Pieter Bruegel, The Triumph of Death (c.

1562)

Europes Population
During the Late Middle Ages
Year

Population

1000

38 million

1100

48 million

1200

59 million

1300

70 million

1347

75 million

1352

50 million

Source: www.byu.edu/ipt/projects/middleages/LifeTimes/Plague.html

The Four
Horsemen
Revelation 6

http://www.davidmiles.net

The

th
14

Century

All of the following were occurring

during the fourteenth century:

Famine
Black Death
Hundred Years War
Peasant Revolts

Great Famine
(1315-1317)
Two Years of Crop Failure
(Northern Europe)

Millions of Deaths
Fama points
to her mouth

End of Period of Medieval

Growth and Prosperity

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grbSQ6O6kbs

Bubonic/Pneumonic Plague
(a.k.a. Black Death)
c. 1340s
40% of population dead?

A Beak Doctor

WHY???

Usury
Medieval Christians
were forbidden to lend
money with interest.

Excommunication

Jews were the main

money lenders in
medieval Europe.

Distinctive Dress
(Note Jewish Hat)

Poisoning the Well

Torture
Often used in the Middle
Ages to extract information
Admissible in Medieval
courts under certain
conditions

The British
Isles
England
Wales
Ireland
Scotland
Map Credit: Matt Lewis

Hundred Years War

England vs. France
New Weapons
Pike
English Longbow

Decline of Chivalry
Decline of Feudalism

1337-1453

(on and off)

Chivalry
Photo by SPT Photographe (seanthibert.com)

What is

Chivalry?

Cheval

Medieval French
word for Horse
Photo by greg

A Merger
of Germanic warrior
culture and Christian
morality

Photo by Iwan

Photo by Mr. Littlehand

The Values of Chivalry

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Christian Orthodoxy
Defense of the Church
Defense of the Weak
Love of Country
Courage in the face of an
enemy
6. Show no mercy toward infidels Leon
Gautier
7. Faithfulness to Duty
19 c. literary
8. Honesty / Keeping Ones Word historian
9. Generosity
10.Defense of Just Causes
th

Chivalry
was designed to

contain
a knights ferocity
& direct it toward

just causes.
Photo by Eva Rinaldi

Sir Bors Dilemma

Hoes Before Bros

War is Hell.
-- William T. Sherman, 1879

New Weapons
Foot soldiers became increasingly
dominant on the battlefield during
the Hundred Years War.

Pikemen
Photo by Rama

Crossbow

Longbow

Battle of Crcy

1346

The End of Chivalry

Edward III
King of England
Outnumbered 3-1?
PRIMARY SOURCE: Froissarts Chronicles [Excerpt]

Siege of Limoges
There was not so hard a heart
within the city of Limoges, and
if he had any remembrance of
God, but that wept
piteously for more than
three thousand men, women
and children were slain and
beheaded that day.

1370

Edward

The Black Prince

Battle of Agincourt
(1415)

Henry V
King of England
Outnumbered 3-1?

Battle of Agincourt
(1415)
Once more unto the breach, dear friends,
once more;
Or close the wall up with our English dead.
In peace there's nothing so becomes a man
As modest stillness and humility:
But when the blast of war blows in our ears,
Then imitate the action of the tiger;
Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood,
Disguise fair nature with hard-favour'd rage
-- Shakespeare, Henry V (Act III, Scene I)

Henry V
King of England
Outnumbered 3-1?

KEY:
English
French
English
Allies

Joan of Arc

1412-1431
French Peasant / Mystic
National Hero
TURNING POINT
Of Hundred Years War

Heretic and Saint

Change
Over
Time

Joan interrogated in her

prison cell by Cardinal
Winchester. By
Hippolyte Delaroche,
1824, Muse des BeauxArts, Rouen, France.

Joan of Arc became a

popular figure in art in
the 19th century for
more paintings, see
Joans Wikipedia page.

Nationalism

English Peasants Revolt

(1381)

PRIMARY SOURCE: Froissarts Chronicles [Excerpt]

English Peasants Revolt

(1381)
Wat Tyler
Leader
Murdered by London Mayor

Unsuccessful, BUT
Decline of serfdom in England
Wat Tyler or
St. Paul?