SPE

SPE 14318
Field Application of Clean Completion Fluids
by S.S. Sollee, T.D. Elson, and M.K. Lerma, Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
SPE Members

Copyright 19S5, S@ety of Petroleum Enginwrs

This paper was prepared for presentation at the SOfhAnnual Technical Conference and Exhibitionof the Society of Petroleum Engineers held in Lss
Vegaa, NV September 22-25, 1985.
This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE Program Committee following review of informationcontained in an abstract submitted by the
author(a). Contents of the paper, as presented, have not baen reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and are subject to correctionby the
author(s).The material, as presented, does not necessarily reflect any positionof the Society of Petroleum Engineers, its officers, or members. Papers
presented at SPE meetings are subject to pubfisationreview by Editorial Committees of the Sodety of Petroleum Engineers. Permission to copy is
reafrkfed
toan abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrationsmay not be copied.
The abatract shouldcontainconspicuousacknowledgmentof where
and by whom tha paper is presented. Write Publications Manager, SPE, P.O. Flex S33SSS, Rkhardaon, TX 75083-3S36. Telex, 7309SS SPEDAL.

ABSTRACT
Region
hss
recently
Western
Chevron U.S.A.s
utilized clean completion fluids in several new
wells. This paper describes fluid changeover and
monitoring techniques used in these wells.
The
success of the procedures is supported by fluid
analysia (total suspended solids and particle size
distribution) and well performance results.

-,.

Lecnrnqiies f~r changing Over fr~m ~rilling mud to

will
be
before
perforating
completion
brine
In offshore areaa, drilling mud ia
discussed.
displaced with several hole volumes of seawater
followed by a flush containing a surface active
agent to remove mud or debris attached to casing or
Completion brine is then cirworkstring walla.
culated and filtered until well returns are clear.
Onshore, a high viscosity pill is used to displace
the drilling mud followed by the surfactant and the
filtered completion fluid.
TurhiditY Of completion fluids has been correlated
to total suspended solids (TSS) to allow fluid
quality monitoring at the wellsite. TSS has aleo
been measured directly on location. All on-site
sampling and monitoring is followed by laboratory
---~ .-~. ~ki<k i~~~~de~ dete~ination of particle
uI1uLj.mAD
size distribution. This haa allowed evaluation of
equipment and techniques used in the changeover
pr~graas ,
In this study, most of the wells were changed over
less than 100 mgjl
to e~iiIPkti~~,f~did .cECCiCIQg
.
TSS with
90% of the particles smaller than
10 taicrona. Productivity of these weiis has eithsr
met or exceeded expectations.
Pressure buildup
surveys have typically shown no akin damage.

References and illustrations at end of paper.

INTRODUCTION
Clean completion fluids are used to prevent formaIt ia
tion damage caused by solids plugging.
widely recognized that well productivity can be
impaired by solids bridging i? Sformation pore
These solids
throats and perforation tunnels. are not easily removed by stiatulation treatments
such as perforation washing or acidizing.
Much of the attention related to clean completion
fluids has been focused on surface fi~tratio~
~=chaiqde~.6-9 Hn=ever
is
only one Of
--------; filtratiOll
the considerations for obtaining and maintaining a
Other
clean completion fluid at the wellsite.
equipment in the circulating syetem such as settling tanks, pill pits and transfer lines must also
be properly designed and supervised. In addition,
steps must be taken to remove solids from the
wellbore ao that the filtered fluid circulated into
the well will still be clean when it reaches the
completion interval.
The application of clean completion fluids must be
a thoroughly planned and strictly supervised
proceaa in order to be successful. This paper will
discuss procedures for utilizing clean completion
fluids in caeed hole completions. Applications in
two areas are covered, one an offshore installation
and the other an urban drillsite. These sites are
~~ ~~Q separate California oil fielde.
Each
location has a unique set of operating conditions
which directly affect how clean fluids are incorporated into the well completion program.
We
believe that the operating conditions in each area
are among the most restrictive that would be
encountered in the oilfield; thus, application in
other areas should be practicai.

