European Journal of Scientific Research

ISSN 1450-216X Vol.27 No.3(2009), pp.463-471

EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2009
http://www.eurojournals.com/ejsr.htm

The Approach of Educational Philosophy in Overcoming

Social Problem
Aminuddin Hassan
Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
E-mail: aamin@educ.upm.edu.my
Tel: +6(0)3-8946 8187; Fax: +6(0)3-8946 8246
Lukman Z. Mohamad
Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities
National University of Malaysia, 43650 UKM Bangi Selangor
E-mail: lukmanzm@hotmail.com
Tel: +6(0)3-8921 3918; Fax: +6(0)3-8925 2863
Habsah Ismail
Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
E-mail: habsah@educ.upm.edu.my
Tel: +6(0)3-8946 8209; Fax: +6(0)3-8946 8246
Salwana Yusoff
Faculty of Educational Studies
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explore the philosophy of education approaches in
solving social problems. These approaches are also considering the perspectives of some
popular denomination and branches of philosophy of education that constantly discussing
about social problem. This paper stressed that social problem is not just by seeing only
from the mechanism; its also upon the basis on how it occurred or to avoid with wise
evaluation on it.

Keywords: Philosophy of Education, Social Problems, Wisdom

1. Background
Social problem had been arisen since the process of civilization, and had become the disease in
humans culture and custom. In reality, the crisis is just not become a polemic to the developing
countries, but also to the Third World countries. Even though Malaysia is well known with the robust
economy and stable in political field, nevertheless, it has encounters with the same situation.
Malaysia is a country which is being in the process of paradigm shift and full of the
development of technology that make it being at the same level with the other developing countries.

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However, globalization and modernization had brought together the positive and negative element
towards the society. Both of the elements need to be faced as a challenge in modern life. Nevertheless,
the development or positive values still can be accepted as long as not dissent with religion, culture,
and societys norm.
However, within the time of this development, social problem has increases and collapses the
societys structure in this country. Within the system of the society, teenagers are most vulnerable to be
influence with, and most of them had loose their focus towards their life. Modernization and
globalization had changed their behavior, lifestyle, and their thinking. The developments are misuse by
them, by involving in unhealthy activities, ruined their future and indirectly ruin the hope of state
towards them. Many of the teenagers involve in hedonistic culture, refuse to think, and not serious in
facing the reality of life. The lost of that focus had made them become a predicament to this country.

2. Viewing Social Problem from the Perspectives of Philosophy

Analyze Social Problem through the Movement of Existentialism
The existentialisms philosophy movement believes that the basic of development comes from spiritual
or else the individuals mentality itself. The existentialism thinkers give humans an authority to create
the meaning and essence of their lives, thus, they will also be responsible to their act. In the other
words, human itself be responsible to invariable the sense of spirituality in life, and determine the right
or wrong. Generally, social problem such as gangsterism, drug addiction, run away from home and
others were admitted by teenagers themselves, which want to determine an act for their soul. They will
also create whatever actions in order to gain that purpose, including against the rule. Moreover,
existentialism concentrates to the affective element; physically and mentally, which become the main
role and should be control so that social problem can be prevented.
Furthermore, existentialism believes that in educating an individual, punishment and cane are
the inappropriate way. It is because; within this solution, the individual is actually had been persuaded
to react in a negative way. Based on this movement, there is no values constrain because individual
needs to look back to the purpose of life moralities. It is because; social problem is just not bother
individuals life, but also change the structure of societys happiness.
Moreover, existentialisms movement found out that thinking is the main medium to evaluate
self action. An individual needs to know well himself and the purpose of his life. He also needs a
feeling of guilty and at the same time make an effort to change from wrong side. In this situation,
education system that achieve by individuals is able to guide them to the purpose of their life. At the
same, education that had been achieved can help the individual in looking at the reality of life; from
negative and positive side. Thus, all of the acts are not dissent with spiritual element and accepted by
the society (Puolimatka, 2008). This indirectly can prevent social problem nowadays.
Analyze Social Problem through the Movement of Pragmatism
Based on pragmatism movement, social problem can be discussed in widely scope and focus to the
main purpose because this movement specializes toward holistic and humanistic concepts in shaping
individual personality. According to pragmatism thinker, education should turn as the main solution in
social problem within the practice of individuals moral values. Morality and human development are
shaped by thinking on how to achieve positive purpose.
Pragmatism movement emphasizes the practical and scientific element in life. They go against
metaphysical issues as they claim it is too abstract, difficult to be proving and applying in life (Dewey,
1956). The principe of pragmatism movement is essentially pointing the social surroundings, which
mean human behavior is the impact of surroundings experiences. Generally, individual as a social
organism is always interacting toward his surrounding. The surroundings experience such as the
influence from friends, the surrounding of the teenager itself are the main factors he becomes actively
involve in social problem. The teenager is persuading to do the same as his friends and family

