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Date:
Expt No:
Aim:
To measure power in a single phase AC circuit using wattmeter by RLC
loading.
APPARTUS REQUIRED:
SL.No
Range / Type
Quantity
Voltmeter
(0-300V) MI
1 No.
Ammeter
(0-10A) MI
1 No.
Wattmeter
300V,10A,LPF
1 No.
RLC Load
5kW
1 No.
Connecting Wires
1/18 SWG
As per
requirement
THEORY:
Power in an electric circuit can be measured using a wattmeter. A
wattmeter consists of two coils, namely current coil and pressure coil or potential
coil. The current coil is marked as ML and pressure coil is marked as CV. The
current coil measure the quantity that is proportional to the current in the circuit
the pressure coil measures quantity that is proportional to the voltage in the
circuit. The given wattmeter is loaded by direct loading. The ammeter is
connected in series to the wattmeter. Since the same current flows in both the
coils, the current and voltage across the circuit are constant. The power
consumed by the load is measured using the wattmeter and calculated using the
relation given below.
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 1
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Fuse
1 230V
AC Supply
50Hz
(0-10)A, MI
D
P
S
T
S
NL
(0-300)V, MI
Autotransformer
230V/(0-270)V
Page 2
R
L
C
L
O
A
D
FORMULAE:
Actual power
Where W
W x Multiplication factor
Apparent power =
Where V
Voltmeter reading
Ammeter reading
PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. Initially no load is applied.
3. Autotransformer is set to minimum voltage position before switching on
the power supply.
4. Set the rated voltage by using the autotransformer. Measure and record the
values of voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter on no load condition. Also
carefully note the multiplication factor of the wattmeter that is mentioned in
the wattmeter itself.
5. Apply the load by adjusting RLC load.
6. Measure and record the values of voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter.
7. Repeat the steps 5 and 6 until the ammeter reading reaches 10A.
8. After taking all the readings, reduce the load slowly to the minimum and
bring the voltage to minimum in the autotransformer. Switch off the power
supply.
9. Calculated the Indicated power by the given formula.
10. Calculate the power factor by the given formula.
Page 3
OBSERVATION TABLE:
Multiplication Factor=
Wattmeter Reading
Sl.No
Voltage
Current
V (V)
I (A)
(watts)
Observed
Actual Power
Power Factor
(watts)
cos
Actual
MODEL CALCULATION:
Result
A single phase wattmeter is used to measure power in AC circuit using
RLC loading.
Page 4
HOUSE WIRING
Expt.No:
Date:
Aim:
To Construct House wiring using Energy Meter
METERIALS REQUIRED:
Sl.No
Switch
Range / Type
Quantity
SPST, 5A
3 Nos.
Incandescent Lamp
100W
1 No.
Lamp Holder
Batten
1No.
Ceiling rose
1No.
Socket
10A
1No.
Screws
1inch
As per required
Wires
1/18SWG
As per required
Switch Board
12x 8
1No.
Energy Meter
1 300V , 16A
750 rev 50Hz
1No.
10
1 300V , 16A
1No.
Page 5
TOOLS REQUIRED:
Sl.No
1
2
3
4
Quantity
Combination Pliers
1 No.
1 No.
Screw driver
1 No.
Electrician knife
1 No.
THEORY:
Conductors, switches and other accessories should be of proper
capable of carrying the maximum current which will flow through them. The
following table shows the rating for different accessories. Conductors should be
of copper or aluminium. In power circuit, wiring should be designed for the load
which it is supposed to carry. Power sub circuits should be kept separate from
lighting and fan sub circuits. Wiring should be done on the distribution system
with main and branch distribution boards at convenient centers. Wiring should
neat, with good appearance.
Wires should pass through a pipe or box, and should not twist or cross.
The conductor is carried in a rigid steel conduit conforming to standards or
in a porcelain tube.
Page 6
Lamp 100W
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Ceiling rose
MAIN SWITCH
ENERGY METER
DPIC
S1 S2
L2 L1
Switch Board
1 230V
AC Supply
50Hz
Page 7
PROCEDURE:
1. Study the given wiring diagram
2. Make the location points for energy meter, main witch box,
switchboard, lamp and ceiling rose.
3. Draw the lines for wiring on the wooden board.
4. Place the wires along with the line and fix.
5. Fix the bulb holder, Switches, Ceiling rose, Socket in marked
positions on the wooden board.
6. Connect the energy meter and main switch box in marked positions
on the wooden board.
7. Give a supply to the wires circuit.
8. Test the working of light and socket.
Result:
Thus the wiring for the bulb and ceiling rose was prepared and
tested.
