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UNDERLYING TENSIONS
3.
4.
5.
1945
SOVIET
AGGRESSION
1946
only
withdrew
in
May
after
the
USA
took
the
issue
to
the
United
Nations
(UN)
Political
Pressure
on
Turkey
12. The
USSR
applied
political
pressure
on
Turkey
through
Stalins
public
campaigns
for
the
annexation
of
Turkish
territories
and
the
establishment
of
Soviet
bases
in
the
Turkish
Straits,
which
was
perceived
as
further
expressions
of
Soviet
expansionism
that
fuelled
American
fears
of
the
spread
of
communism
Berlin
Blockade
13. The
Berlin
Blockade
represented
the
culmination
of
superpower
disputes
over
the
administration
of
Germany,
as
it
was
a
Soviet
attempt
to
force
the
USA
and
its
Western
allies
to
cancel
their
plans
to
create
a
West
German
state
which
was
seen
to
be
impending
with
the
creation
of
a
common
currency
for
the
3
Western
zones
in
June
1948,
in
order
to
forestall
what
they
deemed
as
the
precursor
to
the
revival
of
an
economically
strong
and
rearmed
Germany
that
posed
a
security
threat
14. The
blockade
in
June
1948,
which
manifested
through
a
land
and
rail
blockade
that
denied
West
Berlin
of
vital
supplies,
was
deemed
by
the
USA
and
its
Western
allies
as
Soviet
aggression
aimed
at
expanding
its
influence
over
Germany
in
a
bid
to
prevent
its
economic
revival
that
would
encourage
European
economic
growth
which
would
undermine
the
appeal
of
communism
15. Such
fears
regarding
such
Soviet
expansionism
thus
motivated
a
Western
response
in
the
form
of
an
airlift
of
supplies
amounting
to
6000
tons
daily
until
May
1949
when
the
USSR
ended
the
blockade,
as
means
of
preventing
a
withdrawal
from
Berlin
that
would
have
demonstrated
US
failure
in
protecting
Germany
from
Soviet
aggression
and
thus
motivate
further
Soviet
expansionism
facilitating
the
spread
of
communism
16. Soviet
aggression
and
American
retaliation
during
the
blockade
thus
embodied
superpower
confrontation
over
irreconcilable
aims
regarding
the
political
settlement
of
Germany,
and
thus
the
Berlin
Blockade
represented
the
full
manifestation
of
superpower
rivalry
rather
than
the
declaration
of
superpower
conflict
1945
AMERICAN
AGGRESSION
1
9
4
6
1
9
4
7
1.
1.
Formation
of
NATO
1.
The
Berlin
Blockade
was
an
episode
of
Soviet
aggression
that
stoked
Western
European
concerns
regarding
such
future
aggression.
Such
concerns
resulted
in
Western
European
calls
for
renewed
American
military
commitment
to
Europe,
which
culminated
in
the
formation
of
the
North
Atlantic
Treaty
Organisation
(NATO)
in
April
1949.
NATO
provided
for
a
permanent
American
military
presence
in
Europe
and
thus
protection
for
its
Western
European
members
against
future
Soviet
aggression
2.
West
Germanys
integration
into
NATO
in
1955
led
to
the
formation
of
the
Warsaw
Pact
which
encompassed
the
USSR
and
its
Eastern
European
satellites
in
retaliation
to
West
Germanys
re-militarisation
after
the
Korean
War
that
was
deemed
as
an
American-directed
cultivation
of
a
security
threat
against
the
USSR
and
its
satellites