Программирование на языке SAS. Основы (Материалы курса) - 2008 PDF

SAS:
SAS:
1 SAS/Base ...... 1-1

1.1 ... 1-3
1.2 SAS .......................................................................................... 1-5
1.3 SAS .......... 1-12
1.4 SAS ... 1-15
1.5 SAS ... 1-17
1.6 1-19
2 SAS .... 2-1

2.1 . 2-3
2.2 SAS .. 2-5
2.3 SAS ....... 2-9
3 SAS .. 3-1
3.1 .... 3-3
3.2 .... 3-5
3.3 .... 3-7
4 ............................................................... 4-1
4.1 .......................................................................... 4-3
4.2 ..................................................................... 4-8
4.3 ................................................................. 4-13
4.4 ...................................................................... 4-17
4.5 .......................................................................... 4-20
4.6 ........................................................... 4-24
5 .............................................. 5-1
5.1 FORMAT ............................................................. 5-3
5.2 VALUE ................................................................ 5-5
5.3 .............................................. 5-8
iii
iv
6 ................................................................................ 6-1
6.1 ..................................................................................................... 6-3
6.2 . 6-6
6.3 STOP POINT .. 6-15
6.4 .. 6-17
6.5 6-19
7 ................................................................. 7-1
7.1 ........................................................................................ 7-3
7.2 ....................................................................................... 7-6
8 SQL .......... 8-1

8.1 SQL ............................................................................ 8-3
8.2 SQL .................................................................... 8-6
8.3 ..................................... 8-11
8.4 .................................................................... 8-15
8.5 ....................................................... 8-17
9 ................................................... 9-1
9.1 ................................................................................ 9-3
9.2 ........................................................................ 9-5
9.3 ............................................................................... 9-8
9.4 .............................................................................................. 9-10
9.5 .................................................. 9-12
9.6 .................................................................. 9-20
9.7 .............................................. 9-23
10 .......................................................10-1
10.1 ......................................... 10-3
10.2
PROC UNIVARIATE ............................................................................... 10-12
10.3 MEANS ...................... 10-15
10.4
FREQ .................................................................................... 10-18
10.5 CORR .................................... 10-20
10.6 PROC REG
.................................................................................................... 10-22
10.7 ANOVA
........................................................................ 10-26
11 SAS ..............11-1
11.1 SAS ............................................................................ 11-3
11.2 ........................................................................ 11-7
11.3 INPUT ........................ 11-11
11.4 PUT ............................. 11-15
11.5 SAS .................... 11-19
11.6 .................................................... 11-36
vi
1 SAS/Base
1.1 ... 1-3

1.2 SAS .......................................................................................... 1-5
1.3 SAS .......... 1-12
1.4 SAS ... 1-15
1.5 SAS ... 1-17
1.6 1-19
1-2
1 SAS/Base
1.1
1-3
1.1.
BASE SAS, ,
:

,
.
,
, .. , .
, , ,
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SAS :
() .
- *.dat, *.txt, *.csv
, , .SAS;
, - .SAS7BDAT
SAS
(Oracle, Dbase, Exel )
SAS

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SAS
SAS
1-4
1 SAS/Base
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1.2 SAS
1.2. SAS
SAS :
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SAS . SAS
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SAS
SAS : (DATA
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SAS
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1-5
1-6
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1-9
1-10
1 SAS/Base
(DATA or PROC)
, RUN

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log-. LOG
.
SAS , LOG
.
SAS Log
1
2
3
data clinic.admit2;
set clinic.admit;
run;
NOTE: The data set CLINIC.ADMIT2 has 21

observations and 9 variables.
NOTE: The DATA statement used 1.03 seconds
4
5
proc print data=clinic.admit2;

run;
NOTE: The PROCEDURE PRINT used 0.2 seconds.
1.2 SAS

, :
SAS Clinic.Admit2.
LOG .

Clinic.Admit2:
Obs ID Name
Sex Age Date Height Weight ActLevel
Fee
1 2458 Murray, W
27
72
168 HIGH
85.20
2 2462 Almers, C
34
66
152 HIGH
124.80
3 2501 Bonaventure, T F
31
17
61
123 LOW
149.75
4 2523 Johnson, R
43
31
63
137 MOD
149.75
5 2539 LaMance, K
51
71
158 LOW
124.80
6 2544 Jones, M
29
76
193 HIGH
124.80
7 2552 Reberson, P
32
67
151 MOD
149.75
8 2555 King, E
35
13
70
173 MOD
149.75
9 2563 Pitts, D
34
22
73
154 LOW
124.80
10 2568 Eberhardt, S
49
27
64
172 LOW
124.80
11 2571 Nunnelly, A
44
19
66
140 HIGH
149.75
12 2572 Oberon, M
28
17
62
118 LOW
85.20
13 2574 Peterson, V
30
69
147 MOD
149.75
14 2575 Quigley, M
40
69
163 HIGH
124.80
15 2578 Cameron, L
47
72
173 MOD
124.80
16 2579 Underwood, K M
60
22
71
191 LOW
149.75
17 2584 Takahashi, Y
43
29
65
123 MOD
124.80
18 2586 Derber, B
25
23
75
188 HIGH
85.20
1-11
1-12
1 SAS/Base
1.3. SAS
SAS
SAS . SAS
SAS, .
.
SAS
SAS. , WORK,
.
.
, (OS/2, DOS, Windows, UNIX) SAS
, ,
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...
SAS ...
Windows, UNIX,
OpenVMS, OS/2
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SAS-, .

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CMS
SAS-, .
OS/390 (MVS)
host,
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1.3 SAS

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SAS
SAS.
WORK,
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SAS

SAS.

(
Work),
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:
SAS,

Work.
SAS

SAS.
, Clinic
, ,

..
1-13
1-14
1 SAS/Base
.
SAS
:
libref.filename
,
, .
. ,
, , WORK.
.
, , Clinic.Admit ,
Admit , Clinic.
1.4 SAS
1.4. SAS
SAS
SAS-,
, Work
. , Work.Test
SAS- Test, Work
SAS
SAS-
, (
). ,
, , - Work. ,
Test SAS-
Test, Work
SAS
SAS-,
1-15
1-16
1 SAS/Base
SAS
,
. :
32 ;

;

, ,
(%$!*&#@);

.

, .
MyBirthday, MYBIRTHDAY, mYBIrthdAy.
SAS . ,
,
.
SAS:
Payroll
LABDATA1995_1997
_EstimatedTaxPayments3
1.5 SAS
1.5. SAS
SAS
, SAS . SAS
. SAS (, ),

.
SAS
SAS , SAS, .

(Data Portion)
(Description Portion).
, , ,
.. ,
,
, . SAS
,
-,
.
SAS
SAS
General Data Set Information
*Data Set Name*Data Set Label

*Date/Time Created*Storage Information
*Number of Observations
*Number of Variables
Information for Each Variable
*Name*Informat*Length*Label
*Type*Format*Position
IDNUM
NAME
1351
Farr, Sue
161
212
Moore, Ron
2512
Ruth, G H
2532
Hobbs, Roy
...
...
...
5151
Coxe, Susan
WAGECAT
WAGERATE
S
S
S
S
H
3392.50
5093.75
.
1572.50
13.48
3163.00
23
1-17
1-18
1 SAS/Base

SAS ,
SAS . , ,
Clinic.Insure,
. (
.)
Data Set Name:

Member Type:
Engine:
Created:
Observations:
Variables:
Indexes:
Observation Length:
CLINIC.INSURE
DATA
V8
10:05 Tuesday, March 30, 1999
21
7
0
64

SAS ,
-,
.
, Jones, - 158.3
48 - .
Name
Jones
Laverne
Jaffe
Wilson
Sex
M
M
F
M
Age
48
58
.
28
Weight
128.6
158.3
115.5
170.1
1.6
1.6.
()
( ) ,
. Jones, M, 48, 128.6
.
Name
Jones
Laverne
Jaffe
Wilson
Sex
M
M
F
M
Age
48
58
.
28
Weight
128.6
158.3
115.5
170.1
,
. SAS
.
()
( )
- .
Jones, Laverne, Jaffe, Wilson
Name.
Name
Jones
Laverne
Jaffe
Wilson
Sex
M
M
F
M
Age
48
58
.
28
Weight
128.6
158.3
115.5
170.1
Name, Sex, Age, Weight. SAS

.
1-19
1-20
1 SAS/Base

,

.
SAS
(missing) : ,

Name
Jones
Laverne
Jaffe
Wilson
Sex
M
M
F
M
Age
48
58
.
28
Weight
128.6
158.3
115.5
170.1

. ,
.
(name), (type), (length),
(informat) (format) ,
(label).
Name
-----Policy
Total
Name
Type Length Format

Informat
---- ------ --------- -------Num
8
Num
8
Char
20
DOLLAR8.2 COMMA10.
Label
------------Policy Number
Total Balance
Patient Name
1.6
1-21

,
SAS .
1 32767 .
8 .
Name
-----Policy
Total
Name
Type Length Format

Informat
---- ------ --------- -------Num
8
Num
8
Char
20
DOLLAR8.2 COMMA10.
Label
Total Balance
Patient Name
, Name,
.
, Age, .
Name
Laverne
Jaffe
Wilson
Sex
M
M
F
M
Age
48
58
.
28
Weight
128.6
158.3
115.5
170.1

. ,
8 ,
1 1960:
1-22
1 SAS/Base
SAS
SA S / 1
1960 .
1jan1959
1jan1960
1jan1961
1jan2000
D A TE9.Inform at

-365
01/
01/
19 5
366
14610
M M D D YY 10.Form at
01/
01/
01/
01/
196
196
0
1
01/
01/
200
(
) .
32K
. Name 20 .
8 .
( )

( ).
Name
-----Policy
Total
Name
Type Length Format

Informat
---- ------ --------- -------Num
8
Num
8
Char
20
DOLLAR8.2 COMMA10.
Label
Total Balance
Patient Name
2 SAS
2.1 .... 2-3

2.2 SAS .. 2-5
2.3 SAS ....... 2-9
2-2
2 SAS
2.1
2-3
2.1.
SAS
.
SAS Windows
. : (Program Editor),
(Log) (Output).
. .
, , /
.
. ,
.
, ,
.
. ,
.
2-4
2 SAS
SAS
SAS: Explorer, Program Editor, Log, Output Results.
Windows Program Editor Enhanced
Editor ( - Editor.)
2.2 SAS
2.2. SAS
SAS ,
. , , :
,

.
2-5
2-6
2 SAS
2.2 SAS
2-7
SAS Windows ,
.
.
:
-
Toolbar
Submit
2-8
2 SAS
( - F3).

Keys .

.
, .
2.3 SAS
2.3. SAS
(Explorer)
SAS ,
..
:
SAS
SAS
,
Explorer (
).
2-9
2-12
2 SAS
(Program Editor)
, ,
.
.
View Program Editor.
SAS , drag and

drop,
. : File
Open.
(Enhanced Editor)
Windows,
. ,
, .
.
View Enhanced Editor.
2.3 SAS

(Alt or Shift plus keystroke)
(undo)
Log
Log
. Log ,
View Log.
2-11
2-12
2 SAS
Output
(.. )
HTML.
Output
, Output Log.
Output,
.
Output , View
Output.
SAS Output.
Log.
2.3 SAS
Results
Results
, SAS .
, ,
.
, Results Explorer
, , .
Results () HTML ..
Results , View
SAS
(, pgm, output, log, explorer) .
SAS
, .
Results.
2-13
2-14
2 SAS
3 SAS
3.1 .... 3-3

3.2 .... 3-5
3.3 .... 3-7
3-2
3 SAS
3.1
3-3
3.1.
SAS
SAS .
() :
SAS ( )

LIBNAME.
.
LIBNAME:
LIBNAME libref 'SAS-data-library';
libref 1 8 (
SAS).
SAS-data-library
(
Windows, OS/2 ).
: LIBNAME
Clinic D:\Users\Qtr\Reports.
libname clinic 'd:\users\qtr\reports';
Windows
c:\fitness\data
UNIX
/users/april/fitness/sasdata
OpenVMS
dua0:[april.fitness]
CMS
OS/390
april.fitness.sasdata
3-4
3 SAS

LIBNAME Log ,
.
3.2
3.2.

.

SAS
Admit, ,
Clinic.
, PRINT Clinic.Admit,
:
proc print data=clinic.admit;
run;

LIBNAME SAS ,
.
(engine)

, .
3-5
3-6
3 SAS

SAS
, LIBNAME
.
LIBNAME libref engine 'SAS-data-library';
libref 1 8 (
SAS).
engine .
SAS-data-library
(
Windows, OS/2 ).
, LIBNAME, ,
Rptdata SPSS
G:\Myspss.dat Windows.
libname rptdata spss 'g:\myspss.dat';
SAS/ACCESS
SAS/ACCESS,
, .

SAS/ACCESS
.
PC
ORACLE
ADABAS
Excel (.xls)
SYBASE
IMS/DL-I
Lotus (.wkn)
Informix
CA-IDMS
DBF
DB2 for OS/390
SYSTEM 2000
DIF
3.2
3.3.

SAS.
, SAS,
Explorer. (, , ,
) Active Libraries.

(double-click) (
Libraries Open). View Details
.
3-7
3-8
3 SAS

, (,
Open). VIEWTABLE.
3.2

CONTENTS, ( ),
.
CONTENTS:
PROC CONTENTS DATA=libref._ALL_ NODS;
RUN;
libref .
_ALL_
. ( (.) _ALL_
)
NODS
.
3-9
3-10
3 SAS
Mylib
:
proc contents data=mylib._all_ nods;
run;
, , ,
Mylib.
-----Directory----Libref:
CLINIC
Engine:
V8
Physical Name: C:\WINNT\Profiles\Personal\My SAS Files\V8

File Name:
C:\WINNT\Profiles\Personal\My SAS Files\V8
# Name
Memtype File Size Last Modified
1 ADMIT
DATA
9216 23JUN2000:16:30:38
2 ADMITJUNE DATA
9216 23JUN2000:16:30:38
3 COMPANY DATA
5120 23JUN2000:16:30:38
4 CREDIT
DATA
5120 23JUN2000:16:30:38
5 CUSTDET1 DATA
33792 04MAY2000:13:45:49
6 DIABETES
DATA
7 DMDATA
CATALOG
9216 23JUN2000:16:30:38
21504 04MAY2000:13:59:19
4.1 .......................................................................... 4-3

4.2 ..................................................................... 4-8
4.3 ................................................................. 4-13
4.4 ...................................................................... 4-17
4.5 .......................................................................... 4-20
4.6 ........................................................... 4-24
4-2
4.1
4-3
4.1.
.
- ,

, . ,
, ,
SAS. .
:
SAS
SAS
SAS
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SAS . SAS
:
Base SAS (
), (Viewtable window).
.
()
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(SAS/FSP
Full Screen Product)

. SAS/FSP
.
SAS .
. SAS
:
(DATA Step)
.
IMPORT
(Import Wizard)
, .
4-4
SAS . ,
,
.
SAS:
(Dynamic Data Exchange DDE),

,
Windows,
Windows
IMPORT
(Import Wizard) ,
Excel, Lotus, dBase, Microsoft Access,
SAS
SAS/ACCESS for PC File Formats.
DDE /
SAS/ACCESS, ,
IMPORT Wizard .
(CSV-), .
( ).
SAS
SAS .
, ,
, ( ) .
SAS/ACCESS .

.
,
. SPSS, OSIRIS
.
.
-
SAS, , SAS
. SAS ,
, .
, .
4.1
4-5
. ,
. ,
, / .
SAS DATALINES.
, DATALINES
. DATALINES
.
. DATALINES
, . DATALINES
CARDS. DATALINES CARDS
. DATALINES
. ( INPUT,
.
)
, . ,
, .
INFILE.
( DATA) INPUT. INFILE
, .
:
Windows, NT, OS/2:
UNIX:
OS/390:
INFILE C:\MyDIR\List.dat;
INFILE /home/mydir/List.dat;
INFILE MYID.LIST.DAT;
4-6
, Mydir
List.dat:
30 185 78
41 194 103
90 60 90
:
, . ,
, (free formatted input).
. .
-
, .

8 (
LENGTH).
,
, . , -
,
(.).
:
30 185 78
41 194 103
90 60 90
25 . 56.5
. 172
87.7
. . 67
4.2
4-7
- Name$, age, growth, weight.

Name$ - , .
, . ,
weight .
, SAS ,
INPUT. , ,
(Example_1.sas).