COMPLETION DESIGNS
This section describes completion deaigna for the
two areas in which clean fluids application were
studied.

FIELD

APPLICATION

OF

CLEAN

Results from wells in the offshore location come

from a platform located in Federal waters off
Southern California. These wells were directionally drilled to depths of around 4000 ft vertical
subsea (VSS). While some deviations were as high
as 60 from vertical, the angles were dropped so
that the completion intervals had a deviation of
unconsolidated
were
Target
zones
5-15.
Pleistocene to Miocene sands with net pay of up to
700 ft containing 15-18 API oil. Well completions
used 9-5/8 in. casing selectively perforated and
gravel packed using 5-1/2 in. wirewrapped screen
Changeover
from
gravel.
20-30 U.S. mesh
and
drilling mud to clean completion fluid was done
after all cementing operations were completed in
the 9-5)8 in. casing.

COMPLETION

FLUIDS

SPE
seawater

14318
until

5.

Flush wellbore again with

clarity reaches 30 NTU.

6.

Circulate filtered KC1 brine into wellbore and

continue circulation until well returns reach
30 NTU for at least one hole volume.

In all steps, reverse circulate, pump fluid at

highest practical ratea and reciprocate pipe every
15 minutes. Figure 1 shows utilization of drilling
surface lines, tanks and pumps during completion
fluid circulation.

Onshore
Results from wells in the onshore location come
from an urban drillsite located in Southern
California. These wells reached depths of around
7400 ft VSS with maximum deviations of 52 from
vertical.
The pay target was a Miocene aand
containing 3.4 API oil, the main body having a
thickness of 100-200 ft. The production caaing was
a 7 in. liner. After changeover from drilling mud
to completion fluid, the wells were generally
then
underbalanced
and
placed
on
perforated
production.

1.

Run scraper on drillpipe to bottom of casing.

2.

fluid
drilling
through
Reverse
circulate
surface cleaning facilities to remove solida
while diverting cleaned mud to storage.

3.

Clean all surface lines and tanks using high

pressure hosea.

4.

Make up 900+ bbla completion brine and atore

in portable tanks.

5.

Prepare pill pita as follows:

CHANGEOVER PROCEDURES
It should be noted that we do not consider a simple
swapping of drilling mud with a clean completion
Clean completion
fluid aa a proper changeover.
fluid should be circulated into place until the
.
well returns are aiao !!c~eafill
Filtered brine
should be circulated at a high rate with the
returns filtered to ensure optimum removal of
residual solids from the wellbore.
Changeover operations may vary from location to
location depending on available equipment and
In this study these factora signifiresources.
cantly affected procedures for the offshore versus
For example, seawater waa
onshore changeovers.
used in offshore wells to flush the wellbore clean
before attempting to circulate the completion brine
into place. Because of cost and availability, no
..
L
such method could be used at me onanore
Iscatic?..
The step-by-step procedure for both locationa are
shown below.

Offshore
1.

Clean all surface lines and tanka using high

pressure hosas.

2.

Run bit and positive scraper on drillpipe to

bottom of casing.

3.

Flush wellbore with seawatar at high rate

(10-14 bbl/min).
Stop seawater flush when
clarity improves to 30 NTU as measured by a
turbidity meter.

4.

Flush wellbore with two hole volumes of

seawater containing I% surfactant (surfactant
action is to remove solids attached to metal
surfaces such as lines and caaing walls).

a.

75 bbl completion brine.

b.

~~ ~~~ v~scoag pill.

c.

110 bbl completion brine with 2% surfactant (same as offshore area).

6.

Displace drilling fluid from well with viscous

pill followed by 110 bbl completion brine
containing 2% aurfactant. Ship drilling fluid
returna to storage.

7.

Follow chemical pill (step 6) with completion

brina. After viscous and chemical pills have
been displaced, change to closed system and
circulate cleaii -4*U.&..= while filtering well
Circulate until effluent solids
returns.
content approximates influent content.

In the above steps pipe is reciprocated to enhance

solids removal.
Figure 2 shows utilization of
surface lines and tanks during completion fluid
circulation.