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members, without considering the implication for every action. Besides, it is humans natural tendency
to imitate.
Pragmatism movement also believes that an individual value is relative and change when
societys culture encounters changes. This shows that societys culture or values change by the changes
in that society (Daley, 1966). For example, furious development had changed societys lifestyle.
Current study shows that teenagers are easy to be influence within that modernization. As a result, they
were involved with free relationship and had neglected the sense of faithfulness. Moreover, the
influence by their friend will make them involve in loafing and other social problems such as drug
addiction, alcoholism, gambling, watching pornography film, practice caution sex and etc.
The philosophies of pragmatisms movement are considering education as the needs of life and
able to prevent an individual from social problem. The system of study which focuses to the spiritual
can help student coping with any surroundings, without the sense of fright and influencing the
behavior. Thus, it helps the individual become morally person. This is because; pragmatism belief is
just not standing on mind, but also based on religion values.
Analyze Social Problem through the Movement of Idealism
Idealism movement believes to the principe of the basic existence is soul or individual thinking itself.
According to idealism perspective, values are defined as a relative. In this situation, the deed by
student is based on good or bad concept which defines by others. Based on idealism movement which
point out the important of mind, the individuals assessment needs to be done in logically. For
example, when a teenager is trying to refuse the law and humanity, as well as stealing, drug addiction,
bullies and others, they should think the good and bad from that action.
According to idealism movement, the educator must attempts to intensely provide the elements
of spiritual, natural and focusing to the sense of harmony toward human and natures. If the teachers
give maximally concentration to the use of mind, hopefully the student with maturely and logically
thinking can be provided through the assessment. It is teachers responsibilities to improve the
behavior and the background of negative student to become a positive person. Furthermore, in the
idealism movement, values and ethics are the absolute things. Students are knowledgeable to be good
and obey Gods commands. On the other hand, school becomes a place to develop tradition values and
there is no extremely bad student. It is because, based on this movement, students create mistakes
without moral levels and it can be improved if they were educated since at the early age.
In idealism, the main purpose of education is to improve behavior, encourage the understanding
attitude, patient, tolerant and practice the moral values through rational thinking (Edling, 2007). Thus,
the moral growth and student cognitive, and also obey to their God and parents can be encouraged.
Indirectly, this effort is able to prevent all the negative habit.

3. Philosophy of Education in overcoming the Social Problem

Philosophy is the discipline of knowledge which includes the way of examine, analyze, thinking in
radical and systematic ways, in order to discover the truth. Philosophy is also elementally
comprehensive which include every aspect, such as in discussing social problem. It admits the
existence of social problem as unhealthy phenomena. Hence, philosophize an issue is the affective way
in looking the truth of the social problems existence among society.
Philosophy teaches human to be fair, in order to find the truth of matter. This purpose can be
achieved if we look back to the meaning of the matter from any early perception. Philosophy is able to
let an individual thinks in reflectively; deeply looking trough the reality of social problems existence
and the implication toward the development of mankind. Besides, philosophy will encourage human to
find the answer based on the reason and the consequence, and make a reasonable hypothesis based on
the entire problem. For example, by looking on the issue of drug addiction among teenagers, we will
look for the reason and consequence of this immoral activity to everyone around them.