. ,
, .
,
. ,
, , .
.
4-8
4.2.
:
;
;
;
( ) .
INPUT :
INPUT variable $ startcol-endcol ;
INPUT ,
, ,
($)
.
, .
, ,
1
2
1--- 5 ---- 0---5----- 0-- - -5
Pentium II
Pentium III
2338 32
45019.2128
1 15, 16 18
, 19 22 -
, 23 25 .
INPUT :
INPUT Name_Comp $ 1-15
Tact 16-18
Hard 19-22
OZU 23-25;
4.2
4-9
, ,
:
. ?
, 1000000, 1,000,000.

.
,
, .
.
, : , SAS
1 1960 .
.
20-11-2000 20.11.2000 20NOV2000.

.
,
:
$NameFormatW.
NameFormatW.D
NameFormatW.
$ , NameFormat
, W , , D
( ).
: $W.
W.D .
(.) ,
.
4-10
INPUT :
INPUT Name_Comp $15. Tact 3. Hard 4. OZU 3. Data_ Purchase DDMMYY10. ;

. Tact
( - 3.) 16 ( Name_Comp
$15.) . ,
Data_ Purchase, 10 26 (15+3+4+6
) 10 , ..
SAS .
.
.
Attempt.dat , , (yes/no), :
11-03-75 n
29-02-76 y
31-05-78 n
25-11-75 n
3 8.93 9.08 9.17

2 10.4510.8011.90
3 8.97 9.2510.10
2 7.56 8.55 8.90
SAS JUMP .
INPUT.
DATA Jump;
INFILE C:\My_Data\Attempt.dat;
INPUT Familia $10. Name $8. Date DDMMYY8. +1 Test $1. +1 Wind 1.
+1 (Att_1 Att_2 Att_3) (5.2);
RUN;
Familia Name $10. $8. ,
, 10 8 . 8 ,
SAS DDMMYY8.,
(25-11-75 25/11/75). +1 - ,
. Test .
Wind.
,
.

. , ,
. ,
.
.
4.2
4-11
:
:

11-03-75 n 1,005,075
29-02-76 yes 28,456,100
31-05-78 no
2,213,656
25-11-75 no
1,532,934
:
, 17- ,
33-
, .
:
DATA Test_Doping;
INFILE C:\My_Data\Attempt.dat;
INPUT Familia $ Name $ @17 Date DDMMYY8. +1 Test $
@33 Value COMMA10. ;
RUN;
,
. PRINT (
)
PROC PRINT Data=Test_Doping;
RUN;
4-12
, SAS .
.
.. ,
.
FORMAT, :
FORMAT Date DDMMYY10.;
.
.
, , SAS
.
SAS .
SAS ,
. ,
.
Value ,
( @33 Value COMMA10. , .. @33),
( ):

11-03-75 n * 1,005,075
29-02-76 yes * 28,456,100
31-05-78 no * 2,213,656
25-11-75 no * 1,532,934
, ,
.
4.3
4.3.
,
, .
PRINT.
PROC PRINT :
PROC PRINT <DATA=SAS-data-set>;
RUN;
SAS-data-set ,
, , ,
Output Therapy
Patients.
libname patients 'c:\records\patients';
proc print data=patients.therapy;
run;
. ,

.
Obs
Date
AerClass WalkJogRun Swim
1 JAN1999
56
78
14
2 FEB1999
32
109
19
3 MAR1999
35
106
22
4 APR1999
47
115
24
5 MAY1999
55
121
31
6 JUN1999
61
114
67
7 JUL1999
67
102
72
8 AUG1999
64
76
77
9 SEP1999
78
77
54
10 OCT1999
81
62
47
11 NOV1999
84
31
52
4-13
4-14
, PROC PRINT ,
.
VAR.
VAR:
VAR variable(s);
variable(s) , .
, VAR Age,
Height, Weight, Fee :
var age height weight fee;
run;
Obs Age Height Weight
Fee
27
72
168
34
66
152 124.80
31
61
123 149.75
43
63
137 149.75
51
71
158 124.80
29
76
193 124.80
25
67
151 149.75
27
70
173 149.75
34
73
154 124.80
10
49
64
172 124.80
11
44
66
140 149.75
85.20

- Obs. ,
4.3
OBS
Obs PROC PRINT
NOOBS.
proc print data=work.example noobs;
run;
Age Height Weight Fee

27
72
168
85.20
34
66
152 124.80
31
61
123 149.75
43
63
137 149.75
51
71
158 124.80
, PROC PRINT
. ,
WHERE PROC PRINT .
WHERE:
WHERE where-expression;
where-expression . Where-expression
SAS .
, WHERE
Age 30:
where age>30;
run;
4-15
4-16
Fee
34
66
152 124.80
31
61
123 149.75
43
63
137 149.75
51
71
158 124.80
34
73
154 124.80
10
49
64
172 124.80
11
44
66
140 149.75
WHERE
WHERE ,
, VAR.
WHERE
:
= eq
where name='Jones, C.';
^= ne
where temp ne 212;
> gt
where income>20000;
< lt
where partno lt "BG05";
>= ge
where id>='1543';
<= le
where pulse le 85;
WHERE
where age<=55 and pulse>75;

where area='A' or region='S';
where ID>1050 and state='NC';
where actlevel='LOW' or actlevel='MOD';

where fee=124.80 or fee=178.20;
where actlevel in ('LOW','MOD');

where fee in (124.80,178.20);
where (age<=55 and pulse>75) or area='A';
where age<=55 and (pulse>75 or area='A');
4.4
4.4.
, PROC PRINT ,
.
PROC SORT. SORT
SAS
SAS ,

()
.
PROC SORT:
PROC SORT DATA=SAS-data-set <OUT=SASdata-set>;
BY <DESCENDING> BY-variable(s);
RUN;
DATA=
OUT= ,
BY-variable(s) BY

DESCENDING BY

OUT= ,
(
).
4-17
4-18
Wgtadmit
Clinic.Admit Weight.
PROC PRINT Wgtadmit
.
proc sort data=clinic.admit out=work.wgtadmit;
by weight;
run;
proc print data=work.wgtadmit;
where age>30;
run;
Fee
31
61
123 149.75
43
65
123 124.80
43
63
137 149.75
44
66
140 149.75
41
67
141 149.75
32
67
151 149.75
10
34
66
152 124.80
11
34
73
154 124.80
4.4
DESCENDING .
proc sort data=clinic.admit out=work.wgtadmit;
by descending weight;
run;
proc print data=work.wgtadmit;
where age>30;
run;
Fee
60
71
191 149.75
54
71
183 149.75
35
70
173 149.75
47
72
173 124.80
49
64
172 124.80
40
69
163 124.80
10
51
71
158 124.80
11
34
73
154 124.80
4-19
4-20
4.5.

PRINT SUM.
SUM:
SUM variable(s);
variable(s) , .

VAR.
SUM PRINT
BalanceDue:
proc print data=clinic.insure;
var name policy balancedue;
where pctinsured < 100;
sum balancedue;
run;
Obs Name
2 Almers, C
Policy BalanceDue
95824
156.05
3 Bonaventure, T 87795
9.48
4 Johnson, R
39022
61.04
5 LaMance, K
63265
43.68
6 Jones, M
92478
52.42
7 Reberson, P
25530
207.41
8 King, E
18744
27.19
9 Pitts, D
60976
310.82
10 Eberhardt, S
81589
173.17
11 Peterson, V
75986
228.00
1269.26
4.5

.
SUM BY.
BY:
BY <DESCENDING> BY-variable-1
<...<DESCENDING> <BY-variable-n>> ;
BY-variable
.
DESCENDING ,

.
SUM PRINT
Fee
ActLevel .
proc sort data=clinic.admit out=work.activity;
by actlevel;
run;
proc print data=work.activity;
where age>30;
sum fee;
by actlevel;
run;
4-21
4-22
ActLevel=HIGH
Fee
34
66
152
124.80
44
66
140
149.75
40
69
163
124.80
41
67
141
149.75
ActLevel
549.10
ActLevel=LOW
Fee
31
61
123
149.75
51
71
158
124.80
10
34
73
154
124.80
11
49
64
172
124.80
13
60
71
191
149.75
ActLevel
673.90
ActLevel=MOD
Fee
15
43
63
137
149.75
16
32
67
151
149.75
17
35
70
173
149.75
19
47
72
173
124.80
20
43
65
123
124.80
21
54
71
183
149.75
ActLevel
848.60
2071.60
,
Obs, ,
:
4.5
ActLevel Age Height Weight

HIGH
34
66
152
124.80
44
66
140
149.75
40
69
163
124.80
HIGH
LOW
399.35
31
61
123
149.75
51
71
158
124.80
34
73
154
124.80
49
64
172
124.80
LOW
MOD
MOD
Fee
524.15
43
63
137
149.75
32
67
151
149.75
35
70
173
149.75
47
72
173
124.80
43
65
123
124.80
54
71
183
149.75
848.60
1772.10
ID
BY . ID

Obs
ID/BY
ID/BY
.
, :
by actlevel;
run;
where age>30;
sum fee;
by actlevel;
id actlevel;
run;
4-23
4-24
4.6.

, PRINT,
.
PAGEBY.
PAGEBY:
PAGEBY BY-variable;
BY-variable , BY.
PAGEBY
ActLevel,
.
by actlevel;
run;
where age>30;
sum fee;
by actlevel;
id actlevel;
pageby actlevel;
run;
4.6

HIGH
34
66
152
124.80
44
66
140
149.75
40
69
163
124.80
HIGH
399.35

LOW
61
123
149.75
51
71
158
124.80
34
73
154
124.80
49
64
172
124.80
524.15
MOD
Fee
31
LOW
MOD
Fee
Fee
43
63
137
149.75
32
67
151
149.75
35
70
173
149.75
47
72
173
124.80
43
65
123
124.80
54
71
183
149.75
848.60
1772.10
4-25
4-26

PROC PRINT ,

. :

LABEL
LABEL PRINT ,
,
.
LABEL:
LABEL variable1='label1'
variable2='label2'
... ;
256
.
WalkJogRun
Walk/Jog/Run.
LABEL PRINT.
proc print data=clinic.therapy label;
label walkjogrun='Walk/Jog/Run';
run;
Obs
Date
AerClass Walk/Jog/Run Swim
1 JAN1999
56
78
14
2 FEB1999
32
109
19
3 MAR1999
35
106
22
4 APR1999
47
115
24
5 MAY1999
55
121
31
6 JUN1999
61
114
67
7 JUL1999
67
102
72
8 AUG1999
64
76
77
9 SEP1999
78
77
54
10 OCT1999
81
62
47
11 NOV1999
84
31
52
4.6

LABEL
. . .
proc print data=clinic.admit label;
var age height;
label age='Age of Patient';
label height='Height in Inches';
run;
. . . LABEL
.
proc print data=clinic.admit label;
var actlevel height weight;
label actlevel='Activity Level'
height='Height in Inches'
weight='Weight in Pounds';
run;

,
.
FORMAT,
.
Format ,
.
FORMAT:
FORMAT variable(s) format-name;
variable(s) 6
format-name SAS
,
.
4-27
4-28

( ),
.
FORMAT ...
...
format date mmddyy6.;
MMDDYY6.
Date
format net comma5.0

gross comma8.2;
COMMA5.0
Net
COMMA8.2
Gross
format net gross dollar9.2; DOLLAR9.2

Net Gross
, FORMAT
Fee , :
var actlevel fee;
where actlevel='HIGH';
format fee dollar4.;
run;
Obs ActLevel Fee

1 HIGH
$85
2 HIGH
$125
6 HIGH
$125
11 HIGH
$150
14 HIGH
$125
18 HIGH
$85
20 HIGH
$150
4.6
SAS

.
COMMAw.d
...
comma8.2

dollar6.2
DOLLARw.d
mmddyy10.
MMDDYYw. 09/12/97
(MMDDYY8.) 09/12/1997
(MMDDYY10.)
7.

w.
8.2
d ,
w.d
w
$12.
w
$w.
date9.
16OCT99 (DATE7.)
DATEw.
16OCT1999 (DATE9.)
,
.
38245.3975
COMMA12.2
38,245.40
38245.3975
12.2
38245.40
38245.3975
DOLLAR12.2
$38,245.40
38245.3975
DOLLAR9.2
$38245.40
38245.3975
DOLLAR8.2
38245.40
MMDDYY8.
01/01/60
MMDDYY10.
DATE7.
01JAN60
DATE9.
01JAN1960
01/01/1960
4-29
4-30

, , TITLE.
, ,
FOOTNOTE.
- , TITLE FOOTNOTE ,
PRINT.
.
TITLE FOOTNOTE:
TITLE<n> 'text';
FOOTNOTE<n> 'text';
n 1 10, ,
, 'text' . title
footnote ,
LINESIZE= .
, title title1
( footnote footnote1).
,
The SAS System.
, .
:
1 3
.
title1 'Heart Rates for Patients with';
title3 'Increased Stress Tolerance Levels';
proc print data=clinic.stress;
var resthr maxhr rechr;
where tolerance='I';
run;
4.6
Heart Rates for Patients with

Increased Stress Tolerance Levels
OBS
2
3
8
11
14
15
20
RestHR
MaxHR
RecHR
68
78
70
65
74
75
78
171
177
167
181
152
158
189
133
139
122
141
113
108
138
- FOOTNOTE :
footnote1 'Data from Treadmill Tests';
footnote3 '1st Quarter Admissions';
proc print data=clinic.stress;
var resthr maxhr rechr;
where tolerance='I';
run;
Obs RestHR MaxHR RecHR

2
68
171
133
78
177
139
70
167
122
11
65
181
141
14
74
152
113
15
75
158
108
20
78
189
138
Data from Treadmill Tests

1st Quarter Admissions
4-31
5.1 FORMAT ............................................................. 5-3

5.2 VALUE ................................................................ 5-5
5.3 .............................................. 5-8
5-2
5.1 FORMAT
5.1. FORMAT
, .
,
JobTitle Perm.Empinfo PRINT.
Obs FirstName LastName JobTitle Salary

1 Donny
Evans
112 29996.63
2 Lisa
Helms
105 18567.23
3 John
Higgins
111 25309.00
4 Amy
Larson
113 32696.78
5 Mary
Moore
112 28945.89
6 Jason
Powell
103 35099.50
7 Judy
Riley
111 25309.00
8 Neal
Ryan
112 28180.00
,
JobTitle.
SAS .
.
Obs FirstName LastName JobTitle
Salary
1 Donny
Evans
technical writer
29996.63
2 Lisa
Helms
text processor
18567.23
3 John
Higgins
assoc. technical writer 25309.00
4 Amy
Larson
senior technical writer 32696.78
5 Mary
Moore
technical writer
28945.89
6 Jason
Powell
manager
35099.50
7 Judy
Riley
assoc. technical writer 25309.00
8 Neal
Ryan
technical writer
9 Henry
Wilson
senior technical writer 31875.46
Woods
text processor
10 Chip
28180.00
17098.71
FORMAT,
.
5-3
5-4
FORMAT:
PROC FORMAT <options>;
options
LIBRARY=libref - ,
,
FMTLIB ,
.

. ,
. LIBRARY= ,
Work.Formats.
Work,
SAS.

, ,
.
Formats.
libname library 'c:\sas\formats\lib';
proc format library=library;
... ;
run;
, , Library.Formats SAS
Library,
C:\Sas\Formats\Lib.
LIB=
LIBRARY=.
proc format lib=library;
,
:
proc format lib=library.catalog;
, , , .
5.2 VALUE
5.2. VALUE

.
VALUE.
VALUE :
VALUE format-name
range1='label1'
range2='label2'
... ;
format-name
($)
,
VALUE
. , VALUE
JOBFMT
JobTitle.
value jobfmt
103='manager'
105='text processor'
111='assoc. technical writer'
112='technical writer'
113='senior technical writer';
run;
5-5
5-6
VALUE
, 24 'S'
, 0-1500
, 'A'-'M'.
, ,
90,180,270 or 'B','D','F'.
,
,
($). ,
value $grade
'A'='Good'
'B'-'D'='Fair'
'F'='Poor'
'I','U'='See Instructor';
run;
,

:
value jobfmt
103='manager'
run;
5.2 VALUE
VALUE

(<) .
value agefmt
0-<12='child'
12-<20='teenager'
20-<65='adult'
65-100='senior citizen';
run;
LOW
HIGH .
OTHER:

value agefmt
low-<12='child'
12-<20='teenager'
20-<65='adult'
65-high='senior citizen'
other='unknown';
run;
VALUE
FORMAT.,
VALUE :
value jobfmt
103='manager'
value $respnse
'Y'='Yes'
'N'='No'
'U'='Undecided'
'NOP'='No opinion';
run;
5-7
5-8
5.3.

