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b y t h e f o r e g oi n g d e m o ns t r ati o n s to b e e t e r n al i n t e l l i g e n c e
th e
an d f u l l o f b l i s s i s ex p r e ss e d b y t h e wo r d T w a m ( T ho u ) ;
P A RA B RA H M A U n iv e r s al S p i r it o r S u p re m e B r ah ma as e x p re ss
T at ( T h at ) i s e t er n al i n t e l l i ge n c e an d b l i s s
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b e p o i nte d out
10
H a vi n g th u s e s t ab l i s h e d th e A t m a t o b e f u l l o f b l i ss
i t re mai ns t o b e s ee n wh e th e r o r n ot h app i n e ss i s man i f e s t e d
a l way s I f i t i s no t man i f e s t e d t h e n S e l f c an no t b e t h e s e a t o f
and

P A N C H AD AS I

s u p r e me f el i c i ty f o r u n l e ss an oj b ect a pp e a r b e a ut i ful i t can

n o t exc i t e o u r l o v e m o r e o v e r e v e n i f i t i s m an if e s t e d S e l f
c an no t b e s ty l e d t o b e t h e s e a t o f h a pp i n e ss f o r n at u r all y
a f t e r h av i n g d e r iv e d , h a ppi n e ss t h e r e i s n o i n c l i na t i o n for
n d i n g o ut i t s c a u s e h e n ce wh e r e i s t h e p oss i b i l ity o f a tt a c h
i ng f e l i c i t y t o h im ? A n d as aft e r h a vi n g t as t e d s u c h s u p r e me
i n effab l e h a pp i n e ss t h e r e i s n o mo r e h an ke r i n g l e ft
and
f o r t h e g r a t i c a t i on o f wo rl d l y d e s i r e s t h e r ef o r e l o v e f o r s e l l
o we s i t s orig injt o n o o t h e r s e c on d p r i n c ip l e f o r wh i c h it i s sa i d
t h e s e mb l an c e o f b l i ss a tt a c h e d t o t h e A t ma i s b o t h man i
fe ste d an d i t s r e v e r s e
A s i n a n ass e mb l y o f b o y s r ec an t i n g t h e Vedas t h
12
t h o u g h it i
vo i c e o f n o on e b o y c an b e s i n g l e d o ut p l ai n l y
a u d i b l e h e n ce i t c an b e sa i d t o b e a u d i b l e an d i na u d i b l e a
t h e sa me t i me s i mi l arl y f o r an i mp e d i me n t t h e manife stib il it
o f S e l f b e i n g f u l l o f b l i ss an d it s Opp os i t e c on d i t i o n a r e p r e s e n
at the sa me t i me
13
T he n a tur e o f t h e i mp e d i me n t wh i c h p r e v e n t s th
manifestib il ity o f t h e s u p r e me h ap p i n e ss o f t h e A t ma t h o u g
a l way s p r e s e n t i s n ow b e i n g d ec l are d T h a t wh i c h is e t e r
n a ll y p r e s e n t b ut wh i c h a pp e a r s t o b e n on e t e r n a l i s c a l l e
a n i m p e d i me n t o r o b s t a c l e I n t h i s way t h e s u p r e me fe l icit
o f t h e A t ma i s e v e r p r e s e n t b ut fr o m b e i n g b l i n d e d b y th
p o i son o f wo rl d l y d e s i r e s s u c h fe l i c i ty app e a r s t o b e i mp e r
man e n t an d i l l d e n e d a r e s ult o f wh at i s c a l l e d a n o b s t a c l e
wh i c h p r e v e n t s i t s man ife stib il ity t h o u g h i t i s e v e r p r e s e n t
Wh a t i s t h e c a u s e o f o b s t a c l e ? A s i n t h e foreg oin
14
ex amp l e o f an ass e mb l a g e o f b oy s t h e c a u s e o f t h e ob stacl
wh i c h p r e v e n t s t h e v o i ce o f a s i n g l e b o y b e i n g h e a r d i s th
c o mb i n i n g o f s e v e r a l v o i ce s l o u d l y r ec an t i n g so i n t h e p r e s e n
i ns t an ce t h e c a u s e o f t h e o b s t a c l e wh i c h p r e v e n t s t h e man i
fe st ib il ity o f t h e s u p r e me f e l i c i t y o f th e A t m a i s A mab/ a whic
h as n e i t h e r a b eg i nn i n g n o r e n d an d i s i n d e s c r i b ab l e
15
T h i s s dy a o we s it s o r i g i n t o P rakr z l z
P rakrz l z i
the s h a d o w o f t h e S u p r e me B r a h ma wi t h t he t h r ee a ttri bu t e
.

