A sterile object is free of:

All viable microorganisms and viruses

Chemical additives, such as benzoic acid, prevent the growth of undesirable
organisms in foods and beverages
Which of the following are physical ways to remove or destroy microbes?
Incineration, autoclave, ultraviolet radiation, filtration
This type of radiation is highly penetrating and destroys DNA and possibly
cytoplasmic membrane
Ionizing.
Metal compounds inactivate the proteins of microbes.
All of the following are examples of chemical germicides, except:
UV radiation
Depth filters work by the following mechanism:
Electrical charges help to retain microbial cells, microbes are trapped in the
complex matrix
Antiseptics are chemicals used to decrease the number of microbes on living tissues
Eliminating most or all pathogens in or on a material:
Disinfection
Nitrates and nitrites may be converted to nitrosamines which are carcinogenic.
In food production, methods used to destroy, remove or inhibit the growth of
microbes in food include:
Irradiation, chemical additives, Heat
Which of the following are physical means of removing or destroying microbes?
Filtration
Derivatives of phenol, called phenolics, are the active ingredient in Lysol.
What are the effects of increasing the pressure of water in an autoclave?
Increases the temperature at which steam forms, increases the boiling point of
water
Ozone has the following mode of action:
Oxidizing agent
Electromagnetic radiation is a form that travels in waves and has no mass.
Examples include X rays, UV light, microwaves, radio waves, and visible light.
True or false: Bodily fluids, grease, and dirt can all interfere with the action of
chemical disinfectants and heat.

Which of the following are highly resistant to killing?

Protozoan cysts and oocysts, Naked viruses, mycobacterium species, bacterial
endospores
This British physician revolutionized medicine by his use of sterile practices
Joesph Lister
Pasteurization is a brief heat treatment to destroy disease-causing organism in
foods and beverages.
The number of cells in a culture will influence the time necessary to kill them.
A high-solute, or hypertonic, environment causes plasmolysis, which damages
microbial cells.
Incineration is the destruction of microbe by subjecting them to extremes of dry
heat, reducing them to ashes.
A population of 100000 cells will take more time to kill than a culture with 100 cells.
Chemicals can destroy microorganism by altering one or more targets, including:
Cell membrane, protein, nucleic acid
The use of specific methods to prevent microbes contaminating an environment is
term aspectic technique.
High pressure (1330,00 psi) is thought to kill microbes by altering their
Proteins and cells membranes
An iodophor is a combination of iodine and an organic carrier.
Cationic detergents are more effective germicides than anionic detergents at killing
microbes.
Phenolics kill microorganisms by destroying
Cell membranes, proteins
Which of the following are goals of pasteurization?
Destroying pathogens, reduce the number of microbes
Ethylene oxide is a potent gas valuable for sterling heat-sensitive objects.
Iodine compounds will reliably kill:
Fungal organisms, viruses, vegetative bacteria
Disinfectants are normally only used on inanimate objects because
They are harmful to living tissue