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LTE Air Interface

www.huawei.com

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Contents
1. The Air interface
2 LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.
3. Dynamic Resource Allocation

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page2

Contents
1. The Air Interface
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.3 Radio Interface Techniques
1 4 Transmission Modes
1.4
1.5 Spectrum Usage
1.6 Principles of OFDM

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page3

Evolution of Cellular Networks

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page4

First Generation Mobile Systems

AMPS (Advanced Mobile Telephone System)

TACS (Total Access Communications System)

ETACS (Extended Total Access Communications System)

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page5

Second Generation Mobile Systems

Other

cdmaOne
(IS-95)

D-AMPS
(IS-136)

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page6

2.5G and 2.75G GSM/GPRS


Systems
System

Service

Theoretical Data
Rate

Typical Data Rate

2G GSM

Circuit Switched
Data Service

9.6kbit/s or
14.4kbit/s

9.6kbit/s or
14.4kbit/s

2 5G GPRS
2.5G

Packet Switched
Data

171 2kbit/s
171.2kbit/s

4kbit/s to 50kbit/s

2.75G EDGE

Packet Switched
Data

473.6kbit/s

120kbit/s

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page7

Third Generation Mobile Systems

UMTS
WCDMA

UMTS
TD-CDMA

CDMA2000
TD-SCDMA

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page8

Fourth Generation Mobile Systems


Key IMT Advanced Features
A high degree of commonality of functionality worldwide while retaining the flexibility to
support a wide range of services and applications in a cost efficient manner.
Compatibility of services within IMT and with fixed networks.
Capability of interworking with other radio access systems.
High quality mobile services.
User equipment suitable for worldwide use.
User-friendly
y applications,
pp
services and equipment.
q p
Worldwide roaming capability.
Enhanced p
peak data rates to support
pp advanced services and applications
pp
((100Mbit/s for high
g
and 1Gbit/s for low mobility were identified as targets).

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page9

Fourth Generation Mobile Systems

LTE
Advanced

WiMAX
802.16m

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page10

Contents
1. The Air Interface
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.3 Radio Interface Techniques
1 4 Transmission Modes
1.4
1.5 Spectrum Usage
1.6 Principles of OFDM

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page11

3GPP Releases
Release 6
HSUPA
5.76Mbit/s

GSM
9.6kbit/s

HSDPA
14.4Mbit/s

Phase 1

Release
l
5

HSPA+
28.8Mbit/s
42Mbit/s
Release 7/8

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page12

Contents
1. The Air Interface
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.3 Radio Interface Techniques
1 4 Transmission Modes
1.4
1.5 Spectrum Usage
1.6 Principles of OFDM

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page13

Radio Interface Techniques

OFDMA

TDMA

CDMA

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page14

Frequency Division Multiple Access


Power

Time

Frequency

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page15

Time Division Multiple Access


Power

Time

Frequency

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page16

Code Division Multiple Access


Power

Time

Frequency

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page17

Orthogonal
g
Frequency
q
y Division
Multiple Access
Power

Time

Frequency

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page18

Contents
1. The Air Interface
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.3 Radio Interface Techniques
1 4 Transmission Modes
1.4
1.5 Spectrum Usage
1.6 Principles of OFDM

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page19

Transmission Modes
Frequency Division Duplex
Channel
Bandwidth

Channel
Bandwidth

Uplink

Downlink
Duplex
p Spacing
p
g

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page20

Frequency

Transmission Modes
Time Division Duplex

Asymmetric
Allocation

Downlink

Uplink

Downlink

TDD Frame

Uplink

TDD Frame

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page21

Contents
1. The Air Interface
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.3 Radio Interface Techniques
1 4 Transmission Modes
1.4
1.5 Spectrum Usage
1.6 Principles of OFDM

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page22

Time
i

GSM Bands
Operating Band

Frequency
Band

Uplink Frequency
(MHz)

Downlink
Frequency (MHz)

GSM 400

450

450.4 - 457.6

460.4 - 467.6

GSM 400

480

478.8 - 486.0

488.8 - 496.0

GSM 850

850

824.0 - 849.0

869.0 - 894.0

GSM 900 (P-GSM)

900

890.0 - 915.0

935.0 - 960.0

GSM 900 (E-GSM)

900

880.0 - 915.0

925.0 - 960.0

GSM-R ((R-GSM))

900

876.0 - 880.0

921.0 - 925.0

DCS 1800

1800

1710.0 - 1785.0

1805.0 - 1880.0

PCS 1900

1900

1850 0 - 1910.0
1850.0
1910 0

1930 0 - 1990.0
1930.0
1990 0

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page23

UMTS Bands
Operating Band

Frequency
B d
Band

Uplink Frequency
(MH )
(MHz)

Downlink
F
Frequency
(MH
(MHz))

2100

1920 - 1980

2110 - 2170

II

1900

1850 - 1910

1930 - 1990

III

1800

1710 - 1785

1805 - 1880

IV

1700

1710 - 1755

2110 - 2155

850

824 - 849

869 - 894

VI

800

830 - 840

875 - 885

VII

2600

2500 - 2570

2620 - 2690

VIII

900

880 - 915

925 - 960

IX

1700

1749.9 - 1784.9

1844.9 - 1879.9

1700

1710 - 1770

2110 - 2170

XI

1500

1427.9 - 1452.9

1475.9 - 1500.9

XII

700

698 - 716

728 - 746

XIII

700

777 - 787

746 - 756

XIV

700

788 - 798

758 - 768

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page24

UMTS TDD Frequency Bands


Frequency Band
1900 - 1920
2010 - 2025
1850 - 1910
1930 - 1990
1910 - 1930
2570 - 2620

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page25

Existing GSM Deployments


United States,,
Canada, and
many other
countries in the
Americas.

Europe, Middle
East, Africa,
and most of
A i /P ifi
Asia/Pacific.