, .
Work. ,
FMTSEARCH= :
Options fmtsearch=(libref1 libref2 . librefn);
libref1- librefn ,

FORMAT,
.
.
data perm.empinfo;
infile empdata;
input @9 FirstName $5. @1 LastName $7. +7 JobTitle 3.
@19 Salary comma9.;
format salary comma9.2 jobtitle jobfmt.;
run;
.

:
, ,
SAS .

.
Salary
1 Donny
Evans
technical writer
29,996.63
2 Lisa
Helms
text processor
18,567.23
3 John
Higgins
assoc. technical writer 25,309.00
4 Amy
Larson
senior technical writer 32,696.78
5 Mary
Moore
technical writer
28,945.89
6 Jason
Powell
manager
35,099.50
7 Judy
Riley
assoc. technical writer 25,309.00
8 Neal
Ryan
technical writer
9 Henry
Wilson
senior technical writer 31,875.46
Woods
text processor
10 Chip
28,180.00
17,098.71
5.3
(
VALUE),
:
value jobfmt
103='manager'
105='text processor';
run;
Salary
Donny
Evans
112
29996.63
Lisa
Helms
text processor 18567.23
John
Higgins
111
25309.00
Amy
Larson
113
32696.78
Mary
Moore
112
28945.89
Jason
Powell
manager
35099.50
Judy
Riley
111
25309.00
,
, .

FMTLIB FORMAT:
libname library 'c:\sas\formats\lib';
proc format library=library fmtlib;
run;
Output
:
SAS Output
FORMAT NAME: JOBFMT LENGTH: 23 NUMBER OF VALUES: 5
MIN LENGTH: 1 MAX LENGTH: 40 DEFAULT LENGTH: 23 FUZZ: STD
START
END
LABEL
(VER. 8.00
103
105
111
112
113
103
105
111
112
113
manager
text processor
assoc. technical writer
technical writer
senior technical writer
24JUL99:14:50:28)
5-9
6.1 ..................................................................................................... 6-3

6.2 . 6-6
6.3 STOP POINT .. 6-15
6.4 .. 6-17
6.5 6-19
6-2
6.1
6.1.
SAS . ,
SAS .
, ,
(DATA step). ,

.

, , Lab23.Drug1H,
Research.CLTrials,
.
,
, CLTrials , , ,
Drug1H. ,
.
6-3
6-4
:
DATA SAS-data-set;
SET SAS-data-set;
RUN;
SAS-data-set DATA - (libref.filename)

SAS
SAS-data-set SET (libref.filename)
SAS .
, SAS
, ,
SET. DATA SAS
Drug1H, SAS,
Lab23. SET SAS
Research.CLTrials.
libname lab23 'c:\drug\allergy\labtests';
libname research 'c:\drug\allergy';
data lab23.drug1h;
set research.cltrials;
run;
, ,
.
, Log ,
, :
SAS Log
8
9
10
data lab23.drug1h;
set research.cltrials;
run;
NOTE: The data set LAB23.DRUG1H has 21

observations and 8 variables
,
Clinic.Stress2. , ,
. ,
.
, ,
.
6.1
...
...
if resthr<70 then delete;

if tolerance='D';
Drop timemin timesec;
TotalTime=(timemin*60)+timesec;
retain SumSec 5400;

sumsec+totaltime;
length TestLength $ 6;
if totaltime>800 then TestLength='Long';

else if 750<=totaltime<=800
then TestLength='Normal';
else if totaltime<=750
then TestLength='Short';
label sumsec='Cumulative Total Seconds';

format sumsec comma6.;
Research.CLTrials,
, .
data lab23.drug1h(drop=placebo uric);
set research.cltrials(drop=triglyc);
if sex='M' then delete;
if placebo='YES';
TestDate='22MAY1999'd;
retain Days 30;
days+1;
length Retest $ 5;
if cholesterol>190 then retest='YES';
else if 150<=cholesterol<=190 then retest='CHECK';
else if cholesterol<=150 then retest='NO';
label retest='Perform Cholesterol Test 2?';
format enddate mmddyy10.;
run;
6-5
6-6
6.2.
DROP= KEEP=
, DROP= KEEP=
SAS . , DROP= KEEP= ,
, , ,
. DROP= KEEP=
DATA SET, ,
:
,
, DROP=
SET.
, , DROP= SET
Triglycerides UricAcid.
Lab23.Drug1H.
data lab23.drug1h(drop=placebo);
set research.cltrials(drop=triglycerides uricacid);
if placebo='YES';
run;

(, IF),
DROP= DATA. ,
.
Placebo .
, Placebo , DROP=
DATA.
data lab23.drug1h(drop=placebo);
set research.cltrials(drop=triglycerides uricacid);
if placebo='YES';
run;
DATA, DROP=
.
,
.
6.2

Creating List Reports, BY PROC
SORT PROC PRINT
. BY
.
data temp;
set salary;
by dept;
run;
BY SET,
, SET,
,
.
BY
. FIRST.variable, variable
, LAST.variable.
1, 0. FIRST.variable LAST.variable
.
. . .
. . .
1

FIRST.variable
1

LAST.variable
FIRST.variable LAST.variable,
. Company.USA
6-7
6-8
. ,
. 2,000
- .
,
Dept.
SAS Company.USA
( )
Dept
ADM20
ADM30
CAM10
CAM10
CAM10
ADM30
WageCat
WageRate
S
S
S
S
H
S
3392.50
5093.75
1813.30
1572.50
13.48
2192.25

. , Dept FIRST. LAST.
proc sort data=company.usa out=work.temp;
by dept;
run;
data company.budget(keep=dept payroll);
set work.temp;
by dept;
if wagecat='S' then Yearly=wagerate*12;
else if wagecat='H' then Yearly=wagerate*2000;
if first.dept then Payroll=0;
payroll+yearly;
if last.dept;
run;
PDV (program data vector),

Company.Budget, .
FIRST.Dept LAST.Dept.
6.2
PDV
_N_
Dept
Payroll
FIRST.Dept
LAST.Dept
1
2
3
4
5
ADM10
ADM10
ADM10
ADM10
ADM10
70929.0
119479.2
173245.2
255516.0
293472.0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
6
7
8
9
10
ADM20
ADM20
ADM20
ADM20
ADM20
40710.0
68010.0
94980.0
136020.0
177330.0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
11
ADM30
61125.0
,
.
proc print data=company.budget noobs;
sum payroll;
format payroll dollar12.2;
run;
Dept
Payroll
ADM10
$293,472.00
ADM20
$177,330.00
ADM30
$173,388.00
CAM10
$130,709.60
CAM20
$156,731.20
$931,630.80
6-9
6-10

BY,
FIRST.variable 1

BY LAST.variable
1 BY .
,
. BY
, Manager JobType.
proc sort data=company.usa out=work.temp2;
by manager jobtype;
data company.budget2(keep=manager jobtype payroll);
set work.temp2;
by manager jobtype;
if wagecat='S' then Yearly=wagerate*12;
else if wagecat='H' then Yearly=wagerate*2000;
if first.jobtype then Payroll=0;
payroll+yearly;
if last.jobtype;
run;
PDV , . ,
FIRST.JobType LAST.JobType
FIRST.Manager LAST.Manager.
PDV
_N_ Manager JobType Payroll FIRST. LAST.
FIRST. LAST.
Manager Manager JobType JobType
1
2
3
4
5
Coxe
Coxe
Coxe
Coxe
Coxe
3
50
50
240
240
40710.0
41040.0
82350.0
27300.0
54270.0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
6
7
8
9
10
Delgado
Delgado
Delgado
Delgado
Delgado
240
240
420
420
440
35520.0
63120.0
18870.0
45830.0
21759.6
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
11
12
13
14
15
Overby
Overby
Overby
Overby
Overby
1
5
10
20
20
82270.8
48550.2
53766.0
70929.0
108885.0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
6.2

.
(Coxe Delgado).
proc print data=company.budget2 noobs;;
by manager;
var jobtype;
sum payroll;
where manager in ('Coxe','Delgado');
format payroll dollar12.2;
run;
Manager=Coxe
JobType
Payroll
$40,710.00
50
$123,390.00
240
$81,570.00
Manager $245,670.00
Manager=Delgado
JobType
Payroll
240
$98,640.00
420
$64,700.00
440
$21,759.00
Manager $185,099.00
6-11
6-12
, , ,
,
. ,
,
.
, ,
,
END= SET.
END=:
END=variable
variable ,
. , 0,
1, SET
.
.
Note:
END= POINT=. POINT=

, ,
.
,
. ,
,
TotalTime.
data work.addtoend(drop=timemin timesec);
set clinic.stress2(keep=timemin timesec);
TotalMin+timemin;
TotalSec+timesec;
TotalTime=totalmin*60+timesec;
run;
proc print data=work.addtoend noobs;
run;
6.2
TotalMin TotalSec TotalTime

12
38
758
22
43
1325
33
56
1993
42
98
2562
53
144
3226
65
170
3926
80
211
4841
93
224
5593
103
246
6202
119
295
7189
134
297
8042
146
308
8771
160
317
9609
171
343
10286
185
370
11127
198
389
11899
214
396
12847
231
431
13895
246
472
14801
260
529
15657
272
539
16330
, (
) ?
END= last .
END= SET last ,
( , IF).
data work.addtoend(drop=timemin timesec);
set clinic.stress2(keep=timemin timesec) end=last;
TotalMin+timemin;
TotalSec+timesec;
TotalTime=totalmin*60+timesec;
if last;
run;
proc print data=work.addtoend noobs;
run;
:
TotalMin TotalSec TotalTime
272
539
16330
6-13
6-14

. , ,
. ,
,
SAS ,
.
POINT= SET ,
.
POINT=:
POINT=variable;
variable
,
,
SET.
, .
, 5,
ObsNum. POINT= ObsNum ,
Company.USA.
data work.getobs5(drop=obsnum);
obsnum=5;
set company.usa(keep=manager payroll) point=obsnum;
run;
, ,
.
6.3 STOP POINT
6.3. STOP POINT

,
, .
, - , POINT=
, SAS ,
, . ,
.
obsnum=5;
run;
POINT=
- ,
,
:
STOP .
STOP SAS

.
,
POINT= variable. SAS
POINT= variable, _ERROR_
1.
, .
STOP:
STOP;
6-15
6-16
, STOP,
.
obsnum=5;
stop;
run;
- !
,
. ,
, STOP
.
, ,
.
6.4
6.4.

, -, ,
, OUTPUT
. OUTPUT
,
, OUTPUT.
OUTPUT:
OUTPUT <SAS-data-set(s)>;
SAS-data-set(s) ,
. , OUTPUT,
DATA.
OUTPUT
,
, DATA.
OUTPUT
5.
Data work.getobs5(drop=obsnum);
obsnum=5;
output;
stop;
run;
proc print data=work.getobs5 noobs;
run;
Manager Payroll
Delgado
45830
6-17
6-18

, ,
, . , POINT=
. , POINT=
,
.
POINT=
DO Loop.

, ..
. SAS
. ,
SET , SAS
.

SET. ,
Finance.Loans, Interest
Finance.DueJan.
data finance.duejan;
set finance.loans;
Interest=amount*(rate/12);
run;
SAS Finance.Loans
Account
Amount
Rate
Months
Payment
101-1092
101-1731
101-1289
101-3144
22000
114000
10000
3500
0.1000
0.0950
0.1050
0.1050
60
360
36
12
467.43
958.57
325.02
308.52
6.5
6.5.

1. (PDV),
_N_ _ERROR_.
2. SAS
.
3. SET , PDV
.
, , , ,
.
4. , ,
PDV. ,
.
5. , ,
SAS . , ..
.
, .
6-19
6-20

1.
. ,
, .. Finance.Loans
.
2. , _N_ 1.
, _ERROR_ 0.
.
,
.
6.5
3. SET
PDV.
4. ,
Interest.
6-21
6-22
()
5. , PDV
.
6. .
6.5
7. SAS , SAS
SET,
. ,
, Interest, .
NOTE:
SAS e, .
, SAS
,
:
, RETAIN
,
, _TEMPORARY_
,
FILE INFILE
.
6-23
6-24
()
8. , _N_ 2,
_ERROR_ 0. ,
_N_ ,
.
6.5
9. SET,
PDV.
10.
Interest .
6-25
6-26

. ,
IF-THEN/ELSE DO
DO loops ,

SAS .
SAS ,
, , ,
, .
7.1 ........................................................................................ 7-3

7.2 ....................................................................................... 7-6
7-2
7.1
7.1.
.

SAS
.
Log-
.

.. (Input Buffer)
.
( SAS
).
(Program Data Vector)

(program data
vector). , SAS
.
7-3
7-4

, ,
.
_N_
_ERROR_
( ). 0,
, 1
.
,
.
,
.
Item
( 13 ), IDnum ( 5 ) InStock, BackOrd Total
( 8 ).
data perm.update;
infile invent;
input Item $ 1-13 IDnum $ 15-19
InStock 21-22 BackOrd 24-25;
Total=instock+backord;
run;
(
RUN) (descriptor portion).

( ,
..)
7.1
7-5
Data Set Name:

Member Type:
Engine:
Created:
Last Modified:
Protection:
Data Set Type:
Label:
PERM.UPDATE
DATA
V8
14:38 Thursday, July 27, 2000
14:38 Thursday, July 27, 2000
Observations:
Variables:
Indexes:
Observation Length:
Deleted Observations:
Compressed:
Sorted:
-----Engine/Host Dependent Information----Data Set Page Size:

Number of Data Set Pages:
First Data Page:
Max Obs per Page:
Obs in First Data Page:
Number of Data Set Repairs:
File Name:
Release Created:
Host Created:
4096
1
1
84
9
0
C:\WINNT\My SAS Files\V8\update.sas7bdat
8.0202M0
WIN_NT
-----Alphabetic List of Variables and Attributes----#

Variable
Type
Len
Pos
----------------------------------4
BackOrd
Num
8
8
2
IDnum
Char
5
37
3
InStock
Num
8
0
1
Item
Char
13
24
5
Total
Num
8
16
9
5
0
48
0
NO
NO
7-6
7.2.
, .
(data portion).
,
.
.
7.2
Invent
9 , .
Invent
>----+----10---+----20---+Bird Feeder
LG088 3 20
6 Glass Mugs SB082 6 12
Glass Tray
BQ049 12 6
Padded Hangrs MN256 15 20
Jewelry Box
AJ498 23 0
Red Apron
AQ072 9 12
Crystal Vase AQ672 27 0
Picnic Basket LS930 21 0
Brass Clock
AN910 2 10
data perm.update;
infile invent;
run;

_N_ 1,
_ERROR_ 0. ,
(missing) (
, ).
data perm.update;
infile invent;
run;
7-7
7-8

(INFILE)
.
INPUT. INPUT
(input pointer)

. , 1,
1 13
Item.
data perm.update;
infile invent;
run;
Raw Data File Invent

>V---+----10---+----20---+Bird Feeder
LG088 3 20
Glass Tray
BQ049 12 6
Jewelry Box
AJ498 23 0
Red Apron
AQ072 9 12
Brass Clock
AN910 2 10
, ,
Total .
data perm.update;
infile invent;
run;
7.2
Raw Data File Invent

>----+----10---+----20---+V
Bird Feeder
LG088 3 20
Glass Tray
BQ049 12 6
Jewelry Box
AJ498 23 0
Red Apron
AQ072 9 12
Brass Clock
AN910 2 10
(
)

,
.
_N_ _ERROR_ .
,
.
7-9
8
SQL
8.1 SQL ............................................................................ 8-3

8.2 SQL .................................................................... 8-6
8.3 ..................................... 8-11
8.4 .................................................................... 8-15
8.5 ....................................................... 8-17
8-2
8 SQL
8.1 SQL
8.1. SQL
PROC SQL SAS
(SQL), , ,
, ,
.
, ,
, SAS SQL.
SAS
SQL
SAS
PROC SQL ,
SAS

,

.
PROC SQL
, .
, PROC SQL
. ,
. ,
SAS .
8-3
8-4
8 PROC SQL
PROC SQL
PROC SQL SAS
:
PROC, PROC SQL
. ,
. PROC SQL. ,
SELECT (, FROM, WHERE
ORDER BY).
proc sql;
select id,lastname,netpay,grosspay,
grosspay*.06 as bonus
from emplib.payroll
where netpay>25000
order by lastname;
PROC SQL RUN.

