1

Title of the paper

Author11 , Author22 , Author31,2 , author41 and author52

AbstractThe results indicate, as the number of admitted

users is increased, the throughput is also increased by allocating
more power while satisfying the interference constraint.

I. I NTRODUCTION
E-Healthcare is the integration of digital data processing,
[1] computing and communication technology into the
Rough Citation. [2], [1], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?],
[?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?],
[?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?],
[?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?],
[?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?],
[?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?],
[?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?], [?],
[?], [?], [?], [?].
A. Notations
shows the key notations used in the this paper. The description of each notation is discussed in next section. [2]
B. Organization of the paper
ommunicate with the central processing point. Section III
presents [?]the numerical results and analytical observations
related to the simulation results. Conclusion is drawn and
future work is highlighted in section IV.
II. TABLES
A. Weighted Resource Maximization Problem
Based on the system model, a multi-objective optimization
problem is formulated for joint admission control and green
power allocation in cognitive radio network, using weighted
sum method. We transform our multi-objective formulation
into a min-max formulation for convenience. [?], [?], [?], [?],
[?] The first objective is to maximize the number of selected
users, that is,
||
(1)
max
|K|
Here pk is the source power of kth secondary user in kth user
band. p is a vector, p=[p1 , p2 , p3 ......pk ]. || is number of
selected users (or admitted users). K is number of secondary
users that can potentially communicate to CPP. We divide the
number of admitted users by the total number of secondary
users in order to maximize the percentage of admitted users
in the wireless network. Minimization of the defined objective
function can be expressed as under: Final problem formulation
1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ...... 2: Department
of -, university of-, pakistan.

has four constraints. The condition C1 specifies that the total

transmission power in the uplink to be less than the maximum
of source power for all secondary users. The condition C2
ensures that the interference between secondary user and
primary user is always in the allowable range [?]. This is
very important for all electronic and medical devices working
properly in a hospital using the same frequency spectrum. Here
we assume that all K channels can be used by primary user m,
and the total interference from all the K channels for primary
user m is kept below a threshold Im . The condition C3 ensures
that every transmission of secondary user k has a good quality.
The fourth constraint C4 is used to limit the transmit power of
different users and ensure that the EMI to the protected users
is not increased beyond the specified limit . For a protected
user l, Ekl is the electric field from secondary user k to a
protected device l. dlk is the distance between the protected
user l and the secondary user k. Z is constant from the freespace impedance of protected device l.
So the resource allocation problem has been formulated as
a multi-objective convex mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problem. We use weighted sum method for
this to combine the multiple objectives in the optimization
problem with w1 , w2 , w3 weights assigned to call admission
control, green power allocation and maximizing throughput to
secondary users respectively. So the overall objective function
is expressed as follows:
III. N UMERICAL R ESULTS
Finally, simulation results are recorded and analyzed.
A. Value Assignment
The values are assigned to all notations including constants and variables. A medium scale eHealth infrastructure
is considered in this paper. the number of secondary users
in the eHealth center is equal or less than 10. Therefore,
the number of secondary user K=2,3,4...10. The number of
protected users and primary users is assumed to be less than
half of the number of secondary users because they do not
always transmit signals. Privileged users are generally in the
minority. Therefore, the number of primary and protected users
is M=L=1,2,3,4,5 .
B. Results
Simulation is performed initially by considering only two
secondary users in the hospital. Thus, in this case, K=2,
M =1, L=1. The CPP is located in the middle of this eHealth
center on the ceiling. Out of two secondary users, one is in
the large nursing unit, the other is in the protected area along

TABLE I: Trends in UWB Antennas and Notching

Ref Feed
Type

Substrate
Size
B

B.W Enhanced
C

Notched Band

Notch.Band/S
Parameter
G

Antenna
Patch Shape
I

Remarks

No.of
Notches
E

[?]
[?]
Microstrip

[?]

CPW
7

TABLE II: Band Width Enhancement

Ref.No

Size(mm)

Enhanced BW(GHz)

Technnique

[7]

12*18*1.6

3.05-15.27

By cutting a rotated T-shaped slit in ground plane

[15]

12*18*1.6

2.91-14.1

inverted T-shaped slot on patch and a ground plane with an inverted T-shaped conductor-backed plane

[31]

30*22*1.6

2.57-16.72

Rectangular slot on the top side of ground plane

[32]

30*41*1.6

2.4-24.3

M shape slot on the bottom of patch and T shape ground plane

[46]

11*16*1.6

3.9-21.4

Three notches in two corner of patch

[101]

35*23*1.6

3.1-16

By Inserting Hexagonal Slot on Ground Plane

[102]

12*18*1.6

3.09-18.3

By cutting a pair of rotated Lshaped slots and also by embedding a pair of rotate L-shaped conductor-backed plane

with the single protected user. Primary user is also in the

large nursing unit but relatively far away from the secondary
user [?]. .
Results are plotted showing number of admitted users, total
power, value of the optimization function and secondary user
throughput with different values of interference, Im and the
total power Ps allowed in the system [?]
IV. R ELATED WORK (E NERGY M ANAGEMENT P ROBLEM
IN M ICROGRIDS )
shows total transmit power versus number of secondary
users. When Im equals I, the total power increases gradually

from 2.71E-04 to 8.00E-04 as the number of admitted users

increases. When Im equals 5I and the number of admitted
users are less than or equal to 6, there is no significant change
in total power. As the number of admitted users is increased
beyond 6, there is rapid increase in the total power contrary
to the case when Im equals I, which means more transmitting
power is allowed since we increase the interference level Im .
When Im equals 0.5I, the curve has similar trend as the normal
case but the value of it is much lower since we lower the
interference level Im which impacts the constraint C2.

V. C ONCLUSION
As the number of secondary users are increased, the objective function value increases gradually. So minimization
of the objective function gives the optimal trade off among
maximization of admitted users, maximization of throughput,
minimization of interference and minimization of carbon dioxide emission.
R EFERENCES
[1] A. Zolfagharian, M. Azarmanesh, and M. Ojaroudi, Ultra-wideband
small square monopole antenna with variable frequency notch band characteristics using an interdigital slot, Microwave and Optical Technology
Letters, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 262267, 2012.
[2] A. Valizade, C. Ghobadi, J. Nourinia, and M. Ojaroudi, A novel design
of reconfigurable slot antenna with switchable band notch and multiresonance functions for uwb applications, IEEE Antennas and Wireless
Propagation Letters, vol. 11, pp. 11661169, 2012.