GSM 900
GSM 1800

GSM 850
GSM 1900

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page26

Key UMTS Deployment Bands

Band I
((WCDMA
2100)

Band IV
((WCDMA
1700)

Band VIII
(WCDMA
900)

Band V
(WCDMA
850)

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page27

LTE Release 8 Bands


Band

Duplex

FDL_low

FDL_high

NOffs-DL

NDL

FUL_low

FUL_high

NOffs-UL

NUL

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD

(MHz)
2110
1930
1805
2110
869
875
2620
925
1844.9
2110
1475.9
728
746
758

(MHz)
2170
1990
1880
2155
894
885
2690
960
1879.9
2170
1500.9
746
756
768

0
600
1200
1950
2400
2650
2750
3450
3800
4150
4750
5000
5180
5280

0-599
600-1199
1200-1949
1950 2399
1950-2399
2400-2649
2650-2749
2750-3449
3450-3799
3800-4149
4150-4749
4750-4999
5000-5179
5180-5279
5180
5279
5280-5379

(MHz)
1920
1850
1710
1710
824
830
2500
880
1749.9
1710
1427.9
698
777
788

(MHz)
1980
1910
1785
1755
849
840
2570
915
1784.9
1770
1452.9
716
787
798

18000
18600
19200
19950
20400
20650
20750
21450
21800
22150
22750
23000
23180
23280

18000-18599
18600-19199
19200-19949
19950 20399
19950-20399
20400-20649
20650-20749
20750-21449
21450-21799
21800-22149
22150-22749
22750-22999
23000-23179
23180-23279
23180
23279
23280-23379

17

FDD

734

746

5730

5730-5849

704

716

23730

23730-23849

33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD
TDD

1900
2010
1850
1930
1910
2570
1880
2300

1920
2025
1910
1990
1930
2620
1920
2400

36000
36200
36350
36950
37550
37750
38250
38650

36000 36199
36000-36199
36200-36349
36350-36949
36950-37549
37550-37749
37750-38249
38250-38649
38650-39649

1900
2010
1850
1930
1910
2570
1880
2300

1920
2025
1910
1990
1930
2620
1920
2400

36000
36200
36350
36950
37550
37750
38250
38650

36000 36199
36000-36199
36200-36349
36350-36949
36950-37549
37550-37749
37750-38249
38250-38649
38650-39649

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page28

Carrier Frequency
q
y EARFCN
Calculation

eNB

UE

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page29

Example
100kHz Raster
Uplink

Downlink

1937 4MH
1937.4MHz

2127 4MH
2127.4MHz
FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(N
0 1(NDL - NOffs-DL)
NDL =
NDL =

(FDL - FDL_low)
0.1

+ NOffs-DL

(2127.4 - 2110)
+ 0 = 174
0.1

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page30

Frequency
q
y

Contents
1. The Air Interface
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.3 Radio Interface Techniques
1 4 Transmission Modes
1.4
1.5 Spectrum Usage
1.6 Principles of OFDM

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page31

Principles of OFDM

eNB

UE

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Page32

Frequency Division Multiplexing


Guard Band

Subcarrier

Frequency
Channel
Bandwidth

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Page33

OFDM Subcarriers
Orthogonal
Subcarriers

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Page34

Inverse Fast Fourier Transform


Inverse Fast
Fourier
Transform

IFFT

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Page35

Fast Fourier Transform


Subcarrier
Demodulation

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Page36

OFDM Symbol Mapping

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page37

OFDM
Peak to Average Power Ratio
PAPR (Peak to Average
Power Ratio) Issue
Peak
Average

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Page38

Time Domain Interference


Energy

Delay Spread

Time

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Page39

Inter Symbol Interference


Delayed
D
l d
Signal

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Page40

Cyclic Prefix

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page41

Contents
1. The Air interface
2 LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.
1.

Basic Parts of LTE Air Interface

2.

Downlink Related

3.

Uplink Related

4.

Other Procedures

3. Dynamic Resource Allocation

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page42

Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
1.

Basic Parts of LTE Air Interface


a)

The Uu Interface and Protocols

b)

LTE Channel Structure

c)

LTE Frame Structure

d)

OFDM Signal
Si
lG
Generation
ti

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page43

Uu Interface
E UTRA
E-UTRA
Uu

UE

1.4MHz,
1
4MHz 3MHz,
3MHz
5MHz, 10MHz,
15MHz, 20MHz

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

eNB

Page44

LTE Control Plane and User Plane


NAS Control
Plane

E-UTRAN

EPC

S1-MME

UE

RRC
Control
Plane

MME
S11

eNB
S1-U

S5/S8
S-GW

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

PDN-GW

Page45

E UTRA Protocols
E-UTRA
Control Plane
NAS Signaling

User Plane

RRC

NAS User - IP

PDCP

PDCP

RLC

RLC

MAC

MAC

PHY

PHY

UE

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

eNB

Page46

NAS Signaling

EMM (EPS Mobility


Management)
MME
ESM (EPS Session
S i
Management)
UE

eNB

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page47

NAS EMM and ESM Procedures


EMM Procedures

ESM Procedures

Attach

Default EPS Bearer Context Activation

Detach

Dedicated EPS Bearer Context Activation

Tracking Area Update

EPS Bearer Context Modification

Service Request

EPS Bearer Context Deactivation

E t d d Service
Extended
S i Request
R
t

UE Requested
R
t d PDN Connectivity
C
ti it

GUTI Reallocation

UE Requested PDN Disconnect

Authentication

UE Requested
q
Bearer Resource Allocation

Identification

UE Requested Bearer Resource Modification

Security Mode Control

ESM Information Request

EMM Status

ESM Status

EMM Information
NAS T
Transport
Paging

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Page48

Radio Resource Control

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page49

Packet Data Convergence Protocol


Control Plane
Encryption
Integrity Checking
User Plane
IP Header Compression
Encryption
Sequencing and Duplicate Detection

NAS Signaling
RRC
PDCP
RLC
MAC
PHY
eNB

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page50

Radio Link Control

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page51

Medium Access Control

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page52

Physical Layer
Error Detection
FEC Encoding/Decoding
Rate Matching
pp g of Physical
y
Channels
Mapping
Power Weighting
Modulation and Demodulation
q
y and Time Synchronization
y
Frequency
Radio Measurements
MIMO Processing
Transmit Diversityy
Beamforming
RF Processing

NAS Signaling
RRC
PDCP
RLC
MAC
PHY

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

eNB

Page53

Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
1.