PROC SQL .
PROC SQL RUN,
SAS RUN,
SAS log, .
PROC SQL,
Program Editor PROC SQL
running. ,
SQL ,
.
8.1 SQL

, QUIT ( ).
quit;
8-5
8-6
8 PROC SQL
8.2. SQL
, , , ,
, . , PROC SQL,
.
PROC SQL:
PROC SQL;
SELECT column-1<, . . . column-n,>
FROM table-1 | view-1<, . . . table-n | view-n>
<WHERE expression>
<ORDER BY column-1<, . . . column-n,>>;
PROC SQL SQL

SELECT
FROM
WHERE ,
ORDER BY .
,
SQL SELECT .
8.2 SQL
SELECT
SELECT .
,
. SELECT ,
, : SELECT, FROM, WHERE
ORDER BY. .
proc sql;
|-select id,lastname,netpay,grosspay,
|
|----from emplib.payroll
|----where netpay>25000
|----order by lastname;
^
, :
proc sql;
from emplib.payroll
where netpay>25000
order by lastname;
ID
LastName
NetPay GrossPay bonus
1002 BOWMAN
$29,048.50
$42,120.33
2527.22
1007 BROWN
$37,049.40
$53,927.72 3235.663
1049 FERNANDEZ
$25,169.63
$35,956.61 2157.397
1006 GARRETT
$34,013.88
$47,241.50
1077 GIBSON
$41,553.94
$61,108.73 3666.524
1008 HERNAND
$54,189.70
$78,575.07 4714.504
1009 JONES
$44,128.90
$63,986.91 3839.215
1005 KNAPP
$33,122.70
$48,027.99 2881.679
1012 QUINTERO
$51,888.53
$79,828.51 4789.711
1015 SCHOLL
$27,640.80
$40,079.23 2404.754
1010 SMITH
$37,331.48
$54,899.24 3293.954
1011 VAN HOTTEN
$29,053.05
$43,688.80 2621.328
1017 WAGGONNER $26,484.02
$38,550.25 2313.015
1001 WATERHOUSE $32,140.60
$46,603.94 2796.236
2834.49
8-7
8-8
8 PROC SQL

PROC SQL, SELECT ,
, .
SELECT ,
. SELECT, , ID,
LastName, NetPay, GrossPay bonus.
proc sql;
from emplib.payroll
where netpay>25000
order by lastname;

bonus ,
GrossPay 0.6.
AS, .
proc sql;
from emplib.payroll
where netpay>25000
order by lastname;
, bonus , ,
SELECT.
ID
LastName
NetPay GrossPay
bonus
1002
BOWMAN
$29,048.50
$42,120.33
2527.22
1007
BROWN
$37,049.40
$53,927.72
3235.663
1049
FERNANDEZ $25,169.63
$35,956.61
2157.397
1006
GARRETT
$34,013.88
$47,241.50
2834.49
1077
GIBSON
$41,553.94
$61,108.73
3666.524
1008
HERNAND
$54,189.70
$78,575.07
4714.504
1009
JONES
$44,128.90
$63,986.91
3839.215
1005
KNAPP
$33,122.70
$48,027.99
2881.679
1012
QUINTERO
$51,888.53
$79,828.51
4789.711
8.2 SQL

SELECT, FROM
, .
FROM, SAS .
proc sql;
from emplib.payroll
where netpay>25000
order by lastname;
PROC SQL, , SAS Payroll,

SAS , libref
(Emplib).

, ,
WHERE SELECT. WHERE
WHERE, WHERE
SAS .
proc sql;
from emplib.payroll
where netpay>25000
order by lastname;
WHERE , NetPay
, 25,000.
ID
LastName
NetPay GrossPay
bonus
1002
BOWMAN
$29,048.50
$42,120.33
2527.22
1007
BROWN
$37,049.40
$53,927.72
3235.663
1049
FERNANDEZ $25,169.63
$35,956.61
2157.397
1006
GARRETT
$34,013.88
$47,241.50
2834.49
1077
GIBSON
$41,553.94
$61,108.73
3666.524
1008
HERNAND
$54,189.70
$78,575.07
4714.504
1009
JONES
$44,128.90
$63,986.91
3839.215
1005
KNAPP
$33,122.70
$48,027.99
2881.679
1012
QUINTERO
$51,888.53
$79,828.51
4789.711
8-9
8-10
8 PROC SQL

.
ORDER BY SELECT,
.
ORDER BY PROC SQL
, Sex Age.
proc sql;
select actlevel,sex,age,
height*2.54 as CentHgt,
weight/2.2 as KgWgt
from clinic.admit
where actlevel='LOW'
order by sex,age;
ActLevel Sex Age CentHgt KgWgt

LOW
22
160.02 63.18182
LOW
28
157.48 53.63636
LOW
31
154.94 55.90909
LOW
49
162.56 78.18182
LOW
34
185.42
LOW
51
180.34 71.81818
LOW
60
180.34 86.81818
70
8.3
8.3.
, PROC SQL, .
, ,
. SQL, .
, ,
, , .
.
, , ,
. ,
, ,
, .
.
,
. (
,
.)
, , PROC SQL
. ,
PROC SQL , .
Payroll BldgInfo, SAS ,
libref Emplib.
proc sql;
select bldginfo.id,lastname,building,room,extension
from emplib.payroll,emplib.bldginfo
where bldginfo.id=payroll.id
order by lastname;
8-11
8-12
8 PROC SQL
,
,
SELECT, , ,
.
SELECT, , SELECT
BldgInfo ID. ID
. ,
.
proc sql;
order by lastname;
ID EmpLib.BldgInfo. ,
, .
.

,
FROM , .
proc sql;
order by lastname;
, SELECT, FROM
.
8.3

, WHERE SELECT
.
,
WHERE, .
, WHERE ,
ID. ( WHERE
, SELECT.)
proc sql;
order by lastname;
ID
LastName
Building Room Extension
1002 BOWMAN
34
2782
1007 BROWN
48
0342
1049 FERNANDEZ
22
1347
1006 GARRETT
16
2209
1077 GIBSON
17
1697
1008 HERNAND
19
6391
1009 JONES
24
3857
1005 KNAPP
98
5917
1004 KNIGHT
13
6718
1074 MILLSAP
56
1543
1012 QUINTERO
30
7518
1003 SALAZAR
65
2771
1083 SAVAGE
22
7357
1015 SCHOLL
49
3756
1010 SMITH
37
2134
1011 VAN HOTTEN
51
2649
1017 WAGGONNER C
26
2719
1001 WATERHOUSE A
57
2345
, ,
.
8-13
8-14
8 PROC SQL

ORDER BY SELECT
.
proc sql;
order by lastname;
,
LastName.
ID
LastName
Building Room Extension
1002
BOWMAN
34
2782
1007
BROWN
48
0342
1049
FERNANDEZ
22
1347
1006
GARRETT
16
2209
1077
GIBSON
17
1697
1008
HERNAND
19
6391
1009
JONES
24
3857
1005
KNAPP
98
5917
1004
KNIGHT
13
6718
1074
MILLSAP
56
1543
1012
QUINTERO
30
7518
1003
SALAZAR
65
2771
1083
SAVAGE
22
7357
1015
SCHOLL
49
3756
1010
SMITH
37
2134
1011
VAN HOTTEN
51
2649
1017
WAGGONNER C
26
2719
1001
WATERHOUSE A
57
2345
8.4
8.4.
PROC SQL -.
.
GROUP
BY. GROUP BY ,
.
,
GROUP BY.
,
Master.Salaries.
.
proc sql;
select dept as Department,
sum(wagerate) as TotalWages
from master.salaries
group by dept;
WageRate,
TotalWages. GROUP BY
Department.
ORDER BY,
.
.
Department TotalWages
ADM10
14939.6
ADM20
43407.47
ADM30
8652.35
ADM40
78874.07
CAM10
5726.34
CAM20
5516.95
CAM30
8834.55
CAM32
200.34
CAM34
158.18
CAM36
171.84
LAM10
12271.07
LAM20
2807.4
LAM32
117.96
LAM34
102.88
LAM36
117.08
8-15
8-16
8 PROC SQL
GROUP BY
,
ORDER BY, SAS log.

PROC SQL. , ,
SAS SQL
AVG, MEAN
COUNT, FREQ, N
CSS
CV
MAX
MIN
NMISS
PRT
RANGE
STD
STDERR
SUM

()

( )

8.5
8.5.
CREATE
TABLE PROC SQL.
SAS , .
PROS SQL :
PROC SQL;
CREATE TABLE table-name AS
SELECT column-1<, . . . column-n,>
FROM table-1 | view-1<, . . . table-n | view-n>
<WHERE expression>
<ORDER BY column-1<, . . . column-n,>>;
table-name .
,
Master.Salaries,
Master.Wages. PROC SQL:
proc sql;
create table master.wages as
select dept as Department,
sum(wagerate) as TotalWages
from master.salaries
group by dept;
. SAS log ,
, .

SELECT. ,
GROUP BY,
HAVING ,
, .
proc sql;
select custname as name, count(*)
from sql.customer
group by name
having count(*)=1;
8-17
9.1 ................................................................................ 9-3

9.2 ........................................................................ 9-5
9.3 ............................................................................... 9-8
9.4 .............................................................................................. 9-10
9.5 .................................................. 9-12
9.6 .................................................................. 9-20
9.7 .............................................. 9-23
9-2
9.1
9.1.
SAS
. ,
, :

,

.

.
: SET

.
: SET
9-3
9-4

,

.
: SET, BY

.
: MERGE, BY
PROC SQL
.
9.2
9.2.
SAS
SET.
SET .
. ,
,
, .
:
DATA output-SAS-data-set;
SET SAS-data-set-1;
SET SAS-data-set-2;
RUN;
output-SAS-data-set
SAS-data-set-1 SAS-data-set-2 .
SET.

.
, ,
, ,
.
-
.

; ,
..
,
.
data one2one;
set c;
set d;
run;
9-5
9-6

.
data one2one;
set c;
set d;
run;
1. SET C.
Num
VarA
A1
VarB
2. , SET D.
Num D
Num C.
Num
VarA
VarB
A1
B1
9.2
3. . ,
SET C.
Num
VarA
VarB
A1
B1
A2
4. , SET
D, Num C.
,
.
C.
Num
VarA
VarB
A1
B1
A2
B2
9-7
9-8
9.3.
SAS SET -
,
. SAS ,
SET.
:
SET SAS-data-set-1 SAS-data-set-2;
RUN;
output-SAS-data-set
SAS-data-set-1 SAS-data-set-2
.

,
, SET. ,
, ,
.
.
data concat;
set a b;
run;
9.3
9-9
9-10
9.4.
BY, ,
.
, .
SAS
SET, BY.
:
SET SAS-data-set-1 SAS-data-set-2;
BY variable(s);
RUN;
output-SAS-data-set
variable(s) ,
.
SET.

BY.
9.4

SAS System ,
SET ,
, ,
, .

.
data interlv;
set c d;
by num;
run;
9-11
9-12
9.5.

. ,

.
.

MERGE, SET.

:
MERGE SAS-data-set-1 SAS-data-set-2;
BY variable(s);
RUN;
output-SAS-data-set
variable(s) BY ,
.
50 MERGE.

.
.
9.5

, , SAS

, ,
.
data merged;
merge a b;
by num;
run;

,
. (
,
.)

,
.
,
,
.
9-13
9-14

.
,
, .
, ,
.
, :
, SAS
( ). , SAS

(program data vector - PDV), , SAS
, .
,
.
,
PDV.
.
9.5
:
, SAS
1. ,
MERGE
2.
3. (PDV) 3
4. MERGE
.
,
(
MERGE) .

. Clients Amounts,
SAS
1. PDV Claims.
. ,
Name , PDV
.
2. Clients Amounts.
9-15
9-16
:
, SAS
,
, , .
, PDV ,
MERGE.

. SAS

PDV, BY
.
, SAS ,
, , PDV. , PDV
.
9.5
BY ,
PDV .

,
.
9-17
9-18

, , PDV,
. ( IF
, ,
IF.)
,

. ,
BY,
.
9.5
BY,

,
.
9-19
9-20
9.6.
,
. ,
PDV PDV
.
, Clinic.Demog Date ( ), Clinic.Visit
Date ( 1998). ,
, .
data clinic.merged;
merge clinic.demog clinic.visit;
by id;
run;
proc print data=clinic.merged;
run;

Clinic.Merged.
. 11, - , ..
Clinic.Visit ID .
Obs ID Age Sex
Date Visit SysBP DiasBP Weight
1 A001
21 m
11/05/98 1
140
85
195
2 A001
21 m
10/13/98 2
138
90
198
3 A001
21 m
07/04/98 3
145
95
200
4 A002
32 m
04/14/98 1
121
75
168
5 A003
24 f
08/12/98 1
118
68
125
6 A003
24 f
08/21/98 2
112
65
123
7 A004
03/30/98 1
143
86
204
8 A005
44 f
02/27/98 1
132
76
174
9 A005
44 f
07/11/98 2
132
78
175
10 A005
44 f
04/16/98 3
134
78
176
11 A007
39 m
11/11/57
12 A008
126
80
182
05/22/98 1
Date,
: . ,
.
9.6
,
, RENAME= MERGE.
RENAME=:
(RENAME=(old-variable-name=new-variable-name))
RENAME=, ,
,
old-variable-name ,
new-variable-name .

RENAME=.
RENAME=
SET ,
DATA.
9-21
9-22
, RENAME= Date
Clinic.Demog BirthDate, Date Clinic.Visit VisitDate.
data clinic.merged;
merge clinic.demog(rename=(date=BirthDate))
clinic.visit(rename=(date=VisitDate));
by id;
run;
run;
RENAME=.
Obs ID Age Sex BirthDate Visit SysBP DiasBP Weight VisitDate

1 A001
21 m
05/22/75 1
140
85
195
11/05/98
2 A001
21 m
05/22/75 2
138
90
198
10/13/98
3 A001
21 m
05/22/75 3
145
95
200
07/04/98
4 A002
32 m
06/15/63 1
121
75
168
04/14/98
5 A003
24 f
08/17/72 1
118
68
125
08/12/98
6 A003
24 f
08/17/72 2
112
65
123
08/21/98
7 A004
03/27/69 1
143
86
204
03/30/98
8 A005
44 f
02/24/52 1
132
76
174
02/27/98
9 A005
44 f
02/24/52 2
132
78
175
07/11/98
10 A005
44 f
02/24/52 3
134
78
176
04/16/98
11 A007
39 m
11/11/57
12 A008
126
80
182
05/22/98
. 1
9.7
9.7.
,
. ,
.

, IN= IF
. ,
IN= ,
,
IF IN=variable
,
, IN=.
IN=
,
Clinic.Demog Clinic.Visit ,
.
-, IN= ,
indemog invisit. IN= variable ,
,
SAS .
9-23
9-24
IN=:
(IN=variable)
IN= , ,
variable .
, 1,
. , = 0.
, IN= , . IN=
indemog, 1,
Clinic.Demog; , 0. ,
invisit , Clinic.Visit .
data clinic.merged;
merge clinic.demog(in=indemog)
clinic.visit(in=invisit
rename=(date=BirthDate));
by id;
run;

, Clinic.Demog
Clinic.Visit, IF .
, , IF indemog
invisit ,
. ,
Clinic.Demog Clinic.Visit .
, Clinic.Merged.
, .
9.7
data clinic.merged;
merge clinic.demog(in=indemog
rename=(date=BirthDate))
clinic.visit(in=invisit
rename=(date=VisitDate));
by id;
if indemog=1 and invisit=1;
run;
run;
, Clinic.Merged 12 .
10 , IF.
Obs ID Age Sex BirthDate Visit SysBP DiasBP Weight VisitDate
1 A001
21 m
05/22/75 1
140
85
195
11/05/98
2 A001
21 m
05/22/75 2
138
90
198
10/13/98
3 A001
21 m
05/22/75 3
145
95
200
07/04/98
4 A002
32 m
06/15/63 1
121
75
168
04/14/98
5 A003
24 f
08/17/72 1
118
68
125
08/12/98
6 A003
24 f
08/17/72 2
112
65
123
08/21/98
7 A004
03/27/69 1
143
86
204
03/30/98
8 A005
44 f
02/24/52 1
132
76
174
02/27/98
9 A005
44 f
02/24/52 2
132
78
175
07/11/98
10 A005
44 f
02/24/52 3
134
78
176
04/16/98
SAS IF ,
, .
, ,
.
, IF
. IF
1. IF ,
, 0 ( IN= variable
1).
if indemog=1 and invisit=1;
if indemog and invisit;
9-25
9-26
SAS
, ,
DROP= KEEP=.
, , ,
Clinic.Demog , Weight, Clinic.Visit. ,
ID Clinic.Merged
.
data clinic.merged(drop=id);
clinic.visit(drop=weight in=invisit
by id;
if indemog and invisit;
run;
run;
Obs Age Sex BirthDate Visit SysBP DiasBP VisitDate

1
21 m
05/22/75 1
140
85
11/05/98
21 m
05/22/75 2
138
90
10/13/98
21 m
05/22/75 3
145
95
07/04/98
32 m
06/15/63 1
121
75
04/14/98
24 f
08/17/72 1
118
68
08/12/98
24 f
08/17/72 2
112
65
08/21/98
03/27/69 1
143
86
03/30/98
44 f
02/24/52 1
132
76
02/27/98
44 f
02/24/52 2
132
78
07/11/98
10
44 f
02/24/52 3
134
78
04/16/98
9.7
9-27
DROP= KEEP=
DROP= KEEP= SAS
. ,
DATA MERGE,
,
:
,
,
DROP= MERGE.
clinic.visit(drop=weight in=invisit

(, IF),
DROP= DATA. , ,
,
.
data clinic.merged(drop=id);
DROP= DATA,
.

