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Forced draught fans are installed at the inlet to the air pre heater and so
they handle cold air. Power input is given by:
Air preheater
The function of the air preheater is to preheat the air before entering the furnace
utilizing some of the energy left in the flue gases before exhausting them to the
atmosphere.Preheating the air saves fuel that would otherwise be used for that
heating.
Boiler
Function of a boiler is to generate steam at a desired temperature and pressure
by transfering heat produced by burning fuel in a furnace, to water to change it
into steam.
According to ASME Code , a boiler is defined as :
A combination of apparatus for producing , furnishing or recovering heat together
with the apparatus for transforming the heat so made available to water which
could be heated , vapourised and superheated to steam form.
can be operated continuously with complete flame, stability without oil support
(%MCR)
turbin
Steam turbine is the most important prime mover for generating electricity.This
falls under the category of power producing turbo machines. In a turbine, the
energy level of the working fluid goes on decreasing along the flow stream.
The purpose of turbine is to extract the maximum quantity of energy from the
working fluid , to convert it into useful work with maximum efficiency.
Deaerator
There are corrosive effects of water which contain oxygen dissolved from the
atmosphere and thus produces detrimental effects on the boiler tubes , steam pipes
and other items of the plant. Therefore, one requirement of a modern feed water
system is that ,it must supply water which has an almost
zero oxygen content, to the feed pumps for feeding the boiler.
In a deaerator the deaeration and heating is carried out in two domes fitted to the
storage tank.The bled steam is allowed to enter the storage tank above the water
level from the top and flows along the steam space in the storage tank upto the
deaerating domes.As the condensate enters, it passes through sprayers in parallel
into the dome.The condensate is heated by the bled steam and the dissolved gases
in the fluid leave the solution on heating by steam.Approximately 95% of
the heating and deaeration takes place in the spray stage of the deaerator.
Feed water heaters:
There are two types of feed water heaters:1)
2)
Basically these are heat exchangers.The thermal performance of feed water heater
accessed by the difference in temperature between the water leaving the heater
and the saturation temperature corresponding to the heater steam pressure.
Direct contact heater- In this type of heater ,there is direct mixing of bled
steam and feed water,the steam give up its latent heat and condenses and as a
result feed water gets heated.
Indirect contact heater- In this type of heaters , the feed water passes through
hairpin tubes in two,four or occasionally six flows,while the steam is passed over
the tubes.Baffles are provided to direct the flow of steam through the tube nest.
Kondenser
The work done and efficiency of a steam turbine plant is increased if the exhaust
pressure of the turbine is reduced.This is because of the fact that the average
temperature at which heat is rejected in a cycle is reduced.It can be made possible
by employing a condenser in which steam exhausts and gets condensed.
Thus, condenser is defined as a closed vessel in which steam from steam turbine is
condensed by cooling water and vacuum is maintained , resulting in an increase in
work done and efficiency of a steam power plant and use of condensate as the feed
water to the boiler.
Boiler feed pump:
This pump increases the pressure of the feed water upto boiler pressure to push
the feed water into the boiler.Boiler feed pumps are multistage as they increase
the pressure of the fluid flow to a very high value.
plant varies from 435 C to 460 C with feed water inlet turbine of
Analysis of turbine
Based on the exergy associated with incoming and outgoing streams and mechanical output
generated by the turbine.thermal efficiency and exergetic efficiency of turbine have been
worked as 63.857% and 96.463% for the working data.