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P A NC H A D A S L

o f S al wa R afa an d T amar i t i s s u b tl e I t i s o f two k i n d s

M ay a ( I ll u s i on ) an d A may a ( I g n o r an c e )
16
T ho ug h e q u al l y d er i v ed f r o m P rakr z t z t h e i r con s t itu
t i on d i ff er s ; f o r M ay a i s m ad e o f t h e p u r e S atwa T he re e c
ti on o f i n t e l l i ge n c e i n M ay a af t er h avi n g s ub d ue d i t i s c a ll e d
th e o mn i s c i e n t Is war a ( th e L o r d )
17
T he r e e c ti o n o f i nt e l l i g e n c e i n A mity/ a an d e n ti re l y
s ub s er v i e n t t o i t i s c al l e d th e f irm ( L i fe so u l ) p ur ity o r
i n s e n ti e n c y o f I g n o r an c e an d i t s v ar y i n g s h ad e s d e t e r m i n e t h e
c ons tit u t io n o f a D e v a m an c ow h o r s e e t c I t i s l i k e wi s e
c al l ed th e c au s e b o dy ; an d on e h av i n g a c on c e i t f o r t h i s c a u s e
b o d y i s c all ed P ra/n a
18
N ow t o as c er t ai n t h e A s t r a l b o dy ( l z rzg a r arz ra) t h e
ve e l e me n t s r e q u i r e t o b e c ons i d e r e d
F r o m t h e a fo r e sa i d
P rakr z l z ( M att er ) a b o u n d i n g in ( T amas ) d a r k n e ss b y t h e com
man d o f I s wa r a ( L o r d ) we re d er iv e d r s t e th e r n ex t a i r r e
wa t e r an d e a r t h f o r t h e e n j o y me n t o f P raj na an d o t h e r s
19
M att e r h as b ee n s h o wn t o p oss e ss t h e
t h r ee p r o p ert i e s S atwa R af a T a mas h e n ce t h e e l e me n t s
w h i c h a r e d er iv e d f r o m i t m u s t a l so h av e t h e m i n c o mmon
f o r [ th e q u al it i e s o f a c au s e b o d y a re tr an s mi tt e d t o i t s p r o
d u c t s ) Fr o m t h e satwavic p a rt i c l e o f e a c h o f t h e v e e l e me n t s
a r e d e r iv e d i n a c ons ec u ti v e o r d e r t h e s e v e r a l s e ns e s
fr o m
t h e g oo d p a rt i c l e s o f e t h e r t h e e a r fr o m a i r t h e s k i n f r o m
fi r e
e y e f r o m wa t e r t on gu e an d f r o m e a r th n os e
20
F r o m t h e c o l l ec t iv e t o t al ity o f g oo d n e s s o f t h e v e
e l e me n t s i s d e r iv e d t h e i n t er na l o r g an ( an l akarana) wh i c h f o r
a d i ffe r e n ce o f i t s f o r mati on i s d i vid e d i n t o M anar ( M i n d ) an d
B ooaalz z ( I n t e ll e c t) t h e rs t i s c h a r a c t e r i s e d b y d o u b t s an d t h e
s ec on d b y c e r t it u d e
2 1
F r o m t h e i n t e r me d i a t e me dd l e so me o r ac t iv e ( R af a)
q u a l it y p r e s e n t i n e a c h o f t h e v e e l e m e n t s a re d e r iv e d i n a
s e r i a l o r d e r S p e ec h and t h e v e o rg an s o f a c t i o n T h a t i s t o
sa y e t h e r i s t he c aus e o f t h e o r g an o f sp e ec h a i rt he h an ds
fi r e t h e fee t wa t e r t h e an u s an d e a rt h t h e g e n it a l s
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P A N GH A D A S I