COMPLETION FLUID MONITORING

Application of clean completion fluids in cased
hole wells begins with a changeover of the drilltng
fluid to a clear brine.
Although significant
formation damage may occur while drilling the pay
and running and cementing the casing, we believe
that the most critical area for the clean fluids
application is during the changeover step.
An
effective changeover to clean fluid minimizes
damage during perforating and provides a clean
environment for subsequent completion operations.

SPE

14318

s.

s.

SOLLEE,

T. D.

For this study, completion fluid quality waa

monitored during changeover operations by collecting one quart samples of fluid returning from the
well (see Figures 1 and 2) and at points upstream
and downstream of the filters. Samples were taken
approximately every one-half hour.
Fluid cleanliness was evaluated at the wellsite
using one of two techniques. In one, turbidity of
each sample was measured uafng a portable turbidimeter to provide a relative measure of fluid
clarity for the engineer at the wellsite. As will
be discussed later, turbidity raadings may also be
used to estimate total suspended solids content.
The other technique waa a direct measure of total
suspended aolida content by gravimetric analysis.
Use of this technique was limited to the onshore
urban drillsite becauae it requirea a special
working space which is not alwaya available at
The
conventional offshore or onshore sites.
analysis ia also time-consuming and requirea
analytical laboratory equipment and expertise.
Fluid samples taken at wellsites were sent to a
laboratory for additional analyaia.
The total
suspended solids (TSS) in all collected samples waa
determined by gravimetric analysis of solids
filtered onto a 0.45 micron membrane pad. Particle
size distribution of selected ssmplea (normally
filter effluent and final well returna) was determined using an automated particle size analyzer
which measures partfcles down to 1 micron based on
a light blockage principle. In this paper, particle size distribution will be discussed in terms of
the 90th percentile particle diameter, D90, and the
percent of particlea smaller than 2 microns.
The fluid analyaes discussed above were used to
evaluate t-he procedures and f%~t~i sqiiipiiier.tGsed
for each changeover operation. In addition, total
suapendad
aolida was plotted
against on-site
turbidity readinga to continually update a TSS va
turbidity correlation.
Figure 3 shows the relationship between TSS and turbidity for the completion fluid used in the offshore area wells. This
data served as a useful baais for monitoring fluid
cleanlineaa at the wellsite.
FLUID CLEANLINESS CRITERIA
We have used analysia of solids content in the
completion fluid to determine when well fluids are
clean and thus a changeover is completed. Fluid
returning from the well ia monitored using turbidity or direct TSS measurementa, and circulation ia
generally not stopped until the completion fluid
meets a predeterminad cleanlineaa criteria.
We believe that criteria for defining a clean
completion fluid must strike a balance between the
desire to avoid formation damage and the reality of
wellsite operation.
Data from the caaed hole
complatlons in this stiiciystiggest tb,at a total
suspended solids contents of 100 mgfl or less for
fluid circulated from a cased hole wellbore can
consistently be achieved.
Use of the 100 mg/1
cleanliness criteria appears to be suitable for tha
field operationa we studied because:
1.

Total suspended solids can be determined at

the wellsite
directly
or estimated
from
turbidity,

ELSON,

AND

M. K.

LERMA

2.

It represents a solids load only slightly

greater than that of typical filter effluent
solids load.

3.

Particle size distribution in filtered completion fluid containing 100 mg/1 or less usually
haa more than 50% particles smaller than
2 microns,
a
size diatributi;n
generally
--- -- A ==
.. a -=...-=
A.=-+-n.+
~bje~tive,
a UGUePLeu

4.

It can be achieved within a reasonable time

period and cost.

Data supporting
these atatementa is presented in
..
the following aectiona.

RESULTS
Data collected from the offshore and onshore araaa
has been used to evaluate the equipment and procedures used in the changeover operation.
Fluid
analysia data diacuased earlier, la used to evaluate two filter typea and the effectiveness of the
chemical aurfactant sweep. Overall performance of
the changeover program is evaluated in terms of the
quality of the final circulated well returns, cost
and well productivity.