.

. ,
IF-THEN/ELSE

SAS
, FIRST. LAST.
.
9-28

. ,
IF-THEN/ELSE

SAS
, FIRST. LAST.
.
SAS :
--, ,
.

.
-- --,
:
o
MERGE SET.
.
data work.onemerge;
merge clinic.demog clinic.visit;
run;
, DO
:
data work.combine;
set sales.pounds;
do while(not(begin le date le last));
set sales.rate;
end;
Dollars=(sales*1000)*rate;
run;
SET:
data work.combine(drop=totpay);
if _n_=1 then do until(last);
set sales.budget(keep=payroll) end=last;
end;
set sales.budget;
Percent=payroll/totpay;
run;
10
10.1 .......................................... 10-3

10.2
PROC UNIVARIATE ............................................................................... 10-12
10.3 MEANS ...................... 10-15
10.4
FREQ .................................................................................... 10-18
10.5 CORR .................................... 10-20
10.6 PROC REG
.................................................................................................... 10-22
10.7 ANOVA
........................................................................ 10-26
10-2
10
10.1
10-3
10.1.
SAS BASE
:
CORR
.
MEANS SUMMARY .
.
TABULATE ,
.
UNIVARIATE
.
CHART , , ,
, .
FREQ ,
-, ,
.

.
MEANS
UNIVARIATE
SUMMARY
TABULATE
CORR
-
Prob>| t |
10-4
10
MEANS

CLASS
BY
UNIVARIATE
SUMMARY
TABULATE
CORR
, ,
. , PROC UNIVARIATE

. PROC UNIVARIATE , ,
.
,
BY. , BY
,
. SUMMARY MEANS TABULATE
(
) CLASS.

,
.
xi
i- ()
wi
, xi ,
WEIGHT, - 1

wi xi / wi
n
x
, VARDEF=N
, VARDEF=DF
, VARDEF=WEIGHT | WGT
n
n 1
wi
( w ) 1
w (x x )
, VARDEF=WDF
s2
zi
( xi x ) / s
/d
()
10.1
10-5
,
.
N
NMISS
MIN
MAX
:
SUM
() .
.
.
.
MAX MIN, ().
wi xi .
SUMWGT
MEAN
USS
x .
wi xi2 .
CSS
w (x
VAR
COVARIANCE
s 2 (, variance).
cov xy wi ( xi x )( y i y ) / d .
STD
STDERR
s .
s / n .
100% s / x .
CV
SKEWNESS
KURTOSIS
T
PRT
MEDIAN
QUARTILE
MODE
x ) 2 .
.
(n 1)(n 2)
n(n + 1)
3(n 1) 2
z i3 (n 1)(n 2)(n 3) (n 2)(n 3) .
3
i
t = x n / s H0( =0).
n 1 ,
H0 t value
t value . Pr ob > t .
xi , n ,
, n .
, xi ,
, xi .
.
10-6
10

, ,
. N NMISS
. SUM, MEAN, MAX, MIN, :, USS CSS
.
:
VAR, STD, STDERR, CV, T PRT .

SKEWNESS .
KURTOSIS .
SKEWNESS, KURTOSIS, T PRT , STD 0.
CV , MEAN 0.

(population),
, , . (population)
- .
- ..
.
, :
.
.
, (distribution)
.
()
, .
, ,
.
.

, , .
(sample).
.
, ,
, ,
, (estimates) .
() ,
.
10.1
10-7

, ,
.
, 25%
75% :
(mean) = E (x) x = xi / n
(median) ,
.
,
.
(mode) , .
.
(percentiles) (quantiles)
. , ,
,
. .. 25% 75% .
options formchar='|- +++';
title 'Example of Quantiles and Measures of Location';
data random;
drop n;
do n=1 to 1000;
x=floor(exp(rannor(314159)*.8+1.8));
output;
end;
run;
proc univariate;
var x;
output
out=location mean=mean mode=mode median=median
q1=q1 q3=q3 p5=p5 p10=p10 p90=p90 p95=p95 max=max;
run;
proc print;
run;
data _null_;
set location;
call symput ('MEAN', round(mean,1));
call symput ('MODE', mode);
call symput ('MEDIAN', round(median,1));
call symput ('Q1', round(q1,1));
call symput ('Q3', round(q3,1));
call symput ('P5', round(p5,1));
call symput ('MAX', min(50,MAX));
run;
%macro formgen;
%do i=1 %to &max;
%let value=&i;
%if &i=&p5
%then %let value=&value
p5;
%if &i=&p10
p10;
%if &i=&q1
q1;
%if &i=&mode
mode;
%if &i=&median
median;
%if &i=&mean
mean;
%if &i=&q3
q3;
10-8
10
%if &i=&p90
%if &i=&p95
%if &i=&max
&i="&value"

%then %let value=>=&value;
p90;
p95;
%end;
%mend;
proc format print;
value stat %formgen;
run;
proc chart data=random;
vbar x / midpoints=1 to &max by 1;
format x stat.;
footnote 'P5 = 5TH PERCENTILE';
footnote2 'P10 = 10TH PERCENTILE';
footnote5 'Q1 =
1ST QARTILE';
footnote6 'Q3 =
3RD QARTILE';
run;
Example of Quantiles and Measures of Location
The UNIVARIATE Procedure
Variable: x
N
Mean
Std Deviation
Skewness
Uncorrected SS
Coeff Variation
Moments
1000
Sum Weights
5.605
Sum Observations
5.38169794
Variance
2.73038523
Kurtosis
112271
Corrected SS
95.0637467
Std Error Mean
1000
7605
54.4894645
11.1870588
54434.975
0.23342978
Basic Statistical Measures

Location
Variability
Mean
5.605000
Std Deviation
5.38170
Median
5.000000
Variance
54.48946
Mode
3.000000
:
62.00000
Interquartile :
6.00000
Tests for Location: Mu0=0
Test
-Statistic-----p Value-----Student's t
t 32.57939
Pr > |t|
<.0001
Sign
M
494.5
Pr >= |M|
<.0001
Signed Rank
S 244775.5
Pr >= |S|
<.0001
Quantiles (Definition 5)
Quantile
Estimate
100% Max
62.0
99%
35.5
95%
21.5
90%
16.0
75% Q3
9.0
50% Median
5.0
25% Q1
3.0
10%
2.0
5%
1.0
1%
0.0
0% Min
0.0
Extreme Observations
----Lowest-------Highest--Value
Obs
Value
Obs
0
941
44
216
0
756
44
486
0
402
57
319
0
358
61
951
0
323
62
147
10.1
Obs
mean
1
max
5.605
p95
62
p90
21.5
q3
16
median
9
q1
p10
5
p5
3
10-9
mode
2
Frequency
120 + *
| *
| **
| ***
90 +*****
|*****
|*******
|*******
60 +*******
|*********
|*********
|*********
30 +************
|************
*
|**************** *
|*********************** * *
-------------------------------------------------1234567891111111111222222222233333333334444444444>
0123456789012345678901234567890123456789=
P5
P10
P90
P95
Q1
Q3
x Midpoint
= 5TH PERCENTILE
= 10TH PERCENTILE
= 90TH PERCENTILE
= 95TH PERCENTILE
=
1ST QARTILE
=
3RD QARTILE

:
(:)
.
(interquarile :) 25%
75% .
(variance) 2 = E ( x ) 2 ,
s 2 = ( xi x ) /(n 1) .
2
, .. .
(standard deviation) s -
.

. -
.

, :
(skewness) E ( x ) 3 / 3 ,
3
n
n

( xi x ) / s 3
(n 1)(n 2) i =1
(kurtosis) E ( x ) 4 / 4 3 ,
4
n
n(n + 1)
(n 1) 2
4
(
x
x
)
/
s
3
i
(n 1)(n 2)(n 3) i =1
(n 2)(n 3)
10-10
10

. :
.

.
68%
, 95% , 99%
.

n ,
, , ,
(sampling distribution). ,
:
.
, (standard error)
/ n s / n - .

( )
,
.

- . ,
, (). : H 0 : = 0, H 1 : < 0, H 2 : > 0 . ,
:

(significance level)

(power).
, , 2 - 95%
3 - 99%, , H 0 : = 0, H 1 : < 0, H 2 : > 0 , 0 2 x 0 + 2 ,
95% H 0 : = 0 ,
.
, , ,
s . ,
t = ( x 0 ) /( s / n ) ,
x 0 . t
0. t ,
0
. , =5%
n 1 = 8 2,3 2,3.
10.1
10-11

p value . ,
t
. ,
p value ,
[ ( p value) > t ] < , .

, :
.
.
.
10-12
10
10.2. PROC
UNIVARIATE
, - ,
. ,
, ,
.
, ,
PROC UNIVARIATE.
PROC UNIVARIATE SAS BASE,
. , ,
, , ..
PROC UNIVARIATE . PROC,
,
, VAR:
PROC UNIVARIATE;
VAR variable-list;
VAR,
, .
DATA=input data set PROC.
PROC UNIVARIATE DATA=data set;
, PROC , ,
PLOT NORMAL.
PROC UNIVARIATE PLOT NORMAL;
NORMAL , PLOT
, , : --,
-- (steam-and-leaf, boxand-whisker, normal probability).
,
, BY
( , ,
). ,
, .
UNIVARIATE.
10.2 PROC UNIVARIATE
10-13
UNIVARIATE
PROC UNIVARIATE <option(s)>;
BY <DESCENDING> variable-1 <...<DESCENDING> variable-n> <NOTSORTED>;
CLASS variable-1<(variable-option(s))> <variable-2<(variableoption(s))>> </KEYLEVEL= 'value1'|('value1' 'value2')>;
FREQ variable;
HISTOGRAM <variable(s)> </ option(s)>;
ID variable(s);
INSET <keyword(s)> </ option(s)>;
OUTPUT <OUT=SAS-data-set> statistic-keyword-1=name(s) <... statistickeyword-n=name(s)> <percentiles-specification>;
PROBPLOT <variable(s)> </ option(s)>;
QQPLOT <variable(s)> </ option(s)>;
VAR variable(s);
WEIGHT variable;

.
Data Class;
input Student
cards;
A 56 1 B 78 1 C 84
A 85 2 B 67 2 C 90
A 87 3 B 73 3 C 99
;
run;
$1. Score Course +1 @@;

1
2
3
D 73 1
D 84 2
D 54 3
E 90 1
E 74 2
E 81 3
F 44 1
F 64 2
F 78 3
G 76 1
G 73 2
G 69 3
H 87 1
H 78 2
H 64 3
I 92 1
I 69 2
I 73 3
proc univariate data = class plot normal;

var score;
title;
run;
Variable: Score
N
Mean
Std Deviation
Skewness
Uncorrected SS
Coeff Variation
Moments
30
Sum Weights
74.6
Sum Observations
12.5164719
Variance
-0.3816614
Kurtosis
171498
Corrected SS
16.7781125
Std Error Mean
Basic Statistical Measures

Location
Variability
Mean
74.60000
Std Deviation
Median
74.50000
Variance
Mode
73.00000
Range
Interquartile Range
30
2238
156.662069
0.06859317
4543.2
2.28518467
12.51647
156.66207
55.00000
15.00000
Tests for Location: Mu0=0

Test
-Statistic-----p Value-----Student's t
t 32.64506
Pr > |t|
<.0001
Sign
M
15
Pr >= |M|
<.0001
Signed Rank
S
232.5
Pr >= |S|
<.0001
Test
Shapiro-Wilk
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Cramer-von Mises
Anderson-Darling
Tests for Normality

--Statistic--W
0.981513
D
0.115808
W-Sq 0.034901
A-Sq
0.23139
-----p Value-----Pr < W

0.8642
Pr > D
>0.1500
Pr > W-Sq >0.2500
Pr > A-Sq >0.2500
J 75 1
J 56 2
J 65 3
10-14
10
Quantile
Estimate
100% Max
99.0
99%
99.0
95%
92.0
90%
90.0
Variable: Score
Quantile
Estimate
75% Q3
84.0
50% Median
74.5
25% Q1
65.0
10%
56.0
5%
54.0
1%
44.0
0% Min
44.0
Extreme Observations
----Lowest-------Highest--Value
Obs
Value
Obs
44
6
87
21
54
24
90
5
56
20
90
13
56
1
92
9
64
28
99
23
Stem
9
9
8
8
7
7
6
6
5
5
4
4
Leaf
9
002
577
144
56888
33334
5799
44
66
4
#
1
3
3
3
5
5
4
2
2
1
4
1
----+----+----+----+
Multiply Stem.Leaf by 10**+1
Boxplot
|
|
|
+-----+
| + |
*-----*
+-----+
|
|
|
|
|
Normal Probability Plot

95.5+
+++*
|
*+*+*
|
**+++
|
**++
|
***+*
|
*****
|
***++
|
+**+
|
+*+*
|
+++*
| ++++
42.5+++
*
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
-2
-1
0
+1
+2

: (N), , .
(skewness) .
(kurtosis) .
.
: , .
.
.
.
10.3 PROC MEANS
10-15
10.3. MEANS
, UNIVARIATE
MEANS, SAS
BASE, , . UNIVARIATE
, ,
.
, ,
, MEANS.
.

PROC MEANS :
PROC MEANS statistic-keywords;
, - -, MEANS
:
, , , .

. ,
MEANS:
CLM
RANGE
SKEWNESS
STDDEV
KURTOSIS
LCLM
MAX
MEAN
MIN

()
STDERR
SUM
SUMWGT
UCLM
USS
N
NMISS
VAR
PROBIT
MEDIAN(P50)
Q1 (P25)
P1
P10
P95

1%
10%
95%
T
Q3 (P75)
P5
P90
P99
()

-

5%
90%
99%
CSS
CV

, 0,05
95%.
PROC ALPHA. , 0,10,
:
PROC MEANS ALPHA=.10 CLM;
10-16
10
VAR
, MEANS
. ,
VAR.
PROC MEANS options;
VAR variable-list;

CLASS, PROC MEANS
,
. ,
() CLASS.
BY ,
. , BY,
,
.
() , CLASS.

PROC MEANS , , ( ) ,
.
( - ),
NOPRINT.
SAS , . , ,
PROC MEANS ,
, .
. MEANS.
MEANS
PROC MEANS <option(s)> <statistic-keyword(s)>;
BY <DESCENDING> variable-1 <... <DESCENDING> variable-n> <NOTSORTED>;
CLASS variable(s) </ option(s)>;
FREQ variable;
ID variable(s);
OUTPUT <OUT=SAS-data-set> <output-statistic-specification(s)>
<id-group-specification(s)> <maximum-id-specification(s)>
<minimum-id-specification(s)> </ option(s)>;
TYPES request(s);
VAR variable(s) < / WEIGHT=weight-variable>;
WAYS list;
WEIGHT variable;
10.3 PROC MEANS
10-17

, .
.

