a) Red
(6) Green
(c) Yellow
(d) Violet
(e) Orange

 Answer : C
The colour of the human blood is 'red' and
as given, 'red' is called yellow'.
So, the colour of human blood is 'yellow.
Hence, answer is C.

TYPE 6 : MIXED LETTER CODING

In this type of questions, three or four complete
messages are given in the coded language and
the code for a particular word is asked.
To analyze such codes, any two messages
bearing a common word are picked up. The
common code word will mean that word.
Proceeding similarly by picking up all possible
combinations of two, the entire message can be
analyzed.

Ex. :
If 'nso ptr kli chn' stands for 'Sharma gets
marriage gift , 'ptr Inm wop chn stands
for 'wife gives marriage gift , tti wop nhi'
stands for 'he gives nothing ,
what would mean 'gives' ?
(a) chn
(b) nhi
(c) ptr
(d) wop

 Answer : D
In the second and third statements,
the common word is gives and the
common
code word is 'wop'. So, 'wop means
'gives'.
Hence, the answer is (d).

Ex. :
In a certain code language, 'Mink Yang Pe'
means 'Fruits are ripe'; 'Pe Lao May Mink'
means Oranges are not ripe' and 'May Pe
Nue Mink' means 'Mangoes are not ripe'.
Which word in that language means
Mangoes' ?
(a) May
(b) Pe
(c) Nue
(d) Mink

 Answer : C
In the second and third statements, the
common code words are 'Pe', 'Mink' and
'May' and the common words are 'are',
'not' and 'ripe'.
So, in the third statement, Nue' stands
for 'mangoes'.
Hence, answer is C.

TYPE 7 : MIXED NUMBER CODING

In this type of questions, a few
groups of numbers each coding a
certain short
message, are given.
Through a comparison of the given
coded messages, taking two at a
time, you are required to find the
number code for each word and then
formulate the code for the message
given.

Ex. :
In a certain code, '786' means 'study very
hard', '958' means 'hard work pays and '645'
means 'study and work.
Which of the following is the code for very ?
(a) 8
(b) 6
(c) 7
(d) Can't be determined
(e) None of these

 Answer : C
In the first and second statements, the
common word is 'hard' and the common
code digit is '8'. So, '8' means hard.
In the first and third statements, the
common word is 'study and the common
code digit is '6'. So, '6' means 'study.
Thus, in the first statement, 7 means
'very. Hence, the answer is (c).

TYPE 8: DECIPHERING INDIVIDUAL

LETTER CODES BY ANALYSIS
In this type of questions, certain
sample words are given along with
their codes.
You are required to decipher
individual codes for different letters
by comparing, taking two words at a
time, and then answer the given1
questions accordingly.

Ex. :
Below are given some words. These have been
translated into a code language. The code
equivalents of the words in column I given in
column II are not necessarily opposite to the
corresponding words.
Study the two columns carefully and then of
the four alternatives given in each question,
find the one that has the code equivalents of
the letters of the word
given in the question.

Answer :

We first find the exact codes of the given words.

DELIBERATION is a twelve-letter word. So, its code is
cefkmopqqszz.
CONSIDERATE is an eleven-letter word So, its code is
adefmopqqsz.
GHOSTLIKE and KNOWLEDGE are nine-letter words and the codes
are cfhmoqqrx and cdgmqrsxz.
KNOWLEDGE has two E's and so its code will also contain two
identical letters.
Thus, its code is cfhmoqqrx.
So, the code for GHOSTLIKE is cdgmqrsxz.
WORLDLY is a seven-letter word. So, its code is ccehlmo.
ROCKET is a six-letter word. So, its code is aemrqs.

 The common letter in the given words is O and the common

code letter is m. So, m stands for O.
In WORLDLY and ROCKET, the common code letter m stands for
O. The other common code fetter e stands for R.
In GHOSTLIKE and WORLDLY, the other common code letter c
stands for L.
In DELIBERATION and WORLDLY, the common code letters c, e
and m stand for L, R and O respectively. The other common
code letter o stands for D.
In WORLDLY and KNOWLEDGE, the common code letters m, c
and o stand for O, L and D respectively. So. the other common
code letter h stands for W.
In KNOWLEDGE, there are two E's and the letter q occurs twice
in the code. So, q stands for E.

 In KNOWLEDGE and ROCKET, the common code letters m and

q stand for O and E respectively. So, the other common code r
stands for K.
In GHOSTLIKE and ROCKET, the common code letters m, r
and q stand for O, K and E respectively. So, the other common
code letter s stands for T.
In ROCKET, the remaining code letter a stands for C.
In GHOSTLIKE and KNOWLEDGE, the common code letters m,
c, r and q stand for O, L, K and E respectively. So. the other
common code letter x stands for G.
In KNOWLEDGE, the remaining code letter f stands for N.
In DELIBERATION and GHOSTLIKE, the common code letters q,
c, s and m stand for E, L, T and O respectively. So, the
common code letter z stands for L

 In CONSIDERATE and GHOSTLIKE, the common

code letters m, z, q and s stand for O, I, E and T
respectively. So, the common code letter d stands
for S.
In GHOSTLIKE, the remaining code letter g stands
for H.
In CONSIDERATE, the remaining code letter p
stands for A.
In DELIBERATION, the remaining code letter k
stands for B.

The information can be summarized as below :

Code m e
Letter O

R L

o h

D W

 1. (c): The code for S is d, for O is m, for L is c, for A is p,

for C is a and for E is q. So, the code for SOLACE is
dmcpaq or acdmpq.
2. (a): The code for K is r, for N is f, for I is z, for G is x,
for H is g and for T is s. So, the code for KNIGHT is rfzxgs
or fgrsxz.
3. (b): The code for W is h, for O is m, for R is e, for D is o
and for Y is L. So, the code for WORDY is hmeol or ehlmo.
4. (b): The code for N is f, for 0 is m, for T is s, for I is z,
for C is a and for E is q. So. the code for NOTICE is
fmszaq or afmqsz.
5. (d): The code for B is k, for L is c, for O is m, for A is p
and for T is s. So, the code for BLOAT is kcmps or ckmps.