ENERGY METER

Jay Agrawal1, Jagdish Kumar2

B. Tech III year VI semester student, Department of PCB assembly
Genus Power Infrastructure ltd.
1
jayagrawalggc@gmail.com,2jagdishkumar1107@gmail.com
Abstract. The main objective of the project is to develop a prepaid energy meter. Watt hour meter or energy
meter is an instrument which measures amount of electrical energy used by the consumers. Utilities install these
instruments at every place like homes, industries, organizations to charge the electricity consumption by loads
such as lights, fans and other appliances. Most interesting type are used as prepaid electricity meter. This
project is powered by an on board power supply takes the ac power and converts in into dc power that is fed to
on- board devices and integrated circuits.. The micro controller takes the reading from the energy meter &
displays the reading on the LCD. The reading of energy meter is also sent to the all phone of the user by a
message through GSM modem.The Ramchandrapura unit is an integrated manufacturing unit, spread over
15000 sq meters, vastly focusing on exports to ensure future growth. The unit has a facility of manufacturing of
electronic communication measurement system/electronic energy meter, meter reading instrument, modem,
printed circuit board assemblies, meter box, diaphragm gas meter, etc, added Genus Power.
.I. INTRODUCTION
Basic unit of power is watts. One thousand watts is
one kilowatt. If we use one kilowatt in one hour, it
is considered as one unit of energy consumed.
These meters measure the instantaneous voltage
and currents, calculate its product and gives
instantaneous power. This power is integrated over
a period which gives the energy utilized over that
time period. a lot of requirements have to be
considered first. It is important to understand all the
factors that influence its behavior, in order to get
the best of it. The most important factors are
location, time and user needs (power). Location
associates information about climate, energy
sources availability and environment conditions.
These may be single or three phase meters
depending on the supply utilized by domestic or
commercial installations. For small service
measurements like domestic customers, these can
be directly connected between line and load. But
for larger loads, step down current transformers
must be placed to isolate energy meters from higher
currents. .

laminated electromagnets ., series and shunt

magnets. Series magnet carries a coil which is of
few turns of thick wire connected in series with line
whereas shunt magnet carries coil with many turns
of thin wire connected across the supply.
Breaking magnet is a permanent magnet which
applies the force opposite to normal disc rotation to
move that disc at balanced position and to stop the
disc while power is off.Series magnet produces the
flux which is proportional to the current flowing
and shunt magnet produces the flux proportional to
the voltage. These two fluxes lag by 90 degrees due
to inductive nature. The interaction of these two
fields produces eddy current in the disk, exerting a
force, which is proportional to product of
instantaneous voltage, current and phase angle
between them.
Figure1.1 It is electromechanical induction type energy meter
Vertical spindle or shaft of the aluminum disc is
connected to gear arrangement which records a
number, proportional to the number of revolutions
of the disc. This gear arrangement sets the number

Types3 Basic types of Energy meters

1.Electromechanical induction type energy
meter It is the popularly known and most common
type of age old watt hour meter. It consists of
rotating aluminum disc mounted on a spindle
between two electromagnets. Speed of rotation of
disc is proportional to the power and this power is
integrated by the use of counter mechanism and
gear trains. It comprises of two silicon steel

in a series of dials and indicates energy consumed

over a time. This type of meter is simple in
construction and accuracy is somewhat less due to
creeping and other external fields. A major problem

with these types of meters is their easy prone to

tampering, leading to a requirement of an electrical
energy monitoring system. These are very
commonly used in domestic and industrial
applications.
2.Electronic Energy MetersThese are of accurate, high procession and reliable
types of measuring instruments as compared to
conventional mechanical meters. It consumes less
power and starts measuring instantaneously when
connected to load. These meters might be analog or
digital. In analog meters, power is converted to
proportional frequency or pulse rate and it is
integrated by counters placed inside it. In digital
electric meter power is directly measured by high
end processor. The power is intrigated by logical
circuits to get the energy and also for testing and
calibration purpose. It is then converted to
frequency or pulse rate.
These are mainly two types.
(i)Analog type energy meter
(ii)Digital type energy meter
3.Smart energy meterIt is an advanced metering technology involving
placing intelligent meters to read, process and
feedback the data to customers. It measures energy
consumption, remotely switches the supply to
customers and remotely controls the maximum
electricity consumption. Smart metering system
uses the advanced metering infrastructure system
technology for better performance. These are
capable of communicating in both directions. They
can transmit the data to the utilities like energy
consumption, parameter values, alarms, etc and
also can receive information from utilities such as
automatic
meter
reading
system,
reconnect/disconnect instructions, upgrading of
meter softwares and other important messages.

Figure-Smart energy meter

These meters reduce the need to visit while taking
or reading monthly bill. Modems are used in these
smart meters to facilitate communication
system such as telephone, wireless, fiber cable,
power line communications. Another advantage of
smart metering is complete avoidance of tampering
of energy meter where there is scope of using
power in an illegal way.

(II).Production By Genus (i)Production By Genus of Smart meters-With

an installation base of over 30 million meters,
Genus is a market leader in modern energy
metering solutions. Genus offers a wide range of
custom is able products and services for utilities as
well as specialized products for power trading
companies, industries and housing
communities.
(ii)Production By Genus of Single phase
meters
1.1 phase, 2 wire, class 1, whole current, Tamper
proof, Time of Use, Static Electricity meter
conforming to IEC-62053-21/23, IEC-62054 and IS
13779.
2.Designed for MTBF 200 years.24 bit S? ADC
for accurate measurement. Measures current in
both the elements (Phase & Neutral), makes meter
tamper proof.
3.High Energy resolution(4 decimal), reduces
energy loss due to power outage.
4.Extra ordinary Anti tamper features Current
reversal, Earth tampers Phase/Neutral cut, Neutral
Loop, Pure/Chopped DC injection in Phase/Neural
circuit. Phase/Neutral cut tamper. Low Starting
Current 1A Accuracy 2.5A to 60A.
5.Extended immunity to HF ,Tested up to 5W RF
power Frequency range ( 30370 MHz).Measures
Active energy, Apparent energy Maximum Demand
kW, Maximum demand KVA ,True rms Voltage ,
True rms Phase Current, True rms Neutral Current,
Instantaneous signed Power Factor ,Instantaneous
Frequency, Instantaneous Load.
6.Time of use metering, Up to 6 configurable TOU
slots & 6 tariffs, 3 types of days, 4 seasons,
daylight saving in accordance with IEC
62054.Optical port Hardware compatible to IEC
62056 21,With very high BAUD rate 9.6 Kbps
resulting in a quick downloading of data.
7.TOU function is supported by Epsons factory
calibrated RTC with an accuracy of up to 3 minutes
per year.
8.RTC developed on GENUS feedback has a
32.768KHz internal crystal with a stability of better
than 5 PPM.
9.Active Pulse outputs & Visual tamper indications.
Store 35 days Load profile with kWh, average
voltage & average current, for the integration
period for integration period of 30 minutes.
10 .6 months history of billing parameters.
Supporting Software. The product is shipped with
an efficient meter reading program and a highly
user friendly base station software URJA for
METER data processing. Battery backup for meter
reading in the event of power outage
(iii)Production By Genus of three phase
meters.
1.A 3 phase, 4 wire, class 1, whole
current (10-100A), Time of Use, static
Electricity meter conforming to IEC-

62053-21/23
and
IEC-62054.
Dual
processor Environment with a processor
dedicated to metrology & computation
and the other for communication &
calculations. Designed for MTBF better
than 250 Years .
2.A dual processor design achieves the
very high BAUD rate (IEC-62056-21) ,
9.6Kbps resulting in a quick downloading
of data and at the same time permitting
advance communication with PSTN , PLC , GPRS,
LOW Power Radio Modems
3. 6 separate S? ADC s for accurate measurement ,
thus alleviating the need for filtering algorithms for
ADC multiplexing errors.
4. 4 Quadrant Metering, with active/reactive,
import/export
5. Time of use metering, Up to 12 configurable
TOU slots & 12 tariffs, 3 types of days, 4 seasons,
daylight saving in accordance with IEC 62054.
6. TOU function is supported by Epsons factory
calibrated RTC with an accuracy of up to 3 minutes
per year. RTC developed on GENUS feedback has
a 32.768KHz internal crystal with a stability of
better than 5 PPM
7. Detects all types of tampers, frauds and
anomalies & prevents energy pilferage Active and
Reactive/Apparent Pulse outputs.
8. 85 days Load profile with kWh, kVA, kVArh
Lag, kVArh Lead, average voltages & average
currents, Average frequency for the integration
period for integration period of 30 minutes.
9.12 months history of billing parameters
10.Configurable parameters viz. TOU
tables, Maximum Demand integration
period, persistence time for tamper
registration and restoration, apparent
calculation method
11.Supporting Software.
12. The product is shipped with an efficient meter
reading program and a highly user friendly base
station software URJA for METER data processing
13.Battery backup for meter reading in the event of
power outage.
14.Immune to very strong magnetic and
radiated/conducted electromagnetic disturbance

(iv)Production By Genus of prepayment

meters.
Web Enabled Vending Station and
Centralized Data Base Server. The Genus- Grim
Pre Payment Energy Metering Solution is a flexible
and secure revenue management solution for
electricity Distribution Companies. It is offered in
accordance with the internationally recognized STS
standard which provides meter inter-operatically
with vending stations of other makes. The solution
automates and simplifies advance revenue
collection, demand management and remote two
way communication. The solution comprises Single
Phase Keypad Meter and a web based central
server for meter database & vending software

management, along with an optional in-house

Consumer Interface Unit (CIU).The monetary
TDES encrypted numeric meter specific vend token
is generated from the central web server with
configurable tariff structure and transferred into
consumer meter using a Meter Keypad or CIU
Keypad or optical RS232 port.

Figure-Working in genus

(iv)Production By Genus of group meters.Genus Smart group Metering Solution is an

innovation for Group Housing Apartments &
clustered Areas. The Metering Solution is an
integration of 12Nos of Single Phase Individual
DIN-rail mounted meter with residential/ Remote
Enabled Display Unit (REDU) unique to each
meter, Data Collector unit, Relay Switches &
GSM/GPRS
module.
Wall/Pole
mounting
arrangement of Metering unit and Energy display
unit at Consumer premises makes it tamper proof
and cost effective solution for AMR and some
meter test equipments and meter reading
instruments.

(III). Working of smart meterA smart meter is a new kind of gas and electricity
meter that can digitally send meter readings to your
energy supplier. This can ensure more accurate
energy bills. Smart meters also come with
monitors, so you can better understand your energy
usage. Every home in Britain will have a smart
meter installed by 2020.
Smarter readings-Well take your readings
automatically. Theres no need to wait in for
someone to take a reading, or send one yourself.

Figure smart meter network

Smarter bills-Your bills will be based on actual

readings not estimates*, so theyll be more
accurate. And because youll be able to keep a track
of your usage since your last bill, there should be
no unexpected costs.
Smarter information-Youll get a Smart energy
display when your meters are fitted. At a glance
youll see how much energy you use when you turn

the washing machine on and get a good idea what it

costs to boil the kettle.

(IV).TECHNOLOGY
Of all smart meter technologies, one critical
technological problem is communication. Each
meter must be able to reliably and securely
communicate the information collected to some
central location. Considering the varying
environments and locations where meters are
found, that problem can be daunting. Among the
solutions proposed are: the use of cell and pager
networks, satellite, licensed radio, combination
licensed and unlicensed radio, and power line
communication. Not only the medium used for
communication purposes, but also the type of
network used, is critical. As such, one would find:
fixed wireless, mesh network or a combination of
the two. There are several other potential network

configurations possible, including the

use of Wi-Fi and other internet related
networks. To date no one solution seems to
be optimal for all applications. have very different
communication problems from urban utilities or
utilities located in difficult locations such as
mountainous regions or areas ill-served by wireless
and internet companies.
In addition to communication with the head-end
network, smart meters may need to be part of a
Home Area Network which can include an InPremises Display and a hub to interface one or
more meters with the head end. Technologies for
this network will vary from country to country but
include Power line communication and ZigBee.

(V).Health and safety

Figure smart meter

Most health concerns about the meters arise from
the (RF) radiation emitted by wireless smart
meters. Members of the California State Assembly
asked the California Council on Science and
Technology (CCST) to study the issue of potential
health impacts from smart meters. The CCST report
in April 2011 found no health impacts, based both
on lack of scientific evidence of harmful effects
from radio frequency (RF) waves and that the RF
exposure of people in their homes to smart meters
is likely to be minuscule compared to RF exposure
to cell phones and microwave ovens. Issues
surrounding smart meters causing fires have also
been reported, particularly involving the
manufacturer Sensus. In 2012. PECO Energy
Company replaced the Sensus meters it had
deployed in the Philadelphia region after reports
that a number of the units had overheated and
caused fires. In July 2014, SaskPower, the
province-run utility company of the Canadian
province of Saskatchewan, halted its roll-out of
Sensus meters after similar, isolated incidents were
discovered. Shortly afterward, Portland General
Electric announced that it would replace 70,000
smart meters that had been deployed in the state of
Oregon after similar reports. The company noted
that it had been aware of the issues since at least
2013, and that they were limited to certain models
it had installed between 2010 and 2012.On July 30,
2014, after a total of 8 recent incidents involving
the meters, Sask Power was ordered by
the Government of Saskatchewan to immediately
end its smart meter program, and remove the
105,000 smart meters it had installed.

(VI).Manufacturing Facilities
Genus has implemented Lean manufacturing for
competitive advantage. Lean manufacturing
methods helps Genus to achieve competitive
advantage through associated benefits like lower
production cost, superior quality, shorter order-todelivery time, greater flexibility, and improved
response to changing customer demand. By
implementing Lean manufacturing, Genus not only
ensures quality of the products but at the same time
is also able to offer them at best possible rates. All
the energy meter production lines are lean lines and
Genus believes in value engineering and
continuous improvements by holding regular
Kaizens to add value in everything Genus does

(VII).Benefits of smart meterMore accurate bills-Smart meters mean the end of

estimated bills, the end of having to remember to
provide meter readings and/or have a stranger come
into your home to read your meter
Better understanding of your usage-With the inhome display, you can see immediately and directly
how your habits and lifestyle impact your energy
usage and ultimately your energy bill. By making
your energy usage more easily understood, you can
make smarter decisions to save energy and money,
including feeling more comfortable switching
energy supplier.

article about why we should think carefully about

the security problems of smart meters. Another
security expert, Krebs ,reported that the FBI had
seen a very large amount of electricity theft in
Puerto Rico after smart meters were installed. So
there are some problems with security.
Smart meters can be quite costly in comparison to
the savings they accrue for customers. Smart
meters are often thought of as a mean to introduce
real-time pricing. This would, it is said, enable
demand to match supply as real-time electricity
prices would bring electricity prices into line with
the costs of production. The cost of producing a
unit of electricity can vary depending on the time
of day it is consumed (strangely enough).

Faster and easier energy switching-Because your

usage data is so easily accessible, the aim is to
make energy switching as quick as just a half hour.

(IX). CONCLUSION

Bringing Britain's energy system into the 21st

century -The future is smart, and smart meters are
part of the effort to create a smart grid, which is
part of providing low-carbon, efficient and reliable
energy to Britain's households.

In this work a smart energy meter is designed

which shows energy saving in the home . From the
study of the model characteristics of the smart
meter.
Now a days electricity is most needed facility for
the human being it is clear that this smart meter
provides better features , good stability and
automatic meter checking capability. For these
reasons the system is much useful to good quality
of power. We have seen that lack of saving in
results.

(X)References
Figure- Advanced metering interface
Innovative energy tariffs -Using the data collected
on when and how households are using energy,
suppliers can create more competitive time-of-use
tariffs with cheaper prices for off-peak use.

(VIII).Disadvantages of smart meter

There is a lot of concern that the data produced by
smart meters could be quite invasive re personal
privacy. Will the data collected be used to benefit
the customer, or the company, or another party
entirely?
There are some significant cyber-security
implications with smart meters. There is a risk that
these devices could be hacked. If electricity supply
is controlled by devices connected to
communications infrastructure, then there is a the
possibility that hackers could disrupt the electricity
system. Anderson and Fuloria wrote an

1.Mr Shambhu Dayal Ji from PCB

assembly
(Genus
power
infrastructure ltd.)Ramchandpura ,
Jaipur
2."EnergyAxis" time-of-use metering
3.Jump up "SRP: How to read your meter
4.Global smart meter market 2001-2022utility-saving