c o l l ec tiv e t o t a l ity o f t h e s ame R afa as p r e s e n t in

a l l th e v e e l e me n t s i s t h e p r o g e n it o r o f P rdna ( vit al air) wh i c h
f o r a v a r i e ty o f f u n c ti on i s d ivi d e d i n t o

P ran a th e air s it u at e d a t th e ti p o f th e n os e
( a)

Ap arz a th e air r e s i d i n g i n th e an u s
( 5)

S aman a wh i c h h e l p s th e d i ge s ti on o f f oo d
( c)

Uda n a s it u at e d i n th e th r oa t
( a)
an a w h i c h r e s i d e s i n al l p ar t s o f th e b o d y
( e)
y
V
23
T h e v e s e n s e s v e o rg an s o f ac t ion v e v it al ai r s
t h e m i n d an d i n t e l l e c t c o ns ti t u t e th e s e v e nt ee n c h ar ac t er
ist icts o f t h e s ub t l e b o d y o th er wi s e c al l ed
L i n g a s h ar i r a
H e n ce t o d e t e r m i n e i t th e f o reg oi n g ex p l an at i on c on ce r n i n g
t he o r i g i n o f e th e r , e t c was n ec e ssa r y
24
P raj na as so c i at e d wit h th e i mp u r e g oo d n e ss ab o u n d
ing i n i g no r an ce f o r t h e c on ce i t t h at h e i s t h e s ub tl e A s tr a l
b o dy i s cal l e daT azj ar ; an d A wara asso c i at e d wi th t h e p ure
g oo d n e ss a b o u n d i n g i n i l lu s i on f o r a s i m i l ar c on ce i t i s c al l e d
H z rany ag arbaa
H e r e t h e c on ce i t i n t h e s ub t l e b o d y b e i n g
i d e n t i c al i n b o t h t h e i r a c t u al di e re nce c on s i s t s i n th i s th at
T a zj as i s t h e d i s t r i b u t e s eg r e g at e an d [ s w am c o l l e c ti v e t o t al ity
o f a l l A s tr a l b o d i e s T h at i s t o say I s war a o r L o r d h as c on c e i t
t h at h e i s t h e c o ll e c t i v e t o t al ity o f al l A s t r al b od i e s wh i l e
T aij as h as a c on c e i t f o r h i s i n d i v i d u al s ub t l e b o d y o n l y
25
T h i s H z rarzy ag ardlz a k n o ws th at h e i s n on d i ffe re n t
a n d i n s e p ar ab l e fr o m al l c o l l ec t i v e s u b t l e b o d i e s w ith wh i c h
h e i s asso c i at e d H e n ce h e i s c al l e d a c o l l e c ti v e to t al i ty I n
th e s ame way f r o m wan t o f k no wl e d g e T a zj as i s a d i s t r i bu t iv e
se g r eg a t e
26
H a vi n g t h u s d e a l t wi t h t h e s ub t l e A s tr a l b o d y an d
i t s asso c i at e s T a zj as P raj zz a an d H zrazgy ag ar/z a an d I s w ara
th e o r i g i n o f th e g ross physical b ody i s n ow b e i n g c on s i d er e d
W ith th i s o b j ec t q u i n t u p l i c at i on i s t o b e e x p l ai n e d [ s wam
wit h a vi e w o f p r o vi d i n g ad e q u a t e f o od an d d r i n k f o r P r aj zz a
and ot h e r b e i n g s an d t h e i r p l ac e o f e nj o y me n t an d f o r t h e
p r o d u ct i on o f t h e f o ur var i e ti e s o f g r o s s b o d i e s vivi p ar o u s
22

