RC PROJECT

INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION

Student:
Le Duy Luan
CECEIU12046

Instructor:
Dr. Eng
Nguyen Dinh Hung

According AASHTO code

I - Input data
Cross section of main girder
Span length
Distance between bearing point and the end of beam
Calculating span length
Main spacing girder
Distribution factor of moment : gM
Distribution factor of shear: gV
Design load: HL93, deadload of weathering
Superimposed Load
Traffic lane factor

L=
Lc =
Ls =
S=
gM =
gV =

16500
300
15900
2000
0.71
0.68

mm
mm
mm

q=

7
1

N/mm

II - Material's specification
1- Concrete
Density of reinforced concrete

rc =

Density of concrete

c =

2500
2.45E-05
2320
2.28E-05
40
0.2
2.95E+04
12303.33

f'c =
Compressive strength
n=
Poisson's ratio
1.5
Young modulus of concrete
Ec = 0.043K1gc f'c =
G = E/(2*(n+1)) =
Shear modulus
2- Reinforcement steel
Fs =
Tensile strength for stirrups
Fy =
Yield strength
F
Ultimate strength
u=
Es =
Modulus of Elasticity
n=Es/Ec
Modulus ratio
III - Determine dimension of cross section of main girder

Minimum height
H = 0.07Ls
Chosen
Depth of flange
hf min = (S+3000)/30175mm
Chosen

240
420
560
200000
6.77

kg/m3
N/mm3
kg/m3 T3.5.1-1
N/mm3
MPa
5.4.2.5
MPa
5.4.2.4
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa

5.4.3.2

H=
H=

1113
1200

mm
T2.5.2.6.3-1
mm

hf =h5
hf =h5

166.67
175

mm
T2.5.2.6.3-1
mm5.14.1.5.1b

Web thickness
tw 165mm
tw 200mm
Chosen

200

5.14.1.2.2
5.14.1.5.1c
mm

=
=

140
94

mm5.14.1.5.1b
mm

h1 =
b1 =

150
400

mm
mm

h4 =
b4 =
h2 =
b3 =

100
150
150
100

mm
mm
mm
mm

L/4
1200
150
150
625
100
175
400
200
100
100
2000

L/8
1200
150
98
712
65
175
400
270
65.3
65.3
2000

At bearing
1200
0
0
1025
0
175
400
400
0
0
2000

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

L/4
1400
175
245000

L/8
1400
175
245000

tw =b2

Dimensions at bottom of girder

Thus, they have to be chosen by experience and not less than
140
h1 = Min
( 2 4)/16
Chosen
Chosen
Dimensions of connecting haunches
Chosen
Chosen
Chosen
Chosen
Summary dimensions of cross section of main girder

Summary dimensions of cross section of main girder

Section
L/2
3L/8
1200
1200
H
150
150
h1
150
150
h2
625
625
h3
100
100
h4
175
175
h5
400
400
b1
200
200
b2
100
100
b3
100
100
b4
2000
2000
b5
IV - Geometric feature
First stage:
a. Section
Section
b=
Top flange
h=
A1 =

L/2
1400
175
245000

3L/8
1400
175
245000

At bearing
1400 mm
175 mm
245000 mm2

b=
200
200
200
270
h=
1025
1025
1025
1025
A2 =
205000
205000
205000
276750
b=
400
400
400
400
h=
150
150
150
150
A3 =
60000
60000
60000
60000
b=
100
100
100
65.3
h=
100
100
100
65
A4 =
10000
10000
10000
4244.5
b=
100
100
100
65.3
h=
150
150
150
98
A5 =
15000
15000
15000
6399.4
Ac =
535000
535000
535000 592393.9
16
16
10
8
n=
25
25
25
25
D=
A1b =
490.625
490.625
490.625
490.625
As =
7850
7850
4906.25
3925
A = 580319.88 580319.88 563324.927 615053.84