Basic Parts of LTE Air Interface


a)

The Uu Interface and Protocols

b)

LTE Channel Structure

c)

LTE Frame Structure

d)

OFDM Signal
Si
lG
Generation
ti

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page54

LTE Channels

Logical
Channels

Transport
Channels

Physical
Channels

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Radio
Channels

Page55

Logical Channels

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Page56

Control Logical Channels

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Page57

CCCH and DCCH Signaling

UE

SRB 0

CCCH

SRB 0

CCCH

SRB 1

DCCH

SRB 2

DCCH

eNB
Low Priority
NAS Signaling

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page58

Traffic Logical Channels

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page59

LTE Release 8 Transport Channels


BCH
PCH
DL-SCH
UE

eNB

RACH
UL-SCH

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page60

Downlink Physical Channels

PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel)

PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator Channel)

PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)

PHICH (Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel)

PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel)

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page61

Uplink Physical Channels

PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel)

PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel)

PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel)

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page62

Radio Channels
Radio
Channel

FDD
UE

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page63

Downlink Channel Mapping

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page64

Uplink Channel Mapping

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page65

Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
1.

Basic Parts of LTE Air Interface


a)

The Uu Interface and Protocols

b)

LTE Channel Structure

c)

LTE Frame Structure

d)

OFDM Signal
Si
lG
Generation
ti

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page66

LTE Frame Structure

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page67

Normal and Extended Cyclic Prefix

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page68

Downlink CP Parameters
Configuration

CP Length (Ts)

Time

Delay
Spread

160 for slot 0

~ 5.208s

~ 1.562km

144 for slot 1,


1 2,
2 66

~ 4.688s
4 688s

~ 1.406km
1 406km

Normal Cyclic
Prefix

f = 15kHz

Extended Cyclic
Prefix

f = 15kHz

512 for slot 0, 1, 5

~16.67s

~ 5km

f = 7.5kHz
7 5kHz

1024 for 0,
0 1,
1 2

~ 33.33
33 33 s

~ 10km

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page69

Normal CP Configuration
Larger first CP when
Normal CP is configured
DL
Nsymb
OFDM Symbols
y
((= 7 for Normal CP))

0
160

2048

1
144

2048

2
144

2048

3
144

2048

4
144

2048

5
144

E.g. NCP = 144,


TCP= 144 x Ts = 4.6875s

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page70

2048

6
144

2048

Type 2 TDD Radio Frame

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page71

Type 2 Radio Frame Switching Points


Switching
Point
Periodicity

Subframe Number
0

5ms

5ms

5ms

10ms

10ms

10ms

5ms

Configuration

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page72

Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
1.

Basic Parts of LTE Air Interface


a)

The Uu Interface and Protocols

b)

LTE Channel Structure

c)

LTE Frame Structure

d)

OFDM Signal
Si
lG
Generation
ti

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page73

OFDM Signal Generation


Antenna
P t
Ports

Layers
Modulation
Mapper
Layer
M
Mapper

Precoding
g

Modulation
Mapper

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page74

Codeword,, Layer
y and Antenna Port
Mapping
Codeword
Rank 1

Rank 2

Rank 3

Rank 4

1 Layer

2 Layers

3 Layers

4 Layers

1, 2 or 4
A
Antenna
Ports

2 or 4
A
Antenna
Ports

4 Antenna
P t
Ports

4 Antenna
P t
Ports

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page75

Scrambling
Interference

F1

F1

No
g
Scrambling
PRB

PRB
eNB

eNB

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page76

Modulation Mapper

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page77

64 QAM Modulation Mapper


64QAM
Q
7

101111

101101

100101

100111

000111

000101

001101

001111

101110

101100

100100

100110

000110

000100

001100

001110

101010

101000

100000

100010

000010

000000

001000

001010

101011

101001

100001

100011

000011

000001

001001

001011

-7

-5

-3

-1

111011

111001

110001

110011

010011

010001

011001

011011

111010

111000

110000

110010

010010

010000

011000

011010

111110

111100

110100

110110

010110

010100

011100

011110

111111

111101

110101

110111

010111

010101

011101

011111

5
3
1

-1

-3
-5
-7

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page78

Layer Mapper Configuration


Mapper Configuration

Layers (v)

Antenna Ports (P)

Single
g Antenna

v=1

P=1

Transmit Diversity

v=P

P1 (2 or 4)

Spatial Multiplexing

1vP

P1 (2 or 4)

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page79

LTE Precoding Options


LTE Precoding
LTE Spatial Multiplexing

P
Precoding
di

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

CDD (Cyclic
D l
Delay
Diversity

Page80

OFDM Signal Generation

sl p t

ak p ,l e j 2kf tNCP,lTs

DL RB

N DLN RB / 2
RB sc

k NRB Nsc / 2

j 2kf t NCP,lTs
p
ak ,l e
k 1

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page81

Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.

Downlink Related
a)

2.6 Downlink OFDMA

b)

2 7 LTE Physical Signals


2.7

c)

2.8 Downlink Reference Signals

d)

29D
2.9
Downlink
li k LTE Ph
Physical
i l Ch
Channels
l

e)

2.10 Downlink Control Signaling

f)

2.11 LTE Cell Search Procedure

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page82

OFDMA in LTE
Frequency
Device is allocated one
or more PRB (Physical
Resource Blocks)

Channel
Bandwidth
E.g. 3MHz

OFDMA

PRB consists of 12
subcarriers for 0.5ms

Time

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page83

Physical
y
Resource Blocks and
Resource Elements
Radio Frame = 10ms

NRBDL

NSCRB Sub
bcarriers = 12
2

Physical
Ph
i lR
Resource
Block

Resource
esou ce
Element
NSymbDL

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page84

Downlink PRB Parameters

Configuration

NSCRB

N
Normal
lC
Cyclic
li Prefix
P fi

f = 15kHz
15kH

Extended Cyclic
Prefix

f = 15kHz
f = 7.5kHz
k

NSymbDL
7

12

24

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page85

Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.

