Venus Burke

August 23, 2016

Native American cultures are relatively static, unchanging for centuries until
bothered and disturbed by the European invaders after 1492. The natives had a
complicated and dominated spot in American history long before 1492.
The natives preferred to stay to their own traditions and with that mind-set they
emerged in the Americas and so this strange piece of land belong to them. Pre-Columbian
America also brought debates over social and environmental problems such as (native
violence, human sacrifice, and environmental waste). Colonization transformed the North
American environment, which had already experienced more modest changes initiated by
the native occupation. For example, European colonizers consider the natives warlike
savages. Warfare and the brutal torture and execution of both the natives Americans and
early modern Europeans. Native Americans are remarkably homogeneous and probably
descend from a few hundred ancestors who came to North America within fifteen
thousand years of the present. As the land bridge submerged, migration from Siberia
became more difficultbut not impossible for people possessing small boats made from
animal skins stretched over a wooden framework. At its narrowest, the Bering Strait is
only three miles wide. The first of migration named them, but scholars call them the
Paleo-Indians. As in their Siberian past, the Paleo-Indians lived by hunting and gathering
in small bands of about fifteen to fifty individuals: the optimum size for far-ranging travel
in pursuit of animals as well as for cooperation in the hunt and butchering. Their basic
weapon and tool was a spear with a sharp, flaked-stone point (usually flint) bound tightly
to a wooden shaft. At first, the Paleo-Indians primarily found in North America a vast,
cool grassland that sustained large herds of slow-moving herbivores initially
inexperienced in defending themselves against a predator as numerous and cooperative as
humans. The Paleo-Indians truly experienced the discovery and occupation of a vast new
domain of free land: free from other humans and abounding with plant and animal life.
Eventually, native peoples were often slow to adopt Mesoamerican horticulture.
By about the native people in the American southwest and Midwest had begun to
cultivate some maize and squash, but only as a minor supplement to their hunting and
gathering. By expanding the food supply, the human population had a more benefit life in
larger and more permanent villages. As people became dependent on corn, they had to
live most of the year in villages near their cultivated fields. The crops were a good
advantage but also collapse from an increase amount of drought or infestations of insects
and plant diseases. Horticulture also demanded more sustained and repetitive work than
did the hunting-and-gathering life, Not until about native peoples north of the Rio Grande
develop strains of maize better suited to their cooler climate and shorter growing season.
Thereafter, cultivation spread more rapidly. American southwest, the Mississippi region
enjoyed a humid and temperate climate. But they continued to depend upon hunting,
fishing, and gathering for most of their diet until they can adapt to the of maize, beans,
and squash. The broad floodplains of the Mississippi Valley. Natives could and did
damage their local environments, but they certainly did less enduring harm than the
colonizers who displaced them. Native peoples also could not match the wind or water
mills that facilitated the processing of wood and grain.

In conclusion, Native American cultures in the Mesoamerica, Southwest,

Northwest, Great Basin/Great Plains, and Northeast/Southeast regions have been through
a dramatic change in terms of moving and migrating and also social change (religion).
And also some down falls (being slaves), and being strip from their cultural traditions but
they also had encountered new settlers and Europeans explores from different parts of
the world, and different sides of Europe.