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1.0 Introduction
The drilling machine or the drill press is essential in any
metalworking shop. Although drill presses are manufactured in a
wide variety of types and sizes, all drilling machine contain certain
basic parts. A bench type sensitive drill press (pillar drill) is shown
in fig 1.
Column- Accurate cylindrical post that fits into the base. The
table is fitted to the column and may be adjusted to any point
between the base and the head.
Table- Either round or rectangular in shape, it is used to
support the workpiece to be machined.
Other types of drilling machines: Upright, radial and numerical
control drilling machines.
Point
The point of a twist drill consists of the chisel edge, lips, lip
clearance and heel. The chisel edge is the chisel-shaped portion of
the drill point. The lips are the cutting edges and must be equal in
length and have the same angle so that the drill will run true and
does not cut a hole larger than the size of the drill. The clearance is
the relief ground to the point of the drill extending from the cutting
lip back to the heel. The average lip clearance is from 80 to 120,
depending on the hardness or softness of the material to be drilled.
Fig. 6
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5.0 Feed
Feed is the distance that a drill advances into the work for each
revolution. Since the feed rate is a determining factor in the rate of
production and the life of the drill, it should be carefully chosen for
each job. The rate of feed is generally governed by:
The diameter of the drill.
The material of the workpiece.
The condition of the drilling machine.
A general rule of thumb is that the feed rate as the drill size
increases. A drill size of 6mm, e.g., will have a feed of only 0.05 to
0.1mm, while a 25mm drill will have a feed of 0.25 to 0.63 per
revolution. Too coarse a feed may chip the cutting edges or break
the drill. Too light a feed causes chattering or scraping noise,
which quickly dulls the cutting edges of the drill.
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k CS
D
D is Drill Diameter
V (or CS) is cutting speed (a Handbook Value)
N = machine speed in revolutions/minute (rpm)
k is a constant to correct speed (V) and part diameter (D i )
Units
V given in surface feet per minute, D1 in inches: k = 12
V given in meters per second, D1 in mm: k = 60000
V given in meters per minute, D1 in mm: k = 1000
If CS for a given rpm rate is desired, CS = ND/k
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B.
CT
(L + A )
fr* N
A is a llo w a n c e ; u s u a lly
f
D
2
is d rill fe e d ra te
L is le n g th o f H o le
C.
MRR =
Vol . Removed D 2 Lf r N D 2 f r N
=
=
CT
4L
4
6.1 Example
Calculate the r/min required to drill a 15 mm hole in tool steel
using a high-speed steel drill. Assume the cutting speed = 18
m/min.
r/min= [18x320]/15
= 384
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15
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Fig. 9
1. Spot the hole location using a centre punch
The chisel edge at the end of the web on most drills is generally
wider than the centre punch mark on the work, and therefore it is
difficult to start a drill at the exact location. To prevent the drill
from wandering off centre, it is considered good practice to first
spot every centre punch mark and provide a guide for the larger
drill which will be used.
2. Mount the correct drill in the drill chuck.
3. Set the drill press to the proper speed for the size of drill and the
type of material to be drilled.
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4. Fasten a clamp.
5. Mount the work on parallels in a drill vice and tighten it
securely.
6. With the vice against the table top, locate the spotted hole under
the centre of the drill.
7. Start the drill press spindle and begin to drill the hole.
8. Raise the drill occasionally and apply cutting fluid during the
drilling operation.
9. Ease up the drilling pressure as the drill starts to break through
the workpiece.
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