Downlink Related
a)

2.6 Downlink OFDMA

b)

2 7 LTE Physical Signals


2.7

c)

2.8 Downlink Reference Signals

d)

29D
2.9
Downlink
li k LTE Ph
Physical
i l Ch
Channels
l

e)

2.10 Downlink Control Signaling

f)

2.11 LTE Cell Search Procedure

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page86

Downlink Cell ID

nization
o
r
h
c
n
y
nk S
D ow n l i

Signals

(1)
(2)
Ncell
ID = 3NID + NID

eNB

Where: NID(1) = 0,..167


NID(2) = 0, 1, or 2

UE

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page87

PSS and SSS Location for FDD


PSS (Primary
Synchronization
Sequence)

62
Subcarriers

72
Subcarriers

SSS (Secondary
Synchronization
Sequence)
Slots

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Radio Frame
Repeated in
slots 0 and 10

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page88

PSS and SSS Location for TDD

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page89

Example of SSS Indices


N ID

m0

m1

N ID

m0

m1

N ID

m0

m1

N ID

m0

m1

N ID

m0

m1

34

68

12

102

15

19

136

22

27

35

69

10

13

103

16

20

137

23

28

36

70

11

14

104

17

21

138

24

29

37

71

12

15

105

18

22

139

25

30

167

33

67

11

101

14

18

135

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

21

26

Page90

SSS Scrambling
Length 31 Sequence
Cyclic Shift based on
NID(1)
s0 (m0)

Scrambling
sequence z

s1(m1)

s1(m1)

c1 and z1(m0)

c0

Subframe 0
62 interleaved
i
l
d
bits

s0(m0)

c1 and z1(m1)

c0

Subframe 5
Scrambling sequence c0
and c1 based on NID(2)

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page91

Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.

Downlink Related
a)

2.6 Downlink OFDMA

b)

2 7 LTE Physical Signals


2.7

c)

2.8 Downlink Reference Signals

d)

29D
2.9
Downlink
li k LTE Ph
Physical
i l Ch
Channels
l

e)

2.10 Downlink Control Signaling

f)

2.11 LTE Cell Search Procedure

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page92

Downlink Reference Signals

Cell Specific (non-MBSFN)

MBSFN (MBMS service over Single Frequency Network)

UE Specific

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page93

Cell Specific
p
Reference Signals
g
One Antenna Port

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page94

Cell Specific
p
Reference Signals
g
Cell ID Offset
Physical Cell ID = 0
R

eNB

R
R

Physical Cell ID = 8

RS position is
based on Physical
Cell ID (Physical
Cell ID mod 6)

R
R

R
R

eNB

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page95

Cell Specific
p
Reference Signals
g
Two Antenna Port Configuration

Antenna Port 0

R
R

RS symbol for antenna port 0


RS symbol for antenna port 1

Antenna Port 1

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page96

Cell Specific
p
Reference Signals
g
Four Antenna Port Configuration

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page97

MBFSN Reference Signals

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page98

UE Specific Reference Signals

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page99

Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.

Downlink Related
a)

2.6 Downlink OFDMA

b)

2 7 LTE Physical Signals


2.7

c)

2.8 Downlink Reference Signals

d)

29D
2.9
Downlink
li k LTE Ph
Physical
i l Channels
Ch
l

e)

2.10 Downlink Control Signaling

f)

2.11 LTE Cell Search Procedure

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page100

PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel)

eNB
UE

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page101

MIB to PBCH Mapping


pp g ((FDD and
Normal CP)
MIB
CRC
Channel Coding
Rate Matching
hi
Scrambling
Modulation
L
Layer
Mapping
M
i
Precoding
Mapping to REs

PBCH

10ms Frame

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page102

PCFICH ((Physical
y
Control Format
Indicator Channel) - CFI Mapping
CFI Value

Number of OFDM Symbols Assigned to DPCCH


N RB 10

N RB 10

DL

DL

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page103

CFI to PCFICH Mapping


CFI
k

Channel Coding
(Block1/16)
S
Scrambling
bli
Modulation
Layer Mapping
Precoding
g
Mapping to REs

OFDM Symbols
allocated
ll t d tto
PDCCH

PCFICH

NRBDL
Cell

DL
k = (NRB
sc /2)(NID mod 2NRB)

Reserved RSs

k=k
DL
k = k + NRB
)/2 NRB
sc /2
DL

RB

k = k + 2NRB)/2 Nsc /2
RB

k = k + 3NDL
RB)/2 Nsc /2

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page104

CFI Codewords

CFI

CFI Codeword < b0, b1, , b31 >

<0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1>
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

<1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0>

<1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1>
1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1

4 (Reserved)

<0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0>

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page105

PDCCH ((Physical
y
Downlink Control
Channel)
Frame - 10ms
0

5MHz (25 Resourrce Blockss)

Downlink
Control
Region

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page106

REG to CCE and PDCCH Mapping

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page107

PDCCH to Control Region Mapping


PCFICH

PHICH

R
3
3
x
3
3
R
6
6
x
6
6
R

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
7
7
7
7

Page108

CCE Allocation Levels


1 CCE Level
2 CCE Level
4 CCE Level
8 CCE Level

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page109

Search Spaces
Candidate
Aggregation Set
for Common
Control

Candidate
Aggregation Set
for UE-specific
Control

8 - CCE
4 - CCE
2 - CCE
CCE

1 - CCE
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Common Search Space

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

UE-specific Search Space

Page110

PHICH ((Physical
y
Hybrid
y
Indicator
Channel)

Frame Structure Type 1

Frame Structure Type 2 (TDD)

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page111

PHICH Mapping
Up to eight
ACK/NACK per
PHICH Group
Group 0

DL

Ngroup
PHICH

2 Ng (NDL
RB /8)

For normall CP
For extended CP

Where: Ng = 1/6,
1/6 ,
1 or 2

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page112

PCFICH
PHICH
Mapping
Equation

Extended PHICH Example


S bf
Subframe

Normal
PHICH

5MHzz (25 Resource Blo


ocks)

Extended
PHICH

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page113

PDSCH ((Physical
y
Downlink Shared
Channel)
Subframe

PDSCH
S b l
Symbols
PDSCH
Symbol
Mapping
Reserved for
Control

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page114

Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.