400
1025
410000
400
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
655000
8
25
490.625
3925
677659.942

mm
mm
2
mm
mm
mm
2
mm
mm
mm
2
mm
mm
mm
2
mm
mm2
bars
mm
2
mm
mm2
2
mm

b. Statistical moment of cross section

Section
L/2
3L/8
L/4
L/8
1112.5
1112.5
1112.5
1112.5
y1
662.5
662.5
662.5
662.5
y2
75
600
600
600
y3
991.7
991.7
991.7
1003.3
y4
200.0
200.0
200.0
182.7
y5
ys
105.5
79.6875
99
75
2.73E+08 2.73E+08
2.73E+08 2.73E+08
S1
1.36E+08 1.36E+08
1.36E+08 1.83E+08
S2
4.50E+06 3.60E+07
3.60E+07 3.60E+07
S3
9.92E+06 9.92E+06
9.92E+06 4.26E+06
S4
3.00E+06 3.00E+06
3.00E+06 1.17E+06
S5
Ss
5609422.8 4236975.1 3289886.57 1993870.6
SI
4.31E+08 4.62E+08
4.61E+08 4.99E+08

At bearing
1112.5
512.5
600
0.0
0.0
75
2.73E+08
2.10E+08
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
1993870.65
4.85E+08

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm3
mm3
mm3
3
mm
mm3
mm3
mm3

c. Center of gravity of cross sections

Section
L/2
3L/8
YbotI
7.4E+02
8.0E+02
YtopI
4.6E+02
4.0E+02

At bearing
7.2E+02 mm
4.8E+02 mm

Web
Bottom
flange
Top girder
haunch
Bottom
girder
haunch
Concrete
Reinforce
ment
Total area

d. Moment of inertial
Section
I01
I02
I03
I04
I05
I06
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
I6
II

L/2
6.25E+08
1.79E+10
1.13E+08
5.56E+06
1.88E+07
0.00E+00
3.34E+10
1.34E+09
2.68E+10
6.16E+08
4.43E+09
0.00E+00
8.53E+10

3L/8
6.25E+08
1.79E+10
1.13E+08
5.56E+06
1.88E+07
0.00E+00
2.47E+10
3.62E+09
2.29E+09
3.86E+08
4.43E+09
0.00E+00
5.41E+10

L/4
8.2E+02
3.8E+02

L/8
8.1E+02
3.9E+02

L/4
6.25E+08
1.79E+10
1.13E+08
5.56E+06
1.88E+07
0.00E+00
2.13E+10
4.93E+09
2.84E+09
3.03E+08
4.43E+09
0.0E+00
5.25E+10

L/8
6.25E+08
2.42E+10
1.13E+08
9.96E+05
3.41E+06
0.00E+00
2.21E+10
6.17E+09
2.69E+09
1.56E+08
2.01E+09
0.0E+00
5.82E+10

At bearing
6.25E+08
3.59E+10
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
3.87E+10
1.69E+10
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.0E+00
9.20E+10

mm4
4
mm
4
mm
mm4
mm4
4
mm
mm4
mm4
mm4
4
mm
4
mm
mm4
mm4

Second stage (after casting slab):

a. Section

L/2
h5 =
b7 =
A7 =
AII

175
400
70000
6.50E+05

3L/8

L/4

L/8

At bearing
175
400
70000
7.48E+05

mm
mm
mm2
mm2

175
400
70000
6.50E+05

175
400
70000
6.33E+05

175
400
70000
6.85E+05

b. Statistical moment of cross section

1112.5
1112.5
y7
7.79E+07 7.79E+07
S7
SII
5.09E+08 5.39E+08

1112.5
7.8E+07
5.38E+08

1112.5
7.8E+07
5.77E+08

1112.5 mm
7.8E+07 mm3
5.63E+08 mm3

c. Center of gravity of cross sections

YbotI
7.83E+02 8.29E+02
YtopI
4.17E+02 3.71E+02

8.50E+02
3.50E+02

8.43E+02
3.57E+02

7.52E+02 mm
4.48E+02 mm

1.79E+08
4.82E+09
5.75E+10

1.79E+08
5.10E+09
6.34E+10

1.79E+08 mm
9.08E+09 mm4
1.01E+11 mm4

d. Moment of inertial
1.79E+08 1.79E+08
I07
7.59E+09 5.61E+09
I7
III
9.31E+10 5.99E+10
V - Determination of internal forces
1. Influent line of some cross sections
At L/2