Filters
Absolute cartridge filters were originally used in
the offshore circulating ayatem to anaure that the
completion fluid be within a desired particle size
ranga. Ten micron abaolute cartridge filters were
chosen becauae of coat considerations and becauae
it waa felt the filter could provtde a particle
size cutoff somewhat better than 10 micron if
operated at a proper flow density.
Observed solids removal by the 10 micron absolute
cartridge filters is stnmnarized in Table 1. Note
that effluent quality waa typically about 80 mg/1
TSS with
most
particles
(D~O) smaller
than
10 microns and with 50% of tha particles smaller
than 2 microns. Note that the influent fluid had
about 200 mg/1 TSS, a D90 value greater than
10 microns and only about 20% of the particles
smaller than 2 microns.
Although solids removal by the absolute cartridge
filters waa considered adequate, their use was
discontinued due to excessive downtime required for
changing out cartridges.
The absolute cartridge
filters tended to plug easily if trace amounts of
contaminant such as HEC polymer or mineral oil
(residue from drilling operation) became entrained
in the completion fluld. On one well, the entire
filter system had to be changed out four times in
four hours. Besides adding cost to the completion,
~beliava
downtime defeata effective well cleanup
by allowing entrained aolida to settle out in the
wellbore.
Subsequently, Diatomaceoua Earth (DE) filters were
used in the offshore area with improvad raaulta.
DE filters proved to possess superior capacity to
handle
high
and
variable
solids
loada
and
contaminants. Most of the changeovers wera completed without having to change diatomaceous earth
filter media in the filter press.

FIELD

APPLICATION

OF

CLEAN

Solids removal by the DE filters is summarized in

Table 2. The filters provided an effluent with 10
to 60 mg/1 TSS, a DgO value less than 10 microns
and approximately 50% of the particlea smaller than
2 microns. The effluent TSS is significantly lower
for the DE filters compared to the cartridge-only
system discussed earlier.
The only operating problem noted for the DE filters
the
bleedthrough
of
filter media.
has been
Bleedthrough is most often noted at the beginning
of the job when a stable coating of DE on the
filter press screens is not established.
DE
bleedthrough waa prevented from contaminating the
well fluids by using a 25 micron nominal cartridge
filter downstream of the filter press.

Surfactant Sweep
Circulation of a surfactant was evaluated in the
~::+ere
mapletior.s te determine if iE could
improve removal of solids from the wellbore.
Removal of solids clinging to the casing or other
surfaces such as surface lines ia considered an
extremely important step, as these solids could
contaminate the filtered completion fluid when it
is circulated through the well.
In addition, any
solids remaining on the caaing walls at the concluthe
~Q~JI~
eve~gIJ~I@
plug
SiG?a
Cf
th
Cb.ZE~~CV~~
perforations or gravel pack.
Suspended solids content of circulated well returna
during a typical changeover is illustrated in
Figure 4.
After running a scraper and flushing
with seawater, the solids load normally stabilizes
at a level below 100 mgll indicating that most of
1.. mc.v,==~~~
tk? ...4
=aOA.y
SdidS
i?l
the
veubme
have

been removed. When the surfactant sweep is circulated, solids content often rises over 1000 mgfl
as the surfactant frees up particulate attached to
the
casing
by
reducing
interracial
tension.
Another flush of seawater ie circulated to pick up
any solide loosened by the surfactant that may have
strung out through the well.
Finally, when the
completion fluid is circulated through the well, it
picks up only a minor amount of additional solids.
The results of using the surfactant demonstrate
that even after scraping the well and flushing with
seawater, solids will remain attached to the casing
walls. Circulation of a surfactant or some other
type of sweep that can scour the casing (such as an
abrasive) is needed to remove these solids. We
believe chemical methods are more effective because
abrasives may not effectively contact surfaces due
to flow regime effects.
For example, low fluid
velocity at pipe walla, most significant in laminar
s~ abra=
fiow, probably reduces
the e~~eetivk?iiam
sive scouring.
Also , abrasive pills
(walnut
shells) used in the onshore -completions were
observed to string out and contaminate the completion fluid.
Changeover Fluid Quality
The overall success of the changeover procedural is
demonstrated by the quality of the circulated well
returns that are achieved. Circulated well returns
indicate cleanliness of both the filtered fluid and
of the wellbore.

