Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
MY TNH
1.1. Thng Tin V X L Thng Tin
1.1.1. Khi nim v thng tin
D liu (data) l cc d kin khng c ngha r rng. Khi d
liu c x l xc nh ngha thc s ca chng, khi chng
c gi l thng tin (information). i vi con ngi, d liu c mc
thp nht ca kin thc v thng tin l mc th hai. Thng tin mang
li cho con ngi s hiu bit v th gii xung quanh.
Qu trnh x l thng tin cn bn nh sau: D liu c nhp
u vo (Input), sau my tnh (hay con ngi) s thc hin x l nhn
c thng tin u ra (Output). Lu l d liu c th lu tr bt c
giai on no.
Tn gi
Byte
KiloByte
MegaByte
GigaByte
TetraByte
K hiu
B
KB
MB
GB
TB
Gi tr
=8bit
=210B=1024Byte
= 1024 KB=220B
= 1024 MB=230B
=1024GB=240B
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B x l trung ng (CPU)
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B nh
Cc thit b ngoi vi
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(file MS Excel); bmp, gif, jpg (file nh); mp3, dat, wma, wmv, mov,mp4
(file m thanh, video).
K hiu i din (Wildcard): ch mt nhm cc tp tin c tnh
tng ng no , ta c th s dng hai k hiu i din. Du ? dng
i din cho mt k t bt k trong tn tp tin ti v tr n xut hin. Du
* i din cho mt chui k t bt k trong tn tp tin t v tr n xut
hin.
2.1.2. a - th mc a (Drive): a l ni lu tr thng tin ph thuc
vo thit b lu tr v c qun l bi MS Windows (khng phi l thit
b lu tr vn c lp vi h iu hnh). Nh ta bit, my tnh dng
thit b l a cng (hay CD, a USB) lu d liu. Tuy nhin, mt a
cng c th chia lm nhiu a logic ( v d nh my tnh c mt HDD
dung lng 500 GB c th chia lm 3 a: a C (100 GB) cha h iu
hnh, a D (200 GB) cha ti liu, a E (200 GB) cha bn sao d liu
quan trng). Mi a logic u c MS Windows gn cho mt tn. a
A hay B thng dung cho a mm m hin nay khng cn thong dng.
a C, D, E thng l cc a cng, CDROM hay a USB.
Th mc (Folder/ Directory) l ni lu gi cc tp tin theo mt ch
no theo ngi s dng gip d dng qun l tp tin.
Trn mi a c mt th mc chung gi l th mc gc. Th
mc gc khng c tn ring v c k hiu l \ (backslash). Di mi
th mc gc c cc tp tin trc thuc v cc th mc con. Trong cc th
mc con cng c cc tp tin trc thuc v th mc con ca n. Th mc
cha th mc con gi l th mc cha. Th mc ang lm vic gi l th
mc hin hnh. Tn ca th mc tun th theo cch t tn ca tp tin.
ng dn (Path) dng ch ng i n th mc (hay file) cn
truy xut. Khi s dng th mc nhiu cp (cy th mc) th ta cn ch r
th mc cn truy xut. ng dn l mt dy cc th mc lin tip nhau,
bt u bi tn a, c phn cch bi du \. V d:
D:\baitap\baibapWin\bai.docx.
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trong mc Start up: Click Start Menu All Programs Right click tn
Startup, chn Open m ca s Startup.
Ca s chng trnh
Cc thao tc trn mt ca s
-Di chuyn ca s: ko thanh Title ca s n v tr mi.
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Copy.
Tm kim d liu
M a, th mc hay
th vin ni m bn mun tm
kim, nhp vo Search box t
hay b phn ca t cn tm.
(c th b sung iu kin tm
bng cch chn Date modified
hay Size).
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Number of Copy
S bn in
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Mun b ti
liu no trong hng
i in ta chn ti liu v nhn
Delete.
2.3.11. Thay i Taskbar v Start Menu
Chn mc Taskbar and Start Menu t control panel thay i cc
thit lp.
thay i thit lp v taskbar, chn th Taskbar vi cc ty
chnh nh sau: Lock the taskbar (kha thanh Taskbar); Auto hide (t
ng n thanh Taskbar khi khng s dng, khi di chuyn chut vo mi
hin ra); Use small icons (s dng icon trn Taskbar vi kch thc nh);
Taskbar location on screen (v tr ca Taskbar),Taskbar buttons (gom
nhm cc th hin ca mt chng trnh); Notification area (Cho n/hin
cc chng trnh chy nn).
Th Start Menu gip thay i Start Menu nh thm Run box,
Devices and Printersbng cch chn Button Customize. Ch mc
Power Button Action dung ty chnh ch my tnh l Shutdown,
Sleep khi ngi dng bm nt Power trn thng my tnh. Do , khi
s dng mt my tnh l, v khng bit cu hnh cho nt Power mc
ny nn chng ta nn chng ta trnh s dng nt Power ba bi.
2.3.12. Backup v Restore
Backup v Restore c ci tin rt nhiu trong Windows 7
cho php to cc bn sao ca ti liu quan trng ca chng ta. u im
khi s dng chc nng ny so vi vic chng ta t chp bng tay, l h
thng t ng backup nh k theo lch do chng ta thit lp.
Chn mc Backup and Restore t Control Panel. Nu ln u tin
s dng Windows Backup, click chn Set up backup, v theo cc hng
dn chn folder cn backup v v tr lu file backup. Nu to
backup ri, chng ta ch vic ch vic backup t ng thc hin hay
t backup bng cch click nt Back up now. Chng ta khng nn back up
file/folder ln cng mt a, v nn chn mc Full Backup.
thc hin Restore: t mc Backup and Restore, chn file
backup, click Restore my files.
2.3.13. i mt khu ng nhp
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/Large Icons /Medium Icons /Small icons /List /Details/ Tiles /Content.
i vi ty chn Details, ta c th xem chi tit Name, Size, Type, Date
Modified ca file/folder. C th thay i th t sp xp bng cch chn
mc View/ Sort By (Sp xp theo) vi cc ty chn: Name, Date
modified, Type, Size, theo kiu Ascending/Descending (Tng dn/ Gim
dn).
2.4.2. Thao tc vi file v folder
+To folder mi: Chn v tr cha folder cn to, Chn Menu
File New Folder (hoc R_Click New Folder ). Nhp tn th mc mi,
nhn Enter.
+Sao chp th mc/tp tin: Chn cc th mc v tp tin cn sao
chp, sau thc hin copy vo clipboard (bm Ctrl + C hoc R_Click
v chn Copy), sau paste vo ni cn chp (bm Ctrl + V hoc
R_Click v chn Paste). C th dng cch gi phm Ctrl v ko r folder
vo ni cn chp.
+Di chuyn th mc v tp tin: Chn cc th mc v tp tin cn
di chuyn, sau ct i tng vo clipboard (bm Ctrl + X hoc
R_Click v chn Cut), sau paste vo ni chuyn n. Lu : i vi
ngi mi bt u nn hn ch vic dng chut ko th khi di chuyn
trong Expoler v nu dng chut khng chun, c th lm folder b th
n mt folder no .
+Xa th mc v tp tin: Chn th mc v tp tin cn xa, bm
phm Delete (hoc R_Click v chn Delete). Lu : ty theo cu hnh
thit lp m file/folder b xa c th c lu trong Recycle Bin. Chng
ta phi cn thn trc khi ng xa.
+i tn th mc v tp tin: chn i tng mun i tn,
R_Click trn i tng v chn Rename (hoc bm phm F2), nhp tn
mi, sau g Enter kt thc.
+Thay i thuc tnh th mc v tp tin: R_Click trn file/folder,
chn Properties. Thc hin thay i cc thuc tnh, sau bm Apply
xc nhn thay i.
Lu : Vi tp tin ang s dng th cc thao tc di chuyn, xo, i
tn khng th thc hin c.
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2.5. Mt S Tin ch
2.5.1. Libraries
C th xem nh Libraries l th mc o gip chng ta t chc v
tm kim nhanh chng cc file/folder tng ng nm ri rc trn my
tnh. Chng ta c th
to mi, thm cc
folder/file
vo
Libraries. Cn phn
bit r gia My
Documents (hay My
Pictures) v Libraries
l, My Documents l
folder cha d liu,
cn Libraries khng
cha d liu g, d
liu ca chng ta vn
v tr ban u, v
Libraries gip qun l
theo nhm cho tin
dng. Ngoi ra, My Documents c
Windows to sn c nh vi tnh nng lp ch mc tng tc cho vic
tm kim, cn Libraries do ngi dung nh ngha.
Ly v d nh, chng ta c 3 folder, mi folder cha mt mn hc
gm 3 file: bi ging, bi tp, n. Chng ta to mt Library tn l n
np, vo a 3 n vo Library ny. Nh vy, 3 file n vn v tr
c, v khi mun np bi, chng ta ch vic truy xut n Library n
ny. Vic xa Libraries khng nh hng g n cc file gc. to mi
mt Library, t mn hnh Explorer, right click trn mc Libraries, chn
New-Library, nhp tn cho Library v bm Enter. import mt folder
vo Library va to, click chn Library va to ra, bm nt Include new
folder, v chn folder mun import vo Library.
Nh vy, sau ny bn c th truy xut nhanh chng n Library.
2.5.2. Bitlocker
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Bitlocker l tnh
nng mi ca Windows
7 (h tr y nht
bn Ultimate) gip m
ha v bo v d liu
cho mt a hay
partition, t bit l a
USB vi kh nng
nh mt l rt cao.
Ngi dng phi c
ng mt khu mi c
th truy xut a c bo v, nn trnh ti a vic l thng tin.
T
Encryption.
Control Panel,
mc Bitlocker Drive
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Sau
khi
khi
ng
Snipping
Tool,
click chn New,
sau click chn
vo mi tn gn nt New v
ty chn hnh ct chp:
Free-form Snip (chp vi
hnh bao bt k t v);
Rectangular Snip (chp vi
hnh bao ch nht), Window
Snip (chp mt ca s); Fullscreen Snip (chp ton b
mn hnh).
Sau dng cc cng
c trn toolbar v hay
nghi ch cho hnh chp.
2.5.4. Wordpad
WordPad l chng
trnh son tho vn bn n
gin
thuc nhm
Accessories c nng
cp rt nhiu phin bn
Windows 7, vi giao din ribbon mi.
Vi nhiu tnh nng nh dng c b sung, nh highlight, bullets,
line breaks, v nhiu chn la v mu sc, cho php chn hnh nh
v chc nng Zoom gip WordPad tr nn mnh m, c th thay th
Winword trong trng hp my tnh khng c sn b Office.
Cch s dng Wordpad tng ng vi cch s dng MS Word, hc vin c
th tham kho phn th Home ca mc s dng MS Word.
2.5.5. Paint
Paint
l chng trnh ha c bn gip v v x l cc
hnh nh bitmap. Vi giao din ribbon, Paint nng kh nhiu v chc
nng c v
(brushes). Paint h tr tt cho mn hnh a im cm
ng, nn l mt chn la tuyt vi khi s
dng vi
Table PC.
V ng (line): C nhiu chc nng cho php v line
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trong
Paint,
phi chn cng
quyt nh hnh
nt v. Mt s
cng c v l:
Pencil
tool,
Brushes,
Line
tool, Curve tool.
chng ta
c v v
dng ca
V hnh
hnh
hc
(shape): C th
v nhiu loi
shape:
ng
cong, mi tn,
tam gic, elip,
ch nht, trn,
vung...
Chng ta c th b sung text (nt lnh ch A) v format cho text,
c th chn (select tool) mt phn hnh nh copy, xa. C th xoay
nh, resize kch thc nh, s dng cng c ty im nh.
Cc chc nng ha ca Paint hin th th Home, hc vin
nn ln lt th tng cng c mt thy s khc bit gia cc cng c
v ca Paint.
2.5.6. Connect to Projector
Vic kt ni my tnh vi Projector ngy nay tr nn ph bin n
tt c sinh
vin.
Ty
theo
mi
my c cc
phm
tt
khc nhau
(hoc ty theo driver mn hnh) nn gy ra s lng tng cho ngi din
thuyt, t bit khi ng trc s ng ngi. Windows 7 cung cp chc
nng Connect to Projector thuc nhm Accessories tr gip nhanh chng
cho vic kt ni ny. Chng ta c cc chn la:
Computer Only: ch hin th my tnh- khi khng mun cho ngi
xem thy chng ta ang chun b g trn my.
Duplicate: hin thi ng thi trn my tnh v projector ging nhau.
Extend: hin th khc nhau gia my tnh v projector, rt hu
dng khi trnh chiu PowerPoint, ngi xem nhn phn trnh chiu, cn
chng ta nhn thy ghi ch (note) nhc bi trn my tnh.
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Projector Only:
ch
hin
th
trn
projector, tt mn hnh
laptop tit kim pin
cho nhng lc trnh
chiu di.
2.5.7. Math Input
Panel
Vic son tho
cng thc ton hc l
vic rt cn thit i vi hc sinh sinh vin v nhng ngi lm cng
tc k thut, Chng ta c th
son tho vi
Equation (xem chi tit phn WinWord), nhng Windows 7 cung cp mt
cng c mi s dng rt tin li v nhanh chng l Math
Input Panel thuc nhm Accessories.
Ngi dng ch cn dng chut hay bt v vit cng thc ton
vo vng 3, cng thc s c dch v hin th vng 1. Vng 4 cung
cp cc cng c hiu chnh cng thc. Sau khi son tho cng thc kt
thc, chn nt 5 copy cng thc vo clipboard, v dn vo MS Word.
- 23 -
K t
sc
huyn
hi
ng
nng
M (,)
Phm
- 24 -
Vng son tho vn bn: Nhp vn bn, nh dng, chn hnh nh,
- 25 -
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In ti liu: File
3.2. nh Dng Vn Bn
Cc Tab (Home, Insert, ) khi c chn th cc nhm lnh
tng ng ca n hin th theo tng nhm dng Ribbon (di bng) gip
cho vic nh dng vn bn tr nn thun tin v nhanh chng hn.
Ngoi ra ngi dng cng c th to thm cc Tab mi cha cc chc
nng thng dng cho ring mnh.
- 28 -
Bold : nh dng in m.
Italic
: nh dng in nghing.
Underline
Grow Font
Shrink Font
Change case
- 30 -
Font Color
: Mu ch.
Cc chc nng khc nh
dng k t nm trong hp thoi
Font. Ctrl+D m hp thoi ny
hoc click chn gc phi di ca hnh bn di.
Hnh 3.7: M rng hp thoi Font
Th font:
+ Font: Chn font ch
+ Font Style: Chn kiu ch m, nghing,
+ Size: Chn c ch (n v dng l point, 1 inch = 72
point)
+ Font color: Chn mu ch
+ Underline Style: Chn kiu gch di
Th Advanced:
+ Scale: Chn t l co gin cho vn bn
+ Spacing: Nn hoc gin vn bn
+ Position: Thay i v tr ca vn bn ln trn hoc xung di so vi
dng chun
Chuyn i kiu ch HOA thng (change case)
Chuyn i t ch hoa sang ch thng v ngc li, ch hoa u
cu hoc ch hoa u mi t.
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hiu
- 32 -
Home (
Bullets
Numbering
: To danh sch
:
To danh sch nh s th t
Multilevel List
Decrease Indent :
a on vn qua tri
Increase Indent :
a on vn qua phi
Sort
: Sp xp
Show/Hide
n, hin cc m nh dng n
: Canh gia
: Canh u hai bn
: T nn
To mu nn v ng vin
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+
+
+
+
+
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- 42 -
Format Painter
- 43 -
Chn SmartArt
Insert (Group Illustrations) SmartArt: chn hnh cn chn, Click
OK ri hiu chnh nh mong mun.
(Group Illustrations)
- 44 -
Chn biu
Insert Chart chn kiu biu cn chn.
- 45 -
(Group Illustrations)
- 46 -
SmartArt.
(Group) Adjust
Wrap Text:
+ In Line with Text: Hnh v ch cng nm trn mt hng.
+ Square: Ch bao quanh hnh theo hnh vung.
+ Tight: Ch bao quanh hnh theo ng vin ca hnh.
+ Through: Ch bao quanh xuyn sut hnh.
+ Top and Bottom: Ch canh theo l trn v l di ca hnh.
+ Behind Text: Hnh nm di ch to hnh nn.
+ In Front of Text: Hnh nm trn b mt ch.
+ Edit Wrap Points: Thit lp gii hn ch ln hnh.
+ More Layout Options: M mn hnh Layout.
Cc chc nng khc:
+ Position: Thit lp v tr ca i tng trn trang.
+ Rotate: Thit lp gc xoay cho cc i tng.
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- 50 -
- 51 -
WordArt.
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+ Text Fill
: Mu nn ch WordArt.
+ Text Outline
: Mu ng vin ch WordArt.
+ Text Effect
Hiu ng ch WordArt.
+ More
: M rng
WordArt Styles.
Hiu ng cho WordArt:
Ngoi cc hiu ng
nh bng, phn chiu,
3D ngi dng c th
thay i hnh dng ca
WordArt bng chc nng
Transform. Chn Text Box:
Text Box l cc
cho php ngi dng nhp
d liu vo v c th c
t bt c u trong ti
liu.
Insert (Group
Text) Text Box.
- 54 -
AutoText
AutoText l chc nng chn vn bn t ng. Trong son tho vn
bn, c nhng cm t m ta phi nhp i nhp li nhiu ln, tit kim
thi gian v thao tc ta c th s dng chc nng AutoText. Cch thc hin:
To AutoText:
+ nh du chn khi vn bn mun to AutoText.
+ Insert (Group Text) Quick Part, chn AutoText, chn Save
Selection to AutoText Gallery.
+ Trong khung Create new Building Block: nhp t i din vo
Textbox Name.
+ Click nt OK.
S dng AutoText:
+ Ti v tr cn chn AutoText, nhp t i din, nhn phm F3.
3.3.4. Object
Cng c cho php chn cc i tng t cc phn mm khc vo
vn bn, bng cch chn Insert (Group Text) Object, chn loi object cn
chn.
Chn cng thc ton hc: Insert (Group Text) Object Microsoft
Equation 3.0, xut hin thanh cng c Equation, chn cng c, nhp cng
thc, khi kt thc ta click chut ra ngoi thanh cng c t ng ng li.
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3.3.8.
- 61 -
Insert
- 62 -
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- 64 -
AutoFit:
+ AutoFit Contents: Kch thc bng co gin theo lng d liu trong
bng.
+ AutoFit Window: Kch thc bng m rng bng chiu rng vng
son tho.
+ Fixed Column Width: C nh chiu rng ct.
Height: Hiu chnh chiu cao ca hng.
Width: Hiu chnh chiu rng ca ct.
Distribute Rows: Hiu chnh cho cc hng c kch thc bng
nhau.
Distribute Columns: Hiu chnh cho cc ct c kch thc bng
nhau.
Canh l cho d liu trong
Chn cc cn canh l d liu, Tab Layout Group Alignment c cc
chc nng sau:
nng:
- 66 -
- 67 -
Shading: T mu nn.
Borders: To ng vin.
(Group) Draw Borders
Draw Table: to bng t do.
Pen Color: Chn mu cho ng vin.
Eraser: Xa cc ng trong bng.
(Group) Table Style Options
Header Row: Nhn mnh hng u tin (tiu ).
Total Row: Nhn mnh hng cui.
Banded Rows: To s phn bit
gia cc hng (t mu cch
hng).
First Column: Nhn mnh ct u.
Last Column: Nhn mnh ct cui.
Banded Column: To s phn bit gia cc ct (t mu cch
ct).
3.4.4. Chia ct (columns)
Chc nng Columns cho php nh dng vn bn dng ct bo.
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Chn khi vn bn mun chia ct, chn Page Layout (Group Page
Setup) Columns. Ngi dng chn s lng ct cn chia hoc chn More
Columns m hp thoi Columns.
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Page Color.
To Watermark
Chc nng Watermark cho php ngi dng to lp ch m di
vn bn. Watermark thng dng bo hiu loi ti liu cn c quan
tm c bit nh Confidential (mt) hoc Urgent (khn).
Page Layout (Group Page Background)
Watermark.
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+ No Watermark: B Watermark.
+ Picture Watermark: To Watermark l hnh nh c chn.
+ Text Watermark: To Watermark l ch c nhp vo Textbox Text
+ Remove Watermark: Xa Watermark.
Footnote v Endnote
Chn ch thch cho ti liu, ti v tr ch thch s c nh du
v ni dung ch thch xut hin cui trang (Footnote) hoc cui ti liu
(Endnote).
t du nhy ti v tr mun to ch thch.
Tab References (Group Footnotes) Insert Footnote to ch thch
cui trang hoc Insert Endnote to ch thch cui ti liu
Cc chc nng khc:
- 71 -
3.5. Style
3.5.1. Khi nim
Trong qu trnh son tho vn bn, c nhng ni dung c nh
dng ging nhau, nu nh dng ln lt cho tng ni dung ring s mt
nhiu thi gian v khng nht qun. Mt trong nhng cch n gin
thc hin iu ny l dng Style.
Style l mt tp hp cc nh dng c to trc v c mt tn.
Style rt cn thit khi son tho gio trnh hoc ti liu c nhiu mc,
nhiu loi vn bn khc nhau.
Style c th p dng cho cho on vn (Paragraph), cho k t
(Character) hoc c hai (Linked). Word c sn cc Style mc nh, ngi
dng c th nh ngha thm Style. Cc Style c cha trong trong
Group Styles trn thanh Ribbon ca tab Home.
3.5.2. Cc thao tc trn Style
Cch to Style
nh dng cho khi vn bn.
Chn khi vn bn va nh dng.
M rng Style, chn Save Selection as a New Quick Style.
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Table
Contents
of
Mc Available Styles:
Danh sch cc Style
ang tn ti.
Trong mc TOC level: Ch nh cp xut
hin ca Style tng
ng.
Click OK hon tt.
3.5.3.2.
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3.6. Template
3.6.1. Khi nim
Template l mt tp tin mu, cho php to mt tp tin mi vi
mu c to sn. Tp tin mu c th bao gm tiu , logo, nhng
nh dng khc. Tp tin mu c phn ui l .dotx.
Trong Word c sn cc tp tin Template, ta c th s dng bng
cch:
Chn File New Sample Templates xut hin ca s Template, cha cc
mu Template, chn mt mu ph hp vi ni dung ca ti liu sau
chn tip:
+ Document chn Create s dng Template.
+ Template chn Create sa Template t Template c sn.
+
3.6.2. To tp tin mu mi
Chn File New
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My Templates.
nh
- 78 -
- 79 -
- 80 -
Thay th ni dung
Chc nng Replace thay th ni dung c bng ni dung mi.
View (Group Show) Navigation Pane, click m rng Combo box
Search Document chn Replace.
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- 82 -
- 84 -
trong
Workbook
Mt tp tin ca Excel 2010 c gi l mt Workbook v c phn
phn loi mc nh l .xlsx. Mt Workbook c xem nh l mt ti liu
gm nhiu trang gi l sheet, mt workbook c ti a 255 sheet.
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Worksheet
Hng: C ti a l 1.048.576
hng, c nh s th t t
1,2,3,
Ct: C ti a l 256 ct, c nh s t A,B,C,
- 87 -
a ch tuyt i:
L a ch m n khng thay i khi thc hin thao tc copy cng
thc.
Quy c: a ch tuyt i ca c dng:
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c: a ch hn hp c dng.
nh ct khi copy cng
thc
V d: $A1
gi c <Tn ct>$<Ch s hng>
thc
Hnh 4.5: V d a ch hn hp
- 90 -
#NULL
#NUM!
#REF!
#VALUE!
4.2. Cc Thao Tc C Bn
4.2.1. X l trn khi d liu t tn cho vng thun tin cho vic
thao tc trn d liu, ta c th t tn cho
mt vng d liu c chn nh sau:
Chn vng d liu cn t tn.
Nhp tn vng vo mc Name box. Nhn enter.
Sao chp d liu t ny sang khc v in d liu
Formulas and number formats: Sao chp cng thc v nh dng d liu s.
Operation: Add, Subtract, Multiply, Divide: Sao chp ng thi thc hin
php ton cng, tr, nhn, chia.
4.2.2. Thao tc trn hng v ct
Thm hng
Chn cc hng m ti mun chn thm hng mi vo.
Vo Home (Group Cells) Insert Sheet Rows hoc R_Click, chn
Insert
Thm ct
Chn cc ct m ti mun chn thm ct mi vo.
Vo Home (Group Cells) Insert Sheet Columns hoc R_Click, chn
Insert
Thm mi
Chn cc hoc a con tr n m ti mun chn cc trng vo.
Chn Home (Group Cells) Insert Cells hoc R_Click, chn Insert..., xut
hin hp thoi sau:
- 94 -
LOI
CNG DNG
V D
General
15.75
15234
- 95 -
Number
nh dng s vi du chm ng c th
h tr bng cc du phy, s ch s
thp phn ty .
3.14159
(1,234.57)
Currency
nh dng n v tin t
$12.345
1234 VN
Accounting
Date
$75.50
$5.50
09/12/2010
Sep-12-10
Time
2:30 PM
14:30:20
Percentage
Mt cch nh dng m cc gi tr
trong cc c chn c nhn vi
100 v kt qu hin th vi biu tng
%
100%
68.8%
Fraction
Scientific
Text
Special
nh dng s nh vn bn
Cc dng c bit Zip Code, Phone
Number
1/5
1.25E+3
2.0E-2
123
981012312-3456
- 96 -
- 97 -
Alignment.
Border.
- 99 -
- 100 -
- 101 -
C PHP
NGHA V V D
Tr v gi tr tuyt i ca mt s thc.
=ABS(12 - 20)
8
Tr v s nguyn ln nht khng vt qu
number.
INT(number)
=INT(5.6)
5
=INT(-5.6)
-6
Tr v s d ca php chia nguyn number cho
MOD(number,
divisor (number, divisor l cc s nguyn).
divisor)
=MOD(5, 3) 2
Lm trn ln ti mt s nguyn l gn nht.
ODD(number)
=ODD(3.6) 5
=ODD(-2.2) -3
Tnh tch ca cc gi tr trong danh sch tham
PRODUCT(number1,
s.
number2, ...)
=PRODUCT(2, -6, 3, 4)
-144
Tr v mt s ngu nhin trong khong t 0
n 1.
RAND( )
=RAND( )
S ngu nhin
Lm trn s number vi chnh xc n
num_digits ch s thp phn (vi qui c 0 l
lm trn ti hng n v, 1 l ly 1 ch s thp
ROUND(number,
phn, -1 l lm trn ti hng chc, ...).
num_digits)
=ROUND(5.13687, 2)
5.14
=ROUND(145.13687, -2)
100
Tnh cn bc 2 ca mt s dng number.
SQRT(number)
=SQRT(36) 6
Tnh tng ca cc gi tr trong danh sch tham
SUM(number1, nums.
ber2, ...)
=SUM(2, -6, 8, 4)
8
Tnh tng cc tha mn iu kin.
range: vng m iu kin s c so
SUMIF(range, criteria
snh.
[, sum_range])
criteria: chui m t iu kin. V d:
"10", ">15", "<20",
ABS(number)
- 102 -
- 103 -
NGHA V V D
Tr v gi tr ln nht ca cc gi tr s
trong danh sch tham s. =MAX(1, 2,
3, 5) 5
Tr v gi tr nh nht ca cc gi tr s
trong danh sch tham s. =MIN(1, 2, 3,
5)
1
Tr v gi tr trung bnh cng ca cc s
trong danh sch tham s.
=AVERAGE(1, 2, 3, 5)
2.75
m s cc gi tr s trong danh sch tham
s.
=COUNT(2, hai, 4, -6)
3
m s cc khng rng trong danh sch
tham s.
=COUNTA(2, hai, 4, -6) 4
m s cc rng trong vng range.
=COUNTBLANK(B4:B12)
NGHA V V D
Tr v gi tr TRUE nu tt c cc iu
kin u l TRUE.
=AND(3>2, 5<8, 9>-12)
TRUE
Tr v gi tr FALSE nu tt c iu kin
l FALSE.
OR(logical1, logical2, )
=OR(2>3, 12<8, 9>3)
TRUE
=OR(2>3, 12<8, -9>3)
FALSE
NOT(logical)
Ly ph nh ca gi tr logical.
=NOT(2>3) TRUE
IF(logical_test,
value_if_true,
value_if_false)
Tr v gi tr value_if_true nu iu kin
logical_test l TRUE, ngc li s tr v
gi tr value_if_false.
=IF(A1 >=5, u,Rt)
Cc hm x l chui (Text)
- 104 -
C PHP
NGHA V V D
LOWER(text)
UPPER(text)
PROPER(text)
TRIM(text)
LEN(text)
LEFT(text, num_chars)
RIGHT(text, num_chars)
MID(text, start_num,
num_chars)
VALUE(text)
- 105 -
i cc k t u ca mi t trong chui
text thnh ch in hoa, cn li u l ch
thng.
=PROPER(I HC CNG NGIP)
i Hc Cng Nghip
Ct b cc k t trng v ch trong chui
text.
=TRIM( i Hc Cng Nghip ) i
Hc Cng Nghip
Tr v di ca chui text.
=LEN(I HC CNG
NGHIP)
19
Tr v num_char k t bn tri chui text.
=LEFT(I HC CNG NGHIP, 7)
I HC
Tr v num_char k t bn phi chui
text.
=RIGHT(I HC CNG NGHIP,
11)
CNG NGHIP
Tr v chui k t c di num_chars
bt u t v tr start_num ca chui text.
=MID(I HC CNG NGIP, 5, 3)
HC
Chuyn chui c dng s thnh tr s.
= VALUE("123") + 2 125
MONTH(date)
YEAR(date)
WEEKDAY(date)
DATE(year, month,
day)
TIME(hour, minute,
second)
NGHA V V D
Tr v ngy hin hnh ca h thng.
=TODAY( )
Tr v ngy v gi hin hnh ca h thng.
=NOW( )
Tr v gi tr ngy trong thng ca biu
thc ngy date.
=DAY(A1) 14
Tr v gi tr thng trong nm ca biu
thc ngy date.
=MONTH(A1)
8
Tr v gi tr nm ca biu thc ngy date.
=YEAR(A1) 2010
Tr v s th t ngy trong tun ca biu
thc date.
Gi tr 1: Sunday, 2:Monday, ..., 7:
Saturday.
=WEEKDAY(A1)
3
Tr v gi tr dng Date theo quy nh ca
h thng.
=DATE(2010,08,14) 14/08/2010
=DATE(10,8,14)
14/08/2010
Tr v gi tr dng Time.
=TIME(8,25,28)
8:25:28 AM
=TIME(17,2,46)
5:2:46 PM
- 106 -
VLOOKUP(lookup_value, Table_array,
col_index_num, range_lookup)
+ range_lookup = 1: Tm tng i, danh sch cc gi tr d tm
ca bng Table_array phi sp xp theo th t tng dn. Nu
tm khng thy s tr v gi tr ln nht nhng nh hn
lookup_value.
+ range_lookup = 0: Tm chnh xc, danh sch cc gi tr d tm
ca bng Table_array khng cn sp xp th t. Nu tm khng thy
s tr v li #N/A.
V d:
Hm HLOOKUP
Chc nng: Tm gi tr lookup_value trong dng trn cng ca bng
table_array theo chun d tm range_lookup, tr v tr tng ng
trong dng th row_index_num (nu tm thy).
C php:
- 107 -
HLOOKUP(lookup_value, Table_array,
row_index_num, range_lookup)
ngha ca cc i s ca hm Hlookup tng t nh hm
Vlookup.
V d:
Hm MATCH
Chc nng: Hm tr v v tr ca lookup_value trong mng
lookup_array theo cch tm match_type
C php:
+
- 108 -
Hm INDEX
Chc nng: Tr v gi tr trong hng th row_num, ct th
column_num trong mng array.
C php:
- 109 -
- 110 -
Thc hin:
Nu phn t Bi l in thoi, tc l 1 (True) c tr v ngc li 0
(False) c tr v. Nu phn t Ci l Minh, 1 c tr v ngc li 0
c tr v. Cui cng phn t Di c tr v. 3 gi tr ny c nhn li
vi nhau. Sau hm Sum ngoi s tnh tng cho tt c cc dng.
- 111 -
Tn hm
- 112 -
ngha v v d
DAVERAGE(database,
field, criteria)
DMAX(database, field,
criteria)
DMIN(database, field,
criteria)
DCOUNT(database, field,
criteria)
DCOUNTA(database,
field, criteria)
- 113 -
+ Chn Text Fillter thc hin chc nng lc nng cao theo yu cu
ca ngi dng:
Show rows where: Cho php ngi dng chn iu kin v nhp
gi tr so snh combobox k bn. Ngi dng c th kt hp vi iu
kin v, hoc pha di.
Lc d liu nng cao (Advanced Filter)
Chc nng: Lnh Data (Group Sort & Filter) Advanced dng trch
ra cc mu tin theo cc iu kin ch nh trong vng iu kin c
to trc.
Thc hin:
Bc 1: To vng iu kin lc. S dng mt trong hai cch sau:
Cch 1: S dng tn trng to vng iu kin: Vng iu
kin s c t nht hai hng, hng u cha cc tn field iu kin, cc
hng khc dng m t iu kin.
+ Chn cc trng trong bng tnh lm vng iu kin.
+ Sao chp tn field iu kin lm tiu ca vng iu kin.
+ Nhp trc tip cc iu kin vo di tn trng tng ng. Cc
iu kin ghi trn cng mt hng l cc iu kin tha mn ng
thi (AND), nhng iu kin ghi trn cc hng khc nhau l
nhng iu kin tha mn khng ng thi (OR). V d:
- 114 -
i tng
im
>5
Bc 2: Vo Data
(Group Sort
& Filter)
Advanced, xut
hin hp thoi c cc ty chn sau
Action:
+ Filter the list, in-place: kt
qu hin th trc tip trn
vng CSDL.
+ Copy to another location: kt
qu c t ti mt v tr
khc.
List range: Chn a ch vng
CSDL.
Criteria range: Chn a ch vng tiu chun.
Copy to: Chn a ch ca u tin trong vng kt qu (phi chn mc
Copy to another location).
- 115 -
- 116 -
hoc Z->A
Dng lnh Data (Group Sort & Filter) Sort sp xp d liu theo
N V, mc ch cc mu tin c cng N V th nm lin k
nhau.
Chn bng CSDL cn tng hp vi tiu l mt hng.
Vo Data (Group Outline Subtotals), xut hin hp thoi Subtotal vi
cc ty chn sau:
- 117 -
- 118 -
Kt qu:
4.4.5.
Chn lnh Tab Insert (Group Tables) PivotTable PivotTable xut hin
hp thoi yu cu chn vng d liu lm thng k v ni xut bng
thng k.
+ Select a Table or range: Cho php chn vng d liu l Sheet hin
hnh.
+ Use an external data source: Cho php chn vng d liu t file
Excel c sn.
+ New Worksheet: Pht sinh bng thng k trn sheet mi.
+ Existing Worksheet: Pht sinh bng thng k t a ch c nhp
vo.
Click OK xut hin hp thoi cho php ko th cc field l iu kin
thng k.
- 120 -
- 121 -
Consolidate
- 122 -
Loi biu
Column
Chc nng
- 124 -
Cylinder
Cch to
- 125 -
- 126 -
- 127 -
Group Data:
+ Switch Row/Column chuyn
i Legend l hng hay ct.
+ Select Data cho php thm,
xa, sa cc field ca legend
hay chuyn i qua li gia
legend v category axis.
Group Type:
+ Change Chart Type cho php
chn li kiu biu .
+ Save As Template lu lm
biu mu.
Group Location:
+ Move Chart di chuyn biu
sang v tr khc.
Group Current Selection:
+ Combobox Chart Area: Cho
php chn cc thnh phn
ca biu .
+ Format Selection: Cho php
nh dng cc thnh phn ca
biu c chn.
+ Reset to Match Style: B mi
nh dng do ngi dng
thit lp.
Group Labels:
+ Chart Title: Thm, xa, nh v tr cho tiu ca biu .
+ Axis Titles: Thm, xa,
nh v tr cho tiu cc trc ca biu .
+ Legend: Thm, xa, nh v tr cho ch thch.
- 128 -
4.6.
- 129 -
- 130 -
- 131 -
theme cho ton b slide, hay cc slide ang chn bng cch R_click trn
theme , v chn Apply to All Slides hay Apply to Selected Slides.
5.1.4. To Slide mi
Thm Slide mi: Chn th Home Group Slide New Slide chn
Slide c layout thch hp (t danh sch cc slide master c sn ca file
trnh din) hoc bm phm Ctrl+N. Slide sau khi to xong c th thay i
Layout bng cch chn th Tab Home Group Slides Layout v chn mu
c sn.
Xo b/Copy/Paste Slide: Chn mt hay nhiu Slide t khung
Slide/Outline, v thc hin thao tc nh cc i tng khc. Ngoi ra
ngi dng c th to bn Copy bng cch R_Click ln Slide cn Copy
chn Duplicate Slide.
Sp xp li cc Slide: tt nht nn dng ch View l Slide
Sorter, sau ko th cc slide v v tr mong mun.
Nh vy, chng ta lu rng: to file mi da trn cc Design
template, cn to silde mi da trn cc Slide outline.
5.1.5. Son tho ni dung Slide
Trong PowerPoint, vn bn c t trong cc Place holder hoc
cc Textbox. Ch : cc thao tc nh dng vn bn (font, m, nghing,
gch di, Bullets
and
Numbering) v chn cc
i tng (table,
biu , wordart,
hnh nh, header,
footer)
c
thc hin tng t nh khi s dng MS Word. So vi cc phin bn
trc, PowerPoint 2010 b sung them chc nng Insert Equation chn
v son tho cng thc ton nh MS Word.
- 133 -
- 134 -
- 135 -
- 136 -
5.3. Animation
phn trnh din tr nn sinh ng, PowerPoint cung cp nhiu
hiu ng hot hnh (animation) minh ha tng mt cch trc quan
d hiu, hoc gy s ch .
To animation
- 137 -
- 138 -
Ngoi
ra,
mt
animation cn c th ty
chnh Duration (thi gian
thc hin hiu ng) v Delay
(thi gian ch cho hiu ng).
T ca s Animation Pane cho php xa animation, hiu chnh li
animation, thay i th t animation bng cch ko-th.
V d to animation
Trong v d ny chng ta s to mt slide cha 3 tri banh di
chuyn xung quanh mn hnh. S dng chc nng Inser-Shape to 3
tri banh c mu xanh (b1), (b2), vng (b3).
Chn b1, chn animation, chn Custom Path, click chut v 4
im di ca banh, double click kt thc. Tng t, thm animation
cho b2 v b3. Trn Animation Pane s xut hin 3 hng. Chn hng u
tin, v mc nh l Start On Click, chn repeat l Until End of Slide
( mc Effect Options- Timing), hng th 2 v chn Start After Previous,
hng th 3 v chn l Start With Previous. Repeat tt c u l repeat l
Until End of Slide. Bm F5 xem th kt qu ca bn.
- 139 -
- 140 -
Show type: Cch thc hin trnh din, bao gm: Presented by a
speaker (full screen): Cho php thc hin trnh din ch ton mn
hnh; Browsed by an individual (Windows): Cho php trnh din vi
thanh cun khi slide thit k phn gii cao khin vic hin th khng
y trang, Browsed at a kiosk (full screen): Cho php thc hin trnh
din ch ton mn hnh, din ra mt cch t ng, v c lp i lp
li.
Show options: vi cc chn la: Loop continuously until Esc:
Cho php trnh din lp i lp li lin tc n khi nhn phm Esc, ty
chn ny l mc nh khi s dng ch Browsed at a kiosk; Show
without animation: tt cc hiu ng.
Show Slides: Chn cc Slide cn trnh din: All (trnh din tt c
cc Slide); From To (trnh din mt nhm Slide lin tc);
5.6. Mt S Lu
vic trnh chiu thnh cng, nn lu mt s c im sau
y:
Khng nn c slide, v ngi nghe c th t c ly. Ngi nghe
quan tm v thch th vi s hiu bit ca ngi din thuyt v ch
hin ti.
Khng trn sau cc slide, m nn nhn thng vo ngi nghe.
Ngi nghe mun nhn thy ngi din thuyt nh hai ngi ang ni
chuyn vi nhau vy.
- 142 -
T chc
com (Commercial)
Thng mi
edu (Educational)
Gio dc
gov (Governmental)
Nh nc
int (International)
T chc quc t
mil (Military)
Qun i
net (Networking)
org (Organizational)
Cc t chc khc
Domain mang tnh a l: Gm 2 k t tt i din cho tng quc gia,
nh vn (Vit Nam), au (c), in (n ),
IAP
IAP (Internet Access Provider) l nh cung cp dch v ng
truyn kt ni vi Internet, qun l cng (gateway) ni vi quc t.
Cc my tnh cc quc gia khc mun kt ni vi nhau phi c c s h
tng, do phi nh n IAP. Ti Vit Nam, IAP l cng ty dch v
truyn s liu VDC thuc tng cng ty bu chnh vin thng, c quan
thc hin trc tip l VNN.
ISP
ISP (Internet Service Provider) l nh cung cp dch v Internet
cho cc t chc v c nhn. ISP phi thu ng truyn v cng ca mt
IAP. Vit Nam c nhiu ISP thng mi: Cng ty dch v truyn s liu
VDC, Cng ty FPT,
Khi ng k vi mt ISP, ngi dng c cung cp mt ti
khon qun l truy cp v tnh ph. Mi ti khon bao gm tn (User
name) v mt khu ng nhp (Password). Ti khon ny thng c
lu sn trong cc thit b (nh cc modem) c cu hnh bi ISP nn
ngi dng khng s dng trc tip.
- 145 -
- 146 -
- 148 -
- 149 -
Ch :
t du trc t kha yu cu tm kim chnh xc cm t cn
tm (lin kt AND).
Khng nn nhp vo nhng t kha c ni dung tng qut v kt
qu
tm kim s rt nhiu, thng tin c tr v s khng gn vi ni dung
mun tm.
Tm kim nng cao vi Google
Trong trng hp mun c kt qu tm kim gn vi thng tin
ang tm, ta s dng chc nng tm kim nng cao ca Google
(Advanced Search).
Find results: t iu kin cho kt qu tm kim:
With all of the Words: Kt qu tm kim phi bao gm tt c cc t
cn tm
With the exact phase: Kt qu tm kim phi c chnh xc cm t
cn tm.
With at least one of the Word: Kt qu tm kim phi c t nht mt
trong nhng t cn tm
Without the Word: Kt qu tm kim khng cha nhng t ny
Hin th kt qu tr v: chn s kt qu tr v t hp k th, mc
nhin s tr v 10 kt qu nu tm c t 10 trang Web tr ln.
- 150 -
(chng hn, t
www.gmail.com),
mc
To ti khon.
trang
chn
- 152 -
- 153 -
Email); Body
(ni dung Email); gi file nh km Email, chn nt nh km. Sau
chn file
cn gi i.
Ch : sau khi s dng Email xong, chng ta phi bm nt Signout
trnh vic mt ti khon Email, bo v thng tin ring t.
S dng email vi Outlook Express
- 154 -
cng
c:
New E-Mail: Son Email mi.
Reply: tr
li Email
ang
cho ngi
Forward:
gi.
khc.
- 156 -
- 157 -
- 158 -
- 159 -
Chng 7. PH LC
7.1. Bo V D Liu
Vic bo v d liu l vn m tt c cc ngi s dng my
tnh phi quan tm, bao gm vic mt mt d liu hay b l d liu. Cc
tc nhn c th gy hi n d liu nh sau: phn cng my tnh hng,
t bit l a hng do tui th ca a cng ch vi nm ty theo mt
s dng, ha hon, thin tai, virus, s ph hoi ca cc tin tc, s v
ca ngi dng
Ty thuc vo tm quan trng ca d liu m ta s p dng nhng
cch bo v khc nhau. i vi nhng d liu thng thng th cch bo
v hu hiu nht l thng xuyn to ra cc bn sao (backup) ca d liu
lu trn a USB, CD-ROM, lu ln internet, lu vo email. Lu l
cc bn sao ny phi c lu bn ngoi my tnh.
Vic backup thng xuyn gip khng mt d liu, tuy nhin
chng ta cn phi quan tm vic l thng tin, nh ti khon ngn hng,
ti khon ng nhp my tnh hay phn mm, ti khon email. K gian
s dng nhiu cch nh cp thng tin, v mt trong cc cch hu hiu
nht chng li l s dng phn mm dit Virus.
- 160 -
7.2. Hng Dn nh My
Cch b tr ngn tay trn bn phm:
Trn bn phm hai phm F v J c hai ci g nh cao l ni
ngi nhp liu nh v t cc ngn tay cho chnh xc. Hai ngn
tr ca hai bn tay s c t ti hai phm ny v cc ngn tay cn
li s c phn b u cc phm cn li trn cng mt hng.
- 161 -
Phm
Ngn tay
a
s
Space
d
Nhm phm 2
Phm
Ngn tay
f
j
k
;
Nhm phm 3
Phm
Ngn tay
l
g
h
backspace
q
Nhm phm 4
Phm
Ngn tay
z
w
x
u
Nhm phm 5
- 162 -
Phm
Ngn tay
m
i
,
b
Nhm phm 6
Phm
Ngn tay
n
o
p
.
Nhm phm 7
Phm
Ngn tay
t
e
r
y
Nhm phm 8
Phm
Ngn tay
c
v
/
[]
- 163 -
MC LC
Chng 1. TNG QUAN V H THNG MY TNH .................................. 1
1.1. Thng Tin V X L Thng Tin ........................................................ 1
1.2. C Bn V Cu Trc My Tnh ....................................................... 3
Chng 2. MICROSOFT WINDOWS ........................................................... 7
2.1. Tp Tin, Th Mc, a V ng Dn ........................................ 7
2.2. Khi ng MS Windows .................................................................. 9
2.3. Qun L V Cu Hnh Ca Windows ............................................ 13
2.4. Windows Explorer .......................................................................... 19
2.5. Mt S Tin ch .............................................................................. 23
2.6. S Dng Ting Vit Trong Windows ............................................. 28
Chng 3. MICROSOFT WORD ................................................................ 30
3.1. Gii Thiu Microsoft Word ............................................................. 30
3.2. nh Dng Vn Bn ....................................................................... 34
- 164 -
- 165 -
- 166 -