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P A N C H AD A S L

o vip a r o u s e art hy an d ger m i n atin g d ivi d e d e a c h o f t h e v e

e l e me n t s e th er and th e r e s t i n th e f o l l o w in g wi s e
27
H e d i v i ded e ac h e l e m e nt i nto t wo e q u al p ar t s t oo k
t h e r s t h al f o f e ac h d i v i de d i t i n to f o ur p ar t s an d ad de d t o
it ( on e e i g hth ) e ac h r s t po r tion o f th e oth e r e l e m e n t s
28
Fr o m th i s q u i n t u p l i c at i on o f th e e l e me n t s h as b e e n
p r o du ce d th e B r ah mas egg an d t h e f o ur t ee n ab o de s f r o m
B h u r t o Fatal e t c t o g e t h e r with al l th e e n j oy ab l e th i n g s an d

t h e n ec e s s ar y b o d i e s c ap ab l e o f e nj oy i n g th e m ? H irama
a
/
2a f o r t h e c on c e it t h at h e i s p re s e n t u n iv er s al l y i n th e c o l
r
b
g
l e ctive tot al ity o f al l gr o ss p hy s i c al b o d i e s i s c al l ed Vazs wanara
o r Vz rat [ f o r h e m an i fes t s i n d i v er s f o r m s ] T a r
j ar f o r i t s p re
s e n ce i n th e d i s t r i b u tiv e s egreg at e o f i n d iv i d u al g r oss phy s i c a l
b o d y an d f o r th e c on ce it t h a t h e is a D eva man cow h o r s e
e t c i s d e s i g n at e d Vz swa
2
N ow th e u n sp i r it u a l an d ( i g no r an t ) o f t h e s e D e v as an d
9
me n f o r e n j oyi n g h app i n e ss an d s u ff e r i n g woe i n t h i s s t a t e o f
ex i s t e n c e h av e re c o ur s e t o ac ti o n s wh i c h ag ai n l e ad t o f u tur e
re b i r th s f o r s i mi l ar e n j o y me n t an d s u ff e r i n
g i n p r o p o r t i on
t o th e i r m e r it s an d d e m er i t s T h u s be i n g h ur l e d i n t o c o n
t in u al re b i r th s
th e y are d eb ar r e d f r o m e v e r e n j oy i n g tru e
f e l i c ity
A s i n t h e i ns t an c e o f an i ns ec t f a l l i n g i n t o a wh i r l p oo l
30
p ass f r o m on e wh i r l p oo l t o an o th e r i n an att e mpt t o e x tr i c a t e
i t s e l f f ai l i n g wh i c h i t i s p r e v e n t e d fr o m att ai n i n g t o h appi n e ss
A s th e s ame i n s e c t f o r p r e vi o u s g oo d a c ti on s f r o m
31
th e k i n d h e a rt e d i n t e rf e r e n ce o f an i n d ivid u a l i s r e s c u e d f r o m
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th e s a i d f ra c t ion a l c omb i n a ti on s of th e e l e me nt s h a v e
l ik e w i s e b ee n e v ol v ed one a b o v e th e oth e r th e s e v e r a l ab ode s
d e s i g n a t ed as B h ur B h u va r S wa r M a h ar j a n a s T a p a s a n d
S a ty a a n d on e b e l ow th e ot he r t he n e th er s p he re s s e ve ral ly c a ll ed
A t a l a V ital a S u t a la R a sat al a Ta l at al a M ah a ral a a n d P a t a l a
t og e th e r with B rah m a s egg th e four p h y s i c al ( gross ) b od i e s w ith