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Philosophy of educations view in overcome social problem is by entirely achieving the balance
of individual growth, which can attained through physically exercise, mind, and normal human self.
Thus, education needs to entire the whole growth of students natural tendency aspect, such as
spiritual, intellectual, and language; by individually and collectively. The entire of this aspect will
encourage student to gain goodness and perfection in their life (Puolimatka, 2008).
Based on widely meaning, education is the entire situation in life that influence individual
growth or lifelong learning experience, which there is no limitation on time, place, schools types,
location and such activities (Puolimatka, 2008). Its meaning implicit in the educations purpose. Thus,
philosophy of education should become the main medium in creating personal view to prevent social
problem, which is able to fulfill the human characters, as well as faithfulness, well behave,
knowledgeable, and ready to take responsibilities in every aspects, including toward individual itself,
family unit, society, nation and the entire human life. Social problem can be prevented if the teenagers
gain the elements of mankind, which can also develop our though, including the entire mind and
personality (Philips & Callan, 2001).
Education in todays context requires judiciousness and dynamic ability in order to discover the
solution of human problem through the globalization (Puolimatka, 2008). The teenagers as the heir of
nation to govern this country should have the right idealism and purpose. Therefore, teenagers should
been provided with good self management, so that they will become more confident, self prepared, and
physically powerful in coping the challenge. As a result, they can create a systematic life and based on
faithfulness and trustworthy principe. Besides, teenagers should be educated to always making an
attempt in majoring knowledge and the role of knowledge, as well as generating nation and mankind
(Philips & Callan, 2001).
The process of educating the quality and excellent teenagers with mission and vision is not the
easy role, and just not only the responsibility of once body. The whole things need more learning and
experiencing process (Puolimatka, 2008). This is because, the individual appearance and authority are
very important in order to cope with todays challenge globalization. The teenagers which had been
provided with knowledge and good personality should become judicious and established person in
widely issues.
Ironically, the teenagers have the limitation of ability, views, and judiciousness. Thus, aqli and
naqli knowledges need to balance so that every problem can be looking with spiritually and strength
soul, as well as from external and material side. Generally, teenagers have high energy and strong
rebels (Hurlock, 1973). They are too emotional, but highly spiritual. So, they need to be educated in
order to make their soul and braveness are using in the right way. By preparing them to be able to
accept opinion of the other and able to lead a conversation, both can release teenagers to their
surrounding.
Additionally, the branches of philosophy of education are able to help toward social problem
among the teenagers from a different side, such as metaphysic, epistemology, axiology, and logic
based on the relate issues.
The Appropriate Solution of Social Problem from the Aspect of Metaphysics
Social problem that occurs nowadays can be looked through philosophy of metaphysics education,
which focuses on reality or latest existence. Metaphysic also questioning the issues such as nature,
physically or mentally, life and believes, spiritual and the Gods existence. The branches of metaphysic
that characterize the spirituality urge human to do the good thing. The experience of metaphysic
concept in life will provides direction to gain a healthy lifestyle and fulfill the norm of society. The
diminution of metaphysic concept consciousness is one of the causes of morality lack. It is because, as
individuals which believe on God, they will not break the rule of soul since they admit that there was
reciprocation for every act.
Todays life scenario with the increases of social morality proves that there is sense of limp in
belief. One of the causes of social problem is there are less of belief on God. When this happens, then

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individual has been urged to do things without considers the effect on himself and others. According to
the Quran, the main enemy of human is human itself.
Whatever good, (O man!) happens to thee, is from Allah. But whatever evil happens to
thee is from thy (own) soul. And We have sent thee as an apostle to (instruct) mankind.
And enough is Allah for a witness. (Quran, Al. Nisa: 79)
A brittle pious hope in human self will urges them to occur badly and sinfully things. Social
problem such as casual sex, indecent assault, homosexual, drug addiction, commit suicide,
gangsterism, and others were caused by individual which is not practice their exact religion. In fact,
there is no belief in this world that permit such things from occur.
Furthermore, fail to balance the aspects of physically and spiritually in once life will also cause
social problem (Mayer, 2000). For example, commit suicides case among teenagers was caused by the
individuals themselves, particularly their internal conflict (Tyssen, Vaglum, Gronvold & Ekeberg,
2001; Stewart, Donaghey Deary & Ebmeier, 2008). Besides, the factor of spiritual intelligence also
interrelates with social problem that occurs nowadays (Parker, Taylor, Eastbrook, Schell & Wood,
2008). The individual who has high spiritual intelligence is able to prevent himself from the negative
manner (Farrelly & Austin, 2007). It is because; spiritual intelligence is the ability of someone to
understand himself and employ it to gain an impressive decision in his life (Goleman, 1996).
According to Goleman (1996), the persons that have spiritual intelligence are able to control a sense of
disappointment, sadness and the other negative feelings in good manners.
Intensely, social problem were also caused by humans nature themselves. Humans are Allah
s.w.ts creatures which are easy to be incautious, imprudent, and also easy to be urged. Moreover, the
sense of curiosity and the desires to try something new are also their basic characters. However, once
the natural tendency employ in a wrong manner, then it come the entire predicament. Terribly, the
implicate individual is not thinking about the consequences and effect of his deed (Mayer, 2000).
Consequently, the branch of philosophy of metaphysics extremely pointed on spiritual as a
good solution for all social problems (Mayer, 2000). Based on Nabi Muhammad S.A.Ws hadith;
I leave behind me two things, the Quran and my example, the Sunnah and if you
follow these you will never go astray.
Each individual should be educated with religious conviction and spiritually strength by their
parent since their early age. This is because the individuals that strongly believe on God will fear to
commit any wrong, for they believe that there is reciprocation on the Judgments Day. They certainly
realize the reciprocation and condemnation based on one punishment. Thus, we as the Allah s.w.ts
creatures must always do the good to gain a reward from Allah, and not just concentrate to the world.
Anyone who give an intention to his/her judgment day, Allah will nourish his/her
matter and generous to his/her heart, until worldly and it luxury came to him/her. And
anyone who is too concentrate to his/her world, Allah will badly treat his/her matter
and showed the destitution in front of his/her eyes, while the world and the luxury will
not came to him/her, but only what had determined by God. (Hadith of Tarmizi)
The Appropriate Solution of Social Problem from the Aspect of Epistemology
Social problem should be looking in depth understanding by using epistemology, which is based on the
approach of philosophy of education. Epistemology can be interpreted as a knowledge which makes
people thinks on how to understand the world and how to communicate, which acts as knowledge
for universal usage (Abdul Fatah, 2001). It is because, knowledge can be seen as the important part to
civilize and establish human. Through knowledge, social problem in society might be reduced.
Within Islam, humans should learn and apply the knowledge in their life as long as it is right.
Ironically, even though people nowadays have high education background, they essentially not employ
the entire knowledge in their life. As a result, social problem will be increase, as people are not
applying the knowledge in their difficult situation. The scenario might be worse, when they are not
only giving a negative impact to themselves, but also to their family, society and nation.