y1 =
1825.0
y2 =
3975.0
y3 =
1825.0
M = 904875000

y1 =
y2 =
y3 =
Q=

0.5
0.23
0
105786.16

y1 =
1494.1
y2 =
3912.9
y3 =
2031.6
M= 914251953

y1 =
y2 =
y3 =
Q=

0.563
0.292
0.022
124667.85

At 7L/16

At 3L/8

y1 =
1039.1
y2 =
3726.6
y3 =
2114.1
M= 883257813

y1 =
y2 =
y3 =
Q=

0.625
0.355
0.084
153392.30

y1 =
955.9
y2 =
3416.0
y3 =
2915.7
M= 735981203

y1 =
y2 =
y3 =
Q=

0.688
0.417
0.147
165292.85

y1 =
2981.3
y2 =
1906.3
y3 =
831.3
M= 737781250

y1 =
y2 =
y3 =
Q=

0.750
0.480
0.209
185605.35

y1 =
2422.3
y2 =
1616.0
y3 =
809.8
M= 613892578

y1 =
y2 =
y3 =
Q=

0.813
0.542
0.272
205917.85

y1 =
1739.1
y2 =
1201.6
y3 =
664.1
M= 449632813

y1 =
y2 =
y3 =
Q=

0.875
0.605
0.334
226230.35

y1 =
931.6
y2 =
662.9
y3 =
394.1
M= 245001953

y1 =
y2 =
y3 =
Q=

0.938
0.667
0.397
246542.85

At 5L/16

At L/4

At 3L/16

At L/8

At L/16

At bearing

y1 =
y1 =
0
1
y2 =
y
=
0
0.712
2
y3 =
y3 =
0
0.423
M=
0
Q = 262979.0356
2. Summary total area of effective line of some sections
Section
L/2
3L/8
L/4
L/8 At bearing
M = 3.16E+07 2.96E+07
1.52E+07 9.55E+06
0
Q+ =
1988
3105
4472
6087
0
-1988
-1118
-497
-124
0
Q- =
Q =
0
1988
3975
5963
0
Section
7L/16
5L/16
3L/16
L/16
M = 3.11E+07 2.72E+07
1.28E+07 5.27E+06
Q+ =
2515
3758
5248
6987
-1522
-776
-279
-31
Q- =
Q =
994
2981
4969
6956
3. Dead loads
3
a. Main girder
DC
rc =
2.4525E-05 N/mm
Vollume of the beam: V
A1 =
A1 +A3
L
A3 =
V=2(A1 500 +
Ltaped + A3 ( 500 Ltaped ))
2
2
V=
V
qDC=
Distribution load: DC