COMPLETION

FLUIDS

SPE

14318

Tablea 3 and 4 summarize data for the final completion fluid returns from the offshore and onshore
In most cases, the circulated returns
wells.
stabilized at the TSS indicated for at leaat one
hole volume prior to stopping circulation. Note
that the majority of the wells were left with fluid
containing 100 mg/1 TSS or less and with a Dgo
smaller than 10 microns. Also, Table 3 shows that
typically about 50% of the particlea were smaller
than 2 microne. The quality of these well returns
ia the basis for establishing the 100 mgil cleanliness criteria as a practical standard for cased
hole completions.

As mentioned before, turbidity was used in the

offshore area as an onsite meaaure of fluid
cleanllneas. We found that when the turbidity of
the completion fluid was 30 NTU or less, TSS was
ge~era~ly ~s.s~ than 100 mgfl aa determined from
sampling and laboratory analysia.
As Table 4
shows, most changeovers were ended when turbidity
reached 30 NTU or less.
However, this did not
guarantee that the TSS would be less than 100 mg/1
(note wells D-4, D-5 am? D-6). 1!? facts Fi~ure 3
shows a significant scatter of points in the TSS Turbidity relationship. In spite of this, we feel
that there is a reasonable statistical basis for
using turbidity criteria under the conditions at
the offshore site in this study. These data should
not be applied to other areas as fluid-type and
well conditions would dictate development of a
separate aet of criteria.

Results from the onshore site, shown chronologically in Table 4, indicate a significant improvement
in Wells P-ii and F-8. in these wells iise Gf TX
filters, high viscosity pills and a chemical sweep
directly improved changeover results compared to
the other wells shown. Abraafve pills containing
walnut shells created problems in Wells P-9 and
P-13 by stringing out in the circulating stream
and, in Well P-9, by plugging the pump intake
resulting in downtime.
In Well P-5, use of
10 micron absolute cartridge filters proved to be a
poor application to cleaning well fluids (final
well returns had 500 mgll, TSS).

Productivity

Production results from wells which used clean

fluid
completion
practices
improved
indicate
where
rigorous
productivity
over
completions
attention to cleanliness was not observed. In the
offshore wells of this study, this is particularly
.1msr
results
of
----- ~~.~~ comparing productivity
exploratory veraus the development wells where
clean fluids were used in the latter only. Table 5
shows akin factors calculated from pressure buildup tests for three exploratory wells. The positive
skins contrast with the negative values that were
calculated in four out of the five tests shown in
Table 6. While theee results cannot be explained
in terms of clean fluids alone, we believe that
their uae
contributed directly by minimizing
formation damage by solids plugging and indirectly
by introducing quality control and attention to
detail to the entire well completion operation.

... .
PE 14318

%,

so

s.

SOLLEE,

T. D.

E ON,

AND

M.

K, LERMA

cost

S1 METRIC CONVERSION FACTOR

The cost of the clean fluid completion practicea

described in this paper is divided into into three
with
associated
are
coats
They
categories.
filtering, chemicals and rigtime.

ft x 3.048*
in x 2.54*
bbl X 1.589 873

an
example, the offshore clean fluids application averaged $35,000 per job. The breakdown into
the categories listed above was as follows:

AS

$14,000
$ 6,000
$15,000

Filtering
Chemical
Rigtime

filtering cost - included operation during

The
perforation washing and gravel packing as well as
the
initial changeover to completion fluid from
drilling mud. The rigtime figure is based on added
-,- .-.d..- f~-.l..a~mthm
c~emLc~l
flush) over and
CLEciiAULUJAL
\A..bA-s----~
---above a simple swapping of drilling mud by completion fluid in order to achieve significaii? solids
removal from the wellbore. This amounted to about
twelve hours per job (see Table 7).