PREPARED BY V.BALAJI, AP/EEE, DCE
Page 8
STAIRCASE WIRING
Expt.No:
Date:
Aim:
To control the status of the given lamp by using two way switches
METERIALS REQUIRED:
Sl.No
Incandescent Lamp
Range / Type
Quantity
100W
1 No
Lamp Holder
Pendent Type
1 No
SPDT Switch
230V,5A
1 No
Wires
1/18
P.V.C Pipe
1/4"
Wooden Board
1 No
Round block
1 No
As per
requirement
As per
requirement
TOOLS REQUIRED:
Sl.No
Quantity
Combination Plier
1 No
1 No
Screw driver
1 No
Electrician knife
1 No
Page 9
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Lamp 60W,
230V
N
230V, 50Hz
AC Supply
SPDT - 1
SPDT - 2
Page 10
PROCEDURE:
1. Place the accessories on the wiring board as per the circuit diagram.
2. Place the P.V.C pipe and insert two wires into the P.V.C pipe.
3. Take one wire connect one end to the phase side and other end to the
middle point of SPDT switch 1
4. Upper point of SPDT switch 1 is connected to the lower point of SPDT
switch2.
5. Lower point of SPDT 1 is connected to the upper point SPDT switch2.
6. Another wire taken through a P.V.C pipe and middle point of SPDT
switch 2 is connected to one end of the lamp holder.
7. Another end of lamp holder is connected to neutral line.
8. Screw the accessories on the board and switch on the supply.
9. Circuit is tested for all possible combination of switch position.
PRECAUTIONS:
While giving the connections be careful
Handle the lame safely
Be careful while handling the tools.
Page 11
SWITCH
Sl.No
SPDT1
SPDT2
Result
12
12
OFF / ON
12
23
OFF / ON
23
12
OFF / ON
23
23
OFF / ON
POSITION TABLE:
Page 12
Result:
Page 13
Expt..No:
Date:
Aim:
To make and check the fluorescent lamp wiring
METERIALS REQUIRED:
S.No
Range / Type
Quantity
4 ft
fluorescent lamp
40W
1 No
Choke
40W, 230V,
1 No
Starter
wires
1 No
1 No
1/18
As per
requirement
TOOLS REQUIRED:
Sl.No
Quantity
Combination Plier
1 No
1 No
Screw driver
1 No
Electrician knife
1 No
Page 14
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Starte
r
Filament
40W
Fluorescent lamp
Filament
N
P
1, 230 V ,
50Hz
AC
Supply
Page 15
THEORY:
Tube light has filament on either side. They are coated with tungsten
material. The inside of the tube has phosphorous coating which is used to
convert ultraviolet into visible light and to give the required color sensation. A
choke is used to give transient high voltage so as to initiate the electron
movement which is an iron starter capacitor is used to suppress radiointerference with the switch closed. The current flows through the choke and the
starter. The glow switch suddenly breaks thereby creating the circuit. Due to high
conductivity, inductive property of the choke, a transient high voltage is available
across the filament. Hence the electrons are emitted and travel through the tube.
Then tube light is produced.
PROCEDURE:
1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram as shown in figure.
2. Fix the tube holder and the choke in the tube.
3. The phase wire is connected to the choke and neutral directly to the
tube
4. Connect the starter in series with the tube.
PRECAUTIONS:
Result:
Page 16
Expt No:
Aim:
To measure the energy in a single in a phase phase circuit using direct
loading
APPARTUS REQUIRED:
SL.No
Range / Type
Quantity
1No.
Wattmeter
1No.
Voltmeter
300V, MI
1No.
Ammeter
10A, MI
1No.
Load
Resistive, 5kW
1No.
Wires
1 / 18 SWG
As per
requirement
THEORY:
The energy meter is an integrated type of instrument, where speed of
rotation of the aluminum to the power consumed and number of revolutions per
minute is proportional to the energy consumed by the load.
The ratings associated with the energy meter are.
Voltage rating
Current rating
Frequency rating
Meter Constant
Page 17
The driving system of the meter provides the rotational surface of the torque for
the moving system, which in turn activates the energy meter. The energy meter is
operated at induction principle in which eddy current.
Page 18
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Fuse
(0-10A)
P
1
230V
Ac Supply
50Hz
L1
M
C
D
P
S
T
S
NL
A MI S1
(0-300V)
S2
L2
MI
Resistive load
5 KW
1
Autotransformer
(0-270V)
Page 19
Indicated in the aluminum disc interacts with the main field and creates the
driving force.
FORMULAE:
Energy meter specification
True energy
P x t (ws)
n / 750 kWh
Measured energy
Page 20
OBSERVATION TABLE:
M.F ---------------Supply
Sl. No
Voltage
V
Load Current
I (A)
Wattmeter
Reading
P (W)
Time
t (sec)
True Energy
Measured
pxt
energy
1000 x 3600
n / 750 (kWh)
(kWh)
MODEL CALCULATIONS:
Page 21
Result:
Thus the energy in a single phase was measured using energy meter.
Page 22