Downlink Related
a)

2.6 Downlink OFDMA

b)

2 7 LTE Physical Signals


2.7

c)

2.8 Downlink Reference Signals

d)

29D
2.9
Downlink
li k LTE Ph
Physical
i l Ch
Channels
l

e)

2.10 Downlink Control Signaling

f)

2.11 LTE Cell Search Procedure

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page115

Downlink Control Signaling


DCI Format

Usage

Scheduling of PUSCH

Scheduling of one PDSCH codeword

1A

Compact scheduling of one PDSCH codeword and random access


procedure initiated by a PDCCH order

1B

Compact scheduling of one PDSCH codeword with precoding


information (Rank-1 transmission)

1C

Very compact scheduling of one PDSCH codeword

1D

Co pac scheduling
Compact
sc edu g of
o one
o e PDSCH
SC codeword
codewo d with
w precoding
p ecod g and
a d
power offset information (multi-user MIMO)

Scheduling PDSCH to UEs configured in closed-loop spatial


multiplexing MIMO

2A

Scheduling PDSCH to UEs configured in open-loop spatial


multiplexing MIMO

Transmission of TPC (Transmit Power Control) commands for


PUCCH and PUSCH with 2-bit power adjustments

3A

Transmission of TPC (Transmit Power Control) commands for


PUCCH and PUSCH with 1-bit power adjustments

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page116

DCI Format 0

Flag for format0/format1A differentiation - 1 bit, where value 0 indicates format 0 and
value 1 indicates format 1A.

Hopping flag.

Resource block assignment and hopping resource allocation.

Modulation and coding scheme and redundancy version.

New data indicator.

TPC command for scheduled PUSCH.

Cyclic shift for DM RS.

UL index - This field is present only for TDD operation with uplink
uplink-downlink
downlink
configuration 0.

DAI (Downlink Assignment Index) - This field is present only for TDD operation with
uplink-downlink configurations 1-6.

CQI Request.
Request

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page117

DCI Format 1

R
Resource
allocation
ll
i header
h d (resource
(
allocation
ll
i type 0 / type 1).
1)

Resource block assignment.

Modulation and coding scheme.

HARQ process number.

New data indicator.

Redundancy version.

TPC command for PUCCH.

Downlink Assignment
g
Index - This field is p
present in TDD

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page118

DCI Format 1A

Flag for format0/format1A differentiation - 1 bit, where value 0


indicates format 0 and value 1 indicates format 1A.

Localized/Distributed VRB assignment flag - This is 1 bit and set


to 0.

Resource block assignment - all bits are set to 1.


1

Preamble Index.

PRACH Mask Index.

All the remaining bits are set to zero.

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page119

DCI Format 1A - Compact Scheduling

Flag
g for format0/format1A differentiation - 1 bit,, where value 0 indicates
format 0 and value 1 indicates format 1A.

Localized/distributed VRB (Virtual Resource Block) assignment flag.


flag

Resource block assignment (localized VRB /distributed VRB).

Modulation and coding scheme.

HARQ p
process number.

New data indicator.

R d d
Redundancy
version.
i

TPC command for PUCCH.

Downlink Assignment Index - This is present in TDD and is applicable to TDD


configurations 1-6.

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page120

DCI Format 1B

Localized/Distributed VRB assignment


g
flag
g

Resource block assignment

Modulation and coding scheme.

HARQ
Qp
process number.

New data indicator.

Redundancy version.

TPC command for PUCCH.

Downlink Assignment Index - This is present in TDD

PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator) confirmation for precoding

TPMI information for precoding

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page121

DCI Format 1C

Gap value - This indicates if or is to be utilized.

Resource block assignment.


assignment

Transport block size index.

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page122

DCI Format 1D

Localized/Distributed VRB assignment flag.

Resource block assignment.

Modulation
d l
and
d coding
d
scheme.
h

HARQ process number

New data indicator.

Redundancy version.

TPC command for PUCCH.

Downlink Assignment Index - This is present in TDD

TPMI information for precoding

Downlink p
power offset - This is required
q
for downlink MU-MIMO

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page123

DCI Format 2

Resource allocation header - allocation type 0 or type 1.

Resource block assignment - This is for type 0 or 1 information.


information

TPC command for PUCCH

Downlink Assignment Index - This is present in TDD

HARQ process number

Transport block to codeword swap flag

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page124

DCI Format 2A
One codeword: Codeword 0 enabled,
Codeword 1 disabled

Two codewords: Codeword 0 enabled,


Codeword 1 enabled

Bit field
mapped to
index

Message

Bit field
mapped
to index

Message

4 layers: Transmit diversity

2 layers: precoder cycling with


large delay CDD

2 layers: precoder cycling


with large delay CDD

3 layers: precoder cycling with


large delay CDD

Reserved

4 layers: precoder cycling with


large delay CDD

Reserved

Reserved

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page125

DCI Format 3

TPC command number 1, TPC command number 2,, TPC


command number N, where:

N format 0
2

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page126

DCI Format 3A

TPC command number 1, TPC command number 2,, TPC


command number M - where

M Lformat 0

and where:

Lformat
f
t0
is equal
q
to the p
payload
y
size of format 0 before CRC attachment.

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page127

Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.

Downlink Related
a)

2.6 Downlink OFDMA

b)

2 7 LTE Physical Signals


2.7

c)

2.8 Downlink Reference Signals

d)

29D
2.9
Downlink
li k LTE Ph
Physical
i l Ch
Channels
l

e)

2.10 Downlink Control Signaling

f)

2.11 LTE Cell Search Procedure

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page128

Initial Procedures

PLMN/Cell
Selection
Downlink Synchronization
Complete

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page129

Cell Search

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page130

Physical Cell Identities


SSS - One of 168
Group Identities

eNB

eNB
eNB

504 Unique
q Cell
Identities

PSS - One of 3 Identities

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page131

PSS Correlation
Subframe

PSS0
PSS1
PSS2

Correlation

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page132

SSS Correlation

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page133

SI Messages
g - PBCH and the Master
Information Block

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page134

SI Block Type 1
SIB1 (System Information Block Type 1)
PLMN Identity List
Tracking Area Code
E-CGI (Evolved Cell Global Identity)
Cell Barred Indication
Intra Frequency Reselection
CSG Indication
CSG Identity
Qrxlevminoffset
P Max
P-Max
Frequency Band Indicator
Scheduling Info List
SIB Window Length (1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40ms)
System Info Value Tag

Repetitions are scheduled in subframe #5 of all


other radio frames for which SFN mod 2 = 0

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page135

SI Block Type 1

PLMN Identity List - This is a list of PLMN identities. The first


listed PLMN-Identityy is the p
primaryy PLMN.

