Syllabus for General Aptitude (GA)

(COMMON TO ALL PAPERS)

Verbal Ability: English grammar, sentence completion, verbal analogies, word groups,
instructions, critical reasoning and verbal deduction.
Numerical Ability: Numerical computation, numerical estimation, numerical reasoning and data
interpretation.
Sample Questions
Verbal Ability
Q.1. Choose the appropriate answer to complete the following sentence:
To those of us who had always thought him timid, his --------- came as a surprise.
(A)

intrepidity (B)

inevitability (C)

inability (D)

inertness

Ans. (A)
Q.2. Choose the appropriate answer to complete the following sentence:
Medicine is to illness as law is to _________
(A)

discipline (B)

anarchy (C)

treason (D)

etiquette

Ans. (B)
Q.3. Read the following paragraph :
o

The ordinary form of mercury thermometer is used for temperature ranging from 40 F to
o
o
500 F. For measuring temperature below 40 F, thermometers filled with alcohol are used.
These are, however, not satisfactory for use in high temperatures. When a mercury thermometer
o
is used for temperature above 500 F, the space above the mercury is filled with some inert gas,
usually nitrogen or carbon dioxide, placed in the thermometer under pressure. As the mercury
rises, the gas pressures is increased, so that it is possible to use these thermometers for
o
temperatures as high as 1000 F.
With what, besides mercury, would a thermometer be filled if it was designed to be used
o

for measuring temperature of about 500 F?

(A) Pyrometer

(B) Inert gas

(C) Iron and brass

Ans. (B)

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(D) Gas

Q.4. The cost of manufacturing tractors in Korea is twenty percent less than the cost of
manufacturing tractors in Germany. Even after transportation fees and import taxes are added, it
is still cheaper to import tractors from Korea to Germany than to produce tractors in Germany.
Which of the following assertions is best supported by the above information?
(A) Labour costs in Korea are twenty percent below those in Germany.
(B) Importing tractors into Germany will eliminate twenty percent of the manufacturing jobs in
Germany.
(C) The costs of transporting a tractor from Korea to Germany is more than twenty percent
ofthe cost of manufacturing the tractor in Korea.
(D) The import taxes on a tractor imported from Korea to Germanyis less than twenty
percentof the cost of manufacturing the tractor in Germany.
Ans. (D)
Numerical Ability
Q.5. In a survey, 3/16 of the people surveyed told that they preferred to use publictransport
while commuting daily to office. 5/8 of the people surveyed told that theypreferred to use their
own vehicles. The remaining 75 respondents said thatthey had no clear preference. How many
people preferred to use publictransport?
(A) 75 (B) 100 (C) 125 (D) 133
Ans. (A)

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IN
Instrumentation
Engineering

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics

Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, Eigen values and Eigen
vectors.
Calculus: Mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, partial derivatives,
maxima and minima, multiple integrals, Fourier series, vector identities, line, surface
and volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Greens theorems.
Differential equations: First order equation (linear and nonlinear), higher order
linear differential equations with constant coefficients, method of variation of
parameters, Cauchys and Eulers equations, initial and boundary value problems,
solution of partial differential equations: variable separable method.
Analysis of complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchys integral theorem and
integral formula, Taylors and Laurents series, residue theorem, solution of integrals.
Probability and Statistics: Sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean,
median, mode and standard deviation, random variables, discrete and continuous
distributions: normal, Poisson and binomial distributions.
Numerical Methods: Matrix inversion, solutions of non-linear algebraic equations,
iterative methods for solving differential equations, numerical integration, regression
and correlation analysis.

Instrumentation Engineering

Section 2: Electrical Circuits:

Voltage and current sources: independent, dependent, ideal and practical; v-i
relationships of resistor, inductor, mutual inductor and capacitor; transient analysis of
RLC circuits with dc excitation.
Kirchoffs laws, mesh and nodal analysis, superposition, Thevenin, Norton, maximum
power transfer and reciprocity theorems.
Peak-, average- and rms values of ac quantities; apparent-, active- and reactive
powers; phasor analysis, impedance and admittance; series and parallel resonance,
locus diagrams, realization of basic filters with R, L and C elements.
One-port and two-port networks, driving point impedance and admittance, open-, and
short circuit parameters.

Section 3: Signals and Systems

Periodic, aperiodic and impulse signals; Laplace, Fourier and z-transforms; transfer
function, frequency response of first and second order linear time invariant systems,
impulse response of systems; convolution, correlation. Discrete time system: impulse
response, frequency response, pulse transfer function; DFT and FFT; basics of IIR and
FIR filters.

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Section 4: Control Systems

Feedback principles, signal flow graphs, transient response, steady-state-errors, Bode
plot, phase and gain margins, Routh and Nyquist criteria, root loci, design of lead, lag
and lead-lag compensators, state-space representation of systems; time-delay
systems; mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic system components, synchro pair,
servo and stepper motors, servo valves; on-off, P, P-I, P-I-D, cascade, feedforward, and
ratio controllers.

Section 5: Analog Electronics

Characteristics and applications of diode, Zener diode, BJT and MOSFET; small signal
analysis of transistor circuits, feedback amplifiers. Characteristics of operational
amplifiers; applications of opamps: difference amplifier, adder, subtractor, integrator,
differentiator, instrumentation amplifier, precision rectifier, active filters and other
circuits. Oscillators, signal generators, voltage controlled oscillators and phase locked
loop.

Section 6: Digital Electronics

Combinational logic circuits, minimization of Boolean functions. IC families: TTL and
CMOS. Arithmetic circuits, comparators, Schmitt trigger, multi-vibrators, sequential
circuits, flip-flops, shift registers, timers and counters; sample-and-hold circuit,
multiplexer, analog-to-digital (successive approximation, integrating, flash and sigmadelta) and digital-to-analog converters (weighted R, R-2R ladder and current steering
logic). Characteristics of ADC and DAC (resolution, quantization, significant bits,
conversion/settling time); basics of number systems, 8-bit microprocessor and
microcontroller: applications, memory and input-output interfacing; basics of data
acquisition systems.

Section 7: Measurements
SI units, systematic and random errors in measurement, expression of uncertainty accuracy and precision index, propagation of errors. PMMC, MI and dynamometer type
instruments; dc potentiometer; bridges for measurement of R, L and C, Q-meter.
Measurement of voltage, current and power in single and three phase circuits; ac and
dc current probes; true rms meters, voltage and current scaling, instrument
transformers, timer/counter, time, phase and frequency measurements, digital
voltmeter, digital multimeter; oscilloscope, shielding and grounding.

Section 8: Sensors and Industrial Instrumentation

Resistive-, capacitive -, inductive-, piezoelectric-, Hall effect sensors and associated
signal conditioning circuits; transducers for industrial instrumentation: displacement
(linear and angular), velocity, acceleration, force, torque, vibration, shock, pressure
(including low pressure), flow (differential pressure, variable area, electromagnetic,
ultrasonic, turbine and open channel flow meters) temperature (thermocouple,
bolometer, RTD (3/4 wire), thermistor, pyrometer and semiconductor); liquid level, pH,
conductivity and viscosity measurement.

Section 9: Communication and Optical Instrumentation

Amplitude- and frequency modulation and demodulation; Shannon's sampling
theorem, pulse code modulation; frequency and time division multiplexing,
amplitude-, phase-, frequency-, pulse shift keying for digital modulation; optical
sources and detectors: LED, laser, photo-diode, light dependent resistor and their
characteristics; interferometer: applications in metrology; basics of fiber optic sensing.