q=

mm2
mm2
2
mm
2
mm
2

mm
2
mm
mm2
mm2

7.48E+05
6.33E+05
1.08E+10
16.11

mm2
mm2
mm3
N/mm

Section
L/2
3L/8
L/4
L/8 At bearing
M
5.09E+08 4.77E+08
2.44E+08 1.54E+08
0.00E+00
Q
0.00E+00 3.20E+04
6.40E+04 9.61E+04
0.00
Section
7L/16
5L/16
3L/16
L/16
M
5.01E+08 4.38E+08
2.07E+08 8.49E+07
Q
1.60E+04 4.80E+04
8.00E+04 1.12E+05
b. Superimposed Load: DW
qDW=
7
N/mm
Where:
Section
L/2
3L/8
L/4
L/8 At bearing
M
2.21E+08 2.07E+08
1.06E+08 6.69E+07
0.00E+00
Q
0
13912.5
27825
41737.5
0
Section
7L/16
5L/16
3L/16
L/16
M
2.18E+08 1.90E+08
8.99E+07 3.69E+07
Q
6956.25 20868.75
34781.25 48693.75
4. Live load
Internal force due to Struck HL93
Section
L/2
3L/8
L/4
L/8 At bearing
M
9.05E+08 8.83E+08
5.01E+08 3.31E+08
0.00E+00
Q
105786.16 144980.35 185605.346 226230.35 262979.0356
Section
7L/16
5L/16
3L/16
L/16
M
9.14E+08 9.52E+08
4.37E+08 1.86E+08
Q
124667.85 165292.85 205917.846 246542.85
VI - Total internal forces (dead load and live load)
1- Strength I
U = *(1.25*DC+1.5*DW+1.75*(LL+IM))
U = *(1.25*DC+1.5*DW+1.75*(1+IM)*B*LL*distribution)

Nmm
N
Nmm
N

N.mm
N
N.mm
N

N.mm
N
N.mm
N

Where: 1.25: load factor of DC of strength-I

1.5: load factor of DW of strength-I
1.75: load factor of LL of strength-I
= D x R x I = 0.95
: Resistance factor
D : A factor relating to ductility
R : A factor relating to redundancy
I : A factor relating to operation importance
=
0.95
IM =
0.25
With
B=
1
Load combination
DC+DW+Truck
Section
L/2
3L/8
L/4
M
2.25E+09 2.17E+09
1.18E+09
Q
1.49E+05 2.63E+05
3.78E+05
Section
7L/16
5L/16
3L/16
M
2.25E+09 2.19E+09
1.02E+09
Q
2.05E+05 3.20E+05
4.36E+05
2- Service limit stage
U = DC+DW+(1+IM)B*LL*distribution
Section
L/2
3L/8
L/4
M
1.53E+09 1.47E+09
7.95E+08
Q
8.99E+04 1.69E+05
2.50E+05
Section
7L/16
5L/16
3L/16
M
1.53E+09 1.47E+09
6.84E+08
Q
1.29E+05 2.09E+05
2.90E+05

1.3.2.1-2
1.3.2.1-2
1.3.2.1-2
1.3.2.1-2
T3.6.2.1-2

L/8
7.67E+08
4.93E+05
L/16
4.28E+08
5.51E+05

At bearing
0.00E+00
3.72E+05

L/8
5.15E+08
3.30E+05
L/16
2.87E+08
3.70E+05

At bearing
0.00E+00
2.24E+05

VII - Reinforcement design

1- Choosing reinforcement for some cross section of main girder
Reinforcement were chosen based on following formula
fMn > 1.33 Mu
fMn = f * As * fs *0.85h
f s = fy =
Calculation of reinforcement suppose that
f: Resistance factor
f=
0.9
L/2
3L/8
L/4
L/8
Section
Ultimate moment
1.33Mu = 3.00E+09 2.88E+09
1.57E+09 1.02E+09
Required area of steel
As = 7.78E+03 7.47E+03
4.07E+03 2.65E+03
Area each f28 bar
A25 =
490.625
490.625
490.625
490.625
The minimum number of f28 steel bars
n=
15.85
15.23
8.30
5.39
Chosen number of f28 steel bars
n=
16
16
10
8
7L/16
5L/16
3L/16
L/16
Section
Ultimate moment
1.33Mu = 3.00E+09 2.92E+09
1.35E+09 5.69E+08
Required area of steel
As =
7776
7570
3512
1475
Area each f28 bar
A25 =
490.625
490.625
490.625
490.625

N.mm
N
N.mm
N

N.mm
N
N.mm
N

A5.7.3.3.2
420 Mpa
5.5.4.2
At bearing
0.00E+00 N.mm
0.00E+00 mm2
490.625 mm2
0 bars
8 bars