Tracking Area Code - This is a TAC (Tracking Area Code) that is


common for all the PLMNs listed.

Cell Barred Indication.


Indication

Intra Frequency Reselection - This is used to control cell


reselection to intra-frequency cells when the highest ranked cell
is barred, or treated as barred by the UE

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page136

SI Block Type 1 (cont.)


(cont )

CSG Indication - if set to TRUE, the UE CSG (Closed Subscriber


Group)
p identityy needs to match.

CSG Identity - This is the identity of the Closed Subscriber


Group within the primary PLMN the cell belongs to.

Qrxlevminoffset - This affects the minimum required Rx level in


the cell.

P-Max - This is part of the cell selection process.

Frequency Band Indicator

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page137

SI Block Type 1 (cont.)


(cont )

SI Periodicity Mapping Information - This denotes a value in


radio frames: rf8, rf16, rf32, rf64, rf128, rf256, rf512 and is
used to calculate the occurrence of messages

SIB Window Length - This is a common SI scheduling window


for all SIB and indicates 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 or 40ms.

System Info Value Tag - Common for all SIBs other than MIB,
SIB1, SIB10 and SIB11.

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page138

Example of SI Mapping
SI2 {rf16, SIB6, SIB7, SIB8, SIB9}

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 SFN

SI1 {{rf8,, SIB3,, SIB4,, SIB5}}

SIB1 (System Information Block Type 1)


.
SI-Window=5ms
Scheduling Info List
- SI1 {rf8, SIB3, SIB4, SIB5}
- SI2 {rf16, SIB6, SIB7, SIB8, SIB9}

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page139

SI Block Type 2 & 3


SIB3 (System Information Block Type 3)
Cell Reselection Information
Q-Hyst
Speed State Reselection Parameters
Q-Hyst Speed SF (Scaling Factor)
Treselection EUTRA
Treselection EUTRA SF
S Intra Search
Cell Reselection Serving Freq Info
S-Non-Intra Search Info
Threshold Serving Low Value
Intra Freq Cell Reselection Info
p Max
p-Max
Allowed Measurement Bandwidth

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page140

SI Block Type 4
4,5,6,7,8,9
56789

SIB6 (System Information Block Type 6)


Carrier Frequency List UTRA
UTRA Reselection Information
SIB7 (System Information Block Type 7)
Carrier Frequency List GERAN
GERAN Reselection Information

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page141

PLMN Selection
3G Visited
PLMN

PLMN selection
mayy be initiated
automatically or
manually

LTE Visited
PLMN

Node B
eNB
UE
LTE Home eNB
PLMN

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page142

Cell Selection

Qrxlevmeas

Srxlev > 0
Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - (Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset) - Pcompensation

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page143

Cell Selection Parameters


Parameter

Description

Srxlev

Cell Selection RX level value (dB).

Qrxlevmeas

Measured cell RX level value (RSRP),


where RSRP is defined as the linear average
g
over the power contributions of the resource
elements that carry cell specific reference
signals within the considered measurement
frequency
q
y bandwidth.

Qrxlevmin

Minimum required RX level in the cell


(dBm).

Qrxlevminoffset

Offset to the signaled Qrxlevmin taken into


account in the Srxlev evaluation as a result
of a periodic search for a higher priority
PLMN while camped normally in a visited
PLMN.
PLMN

Pcompensation

max (PEMAX - PUMAX, 0), where PEMAX is the


maximum allowed power configured by
higher
g
layers.
y

PUMAX

RF output power of the UE (dBm) according


to the UE power class (this may vary
depending on allowed tolerances).

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page144

Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
3. Uplink Related
a)

Uplink Transmission Technique

b)

Uplink LTE Physical Channels

c)

Timing Relationships

d)

Uplink Reference Signals

e)

Uplink Control Signaling

f)

LTE Random Access Procedure

g)

Uplink Power Control

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page145

SC-FDMA Subcarrier Mapping


pp g
Concept
Frequency Domain

Time Domain

Subcarrier
M
Mapping
i

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

CP
I
Insertion
ti

Page146

SC FDMA Signal Generation


SC-FDMA

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page147

SC FDMA and the eNB


SC-FDMA

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page148

SC-FDMA Signal
g
Generation
Equation

sl t

UL RB
N sc / 2 1
N RB

UL RB
k N RB
N sc / 2

a k ( ) ,l e

j 2 k 1 2 f t N CP ,l Ts

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page149

SC FDMA vs.
SC-FDMA
vs OFDMA

Feature

SC-FDMA

OFDMA

Low PAPR

Performance

Uplink MIMO

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page150

Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
3. Uplink Related
a)

Uplink Transmission Technique

b)

Uplink LTE Physical Channels

c)

Timing Relationships

d)

Uplink Reference Signals

e)

Uplink Control Signaling

f)

LTE Random Access Procedure

g)

Uplink Power Control

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page151

Uplink LTE Physical Channels

PRACH

PUSCH

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

PUCCH

Page152

PRACH ((Physical
y
Random Access
Channel)

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page153

PRACH Guard Period

UE - A

UE - B

eNB
UE - A

UE - B
UE B
B delay
due to distance

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page154

Random Access Preamble


Parameters
Preamble
Format

Allocated
Subframes

TSEQ
(Ts)

TCP
(Ts)

TCP (s)

TGT
(Ts)

TGT
(s)

Max.
Delay
S
Spread
d
(s)

Max Cell
Radius
(k )
(km)