, . ,
, ,
50 . ,
, ,
:
data booklngs;
input pages @@;
cards;
34 30 29 32 52 25 24 27 31 29 24 26 30 30 30 29 21 30 25 28 28 28 29 38 28
29 24 24 29 31 30 27 45 30 22 16 29 14 16 29 32 20 20 15 28 28 29 31 29 36
;
run;
proc means data=booklngs n mean median clm alpha=.10;
title ' ';
run;

The MEANS Procedure
Analysis Variable : pages
Lower 90%
Upper 90%
N
Mean
Median
CL for Mean
CL for Mean
-----------------------------------------------------------------50
28.0000000
29.0000000
26.4419136
29.5580864
------------------------------------------------------------------
: 28, 29, ..
(50%) 29 . ,
90%
26,44 29,56 . ,
,
26 30 . ,
.
10-18
10
10.4.
FREQ
PROC FREQ SAS BASE,

. -,

.
.
FREQ :
PROC FREQ;
TABLES variable-combinations / options;
:
AGREE
CHISQ
CL
CMN
EXACT
MEASURES
PLCORR
RELRISK
TREND
, , Q-, -
-

--
22
, -,
-b, -c , D-, , ,
,

22
- ()
FREQ.
FREQ
PROC FREQ <option(s)>;
BY <DESCENDING> variable-1 <...<DESCENDING> variable-n> <NOTSORTED>;
EXACT statistic-keyword(s) </ option(s)>;
OUTPUT statistic-keyword(s) <OUT=SAS-data-set>;
TABLES request(s) </ option(s)>;
TEST statistic-keyword(s);
WEIGHT variable;

, , ,
, .
, R
E , Y N . ,
.
10.4 FREQ
data bustimes;
input bustype
cards;
E Y R Y E Y E Y E N
E Y R N E Y E Y E Y
R Y R N E N R Y R Y
;
run;
10-19
$1. +1 ontime $1. +1 @@;

E N E Y R N E Y E Y E N R N E Y E Y R N R Y E Y R N E N R
E Y R Y R N E Y E Y E Y E Y E Y R N E Y R N E Y R Y R N E
R N E N E Y R N R N R N R N E Y R N E Y E N R N R N R Y R
proc freq data=bustimes;

tables bustype*ontime / chisq;
title;
run;
The FREQ Procedure
Table of bustype by ontime
bustype
ontime
Frequency+
Percent +
Row Pct +
Col Pct + N
+ Y
+ Total
---------------------------E
+
7 +
22 +
29
+ 14.00 + 44.00 + 58.00
+ 24.14 + 75.86 +
+ 35.00 + 73.33 +
---------------------------R
+
13 +
8 +
21
+ 26.00 + 16.00 + 42.00
+ 61.90 + 38.10 +
+ 65.00 + 26.67 +
---------------------------Total
20
30
50
40.00
60.00
100.00
The FREQ Procedure
Statistics for Table of bustype by ontime
Statistic
DF
Value
Prob
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Chi-Square
1
5.2386
0.0071
Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square
1
5.3364
0.0068
Continuity Adj. Chi-Square
1
5.7505
0.0165
Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square
1
5.0939
0.0077
Phi Coefficient
-0.3805
Contingency Coefficient
0.3556
Cramer's V
-0.3805
Fisher's Exact Test
------------------------------------------------------------Cell (1,1) Frequency (F)
7
Left-sided Pr <= F
0.0081
Right-sided Pr >= F
0.9987
Table Probability (P)
Two-sided Pr <= P
0.0067
0.0097
Sample Size = 50
- 7,24 p-value 0,0071,

.
.
10-20
10
10.5. CORR
CORR SAS BASE

.
. ,
.
() 1.0 1.0.
.
CORR:
PROC CORR;
SAS
, ()
.
VAR WITH .
VAR variable-list;
WITH variable-list;
, , VAR,
, , WITH, - .
VAR,
.
, CORR . ,
, ,
. , SPEARMAN
:
PROC CORR SPERMAN;
, HOEFFDING D-
, KENDALL - . ,
- .
CORR
PROC CORR <option(s)>;
BY <DESCENDING> variable-1<...<DESCENDING> variable-n> <NOTSORTED>;
FREQ frequency-variable;
PARTIAL variable(s);
VAR variable(s);
WEIGHT weight-variable;
WITH variable(s);
10.5 CORR
10-21

,
,
.
?
data exams;
input student $1. +1 score 2. +1 television 1. +1 training 1. +1 @@;
if student ^= '' then output;
cards;
A 56 6 2 B 78 7 4 C 84 5 5 D 73 4 0 E 90 3 4
A 44 9 0 B 76 5 1 C 87 3 3 D 92 2 7 E 75 8 3
A 85 1 6 B 67 4 2 C 90 5 5 D 84 6 5 E 74 5 2
A 64 4 1 B 73 0 5 C 78 5 2 D 69 6 1 E 56 7 1
A 87 8 4 B 73 8 3 C 99 0 6 D 54 8 0 E 81 5 4
A 78 5 2 B 69 4 1 C 64 7 1 D 73 7 3 E 65 6 2
;
run;
proc corr data=exams;
var television training;
with score;
title ' ';
title2 ' ';
title3 ' ';
run;

The CORR Procedure
1 With Variables:
score
2
Variables:
television training
Variable
score
television
training
N
30
30
30
Simple Statistics
Mean
Std Dev
Sum
74.60000
12.51647
2238
5.10000
2.33932
153.00000
2.83333
1.94906
85.00000
Minimum
44.00000
0
0
Maximum
99.00000
9.00000
7.00000
Pearson Correlation Coefficients, N = 30

Prob > |r| under H0: Rho=0
score
television
training
-0.55092
0.79721
0.16
<.0001
.

.

, , ,
(0,80), (-0,55).
,
, ,
.
10-22
10
10.6. PROC REG

REG
.
SAS/STAT.
, REG

, , ,
SAS STAT ,
,
. SAS ETS
. ,
SAS.
REG .
PROC REG MODEL,
:
PROC REG;
MODEL dependent=independent;
MODEL (
) , () .
PLOT REG.
,
, . PLOT
SAS GRAPH, .
PLOT dependent=independent;
SAS GRAPH, LINEPRINTER PROC

:
PROC REG LINEPRINTER;
MODEL dependent=independent;
PLOT dependent*independent = symbol P. *
independent = symbol / OVERLAY;
symbol .

. P. .

REG. ,
, , , ,
.
10.6 PROC REG
10-23
REG
PROC REG < options > ;
< label: > MODEL dependents=<regressors> < / options > ;
BY variables ;
FREQ variable ;
ID variables ;
VAR variables ;
WEIGHT variable ;
ADD variables ;
DELETE variables ;
< label: > MTEST <equation, ... ,equation> < / options > ;
OUTPUT < OUT=SAS-data-set > keyword=names < ... keyword=names > ;
PAINT <condition | ALLOBS> < / options > | < STATUS | UNDO> ;
PLOT <yvariable*xvariable> <=symbol> < ...yvariable*xvariable> <=symbol> < /
options > ;
PRINT < options > < ANOVA > < MODELDATA > ;
REFIT;
RESTRICT equation, ... ,equation ;
REWEIGHT <condition | ALLOBS> < / options > | < STATUS | UNDO> ;
< label: > TEST equation,<, ...,equation> < / option > ;
REG
.
, .
, : H0 ,
H1 .
data ballhits;
input height distance @@;
cards;
50 110 49 135 48 129 53 150 48 124
50 143 51 126 45 107 53 146 50 154
47 136 52 144 47 124 50 133 50 128
50 118 48 135 47 129 45 126 48 118
45 121 53 142 46 122 47 119 51 134
49 130 46 132 51 144 50 132 50 131
;
run;
proc reg data=ballhits;
model distance=height;
plot distance*height;
title 'Results of Regression Analysis';
run;
10-24
10

The REG Procedure
Model: MODEL1
Dependent Variable: distance
Source
Model
Error
Corrected Total
DF
1
28
29
Analysis of Variance
Sum of
Mean
Squares
Square
1365.50831
1365.50831
2268.35836
81.01280
3633.86667
Root MSE
Dependent Mean
Coeff Var
Variable
Intercept
height
DF
1
1
9.00071
130.73333
6.88479
F Value
16.86
R-Square
Adj R-Sq
Parameter Estimates
Parameter
Standard
Estimate
Error
-11.00859
34.56363
2.89466
0.70506
Pr > F
0.0003
0.3758
0.3535
t Value
-0.32
4.11
Pr > |t|
0.7525
0.0003
10.6 PROC REG
10-25

.
:
DF
Mean Square
F value
Pr>F
Root MSE
Coeff Var
Adj R-sq

( )
F ,
()

R .
:
DF
t value
Pr>| t |

-
()
, ,
:
Distance = -11.00859 + 2.89466*Height
,
.
.
0,0003,
, .. R- 0,3758,
37,5%,
( ).
0,0003,
, .
10-26
10
10.7. ANOVA

ANOVA SAS STAT,
.
,
. ,
SAS STAT GLM,
ANOVA.
ANOVA CLASS MODEL:
PROC ANOVA;
CLASS variable-list;
MODEL dependent=effects;
CLASS MODEL
.
. MODEL
, .

. , MEANS,
, MODEL. ,
, MEANS ,
BON, DUNCAN, -,
- SCHEFF, TUKEY
MEANS effects / options;
ANOVA
PROC ANOVA < options > ;
CLASS variables ;
MODEL dependents=effects < / options > ;
ABSORB variables ;
BY variables ;
FREQ variable ;
MANOVA < test-options >< / detail-options > ;
MEANS effects < / options > ;
REPEATED factor-specification < / options > ;
TEST < H=effects > E=effect ;
10.7 ANOVA
10-27

, ,
, , .
.
data teams (keep=team height);
format team $7.;
input t $1. +1 height 2. +1 @@;
If t='r' then team='red';
If t='b' then team='blue';
If t='g' then team='gray';
If t='v' then team='violet';
If t='m' then team='magenta';
if t ^= '' then output;
cards;
r 55 r 48 r 53 r 47 r 51 r 43 r 45 r 46
b 46 b 56 b 48 b 47 b 54 b 52 b 49 b 51
g 55 g 45 g 47 g 56 g 49 g 53 g 48 g 53
v 53 v 53 v 58 v 56 v 50 v 55 v 59 v 57
m 53 m 55 m 48 m 45 m 47 m 56 m 55 m 46
;
run;
proc anova data=teams;
class team;
model height=team;
means team / scheffe;
title ' ';
run;
r
b
g
v
m
55
45
51
49
47
r
b
g
v
m
54
48
52
55
53
r
b
g
v
m
45
55
48
56
51
r
b
g
v
m
52
47
47
57
50

The ANOVA Procedure
Class Level Information
Class
team
Levels
5
Values
blue gray magenta red violet
Number of observations
60
Dependent Variable: height

Source
Model
Error
Corrected Total
DF
4
55
59
R-Square
0.231237
Source
team
Sum of
Squares
228.0000000
758.0000000
986.0000000
Coeff Var
7.279190
DF
4
Mean Square
57.0000000
13.7818182
Root MSE
3.712387
Anova SS
228.0000000
F Value
4.14
Pr > F
0.0053
height Mean
51.00000
Mean Square
57.0000000
F Value
4.14
Scheffe's Test for height

NOTE: This test controls the Type I experimentwise error rate.
Alpha
0.05
Error Degrees of Freedom
55
Error Mean Square
13.78182
Critical Value of F
2.53969
Minimum Significant Difference
4.8306
Pr > F
0.0053
10-28
10
Means with the same letter are not significantly different.
Scheffe Grouping
Mean
N
team
A
54.833
12
violet
A
B
A
50.500
12
magenta
B
A
B
A
50.333
12
gray
B
B
49.833
12
blue
B
B
49.500
12
red
12 , ,
, ANOVA.
. ,
MEANS .
:
TEAM 5 ,
. 60.

Source
DF
Sum of Square
Mean Square
F value
Pr>F
R-square
Coeff Var
Root MSE
Height Mean

,
,
( )
F , (
)
() F-
R-

, , ( 0,0053).
, .
. ,
.
A, B, C , , 0,05
RED VIOLET.
11 SAS
11.1 SAS ............................................................................ 11-3

11.2 ........................................................................ 11-7
11.3 INPUT ........................ 11-11
11.4 PUT ............................. 11-15
11.5 SAS .................... 11-19
11.6 .................................................... 11-36
11-2
11 SAS
11.1 SAS
11.1. SAS
SAS ,
. ,
.
SAS : , ,
, .
SAS
()
SAS /
ZIP
,
SAS . , ,
, ,
MEANS.
SAS ,
SUM
MEAN
MIN
MAX
VAR
STD
11-3
11-4
11 SAS
SAS , ,
. ,
.
SAS
SAS ,

SAS
U.S. ZIP

.

SAS
.
, , SAS
. SAS Language
Reference: Dictionary.
SAS
SAS
. SAS
SAS , , SAS .
SAS . , ,
MEAN
, Exam1, Exam2, and Exam3.
AvgScore=mean(exam1,exam2,exam3);
SAS , ,
. MEAN :
Exam1, Exam2 Exam3.
, .
,
. ,
.
11.1 SAS
SAS
, ,
SAS , ,
, .
SAS :
function-name(argument-1<,argument-n>);
arguments
mean(x,y,z)
mean(456,502,612,498)
mean(37*2,192/5,mean(22,34,56))
,
, function-name().
,
.
function-name(argument-1,argument-2,argument-n)

,
OF.
11-5
11-6
11 SAS
, .
, .
mean(x1,x2,x3)
.
mean(of x1-x3)
, .
mean(of newarray {*})

, , OF.
OF,
. , , ,
X1 X3, X1, X2, X3.
mean(x1-x3)

, SAS
, , .
, . ,
, , AvgScore
.
AvgScore=mean(exam1,exam2,exam3);
,
.
; 200.
,
,
. , SAS ,
. ,
LENGTH ,
, .
11.2
11.2.
,
Hrd.Temp. ,
.
, ,
PayRate. ,
PayRate .
SAS Hrd.Temp
City
State Zip
CARY
CARY
CHAPEL HILL
NC
NC
NC
27513 6224549
27513 6223251
27514 9974749
PayRate
Days
Hours
11
25
26
88
200
208
10
8
40
Phone
StartDate
14567
14524
14570
EndDate
14621
14565
14608
data hrd.newtemp;
set hrd.temp;
Salary=payrate*hours;
run;
, INPUT
. INPUT
. PUT
. .
, - INPUT PUT
, INPUT PUT
?
SAS
-- --.
. , PayRate
($). SAS
PayRate , .
.
--.
, INPUT PUT ,
.
11-7
11-8
11 SAS

.
,
, , SAS
. , , ,
PayRate .
PayRate Hours,
Salary.
data hrd.newtemp;
set hrd.temp;
run;
, SAS
PayRate ,
.
PayRate.
. PayRate
.
, , SAS log
, .
SAS Log
4
5
6
7
data hrd.newtemp;
set hrd.temp;
run;
NOTE: Character values have been converted

to numeric values at the places given
by: (Line):(Column).
6:11
NOTE: The data set HRD.NEWTEMP has 40 observations
and 19 variables.
NOTE: The data statement used 0.78 seconds.
11.2

-- ,

,
Rate
Rate=payrate;


if payrate>=rate;
, .
NewRate=sum(payrate,raise);
w.d, w

,
( ).
Character
Value
Numeric
Value
12.47
12.47
-8.96
-8.96
1.243E1
12.43
1,742.64
11-9
11-10
11 SAS
WHERE
WHERE
. , , , ,
WHERE .
Number , Character
, WHERE
.
data work.convtest;
Number=4;
Character='4';
run;
proc print data=work.convtest;
where character=4;
run;
where number='4';
run;

WHERE.
.
SAS log .
SAS Log
1
data work.convtest;
2
Number=4;
3
Character='4';
4
run;
NOTE: The data set Work.ConvTest has 1 observation
and 2 variables.
5
6
where character=4;
7
run;
ERROR: Where clause operator requires compatible
variables.
NOTE: The SAS System stopped processing this step
because
of errors.
8
9
where number='4';
10
run;
ERROR: Where clause operator requires compatible
variables.
NOTE: The SAS System stopped processing this step
because
of errors.
11.3 INPUT
11.3. INPUT

,
INPUT
. , ,
Hrd.Temp, .
, ,
PayRate Hours.
SAS Hrd.Temp
City
State Zip
Phone
CARY
CARY
CHAPEL HILL
RALEIGH
NC
NC
NC
NC
27513
27513
27514
27612
6224549
6223251
9974749
6970450
PayRate
Days
Hours
11
25
26
10
88
200
208
80
10
8
40
15
StartDate
14567
14524
14570
14516
EndDate
14621
14565
14608
14527
, .
, Hrd.Newtemp,
Salary.
data hrd.newtemp;
set hrd.temp;
run;
,
, ..
PayRate .
PayRate ,
INPUT.
11-11
11-12
11 SAS
INPUT:
INPUT(source,informat)
source ,
,

informat, ,
:
input(payrate,2.)
,
.
2115233
2,115,233
7.
COMMA9.
INPUT:
Test=input(saletest,comma9.);
COMMA9.
SaleTest.
Test.
11.3 INPUT

, INPUT
PayRate . ,
PayRate . .. PayRate 2,
2. .
input(payrate,2.)
, .
data hrd.newtemp;
set hrd.temp;
Salary=input(payrate,2.)*hours;
run;
, (
Salary).
SAS Hrd.Newtemp
City
State
Zip
Phone
CARY
CARY
NC
NC
27513
27513
6224549
6223251
PayRate
Days
Hours
Birthday
11
25
88
200
10
8
7054
StartDate EndDate
14567
14524
14621
14565
Salary
880
1600
5757
, SAS log,
INPUT.
SAS Log
13
14
15
16
data hrd.newtemp;
set hrd.temp;
Salary=input(payrate,2.)*hours;
run;
NOTE: The data set Hrd.Newtemp has 40 observations

and 19 variables.
NOTE: The DATA statement used 0.55 seconds.
11-13
11-14
11 SAS
INPUT PUT (
).
PUT(source,format)
, INPUT informat,
PUT format. , format
informat, , INPUT informat.
11.4 PUT
11.4. PUT