th e i r a deq u at e f ood gra in s a nd d r in k

Vz l e D H O L E S Veda n t a
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t h e wh i rl p oo l an d d e po s it e d u n d er t h e s h a d e o f a t r ee on t h e
r iv e r b an k t o e n j o y h ap p i n e ss
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re c e iv e d i n s t r u c ti on f r o m a t e ac h er d e v ot ed to B rak ma c o m e
t o d i ffe r e n ti at e t h e A t ma f r o m th e v e s h e ath s A nna may a e t c
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and at t ai n t o s u p r e m e f e l i c ity
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A l ma l i ke a s h e ath h e n c e t h e y are d e s i g n at e d kos/z a ( s h e at h s )
A s th e s i l k wo r m a f t e r h a vi n g wo v e n i t s sa c b e c o me s c on n ed
an d i s s ub j ec t e d t o m u c h i n c on v e n i e n ce
s o t h e s e ve s h e a t h s
c o v e r t h e A l ma r e n d e r h im f o rge tf u l of h i s r e a l na tur e an d
hu rl h im i n t o a r e l a t i ons h i p wit h t h e e x t e r n a l wo rl d
N ow f o r an ex am i na t i o n o f t h e s e s h e at h s T h e r e s ult
34
ing p r o d u c t o f q u i n t u p l i c a t i on o f t h e e l e me n t s is t h e p h y s i c a l
b o d y T h i s is d e s i g n at e d t h e A nnamay akoslz o r t h e f oo d f u l
T h e s ub tl e A s tr a l b o dy h avi n g wi t h i n i t t h e v e
c o ve r i ng
o r g an s o f a c t i on d e v e l o p e d f r o m t h e a c ti v e R af a t o ge t h e r
wit h v e v i t a l a i r s c ons ti tut e wh at i s c a l l e d t h e L i f e s h e a t h
.

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l o v e an d a ff e c t i on e t c i s t e r me d th e ( A nandamay a kos/z )
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B l i ss f u l s h e at h
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t h at i s t o s ay i n c o n n ec t i on wi t h f o o d f oo d f u l ; l i fe s h eat h
v it al ; wi t h k no wl e d ge c o g n it i ona l ; an d b l i ss
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35

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s e p ar at ed an d re n d e re d d i s ti n c t f r o m th e v e s h e ath s th e n i s
d i s c o v ere d h i s c o n d i t io n o f e v er l as ti n g i n t e l l i ge n c e a n d b l i ss
c on s e q u e n t ly th e c o n d iti o n o f t h e n it e as re p re s e n t ed b y t h e
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f oo d f u l ) i s ab s e n t b ri t th e A t m a i s n ot wan t i n g i n m an ife st ib i
l ity
H e i s p re s e n t as a wi tn e ss e v e n h ere an d s u c h a c on
d iti o n i s t er m e d A n vay a o r c on n e c ti o n as c au s e an d e ff e c t

[T h e o f t q u ot e d e x am p l e o f I k n e w n oth i n g t h e n i s a t r i t e
e x amp l e H ere th e p h r as e s i g n i e s th at al l c o n s c i o u s n e s s
i s at an e n d b u t t h e n t h e k n o w l edg e o f s u c h a c on d iti on i s
it s e l f an e x p er i e n c e o f a c er t ai n am o u n t o f c o n sc io u s n e ss
oth er wi s e f o r on e to S ay o n wak i n g th at h e k n e w n oth i n g w h i l e
N o w t h i s s x g n i e s t h at th e m i n d
as l ee p w i l l b e i m p o ss i b l e
i n it s o rd i n ar y s t at e i s a d o u b l e c o m b i n atio n o f A t ma p l u s
m i n d w e are s o m u c h i n th e e n j oy m e n t o f t h i s t w i n m ed l e y
th at its l e as t d i s t ur b an c e as i n t s o r t r an c e w h ere t h e m i n d
s l ee p s o r in th e d re am i n g c on d it i o n w h e n th e m i n d c e as e s t o
r e c e i v e th e r e e c ti on o f t h e A t ma f u l l o f i nt e l l i ge n c e we
s ay we k n o w n ot h i n g h ere th e l it er al c o n d iti o n o f th e A tma
c onti n ue s as ac ti v e as e v er i t i s on ly t h e m i n d th at i s c u t off
f r o m t h e i n u e n c e o f r e c e i v i n g t h e re e c t ed i nt e l l i ge n c e w h i c h
i s it s h ab it u al won t T h e A t ma is a w itn e ss o f w h at t he m i n d
f ai l s to p er c e i v e an d s u c h a c on d iti on i s w h at i s me an t b y th e
t er m j u s t u s ed ] wh i l e th at oth er c on d iti on i n w h ic h t he ac t i v e
m an ife s t ib i l ity o f th e A t ma c ont i nue s i n th e ab s e n c e o f c o n
s c io u s n e s s i n t he gr o s s ph y s i c al b o d y
[ 22 tn th e c o ns ci o u s n e s s
of t h e gr o ss b o d y d i s ap p e ar s i n s p it e o f th e p re s e n c e of S e lfj
i s c all e d V y at ire k a o r d i s s i mi l it ud e
B y th e s e t wo me t ho d s
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xc