24576

3168

103.125

2976

96.875

5.208

14.531

24576

21024

684.375

15840

515.625

16.666

77.344

49152

6240

203.125

6048

196.875

5.208

29.531

49152

21024

684.375

21984

715.625

16.666

102.65

4 (TDD)

Special
Frame

4096

448

14.583

576

18.75

16.666

4.375

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page155

PRACH FDD Formats


Subframe 1ms

Subframe 1ms

Format 3
F
Format
2
Format 1
6
PRB

Format 0

CP

Zadoff Chu Sequence

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page156

PRACH Configuration
SSubframe
bf
0

SSubframe
bf
1

SSubframe
bf
2

RB 24

839
Subcarriers
1 25kH
1.25kHz
(6RBs)

C
P

ZC

RB 0

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page157

PRACH Configuration Index


PRACH
Configuration
Index

Preamble
Format

System
Frame
Number

Subframe
Number

Even

Even

Even

Any

Any

Any
y

Any

1, 6

Any

2 ,7

Any

3, 8

Any

1, 4, 7

10

Any

2, 5, 8

11

Any

3, 6, 9

12

Any

0 2,
0,
2 4
4, 6
6, 8

13

Any

1, 3, 5, 7, 9

14

Any

0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9

15

Even

63

Even

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page158

PRACH Configuration
g
and Preamble
Sequences per Cell

Constant amplitude

Autocorrelation
l i

Cross correlation

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page159

PUSCH ((Physical
y
Uplink
p
Shared
Channel)
Subframe

PDSCH
Symbol
Mapping

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page160

Multiplexing Control Signaling

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page161

Uplink Carrier Bandwidtth

PUCCH ((Physical
y
Uplink
p
Control
Channel)

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page162

Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
3. Uplink Related
a)

Uplink Transmission Technique

b)

Uplink LTE Physical Channels

c)

Timing Relationships

d)

Uplink Reference Signals

e)

Uplink Control Signaling

f)

LTE Random Access Procedure

g)

Uplink Power Control

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page163

FDD Timing

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page164

Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
3. Uplink Related
a)

Uplink Transmission Technique

b)

Uplink LTE Physical Channels

c)

Timing Relationships

d)

Uplink Reference Signals

e)

Uplink Control Signaling

f)

LTE Random Access Procedure

g)

Uplink Power Control

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page165

Uplink Reference Signals

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page166

Demodulation Reference Signal

Sequence length - This is part of the uplink allocation.

Sequence Groups (0
(0-29)
29) - This is cell specific.
specific

Sequence - Each group contains one sequence for each length


up to 5 PRB, and two sequences for each length from 6PRB.

12 Cyclic Shift options.


options

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page167

DRS Sequence Group Selection

Sequence
q
Group
p Selection
Fixed Group

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Group Hopping

Page168

PUSCH DRS
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R

Slot

Slot

12
2 Subcaarriers

R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R

LTE DRS (Demodulation


g
transmitted
Reference Signals)
across all subcarriers assigned
to a UE

Subframe

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page169

12
2 Subcaarriers

PUSCH DRS (Extended CP)


R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R

R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R

Slot

Slot

Extended CP
DRS Location

Subframe

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page170

Requirement for SRS


Subframe

Subframe

5MHz (25 Ressource Blocks)

No Channel
Information

eNB
UE
Assigned
i
d
Resources

No Channel
Information

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page171

SRS Frequency Hopping


0

5MHz (25 Reso


ource Bllocks)

S bf
Subframe

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

eNB

UE
SRS

Page172

SRS Allocation
SRS Symbol
y

UE 1 and 2 (Using
different cyclic
shifts)

Subframe

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page173

Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
3. Uplink Related
a)

Uplink Transmission Technique

b)

Uplink LTE Physical Channels

c)

Timing Relationships

d)

Uplink Reference Signals

e)

Uplink Control Signaling

f)

LTE Random Access Procedure

g)

Uplink Power Control

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page174

PUCCH Formats
PUCCH
F
Format
t

Description

Modulation
T
Type

Bits per
subframe
bf

Scheduling Request

N/A

N/A

1a

ACK/NACK

BPSK

QPSK

QPSK

20

QPSK+BPSK

21

QPSK+QPSK

22

ACK/NACK+SR
1b

ACK/NACK
ACK/NACK+SR

CQI/PMI or RI
(CQI/PMI or RI)+ACK/NACK
(Extended CP only)

2a

(CQI/PMI or RI)+ACK/NACK
(normal CP only)

2b

(CQI/PMI or RI)+ACK/NACK
(normal CP only)

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page175

Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
3. Uplink Related
a)

Uplink Transmission Technique

b)

Uplink LTE Physical Channels

c)

Timing Relationships

d)

Uplink Reference Signals

e)

Uplink Control Signaling

f)

LTE Random Access Procedure

g)

Uplink Power Control

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page176

LTE Random Access Procedure

Identify
PRACH
Format

Send
Preamble

Receive
p
Response
Yes

MAC
Connection
Resolution

Decode
Response

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

SRB
Established

Page177

Random Access RRC Signaling


g
g
Procedure
eNB

UE

MAC Scheduling Grant

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page178

PRACH Probing
eNB indicates the
preamble/ZC
bl /ZC sequence
was received and
includes initial UL grant

PRACH
Power
Controll
Noise/
Interference

SScheduled
h d l dM
Message
E.g. RRC Connection
Request

PRACH

PRACH

PRACH

PDCCH
DL SCH
DL-SCH

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

PUSCH

Page179

Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
3. Uplink Related
a)

Uplink Transmission Technique

b)

Uplink LTE Physical Channels

c)

Timing Relationships

d)

Uplink Reference Signals

e)

Uplink Control Signaling

f)

LTE Random Access Procedure

g)

Uplink Power Control

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page180

Uplink Power Control


U li k Power
Uplink
P
C
Control
t l
PUSCH
PUCCH
PRACH
SRS

eNB

UE

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page181

Power Control Calculations

PUSCH Power Control:

PPUSCH (i ) min{PCMAX , 10 log10 ( M PUSCH (i )) PO_PUSCH


O PUSCH ( j ) ( j ) PL TF (i ) f (i )}

PUCCH Power Control:


PPUCCH i minPCMAX , P0_PUCCH PL h nCQI , n HARQ F_PUCCH F g i

PRACH Power Control:

PPRACH = min{ PCMAX , PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER + PL} dBm

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page182

Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
4.

Other Procedures
a)

Paging Procedures

b)

HARQ Operation

c)

Diversity Options

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page183

Paging Issues

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page184

DRX Reception of Paging


Subframes

Buffered in eNB

Paging Message
for this UE

eNB
DRX improves battery
performance
f
UE

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page185

Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
4.

Other Procedures
a)

Paging Procedures

b)

HARQ Operation

c)

Diversity Options

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page186

ARQ vs.
vs HARQ
ARQ
Implemented at RLC Layer
Slow Retransmission
Not optimized for Radio Interference

UE

eNB

HARQ
Not New used in HSPA and HSPA+
Implemented at MAC and PHY Layers
Fast Retransmission
Optimized for Radio Interference
Improved system efficiency

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page187

Basic Concepts of SAW


SAW (Stop
and Wait)

What is sent here?

eNB
ACK
UE acknowledges and next
transmission can be sent

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

UE

Page188

HARQ Parallel Processes


HARQ with 8
parallel
ll l processes

New
data

Retransmission

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3
eNB
A A A A A A A A A A N A A A A
UE

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page189

HARQ in the Downlink

Asynchronous adaptive HARQ.

Uplink ACK/NAKs in response to downlink (re)transmissions are


sent on PUCCH or PUSCH.

PDCCH signals the HARQ process number and if it is a


transmission or retransmission.
retransmission

Retransmissions are always scheduled through PDCCH.

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page190

HARQ in the Uplink

Synchronous HARQ.

Maximum number of retransmissions configured per UE (as


opposed to per Radio Bearer).

Downlink ACK/NAKs in response to uplink (re)transmissions are


sent on PHICH.
PHICH

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page191

Uplink HARQ Operation


HARQ
Q
feedback seen
by the UE

PDCCH seen by
y
the UE

UE behaviour

ACKorNACK

NewTransmission

NewtransmissionaccordingtoPDCCH

ACKorNACK

Retransmission

RetransmissionaccordingtoPDCCH
(adaptiveretransmission)

ACK

None

No(re)transmission,keepdatainHARQ
bufferandaPDCCHisrequiredtoresume
retransmissions

NACK

None

Nonadaptiveretransmission

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page192

Downlink ACK NACK Timing

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page193

Uplink ACK NACK Timing


PHICH
Subframe
3

Subframe
4

Subframe
5

Subframe
6

Subframe
7

Subframe
8
Downlink
l k

Subframe
3

Subframe
4

Subframe
5

Subframe
6

PUSCH

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Subframe
7

Subframe
8
Uplink

Page194

Contents
2. LTE Air Interface General Principles
4.

Other Procedures
a)

Paging Procedures

b)

HARQ Operation

c)

Diversity Options

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page195

SU MIMO and MU-MIMO


SU-MIMO
MU MIMO

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page196

Transmission Modes

Mode 1 - Single-Antenna transmission,


transmission port 0
0, no MIMO
MIMO.

Mode 2 - Transmit diversity.

Mode 3 - Transmit diversity or with Large Delays CDD is used.

Mode 4 - Transmit diversity or Closed-loop


Closed loop spatial multiplexing.
multiplexing

Mode 5 - Transmit diversity or multi user MIMO (more than one UE is


assigned to the same resource block).

Mode 6 - Transmit diversity or closed loop precoding for rank=1 (i.e.


(i e
no spatial multiplexing, but precoding is used).

Mode 7 - Single-antenna port, port 5 (beamforming).

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page197

Spatial Multiplexing MIMO

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page198

Spatial
p
Multiplexing
p
g Interference
Issues

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page199

MIMO Single Stream

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page200

Adaptive MIMO Switching

AMS Point
P i

eNB
UE

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page201

Feedback Reporting

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page202

4bit CQI Table


CQI Index

Modulation

Code Rate x 1024

Efficiency

out of range

QPSK

78

0.1523

QPSK

120

0.2344

QPSK

193

0.3770

QPSK

308

0.6016

QPSK

449

0.8770

QPSK

602

1.1758

16QAM

378

1.4766

16QAM

490

1.9141

16QAM

616

2.4063

10

64QAM

466

2 7305
2.7305

11

64QAM

567

3.3223

12

64QAM

666

3.9023

13

64QAM

772

4.5234

14

64QAM

873

5.1152

15

64QAM

948

5.5547

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page203

Contents
1. The Air interface
2 LTE Air Interface General Principles
2.
3. Dynamic Resource Allocation
3.1 Scheduling Principles and Signaling
32D
3.2
Dynamic
i and
d Semi
S iP
Persistent
i t t SScheduling
h d li

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page204

Basic Scheduling in a Cell

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page205

Q in Packet Switched Networks


QoS
Packet Schedulers and Classifiers
E-UTRAN

EPC

MME

UE
VoIP

PDN-GW
eNB
S-GW

UE
FTP

Packet
Classifier

Packet
Scheduler

VoIP

FTP

VoIP

x5

FTP

X2

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page206

Key Factors Influencing Scheduling


Uplink
Interference

Feedback
e.g. CQI

Guaranteed
Bearers

Buffer
ff
Status
UE

eNB
UE
eNB
Configuration

UE Category

Bandwidth
Configuration

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page207

Modulation and TBS Index for


PDSCH
MCS
Index

Modulation
Order

TBS
Index

MCS
Index

Modulation
Order

TBS
Index

I MCS

Qm

I TBS

I MCS

Qm

I TBS

16

15

17

15

18

16

19

17

20

18

21

19

22

20

23

21

24

22

25

23

10

26

24

11

10

27

25

12

11

28

26

13

12

29

Reserved

14

13

30

15

14

31

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page208

Contents
3. Dynamic Resource Allocation
3.1 Scheduling Principles and Signaling
3.2 Dynamic and Semi Persistent Scheduling

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page209

Dynamic Scheduling

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page210

Semi Persistent Scheduling


Semi-Persistent

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Thank you
www.huawei.com

Page211

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