N.mm
mm2
2

mm

the minimum number of f28 steel bars

n=
15.900
Chosen number of f28 steel bars
n=
16
2- Distribution of reinforcement:

15.4

7.2

bars

16

10

bars

2- Cutting off reinforcement:

Conditions for cuting off reinforcement
The effective depth of member
15 times of the nominal diameter of rebar
1/20 of the clear span
Choosing the maximum:
Development length (La) is extended from 30D to 40D
< La < 1000
750
Chosen
La =
D is diameter of rebars
Where:
Length from curve point is extended to middle of
beam is greater than 150mm (top of beam) and
100mm (bottom of beam)
So: Minimum extending length of longitudinal bar is
L=
At least one-third steel bars should be extended to supports
Number of bars chosen for each section is
Section
L/2
3L/8
L/4
L/8
Number of bars
16
16
10
8
Location
7950
5962.5
3975
1987.5
Cutoff location
0
5213
3225
1238
Chosen cutoff location
0
5213
3225
1238
Section
7L/16
5L/16
3L/16
L/16
Number of bars
16
16
10
8
Location
6956.25
4968.75
2981.25
993.75
Cutoff location
0
0
2981.3
993.8
Chosen cutoff location
0
0
1938
63
VIII- Check cross section (Strength 1)
1- Factored flexural resistance Mr:
Mr = f *Mn
Where: f : resistance factor
Distance between the neutral axis and the compressive face
If c > hf then
As fy A s fs 0.85fc (b bw )hf
c=
0.85fc 1 bw

Mn = As fy ds

1095
375
795
1095

mm
mm
mm
mm

875 mm

750 mm

At bearing
8 bars
0 mm
mm
mm
bars
mm
mm
mm

hf
As fy ds + 0.85fc (b bw )hf

2
2
2 2

If c hf, the section is calculated as rectangular when:

As fy
c=
0.85fc 1 bw

A5.7.3.2.1-1
A5.5.4.2.1
A5.7.3.1.2-3

0 85fc 1 bw

2
1: Stress block factor specifed
f'c = 40
Mpa
1 = 0.7642857
hf : Compressive flange depth of T beam
bw : Web width
b : Width of compression face
f's : Stress in steel compression reinforcement
d's : Distance from compression fiber to centroid of compressive steel
A's : Area of compression reinforcement
ds : Distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of tensile steel
As : Area of tensile reinforcement
a = c1: Depth of the equivalent stress block
L/2
3L/8
L/4
L/8 At bearing
1094.50
1120.31
1101.00
1125.00
1125.00 mm
0
0
0
0
0 mm
7850.0
7850.0
4906.3
3925.0
3925.0 mm2
0
0
0
0
0 mm2
0.7642857 0.7642857 0.76428571 0.7642857 0.764285714
Mn = As fy ds

Where:
Since:
so

Section
ds =
d's =
As =
A's =
1 =
Assume c > h f
c=
-1426.36
-1426.36
-1664.26
-1232.16
-757.29 mm
Assume c h f
c=
60.42
60.42
37.76
22.38
15.10 mm
a=
46.18
46.18
28.86
17.10
11.54 mm
Mn = 3.53E+09 3.62E+09
2.24E+09 1.84E+09
1.85E+09 N.mm
=
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
Mr = Mn = 3.18E+09 3.26E+09
2.02E+09 1.66E+09
1.66E+09 N.mm
Mu = 2.25E+09 2.17E+09
1.18E+09 7.67E+08
0.00E+00 N.mm
Check
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
2- Control cracking by distribution of reinforcement:
Spacing, s of mild steel reinforcement in layer closet to the tension face shall satisfy
123000e
s
2dc
s fss
dc
In which s = 1 +
0.7(h dc )
e = 1
where:
For class 1 exposure condition
e = 0.75
For class 2 exposure condition
e = Exposure factor
dc = Thickness of concrete cover measure from extreme tension filber to center of flexual
reinforcement located closet thereto
fss = Tensile strength in reinforce at service state
h = Overall thickness or depth of component
Section
e
dc
fss
h
s