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According to Philips and Callan, the process of acceptance knowledge will produce an
individual, who knows and finds a method to prevent the involvement in social problem. Someone who
is knowledgeable has the ability to avoid social problem in his surroundings, and be able to prevent a
negative socio-culture. As a result, people since their young age must be educated with the element of
knowledge and each individual should practices this aspect in order to gain a better life.
Purposely, the learning process within formal or informal is to educate human, to thinks and
evaluates several situation whether they are right or wrong. Unfortunately, the knowledge of value and
ethic which had been learned was not practiced by individual who involved in social problem.
In our country, social problem had given a negative impact to the development of our nation.
Nowadays, the phenomena such as drug addiction, casual sex, and alcoholism had become a serious
problem in our country. All of these problems can be seen through epistemology aspect, in order to
find the solution. Through epistemology view, it shows that an individual who taking drug (drug
addict) is actually does not know what he has done, because he is confuses and unconfident with
himself. He believes that by taking drug, it is able to help him to reduce his stress. By understanding
the actual problem, the individual can be helped to go through his difficulty, as well as provide him
with self awareness toward the harmless of drug addiction. Thus, knowledge becomes an important
role to build a moral value and influence someone acts. (Edling, 2001). Additionally, knowledgeable
people are actually able to think rationally rather than uneducated people.
Knowledge ought to be shared and people should use their knowledge to help the others. It is
because; the gap between a knowledge people and uneducated people might be contributes the increase
of social problems. For instance, most of people nowadays choose to be self-centered. People
deliberately left and separates themselves from other people who less of knowledge.
Besides, each individual should have religious element to avoid them from involves in social
problems. Thus, parents should play an important role to educate their children by representing them
with the good qualities as a parent. It is because; family institution is the basic needs in shaping an
individual with good values.
The Appropriate Solution of Social Problem from the Aspect of Axiology
Axiology approach in philosophy is relates to social problem, which included a number of aspects such
as, value, ethic, aesthetic and religion, criteria of value and making decision based on value. Axiology
normally focuses to something which is relating to values. For example, bad and good, right and wrong
and etc. The proof shows that axiology aspect is more relates to educations objective, in order to gain
value and good attitude. This circumstances shows that the philosophy of knowledge ought to be
applied toward people through education system.
Axiology aspect can be divided into two categories, within moral and aesthetic. Moral or ethic
is a part of axiology which is discussing and debating about moral principle that focuses on individual
acting in their relation with other people. While aesthetic is more to appreciate the art and someones
experience through the analysis towards value.
Most of the social problems were caused by the lack of awareness and moral values, which
contribute to the immoral activities among the teenagers. Therefore, the suitable approach to overcome
the social problems is by nurturing of the value. Teenagers must be nurtured with the moral value, as
well as everyday practice to prevent the social problems from continually happening (Edling, 2007).
Usually, the individuals who had caused a problem do not care about themselves and other
people. They will take a shortcuts way in solving the problems, until it affects the society of their
surroundings. The ignorant of an individual itself in developing the good value for their future has
caused many problems.
It is an objective for philosophy to form good ethics. This is because; the ethic was related to
the experts who realize how small the human compared to the nature, besides the creator. The genuine
research conducted by the philosophers generates the purified soul that values the purified knowledge,
which can not be compared with all the worldly interest. Thus, it generates the feeling of impression
towards the Holy Creator. Undoubtedly, ethic is one of the axiology branches from the philosophy