REFERENCES
1.

Completion Fluids for

Millhone, R. S.:
Maximizing Productivity - State of the Art,
J. Pet. Tech. (January 1983), 47-55.

2.

An Overview of Formation
Krueger, R. F.:
Damage and Well Productivity in Oil Field
Operations, SPE 10029 presented at 1981 SPE
~r,tsrra=tic?.g~ petroleum
and
Exhibition
China,
Beijing,
Symposium,
Technical
March 18-26.

3.

Msly, G. P.: close Attention to the Smallast

Job Details Vital for Minimizing Formation
1976 SPE
presented
at
SPE 5702
Damage,
Formation Damage Control Symposium, Houston,
Jan. 29-30.

4.

Shaw, C. R. and Rugg, F. E.: Clean Fluids

Lead to Better Completions, SPE 4778 presented at 1974 SPE Formation Damage Control
Symposium, New Orleans, Feb. 7-8.

5.

Rike, J. L.: The Relationship Between Clean

Fluids and Effective Completions, SpE 9426
presanted at the 1980 SPE Annual Technical
Dallas,
Exhibition,
and
Conference
Sept. 21-24.

6.

Study of
Sparlin, D. and Guidry~ J. P.:
Filters Used for Filtering Workover Flu%da,
SPE 7005 presented at 1978 Formation Damage
c.*
~.it=$
~afayette$
Feb. 13-16.
n-- ..-I
Uuut.,up-

CONCLUSIONS

1.

Turbidity is a useful
suspended solids.

2.

Diatomsceous aarth filters in combination with

a cartridge filter more easily handles large
1= .----afilias ~~ad~ compared to a
=36 .v.ari=~
cartridge-only system.
Uae of filters to reduce soiida loads 20 less
than 100 mgll generally yields a size range
with a D90 less than 10 microns and 50%
particies less than 2 ~i~iGES.

3.

4.

indicator

of

total

Chemical sweeps remove significant residual

solids even after scraping and flushing the
wellbore at high rates.

7.

. ...
Cf
Sharp, K. W. and Allen, E. T.: Fil.tratiOrb
Oil Field Brines - A Conceptual overview,
1982 Formation Damage
SPE 10657 presented at
. aympu5*um,
...
-_*.. Tse..+*Ma**h
~&~~,
uontro&
-=L-JS&.=,
..=----

8.

Barron, W. C., Young, J. A. and Munson, R. E.:

M}!e%.Cczcept - uig~ Density Brine Filtration
Utilizing a Diatomaceous Earth Filtration
System, SPE 10658 presented at 1982 Formation
Lafayette,
Control
Symposium,
Damage
March 24-25.

9.

How Clean
Wilson, J. C.:
Engineer
Petroleum
(August 1982), 120-124.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions
of E. J. Helsel, T. D. Ervin and D. J. Humphreys of
Chevron Oil field Research Company,
and R. c.
Temple of Chevron U.S.A., Inc.

E-01 = m
E=OO = cm
E-01 = mg

*conversion is exact.

The total cost listed above, $35,000, rePresenta

less than 2% of total well coats.

~eeed OR our Study at an offshore and an onshore

development site we feel that clean completion
fluids can be incorporated into well operationa in
a practical, cost effective manner. Application of
clean fluids, beginning with changeover steps, has
minimized formation damage by solids plugging
well
operationa.
throughout
completion
Additionally, we observed:

ia Claan?.
International

TAELE 1
~

~~~~~

TEN MICRON ABSOLUTECARTRIDGEFILTER PERFUNNATION

Filter Influent

Well =

D-4

D-5

TSS

(u/l)

ParticleSize
(D90)

Filter Effluent
ParticleSize
Z Smaller2vm

(m/l)

TsS

208

7.3

22

185

8.9

16

67

143

S.8

19

S4

235

15.0

12

101

121

14.9

19

76

117

134

13.5

16

52

264

5.4

18

48

336

S.8

15

65

10

103

251

7.5

35

186

11.5

19

% Smaller Zum

@90)

81

5.4

45

8.9

18

86

5.2

52

71

4.8

54

55

89

TABLE 2
DIAKN$ACEOUS
SARTN FILTER PERFORMANCE
Filter lnfluent

Well

(m.s/1)

ParticleSize
(D90)

Filter Effluent
ParticleSize

(tug/l)

@90)

Z Smaller2um

32

2.6

7s

81

43

6.o

54

97

33

7.7

43

89

32

6.5

48

13

9.3

35

6.6

45

TSS

% Smaller2pm

TSS

242

21

116

63

D-12

193

D-14

1
2

0-11

0-15

447

222

137

22

15.1

30

36
5.s

45

5
12

TABLE 3
TASLE 4
B-Y

OP FINAL CIRCULATEDWSLL ~S

FRDN TNE OFFSHOREARM

ParticleSize (D90)

11
G

SUNM5Y OF FINAL CIRCUIATSDWSLL

RETORNSFRDN TNE ONSHOREAREA
% Sadler 2P

D-2

9.5

35

D-3

5.4

48

500
124
140

D-4

136

10.5

27

D-5

146

6.2

37

P-13

D-6

102

D-8

78

D-9

50

D-10

(u@/l)

P-5
P-9

5.3

TSS

P-n

20

P-8

23

67

6.0

54

95

5.5

49

D-n

24

81

4.4

72

D-12

72

193
52

0-13

3s

7.7

D-14

22

40

4.9

0-15

2s

90

4.5

50

D-17

30

95

7.1

35

..-

TABLE 5
PRODUCTIONlIATAFROM SSPLORATORYWELLS
Well

E-l

ProductionRate, BOPD

E-4

186

Skin Factor*

+4

62

+2

E-7

+12

*Skin Determinedfrom shut-inpressurebuild-upanalysis.

F mm

Mud Pumps

TABLE 6

PRODUCTIONDATA PROM DEVELOPMENTWELLS WHICH USED CLSAN FLUIDS

Well

D-1

Productic.n
Rate, BOPD*

D-6

420

-!1.6

D-7

999

+3.3

D-8

900

-:3.9

D-12

210

-2.6

Skin Factor**

-11.9

f2es tie
.

4
Suction
Brine
MakAlp
Tank

k-

:Iean
lrine
iOID BBLS

*InitialProductionis average for first 30 days.

IE

**skin determinedfrc.mshut-inpressurebuildup analysis.

Mud
Pumps
F

TABLE 7

To Well
.
+-

HOURS OP CIRCULATIONDURING CHANGEOVER- OFFSHORE

Total
Well

D-1
D-2
D-3
D-4
o-5
D-6
D-7
D-B
D-9
D-10
D-n
D-12
D-13
D-14
D-15
D-17
D-18

Seawater
FLush

3
2.5
2.5
2.75
5.5
7.25
2
0
3.5
3.75
3.25
1.5
1.5
3.75
5.25
;.25

Chemical
Flush
.4.5
1.25
2
2.25
3.5
4.5
a
0
5.5
3.5
2.75
2
1.5
2.25
4.25
1.75
2

Seawater
Flush
0
9
9
9
e
0
9
e
0
9
2.5
S.75
2.5
4
2
1.75
2.5

Changeover
to kCl
Downtime*
4

2.25
2.25
4

5.5
3.5
2
4.5
6.5
2.25
5
4.25
3
1.75

*Dcwntimedue to rig pumps and filtermalfunctionor

changeout

1.25
.5
.5
e
3.5
2.5
e
1
2
.15
1
3.75
.75
3.5
e
e
e

Cha1n8e0ver

. Time
12.5
6.5
7.5
9
lB.5
26.5
9
6.5
14.5
10
14
22.5
8.5
lB.5
15.75
13.5
9.5

Sample Point
for Well Returns

F@lm 1
Circufwtionof FiltsmdBrim Cluring
Changaowr(Offthom)

Filter
Pump

1 1

gg!

1!,1,1

/
1

,,/6~)
,aw03 SP!IOS
PP.~.s

Ivaol

0
0

.
:

0
0
0
0

0: