LITERATURE

INDIA- THE MAHABHARATA

King Bharata of Hastinapura (India was called
Bharat-varsha) had two successors
1. King Dhritarashtra elder son (Blind,
gave over his reins to Pandu), had 100
sons named KAURAVAS
2. King Pandu younger son (weary of his
duties and retired), had 5 remarkable
sons named PANDAVAS who were exiled by
unscrupulous Duryodhana, Leader/oldest of
Dhritarashtras sons

Yudhisthira eldest, most promising

(came to throne after all)

Phima

Arjuna 3rd of the sons, performed

the feat (announced by King
Draupada)with little effort.
Visited the sacred stream of
GANGES, married to Subhadra,
sister of Krishna (a cousin)

Nakula

Sahadeva

EGYPT the gift of the NILE, old name KAMET, ISLAM

Hymn to the Sun by Pharaoh Amenhotep IV, known as
Akhenaton, introduced monotheism mandating that only
sun-god RA be worshiped by all.
Theme: LOVE FOR GOD, Akhenaton is proud of RA

Princess Draupadi wife of PANDAVAS

PANDAVAS met their cousin in their mothers
side, Krishna of Dvaka (sang the divine song,
Bhagavad-Gita, b4 the war which lasted for 18
consecutive days), and accepted Yadava
nobleman as their special counselor and
friend

Psalm praising only God, taken from BIBLE

When King Dhritarashtra divided the kingdom

into 2 parts:
1. Hastinapur KAURAVAS
2. Indrapashtra PANDAVAS

On 2nd occasion Duryodhana enticed Yudhisthira

into a game of skill at dice. The penalty
PANDAVAS were to leave the court and spend the
next 12 years in forest. At the end of that time
they were to have their kingdom holdings if they
pass another year in disguise.

When Krishna (their cousin) died, the PANDAVAS

clothed themselves as HERMITS and set out for
MOUNT MERU, dwelling place of gods on high,
DRAUPADI and a DOG joined them in their journey,
however, only YUDHISHTHIRA had his canine.
The DOG was the GOD OF JUSTICE tested
YUDHISHTHIRAs constancy. But decided to join
his BROTHER AND DRAUPADI who were descended..
GODS took pity of him and they were all
transported to HEAVEN.

VOCAB
Feat great achievement
Hermit person who lives away from
society
3. Dissension strong disagreement
4. Rustication living in the rural
areas
5. Annihilate destroy completely
Chapter 8 AFRICA
1.
2.

King Dhritarashtra took control after

Pandus retirement and sided the example of
his wifes old uncle Bhistra.

goddesses, no specific founder, follows caste

systems positions:
1. Bhramins priests
2. Ksatriyas warriors and rulers
3. Vaisyas merchants and farmers
4. Sundras peasants and laborer
5. Panchamas untouchables

HINDUISM majority religion in INDIA,

believes that soul can return and inhabit any
living being(REINCARNATION), practices YOGA
(a mental discipline controlling mind and
body), worships variety of gods and

Hymn praising other gods

Polytheism beliefs and worship of many gods,

religion in ancient Egypt
EGYPTIAN GODS AND GODDESSES:
GODS:
1.

RA god
AMUN)
OSIRIS
ANUKET
ANUBIS

of the sun (known as RE, ATON, AMON,

2.
life and death
3.
cool waters
4.
dead
5.
GODDESSES:
1. EDJO goddess of serpents
2. BAST cats
3. IRIS marriage/motherhood
CULTS org.that worship a person, ideal or thing
e.g. rituals of sorcery
PHARAOH ruler of ancient Egypt-half god and half
human, deserved the honor of a large and sacred tomb
known as PYRAMID; wealth, food and many servants are
sealed with him inside.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

VOCAB
Horizon line where the sky and earth meet
Limbs arms and legs
Herbage succulent leaves
Barques boats with mast
Manifold - varied