.
,
.
, Site
,

, SiteCode:
SiteCode=site;
,
, :
SiteCode=site||dept;
,
, TRIM: Region=trim(site);
SAS log ,
.
SAS Log
4
5
6
7
data hrd.newtemp;
set hrd.temp;
SiteCode=site||dept;
run;
NOTE: Numeric values have been converted

to character values at the
places given by: (Line):(Column).
11:13
NOTE: The data set HRD.NEWTEMP has 40 observations
and 19 variables.
NOTE: The data statement used 1.06 seconds.
, INPUT,
. ,
,
, SAS .
PUT .
11-15
11-16
11 SAS

PUT ,
.
, ,
Hrd.Temp. ,
Assignment,
Site Dept.
Site, (/) ,
, Dept , 26/DP.
SAS Hrd.Temp
OverTime Job
4
.
.
.
Word processing
Filing, administrative
duties
Organizational dev.
specialist
Bookkeeping,word processing
Contract
Word Processor
Admin. Asst.
Consultant
Bookkeeper
Asst.
Dept Site
DP
PURH
PERS
BK
26
57
34
57
, (||),
, Site Dept,
. , .
.
data hrd.newtemp;
set hrd.temp;
Assignment=site||'/'||dept;
run;
, , SAS
Site ,
.. Site . Site
, .
Site ,
PUT .
11.4 PUT
PUT:
PUT(source,format)
source , ,

format, ,
, :
put(site,2.)
PUT .
PUT source, format.
Format source.
PUT ,
,
, .
.. ,
.
, PUT,

Site .
PUT,
Site . .. Site 2, 2.
. PUT ,
,
Assignment.
data hrd.newtemp;
set hrd.temp;
Assignment=put(site,2.)||'/'||dept;
run;
11-17
11-18
11 SAS
SAS Hrd.Newtemp
Overtime Job
Contact
Word processing
4
Filing, administrative
.
duties
Dept Site Birthday
DP
PURH
26
57
Word
Processor
Admin. Asst.
Assignment
7054 26/DP
5757 57/PURH
, SAS log ,
PUT.
SAS Log
13
14
15
16
data hrd.newtemp;
set hrd.temp;
Assignment=put(site,2.)||'/'||dept;
run;
NOTE: The data set Hrd.Newtemp has 40 observations

and 19 variables.
NOTE: The DATA statement used 0.71 seconds.

, , PUT,
.
PUT(source,format)
, ,
, .
PUT INPUT.
PUT(source,format)
, PUT format,
INPUT informat. ,
format informat, , INPUT informat.
11.5 SAS
11-19
11.5. SAS
, SAS
SAS ,
,
SAS. SAS 1 1960 .
. :
SAS ,
. :
, SAS
, 1 1960 .
. :
SAS ,
.
SAS ,
.
data test(keep=name totday);
set hrd.temp;
TotDay=enddate-startdate;
run;
11-20
11 SAS
SAS Hrd.Temp
City State Zip
Phone
StartDate EndDate PayRate Days Hours
CARY
NC 27513 6224549
14567
14621 10
11
88
CARY
NC 27513 6223251
14524
14565 8
25
200
SAS ,
SAS .
, . , FORMAT
DATE9. StartDate EndDate. ,
, ,
PROC PRINT.
proc print data=hrd.temp;
format startdate enddate date9.;
run;
City
State Zip
CARY
NC
27513 6224549 19NOV1999 12JAN2000
10
11
88
CARY
NC
27513 6223251 07OCT1999 17NOV1999
25
200
CHAPEL HILL NC
27514 9974749 22NOV1999 30DEC1999
40
26
208
RALEIGH
27612 6970450 29SEP1999 10OCT1999
15
10
80
NC
Phone
StartDate
EndDate Pay Days Hours

Rate
SAS ,
1582 .. 20,000 ..
, .

1582 ,
1752 .
11.5 SAS
11-21
SAS
SAS , - .
.
MDY
date=mdy(mon,day,yr);
SAS
TODAY
DATE
now=today();
now=date();

SAS
TIME
curtime=time();
SAS
, , ,
SAS .
DAY
day=day(date);
(1-31)
QTR
quarter=qtr(date);
(1-4)
WEEKDAY
wkday=weekday(date);
(1-7)
MONTH
month=month(date);
(1-12)
YEAR
yr=year(date);
(4 digits)
INTCK
x=intck('day',d1,d2);
x=intck('week',d1,d2);
x=intck('month',d1,d2);
x=intck('qtr',d1,d2);
x=intck('year',d1,d2);
D1 D2
D1 D2
D1 D2
D1 D2
D1 D2
INTNX
x=intnx('interval',startfrom,increment);
,
-
SAS ,
.
11-22
11 SAS
YEAR, MONTH DAY

SAS
, . , YEAR,
MONTH DAY. ,
.
YEAR, MONTH DAY:

YEAR(date)
MONTH(date)
DAY(date)
date SAS , ,
SAS .
SAS , SAS Language Reference: Dictionary.
YEAR , ,
, 2002. MONTH ,
1 12, . 1
, 2 .. DAY
1 31, .
.
YEAR

YEAR(date)
SAS .
MONTH

SAS .
MONTH(date) 12
DAY

SAS .
DAY(date)
2002
11.5 SAS
, YEAR MONTH .
,
Hrd.Temp, ,
1999 . Hrd.Temp ,
.
SAS Hrd.Temp
City
State Zip
Phone
CARY
CARY
CHAPEL HILL
RALEIGH
NC
NC
NC
NC
6224549
6223251
9974749
6970450
27513
27513
27514
27612
StartDate
14567
14524
14570
14516
EndDate
14621
14565
14608
14527
PayRate Days Hours

10
11
88
8
25
200
40
26
208
15
10
80
, ,
YEAR ,
, StartDate. YEAR
year(startdate)
, , ,
MONTH StartDate.
month(startdate)
11-23
11-24
11 SAS
,
IF . IF
, , YEAR
1999, MONTH 11 (
).
data hrd.nov99;
set hrd.temp;
if year(startdate)=1999 and month(startdate)=11;
run;
, PROC PRINT , ,
. , PROC PRINT
FORMAT StartDate
EndDate DATE9.
data hrd.nov99;
set hrd.temp;
if year(startdate)=1999 and month(startdate)=11;
proc print data=hrd.tempnov;
format startdate enddate date9.;
run;
PROC PRINT, .
,
, 1999 .
City
State Zip
Phone
StartDate
EndDate PayRate Days Hours
CARY
NC
27513 6224549 19NOV1999 12JAN2000
10
11
88
CHAPEL HILL NC
27514 9974749 22NOV1999 30DEC1999
40
26
208
DURHAM
NC
27713 3633618 02NOV1999 13NOV1999
12
72
CARRBORO
NC
27510 9976732 16NOV1999 04JAN2000
15
64
11.5 SAS
WEEKDAY
WEEKDAY
SAS.
WEEKDAY:
WEEKDAY(date)
date SAS , ,
SAS .
SAS SAS Language Reference: Dictionary.
WEEKDAY 1 7.
.
1 =
2 =
3 =
4 =
5 =
6 =
7 =
, Radio.Sch .
AirDate SAS .
, ,
WEEKDAY IF. ,
AirDate .
data radio.schwkend;
set radio.sch;
if weekday(airdate)=7 or weekday(airdate)=1;
run;
11-25
11-26
11 SAS
MDY
MDY SAS ,
, . ,
Hrd.Temp
: Month, Day Year.
SAS Hrd.Temp
City
State Zip
Phone
CARY
CARY
CHAPEL HILL
RALEIGH
NC
NC
NC
NC
6224549
6223251
9974749
6970450
27513
27513
27514
27612
Month Day Year

1
11
12
10
12
17
30
10
2000
1999
1999
1999
PayRate Days Hours

10
8
40
15
11
25
26
10
88
200
208
80

, .
SAS ,
MDY.
MDY:
MDY(month,day,year)
month , ,
1- 12
day , , 1-31
year , , -
.
11.5 SAS
Hrd.Temp ,
Month, Day Year. MDY
SAS :
mdy(month,day,year)
,
, SAS .
data hrd.newtemp(drop=month day year);
set hrd.temp;
Date=mdy(month,day,year);
run;
, Date.
SAS Hrd.Newtemp
City
State Zip
Phone
PayRate Days Hours Date
CARY
CARY
CHAPEL HILL
RALEIGH
NC
NC
NC
NC
6224549
6223251
9974749
6970450
10
8
40
15
27513
27513
27514
27612
11
25
26
10
88
200
208
80
14621
14565
14608
14527
, SAS ,
SAS . ,
FORMAT DATE9. Date.
, PROC PRINT.
proc print data=hrd.newtemp;
format date date9.;
run;
City
State Zip Phone PayRate Days Hours
CARY
NC
27513 6224549
10
11
88 12JAN2000
CARY
NC
27513 6223251
25
200 17NOV1999
CHAPEL HILL NC
27514 9974749
40
26
208 30DEC1999
RALEIGH
27612 6970450
15
10
80 10OCT1999
NC
Date
11-27
11-28
11 SAS
MDY SAS .
,
.
, MDY.
data hrd.newtemp;
set hrd.temp;
DateCons=mdy(6,17,2002);
format datecons date9.;
run;
City
State Zip Phone PayRate Days Hours DateCons
CARY
NC
27513 6224549
10
11
88 17JUN2002
CARY
NC
27513 6223251
25
200 17JUN2002
CHAPEL HILL NC
27514 9974749
40
26
208 17JUN2002
RALEIGH
27612 6970450
15
10
80 17JUN2002
NC
, .
MDY , ,
SAS
100- ,
YEARCUTOFF=. YEARCUTOFF=
1920.
Reading Date and Time Values.
, ,
MDY:
MDY(5,10,20)
= May 10, 1920
MDY(5,10,2020) = May 10, 2020
, ,
SAS DATE9.
,
Date DateCons Hrd.Newtemp.
, MDY. Dec.Review
Day. ,
.
1998 .
11.5 SAS
SAS Dec.Review
Site
Day
Westin
Stockton
Center City
12
4
17
Rate
Name
A2
A5
B1
Mitchell, K
Worton, M
Smith, A
MDY
ReviewDate. SAS
.
data dec.review98;
set dec.review;
ReviewDate=mdy(12,day,1998);
run;
SAS Dec.Review98
Site
Westin
Stockton
Center City
Day
12
4
17
Rate
Name
A2
A5
B1
Mitchell, K
Worton, M
Smith, A
ReviewDate
14225
14217
14230
MDY , SAS
.
data dec.review98;
set dec.review;
ReviewDate=mdy(15,day,1998);
run;
SAS Dec.Review98
Site
Westin
Stockton
Center City
Day
12
4
17
Rate
Name
A2
A5
B1
Mitchell, K
Worton, M
Smith, A
ReviewDate
.
.
.
11-29
11-30
11 SAS
DATE TODAY
DATE TODAY SAS .
DATE TODAY
.
DATE TODAY:
DATE()
TODAY()
,
.
, ,
Hrd.Temp. ,
:
EditDate=date();
,
, EditDate.
data hrd.newtemp;
set hrd.temp;
EditDate=date();
run;
: SAS
15 2000 .
SAS Hrd.Newtemp
EndDate EditDate
14621
14565
14608
14624
14624
14624
11.5 SAS
, SAS ,
SAS . , FORMAT
DATE9. EditDate.
, PROC PRINT.
format editdate date9.;
run;
EndDate EditDate
14621 15JAN2000
14565 15JAN2000
14608 15JAN2000
DATE TODAY SAS

.
ThisDate=date();
or
ThisDate=today();
11-31
11-32
11 SAS
INTCK
INTCK .
, , ..
INTCK:
INTCK('interval',from,to)
'interval'
from SAS , -,

to SAS , -,
.
(, -)
from.
,
, interval, :
DAY
WEEKDAY
WEEK
TENDAY
SEMIMONTH
MONTH
QTR
SEMIYEAR
YEAR
, Years
2.
Years=intck('year','15jun1999'd,'15jun2001'd);
, 24
Months.
Months=intck('month','15jun1999'd,'15jun2001'd);
, 0 Years,
364 .
Years=intck('year','01jan2002'd,'31dec2002'd);
11.5 SAS
INTCK .
. , WEEK
, , from.
MONTH , YEAR
01 .
. ,
Weeks, Months Years .
SAS
0
1
1
Weeks=intck('week','31dec2000'd,'01jan2001'd);
Months=intck('month','31dec2000'd,'01jan2001'd);
Years=intck('year','31dec2000'd,'01jan2001'd);
31 2000 . , WEEK
1 2001 .. , MONTH YEAR
.
INTCK
, .
, 20-
. INTCK
Hired .
data work.anniv20;
set flights.mechanics(keep=id lastname firstname hired);
Years=intck('year',hired,today());
if years=20 and month(hired)=month(today());
proc print data=work.anniv20;
title '20-Year Anniversaries This Month';
run;
1999 .
20-Year Anniversaries This Month

Obs ID LastName FirstName
1 1403 BOWDEN
EARL
Hired Years
24DEC79
20
2 1121 HERNANDEZ MICHAEL
10DEC79
20
3 1412 MURPHEY
08DEC79
20
JOHN
11-33
11-34
11 SAS
INTNX
INTNX INTCK. INTNX
, -
.
INTNX , , ,
..
INTNX:
INTNX('interval',start-from,increment<,'alignment'>)
'interval'
start-from SAS ,
increment ,

'alignment' () ,
.
(, -)
start-from increment.
,
, interval,
:
DAY
WEEKDAY
WEEK
TENDAY
SEMIMONTH
MONTH
QTR
SEMIYEAR
YEAR
, TargetYear
SAS 13515, 1 1997 .
TargetYear=intnx('year','05feb94'd,3);
, 1
2001 . TargetMonth.
TargetMonth=intnx('semiyear','01jan2001'd,1);
11.5 SAS
INTNX
, SAS ,
1 1960 . , INTNX
, , .. ,
?
alignment:
, .
INTNX,
:
BEGINNING B
MIDDLE M
END E

.
INTNX, alignment.
SAS
MonthX=intnx('month','01jan95'd,5,'b');
MonthX=intnx('month','01jan95'd,5,'m');
MonthX=intnx('month','01jan95'd,5,'e');

12935 (June 1, 1995)
12949 (June 15, 1995)
12964 (June 30, 1995)
INTNX ,
, alignment ,
. alignment ,
.
11-35
11-36
11 SAS
11.6.
, SAS
. ,
,
Hrd.Temp.

SAS
Name
LastName
CICHOCK, ELIZABETH MARIE

BENINCASA, HANNAH LEE
FirstName
CICHOCK
BENINCASA
ELIZABETH
HANNAH
MiddleName
MARIE
LEE

SAS
Phone
Phone
6224549
6223251
4334549
4333251
.
SAS
Job
filing, administrative duties
bookkeeping, word processing, accounting
11.6

, ,
. .
SCAN
SUBSTR
TRIM
INDEX
UPCASE
LOWCASE
SCAN
SCAN
. ,
, SCAN.
Hrd.Temp
Name. Name , , .
SAS Hrd.Temp
Agency
ID
Administrative Support, Inc. F274

OD Consulting, Inc.
F054
Name
SHERE, BRIAN THOMAS
11-37
11-38
11 SAS
, Name
: ,
.
SCAN .
SAS Hrd.Temp
Agency
ID

OD Consulting, Inc.
F054
LastName
FirstName MiddleName
CICHOCK
ELIZABETH MARIE
BENINCASA HANNAH
LEE
SHERE
BRIAN
THOMAS

SCAN ,
. ,
, , ,
SCAN .
, , . ,
, SCAN
HIGH.
. , ,
, .
209 RADCLIFFE ROAD, CENTER CITY, NY, 92716
, SCAN - NY.
11.6

SCAN,
.
, SAS
. , , ,
SCAN :
SCAN ,
, . , ,
.

