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Nikko B.

Repato

2MKM2

TF 7:00-8:30AM

Four Groups of Musical Instruments

BRASS

1.

Trumpet is a musical instrument commonly used


in classical and jazz ensembles. The trumpet group
contains the instruments with the highest register in
the brass family. Trumpet-like instruments have

historically been used as signaling devices in battle or hunting, with examples


dating back to at least 1500 BC; they began to be used as musical instruments
only in the late-14th or early 15th century.

2. Tuba is the largest and lowest-pitched musical instrument in


the brass family. Like all brass instruments, sound is produced
by vibrating or "buzzing" the lips into a large
cupped mouthpiece. It first appeared in the mid 19th-century,

making it one of the newer instruments in the modern orchestra and concert
band.

3. French horn (since the 1930s known simply as the "horn" in


professional music circles) is a brass instrument made of
tubing wrapped into a coil with a flared bell. The double horn
in F/B (technically a variety of German horn) is the horn most often used by
players in professional orchestras and bands.

4. Trombone is a musical
instrument in the brass family. Like all brass instruments, sound is produced when the
players vibrating lips (embouchure) cause the air column inside the instrument to
vibrate. Nearly all trombones have a telescoping slide mechanism that varies the length
of the instrument to change the pitch.

PERCUSSION

1. Chime is an (bell instrument), array of large bells,


typically housed in a tower and played from a keyboard.
An instrument of this kind with 23 bells or more is known
as a carillon. The chimes produced by a striking clock
to announce the hours.
2. Cymbals are used in many ensembles ranging from the
orchestra, percussion ensembles, jazz bands, heavy metal bands, and marching
groups. Drum kits usually incorporate at least a crash, ride or crash/ride, and a pair

of hi-hat cymbals.
3. Triangle is an idiophone type of musical instrument in the percussion family. It is a
bar of metal, usually steel but sometimes other metals like
beryllium copper, bent into a triangle shape.

4.

Glockenspiel is

a percussion instrument composed of a set of tuned keys


arranged in the fashion of the keyboard of a piano. In this way,
it is similar to the xylophone; however, the xylophone's bars
are made of wood, while the Glockenspiel's are metal plates or tubes, thus making
it a metallophone.
5). Kettledrum, percussion instrument in
which a membrane is stretched over a
hemispheric or similar-shaped shell and held
taut, usually by a hoop with rope lacings,
adjusting screws, or various mechanical
devices; in some varieties the lacings may
pierce the skin directly or the membrane may be tied on with a thong. When struck by
sticks or, less commonly, by the hands, the membrane produces a sound of identifiable
pitch. The form of the sound wave is neither completely known, nor are the acoustic
roles of the shells shape and the volume of air it encloses.

STRINGS

1. The double bass or simply the bass (and numerous other


names) is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string
instrument in the modern symphony orchestra. It is
a transposing instrument and is typically notated
one octave higher than sounding to avoid excessive ledger
lines.

2.

The violin is a wooden string instrument in the violin family. It

is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use. [1] The
violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly
played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by
plucking the strings (pizzicato).
3.

The viola is a bowed string instrument. It is slightly larger than a violin in


size and has a lower and deeper sound than a violin.
Since the 18th century it has been the middle voice of
the violin family, between the violin (which is tuned
a perfect fifth above it) and the cello (which is tuned
an octave below it).

4. The cello is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. The
strings from low to high are generally tuned to C2, G2, D3
and A3. It is a member of the violin family of musical
instruments, which also includes the violin and viola.

5.

The harp is a stringed musical instrument which has a number of


individual strings running at an angle to its soundboard, which are
plucked with the fingers. Harps have been known since antiquity
in Asia, Africa, and Europe, dating back at least as early as 3500
BC.

WOODWINDS
1. The flute is a family of musical instruments in the woodwind group. Unlike
woodwind instruments with reeds, a flute is anaerophone or reedless wind
instrument that produces its sound from the flow of air across an opening.
According to the instrument classification of HornbostelSachs, flutes
are categorized as edge-blown aerophones.
2. Oboes are a family of double reed woodwind musical instruments. The most
common oboe plays in the treble or soprano range. Oboes are usually
made of wood, but there are also oboes made of synthetic materials. A
soprano oboe measures roughly 65 cm (25 12 in) long, with
metal keys, a conical bore and a flared bell.
3.

The clarinet is a musical-instrument family belonging to the group


known as the woodwind instruments. It has a singlereedmouthpiece, a straight cylindrical tube with an almost
cylindrical bore, and a flared bell. A person who plays a clarinet
is called a clarinetist
4. The bass clarinet is a musical instrument of the clarinet family.
Like the more common soprano B clarinet, it is usually pitched in
B(meaning it is a transposing instrument on which a written C
sounds as B), but it plays notes an octave below the soprano
Bclarinet.

5. The piccolo is a half-size flute, and a member of


the woodwind family of musical instruments. The modern piccolo has
most of the same fingerings as its larger sibling, the standard
transverse flute, but the sound it produces is an octave higher than
written.
6. English horn, French cor
anglais, German Englischhorn, orchestral
woodwind instrument, a large oboe pitched a fifth below
the ordinary oboe, with a bulbous bell and, at the top
end, a bent metal crook on which the double reed is
placed. It is pitched in F, being written a fifth higher than
it sounds.
7. The bassoon is a woodwind instrument in the double reed family that typically
plays music written in the bass and tenor clefs, and
occasionally the treble. Appearing in its modern form in
the 19th century, the bassoon figures prominently
in orchestral, concert band, and chamber music literature.

The Contrabassoon or Double Bassoon is mainly a


supplementary rather than a core orchestral
instrument, and is most frequently found in larger
symphonic works, often doubling the bass
trombone or tuba at the octave. Frequent exponents of
such scoring were Brahms and Mahler, as well
as Richard Strauss, and Dmitri Shostakovich. The first
composer to write a separate contrabassoon part in a
symphony was Beethoven, in his Fifth Symphony (1808) (it can also be heard providing
the bass line in the brief "Janissary band" section of the fourth movement of
his Symphony No. 9.

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