L/2
1
40
420
1200
1.049

3L/8
1
40
420
1200
1.049

L/4
1
40
420
1200
1.049

L/8
1
40
420
1200
1.049

At Bearing
1
40 mm
420 N/mm
1200 mm
1.049

123000 e
-2d c
s f ss

199.1

199.1

199.1

199.1

199.1 mm

s
Check

40.0
OK

40.0
OK

40.0
OK

40.0
OK

40.0 mm
OK

3- Nominal resistance Vn
The norminal shear resistance Vn is determined by formula
V n = Vc + Vs + Vp
Vn = 0.25f'c bv dv + Vp
For which:
Vc = 0.083bbvdvf'c
Av fy dv (cot + cot ) sin
Vs =
s
Where:
bv: Effective web of the cross section
dv: Effective depth of the cross section
s: Spacing stirrupts
: Factor indicating ability of diagonally cracked concrete to transmit tension
: Angle of inclination of transver reinforcement to longitudinal axis
Av: Area of shear reinforcement within a distance
Vp: Component in the direction of the applied shear of the effective prestressing force positive
if resisting the applied shear.
In order to predict and , shear stress in concrete shall be calculated as
Vu
v=
bv dv
Mu /dv +0.5Vu cot
s =
0.001
2Es As
Section
L/2
3L/8
L/4
L/8 At bearing
Mu
2.25E+09 2.17E+09
1.18E+09 7.67E+08
0.00E+00
Vu
149489.1 262723.0
377978.9 493234.8
371622.2
Nu
0
0
0
0
0
Mn
3.53E+09 3.62E+09
2.24E+09 1.84E+09
1.85E+09

0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
dv
1094.5
1120.3
1101.0
1125.0
1125.0
bv
200
200
200
270
400
v
0.8
1.3
1.9
1.8
0.9
v/f'c
0.0190
0.0326
0.0477
0.0451
0.0229
Es
200000
200000
200000
200000
200000
As
7850.0
7850.0
4906.3
3925.0
3925.0
32.27669 32.27581
33.82729 34.17261
30.12451
Assumed
x*1000
0.694
0.682
0.690
0.666
0.204
As
7850.0
7850.0
4906.3
3925.0
3925.0
32.27669 32.27581
33.82729 33.827291
30.124513
Calculated

2.61402
2.59152 2.44960997
2.43009
2.669282

90
90
90
90
90

10
10
10
10
10
AD10
78.5
78.5
78.5
78.5
78.5
Av
157
157
157
157
157
600
600
600
600
600
Required s
300
300
300
150
150
Calculated s
Check
continue continue
continue
continue
continue
3.81E+05
3.90E+05
3.61E+05
7.38E+05
8.52E+05
Vs
3.00E+05
3.05E+05
2.83E+05
3.87E+05
6.31E+05
Vc
0.00E+00
1.00E+00
2.00E+00
3.00E+00
4.00E+00
Vp
6.81E+05
6.95E+05
6.44E+05
1.13E+06
1.48E+06
Vn1
2.19E+06
2.24E+06
2.20E+06
3.04E+06
4.50E+06
Vn2
Vn=Min(Vn1,Vn2)
6.81E+05
6.95E+05
6.44E+05
1.13E+06
1.48E+06
6.13E+05
6.25E+05
5.80E+05
1.01E+06
1.33E+06
Vn
1.49E+05
2.63E+05
3.78E+05
4.93E+05
3.72E+05
Vu
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
Check

N.mm
N
N
N.mm
mm
mm
MPa
MPa
mm2
Deg
mm2
Deg
Deg
Deg
mm
mm2
2
mm
mm
mm
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N