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Aminuddin Hassan, Lukman Z. Mohamad, Habsah Ismail and Salwana Yusoff

view, which is able to help in emerging the purified soul which values the purified knowledge and
maintain moral value among the societies. Therefore, education philosophical approach is important to
prevent social problem in our societies nowadays.
As a creature of God, gifted with intelligence, we should have the sense of responsibilities
toward preserving ourselves being brought away by our lust in the continuation of life especially when
we were tested with trials and tribulations (Edling, 2007). A normal human being supposed to be
thoughtful and be able to solve the problems without neglecting the moral values. They must believe
and confident with their own abilities as the moral values will bring the realization of one mind to get
rid of the social problems.
The Appropriate Solution of Social Problem from the Aspect of Logical
Logic is a relevant statement based on thinking. Therefore, from the view of the philosophy of
education, logic is a method used by philosophers while they give their philosophical thoughts. When
we precisely think, the entire social problem such as prostitution, alcoholism and drug addiction,
homosexuality and etc, they seem to have a similarity, which all of them were against the religion. We
should view the social problems meticulously and find the similarities between each and every social
problem in order to find an affective and concrete solutions.
Logical approach will help us not only in understanding toward the certain thing, thus, it helps
us in finding the solution. Based on the specific example, the prostitution problems which happen
rapidly nowadays especially among the Malay teenagers. By logically looking at this symptom, it
essentially happens because of the uncontrollable lust. However, by making a deductive conclusion, we
can propose the solution such as providing job or opportunities especially for women by nurturing
them with the self respect towards themselves, in order to protect their pride.
Undeniably, social problems had been encountered all over the place and the societies. No
matter how far the country has developed, it will never free from the negative element, which brought
together the multiple social problem. Social problem has rooted long ago in the human history, since
the civilizations. There are lot of effort had been done in combating the social problem. Nevertheless,
the social problems still exist and without realized, the problems are getting worse day by day.
Logically, any problem that arises can not be solved if we did not look at the main cause. As
humans, gifted with the rational and sane intelligence, the society should not selfishly behave in
preventing the crisis. People need to realize their responsibility, so that the intention on creating the
harmonious society will become true (Edling, 2007). If majority of the society do not want to prevent
all the wrongs that happens in front of their eyes, the objective will not be achieved. Some of the
society do not care about the wrongs and consider that the thing comes along with the country
development.
An individual who lives in society will be easily influenced by the civilization of the place they
belongs to, in any part of the world. It was caused by the thinking and feeling of an individual was
mould by the general thinking and feeling of that society. Even though they have their own opinion,
they still have to accept the opinion of the society as an undeniable fact.
Furthermore, the outside influence which has easily and widely spread will drive a person to get
involve with the unhealthy activity (Jas Laile Suzana, 1996). Therefore, the factors of surroundings
such as moral support and society are the crucial bridge that may influence the happiness of an
individual (Lu, Shih, Lin & Ju, 1997).
Parents should take part in preventing the social problems that has become a disease in our
community nowadays. Even though todays life scenario has witness the collapse of many family
institution which contribute to the social problems among the teenagers (Lu & Yin, 1998). If family
institutions fail in playing their role, the social problem such as drug addiction, free sex, gangsterism
and etcetera can not be solved.
In order to find the solution towards the social problem that happens nowadays, the society
ought to educate to make them more aware, understand and appreciate their own life. Besides, the

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470

government should execute some observation regarding the policy or the system which had been
implemented and ready to change the old rules.

4. Conclusion
The entire of social problems which had occurred can be elaborated through the aspects within the
philosophy of education. However, if it is just a discussion, then, it never bring a benefit if we do not
take an action for the solution.
Generally, education is the best medium to build an individual who free from social problem.
Social problem can be solved through the approach of philosophy of education, if the theory and the
content of the philosophy itself can be understood in intellectual ways. More or less, the underneath
meaning from philosophy view can be analyzed especially for reducing the social problem in holistic
way.

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