SCAN,

. < ( + | & ! $ * ) ; ^ - / , %
SCAN
, , SCAN,
.
11-39
11-40
11 SAS
SCAN:
SCAN(argument,n,delimiters)
argument
n ,
delimiters ,
(' ').
SCAN
Hrd.Temp.
Name , , .
, ,
, , , .
SAS Hrd.Temp
Agency
Administrative
Administrative
OD Consulting,
New Time Temps
ID
Support, Inc. F274
Support, Inc. F101
Inc.
F054
Agency
F077
Name
SHERE, BRIAN THOMAS
HODNOFF, RICHARD LEE
11.6
LastName, ,
, SCAN:
LastName=scan(name,1,' ,');
, . ,
, , ..
, .
LastName=scan(name,1);
, LastName, FirstName MiddleName,

. , Name
.
data hrd.newtemp(drop=name);
set hrd.temp;
LastName=scan(name,1);
FirstName=scan(name,2);
MiddleName=scan(name,3);
run;

SCAN 200 .
(, ,
.) , ,
, LastName, FirstName MiddleName
200. ,
.
, LENGTH
. ..
SAS ,
, ,
LENGTH , SCAN.
data hrd.newtemp(drop=name);
set hrd.temp;
length LastName FirstName MiddleName $ 10;
lastname=scan(name,1);
firstname=scan(name,2);
middlename=scan(name,3);
run;
11-41
11-42
11 SAS
SCAN SUBSTR
SUBSTR SCAN. , .
SCAN SUBSTR
:
SCAN .
SUBSTR ,
.
SUBSTR ,
, .
. ,
ID .
ID.
SAS
Name
ID
Trentonson, Matthew Robert SO45467

SR32881
Truell, Marcia Elizabeth
SUBSTR
ID. SCAN ,
11.6
SUBSTR
SUBSTR
.
Hrd.Newtemp,
: LastName, FirstName MiddleName.
SAS Hrd.Newtemp
Agency
Administrative
Administrative
OD Consulting,
New Time Temps
Support, Inc.
Support, Inc.
Inc.
Agency
ID
LastName
FirstName
MiddleName
F274
F101
F054
F077
CICHOCK
BENINCASA
SHERE
HODNOFF
ELIZABETH
HANNAH
BRIAN
RICHARD
MARIE
LEE
THOMAS
LEE
,
. ,

MiddleInitial.
SAS Work.Newtemp
Agency
Administrative
Administrative
OD Consulting,
New Time Temps
Support, Inc.
Support, Inc.
Inc.
Agency
ID
LastName
FirstName
MiddleInitial
F274
F101
F054
F077
CICHOCK
BENINCASA
SHERE
HODNOFF
ELIZABETH
HANNAH
BRIAN
RICHARD
M
L
T
L
SUBSTR
, .
11-43
11-44
11 SAS
SUBSTR:
SUBSTR(argument,position,n)
argument
.
position .
n . n ,
.
SUBSTR,
MiddleName MiddleInitial.
SAS Hrd.Newtemp
Agency
Administrative
Administrative
OD Consulting,
New Time Temps
Support, Inc.
Support, Inc.
Inc.
Agency
ID
LastName
FirstName
MiddleName
F274
F101
F054
F077
CICHOCK
BENINCASA
SHERE
HODNOFF
ELIZABETH
HANNAH
BRIAN
RICHARD
MARIE
LEE
THOMAS
LEE
SUBSTR :
substr(middlename,1,1)
,
MiddleName. 1
. , .
data work.newtemp(drop=middlename);
set hrd.newtemp;
MiddleInitial=substr(middlename,1,1);
run;
MiddleInitial , MiddleName.
MiddleName .
11.6
SAS Work.Newtemp
Agency
Administrative
Administrative
OD Consulting,
New Time Temps
Support, Inc.
Support, Inc.
Inc.
Agency
ID
LastName
FirstName
MiddleInitial
F274
F101
F054
F077
CICHOCK
BENINCASA
SHERE
HODNOFF
ELIZABETH
HANNAH
BRIAN
RICHARD
M
L
T
L
SUBSTR
, .
SUBSTR. ,
.
, 622 433.
Phone Hrd.Temp,
.
SAS Hrd.Temp
City
State Zip
Phone
CARY
CARY
CHAPEL HILL
RALEIGH
NC
NC
NC
NC
6224549
6223251
9974749
6970450
27513
27513
27514
27612
PayRate Days Hours

10
8
40
15
11
25
26
10
88
200
208
80
StartDate EndDate
14567
14524
14570
14516
14621
14565
14608
14527
11-45
11-46
11 SAS
SUBSTR
. SUBSTR,
, .
SUBSTR(argument,position,n)
, ,
. n
, .
SUBSTR
SAS SUBSTR
, .
,
.
, SUBSTR ,
.
substr(region,1,3)='NNW';
SUBSTR ,
,
. ,
Test 92,
:
substr(test,4,2)='92';
Test
Test
S7381K2
S7381K7
S7392K2
S7392K7
11.6
, , SUBSTR
622 Phone:
data hrd.temp2;
set hrd.temp;
substr(phone,1,3)='433';
run;
, 433
Phone, 1 , .
SAS Hrd.Temp
City
State Zip
CARY
NC
CARY
NC
CHAPEL HILL NC
Phone
27513 6224549
27513 6223251
27514 9974749
StartDate EndDate
14567
14524
14570
14621
14565
14608
PayRate Days Hours

10
8
40
11
25
26
88
200
208
433 Phone.
Phone, 622.
,
Phone. , SUBSTR
.
data hrd.temp2(drop=exchange);
set hrd.temp;
Exchange=substr(phone,1,3);
substr(phone,1,3)='433';
run;
IF-THEN
Exchange. - 622,
Phone.
data hrd.temp2(drop=exchange);
set hrd.temp;
Exchange=substr(phone,1,3);
if exchange='622' then substr(phone,1,3)='433';
run;
, Phone
.
11-47
11-48
11 SAS
SAS Hrd.Temp2
City
State Zip
CARY
NC
CARY
NC
CHAPEL HILL NC
Phone
StartDate EndDate
27513 4334549
27513 4333251
27514 9974749
14567
14524
14570
14621
14565
14608
PayRate Days Hours

10
8
40
11
25
26
88
200
208
SUBSTR.
SUBSTR ,
.
SUBSTR
, .
substr(region,1,3)='NNW';
TRIM
TRIM .
TRIM, , Hrd.Temp.
Hrd.Temp : Address,
City, State Zip.
SAS Hrd.Temp
Agency
ID
Name
Address
Administrative Support, Inc. F274 CICHOCK, ELIZABETH MARIE 65 ELM DR

Administrative Support, Inc. F101 BENINCASA, HANNAH LEE
11 SUN DR
City State Zip
CARY NC
CARY NC
Phone
27513 6224549
27513 6223251

14567
14524
14621 10
14565 8
11
25
88
200
11.6
,
Address, City Zip. (..
, State
.)
SAS Hrd.NewTemp
Agency
ID
Administrative Support, Inc.

Administrative Support, Inc.
F274 CICHOCK, ELIZABETH MARIE

F101 BENINCASA, HANNAH LEE
NewAddress
Phone
65 ELM DR, CARY, 27513 6224549

11 SUN DR, CARY, 27513 6223251
Name

14567
14524
14621 10
14565 8
11
25
88
200
.
,
(||), .
data hrd.newtemp(drop=address city state zip);
set hrd.temp;
NewAddress=address||', '||city||', '||zip;
run;
(||) .
, Address, City Zip
,
. , ,
, . NewAddress
, .
,
.
, , NewAddress
, .
.
11-49
11-50
11 SAS
SAS Hrd.NewTemp
NewAddress
65 ELM DRIVE
11 SUN DRIVE
712 HARDWICK STREET
5372 WHITEBUD ROAD
,
,
,
,
CARY
CARY
CHAPEL HILL
RALEIGH
,
,
,
,
27513
27513
27514
27612
NewAddress - ,
.
,
, SAS .
Address
Length=32
City
Length=15
Zip
Length=5
|65 ELM DRIVE--------------------| |RALEIGH--------| |27612|

|11 SUN DRIVE--------------------| |DURHAM---------| |27713|
|712 HARDWICK STREET-------------| |CHAPEL HILL----| |27514|
,
NewAddress,
. Zip
.
NewAddress
Length=60
|65 ELM DRIVE--------------------,RALEIGH--------,27612|
|11 SUN DRIVE--------------------,DURHAM---------,27713|
|712 HARDWICK STREET-------------,CHAPEL HILL----,27514|
11.6
TRIM
.
TRIM:
TRIM(argument)
argument ,
: trim(address)
: trim(left(id)).
NewAddress,
TRIM . Address
City.
data hrd.newtemp(drop=address city state zip);
set hrd.temp;
NewAddress=trim(address)||', '||trim(city)||', '||zip;
run;
NewAddress,
.
SAS Hrd.Newtemp
NewAddress
65 ELM DRIVE, CARY, 27513
11 SUN DRIVE, CARY, 27513
712 HARDWICK STREET, CHAPEL HILL, 27514
5372 WHITEBUD ROAD, RALEIGH, 27612
11-51
11-52
11 SAS
, TRIM , .
, , ,
.
,
, .
. , ,
Address Street.
Street,
, 20.
data temp;
set hrd.temp;
length Street $ 20;
Street=trim(address);
run;
Address
Length=32
Street
Length=20
|65 ELM DRIVE--------------------| |65 ELM DRIVE--------|

|11 SUN DRIVE--------------------| |11 SUN DRIVE--------|
|712 HARTWICK STREET-------------| |712 HARTWICK STREET-|
INDEX
INDEX
. INDEX ,
.
, 0.
, Job,
. ,
,
.
SAS Hrd.Temp
Job
Contact
Dept
word processing
WORD PROCESSOR DP
filing, administrative duties ADMIN. ASST.
PURH
organizational dev. specialist CONSULTANT
PERS
Site
26
57
34
11.6
INDEX .
INDEX:
INDEX(source,excerpt)
source
excerpt ,
(' ').
Job,
INDEX, . , ,
.
index(job,'word processing')
, , INDEX
IF. ,
, 0, .
data hrd.datapool;
set hrd.temp;
if index(job,'word processing') > 0;
run;
, ,
.
SAS Hrd.Datapool
Job
Contact
Dept
Site
word processing
bookkeeping, word processing
word processing, sec. work
word processing
word processing, sec. work
word processing
word processing
WORD PROCESSOR
BOOKKEEPER AST
WORD PROCESSOR
BOOKKEEPER AST
WORD PROCESSOR
WORD PROCESSOR
WORD PROCESSOR
WORD PROCESSOR
DP
BK
DP
BK
DP
PUB
DP
DP
26
57
95
44
59
38
44
90
11-53
11-54
11 SAS
, INDEX ,
, , ,
, . , INDEX,
, ,
.
index(job,'WORD PROCESSING')
SAS Hrd.Temp
Job
Contact
Dept
Site
word processing
organizational dev. specialist
WORD PROCESSOR
ADMIN. ASST.
CONSULTANT
BOOKKEEPER ASST.
DP
PURH
PERS
BK
26
57
34
57

UPCASE LOWCASE
INDEX , ,
. UPCASE LOWCASE
.
, INDEX.
index(upcase(job),'WORD PROCESSING')
index(lowcase(job),'word processing')
UPCASE
UPCASE .
UPCASE:
UPCASE(argument)
argument SAS , ,
.
11.6
, UPCASE
Hrd.Temp. Job
.
SAS Hrd.Temp
Job
word processing
organizational dev. specialist
Contact
WORD PROCESSOR
ADMIN. ASST.
CONSULTANT
BOOKKEEPER ASST.
Dept
DP
PURH
PERS
BK
Site
26
57
34
57
Job , UPCASE
:
upcase(job)
, .
Job .
data hrd.newtemp;
set hrd.temp;
Job=upcase(job);
run;
,
Job.
SAS Hrd.Newtemp
Job
Contact
Dept Site
WORD PROCESSING
FILING, ADMINISTRATIVE DUTIES
ORGANIZATIONAL DEV. SPECIALIST
BOOKKEEPING, WORD PROCESSING
WORD PROCESSOR
ADMIN. ASST.
CONSULTANT
BOOKKEEPER ASST.
DP
PURH
PERS
BK
26
57
34
57
11-55
11-56
11 SAS
LOWCASE
LOWCASE .
LOWCASE:
LOWCASE(argument)
argument SAS , ,
.
LOWCASE.
Title .
lowcase(title)
LOWCASE .
LOWCASE
Contact .
SAS Hrd.Temp
Job
Contact
Dept Site
word processing
WORD PROCESSOR DP
26
filing, administrative duties ADMIN. ASST.
PURH 57
organizational dev. specialist CONSULTANT
PERS 34
data hrd.newtemp;
set hrd.temp;
Contact=lowcase(contact);
run;
, .
Contact.
SAS Hrd.Newtemp
Job
Contact
Dept Site
word processing
word processor DP
26
filing, administrative duties admin. asst.
PURH 57
organizational dev. specialist consultant
PERS 34
11.6
TRANWRD
TRANWRD .
TRANWRD:
TRANWRD(source,target,replacement)
source ,
target , SAS source
replacement , target.
target replacement
. ,
(' ' " ").
TRANWRD
. , Name,
Monroe Manson.
name=tranwrd(name,'Monroe','Manson')
TRANWRD . ,
TRANWRD
Miss Mrs. Ms..
SAS Work.Before
Name
Mrs.
Miss
Mrs.
Miss
Millicent Garrett Fawcett

Charlotte Despard
Emmeline Pankhurst
Sylvia Pankhurst
11-57
11-58
11 SAS
data work.after;
set work.before;
name=tranwrd(name,'Miss','Ms.');
name=tranwrd(name,'Mrs.','Ms.');
run;
, .
Name.
SAS Work.After
Name
Ms.
Ms.
Ms.
Ms.
Millicent Garrett Fawcett

Charlotte Despard
Emmeline Pankhurst
Sylvia Pankhurst

, SAS

SAS
.
SAS
. :
, .
, ,
.
11.6
INT
INT . INT
.
INT:
INT(argument)
argument ,
.
, ,
INT.
SAS
Work.After
SAS
Work.Before
Examples
326.54
98.20
-32.66
1401.75
data work.after;
set work.before;
Examples=int(examples);
run;
Examples
326
98
-32
1401
11-59
11-60
11 SAS
ROUND
ROUND .
ROUND:
ROUND(argument,round-off-unit)
argument ,
.
round-off-unit .
, , ,
- 1, . ,
, ,
ROUND.
SAS
Work.After
SAS
Work.Before
Examples
326.54
98.20
-32.66
1401.75
data work.after;
set work.before;
Examples=round(examples,.2);
run;
Examples
326.60
98.20
-32.60
1401.80
SAS,
, SAS Language Reference: Concepts
SAS Language Reference: Dictionary.

Программирование на языке SAS. Основы (Материалы курса) - 2008 PDF

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SAS:

1 SAS/Base ...... 1-1

2 SAS .... 2-1

8 SQL .......... 8-1

1.1 ... 1-3

NOTE: The data set CLINIC.ADMIT2 has 21

proc print data=clinic.admit2;

NOTE: The PROCEDURE PRINT used 0.2 seconds.

Sex Age Date Height Weight ActLevel

*Data Set Name*Data Set Label

Data Set Name:

Name, Sex, Age, Weight. SAS

Type Length Format

Type Length Format

Type Length Format

2.1 .... 2-3

SAS , drag and

3.1 .... 3-3

DB2 for OS/390

Physical Name: C:\WINNT\Profiles\Personal\My SAS Files\V8

C:\WINNT\Profiles\Personal\My SAS Files\V8

Memtype File Size Last Modified

4.1 .......................................................................... 4-3

(Dynamic Data Exchange DDE),

- Name$, age, growth, weight.

3 8.93 9.08 9.17

AerClass WalkJogRun Swim

Obs Age Height Weight

Age Height Weight Fee

Obs Age Height Weight

where name='Jones, C.';

where temp ne 212;

where partno lt "BG05";

where pulse le 85;

where age<=55 and pulse>75;

where actlevel='LOW' or actlevel='MOD';

where actlevel in ('LOW','MOD');

where (age<=55 and pulse>75) or area='A';

where age<=55 and (pulse>75 or area='A');

Obs Age Height Weight

Obs Age Height Weight

Obs Age Height Weight

Obs Age Height Weight

ActLevel Age Height Weight

ActLevel Age Height Weight

ActLevel Age Height Weight

ActLevel Age Height Weight

AerClass Walk/Jog/Run Swim

format date mmddyy6.;

format net comma5.0

format net gross dollar9.2; DOLLAR9.2

Obs ActLevel Fee

Heart Rates for Patients with

Obs RestHR MaxHR RecHR

Data from Treadmill Tests

5.1 FORMAT ............................................................. 5-3

Obs FirstName LastName JobTitle Salary

Obs FirstName LastName JobTitle

assoc. technical writer 25309.00

senior technical writer 32696.78

assoc. technical writer 25309.00

senior technical writer 31875.46

Data Set NameData Set Label