HEALTH -

GRADE 7

CHANGES IN ADOLESCENTS
GROWTH- a physical change and increase in size and it can be measure.
PUBERTY- beginning of adolescence wherein the reproductive system of male and female
become active.
ADOLESCENCE- period of growth spurts and pubertal changes.
FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
1. HEREDITY- the passing of traits of parents to their off springs.
Chromosomes- thread-like structure found within the nucleus of a cell.
Genes- basic unit of heredity that carry the cells for inherited traits.
2. ENVIRONMENT- the sum total of person's surroundings
physical environment
biological environment
socio-economic environment
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM- collection of glands that control the growth, metabolism, social
development and
function of the body.
PITUITARY GLAND- often called as "master gland"- produces growth hormones which are
responsible for
growth and development of an individual.
DWARFISM- abnormalities that occurs when pituitary gland releases too little growth
hormones.
GIGANTISM- abnormalities that occurs when pituitary gland releases too much growth
hormones.
THYROID GLAND- releases THYROXIN- hormone that controls the body by using the energy
from the food you eat.
CRETINISM- person grows little and have some mental retardation. It is cause by lack of
hormones
from thyroid gland.
PARATHYROID GLAND- regulates the amount of calcium and phosphorous in the body.
ADRENAL GLANDreleases adrenaline- hormone that controls the response to stress and
amount of salt and
water in the body.
ISLETS OF LANGERHANE- produce insulin- hormone that control the level of sugar in the
blood.
OVARIES- female reproductive gland that releases progesterone and estrogen.
The ovaries are the main reproductive organs of a woman. The two ovaries produce female
hormones (estrogen
and progesterone) and eggs (ova). All the other female reproductive organs are there to
transport, nurture and
otherwise meet the needs of the eggs or developing fetus. They promote the development of
female secondary
sexual characteristics such as breasts, and are also involved in the thickening of the endometrium
and other
aspects of regulating the menstrual cycle.
The ovaries have two distinct functions:
- produce ova (eggs)
- produce female hormones
PROGESTERONE AND ESTROGEN- female hormone that controls the development of sex
characteristics during
adolescence
ESTROGEN
1. Promotes formation of female secondary sex characteristics
2. Accelerate metabolism
3. Increase fat store
4. Stimulate endometrial growth
5. Increase uterine growth
6. Increase vaginal lubrication
7. Thicken the vaginal wall
8, Maintenance of vessel and skin
9. Reduce bone desorption, increase bone
PROGESTERONE is sometimes called the "hormone of pregnancy"

- it converts the endonetrium to its secretory stage to prepare the uterus for
implantation. At the same time
progesterone affects the vaginal epithelium and cervical mucus, making it thick and
impenetrable to sperms.
If pregnancy does not occur, progesterone levels will decrease, leading in the human, to
menstruation. Normal
menstrual bleeding in progesterone- withdrawal bleeding. In addition, progesterone inhibits
lactation during
pregnancy. The fall in progesterone levels following delivery is one of the triggers for milk
reproduction.

TESTES - male reproductive gland that releases testosterone.

TESTOSTERONE- male hormone that controls the development of sex characteristics during
adolescence. Testosterone
is necessary for normal sperm development. Higher levels of testosterone were associated
with periods of sexual
activity within subjects. best between
testosterone were higher for less sexually
activities individual.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF MALE AND FEMALE - primary function is for reproduction that
contribute to growth and
development specifically the secondary sex characteristics of adolescents as well as primary
sex characteristics.

CHANGES IN FIVE DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH

PHYSICAL CHANGE
* rapid increase in height and weight
*change in circulatory and respiratory system
*change in body composition
* sudden increase in hormone production
*bones become harder and more brittle
*sweat and oil glands become more active
CHANGES IN PRIMARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS
*Reproductive organs of both boys and girls develop
* Boy experience the first release of seminal fluid or ejaculation from the penis called wet
dreams.
* Girls experience menarch or the first release of blood and fluid from vagina later called
menstruation.
CHANGES IN SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS
BOYS
* Voice become deeper
* Adam's apple become bigger
* Shoulders become wider than the hips
* Hair grows on face, body and pubic area
GIRLS
* The breast develop
*The hip become wider than the shoulder
* Hair grows on underarm and pubic area
MENTAL OR INTLLECTUAL CHANGES
* Make better decision
* Tendency to become bored with routine activities
* Think less of themselves
* Coordination of their thoughts and their action
* Can focus attention on what they want to listen
* Improvement in memory and speed in thinking

EMOTIONAL CHANGES
* More responsive to reward and stress
*More emotional that makes them open to being hurt or in danger
* Boys are sexually active
*Boys become more aggressive due to sudden increase in manufacture of hormone
SOCIAL CHANGES
* Consider approval of friends and other adolescents or peers as very important
* Enjoy being with friends
*Choose friends who share the same interest with them
* Sometimes get involved with bad company , engage in fights, vandalism, smoking, drinking,
or even drug sessions
MORAL SPIRITUAL CHANGES
* Trying to find out who they really are
*Analyze strength and weaknesses