t h e A l ma i s c l e arl y d i s c e r n i b l e t o b e q u i t e a s e p a r a t e th i n g
f r o m t h e gr o s s p h v sical b o d y th e f ood f u l s h e ath
.

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th at o f d re am l e ss s l u m b er th e d u al i t y o f S e l f and t h e s ub t l e
T o b e m o re e x p l i c i t
A s t r al b o d y w i l l be c l e ar l y e s t ab l i s h ed
w e h av e s ee n t h at th e A t ma i s f u l l o f m an ife st ib il ity an d i s
e v e r s o n o w i n t h e d re am l e s s sl u mb er i n g c on d i ti on th e s ub
t l e A s t r al b o d y i s wan ti n g i n c on s c io u s n e ss s u c h wo u l d n o t
h app e n i f i t were th e At m a f o r th e c on s c i o u sn e ss o f S e l f
n e v er c e as e s s o l on g as l i f e l ast s , h e n c e t he y are t wai n
T h ere f o re th e t wo m e th o d s are s i m p ly a p r o c e s s o f an aly s i s
As i n
T h e r s t re f er s to th e A t ma t h e s e c o n d to t h e b o d y
t h e r s t c as e s o h ere too w h e n wi t h th e ab s e n c e o f c on s c i
t h e c ons c i o u s n es s [o f S e l f]
ou s n e ss i n th e s u b t l e A s t r al b o d y

i s no t i n an y way aff e c t ed i t i s h i s A nvaya ; an d w h e n with

th e i ll u m i n ati n g p o wer s o f S e l f th e s ub t l e A s t r al b o d y l os e s
Vyatire k a
al l c on s c io u s n e ss c o n c er n i n g it s e l f i t i s i t s
C

h u s th er e f o r e wh i l e t h e d i s c u s s i on o f t h e v e s h e ath s
c l e ar ly e s t ab l i s h e s th e i r d i ff ere n c e f r o m th e p r i n c i p l e S e l f th e
i n t r o du c ti on o f th e c on s i der ati o n o f th e s ub t l e A s t r al b o d y i s
d on e o n p ur p os e f o r i f t h e A t ma i s a d i s t i n c t e n ti t y f r o m t h e
s am e A s t r al b o d y th e n i t f o l l o ws th at th e P ranamay a M ano
may a an d th e Vzfn an may a s h e ath s are al s o q u i t e d i s ti n c t an d
s e p ar at e F o r t h e s e s h e ath s are n on d i ff ere n t f r o m t h e A s t r al
b o d y f r o m w h i c h th e y d i ff er on l y i n c o m p o s iti o n an d q u al i t y
in th e c on s ti t ue n t e l e m e n t s o f th e S a/w a R afa an d T a ma
q u al iti e s i nh e r e n t i n th e m f o r wh i c h th e y h av e e ac h a s e p a
r at e n am e
40

N ow

a re t o be e x p l ai n e d f o r th e p u r po s e o f as ce r t ai n
i n g th e n on i de n tity o f th e c au s e b o d y wit h th e S p i r it its
A nv ay a an d Vy atr z ek a i n th e s t at e o f th e p r o f o u n d m ed it at i on
f o r s u c h a co n s i d er atio n th e b l i s s f u l s h e at h o r th e
c au se b o d y t h o ug h i t s h ak e s o f i t s c oi l o f i g n o r an c e y e t th e
t an g i b i l it y o f th e Spi r it as a wit n e ss i s o f t h e r s t wh i l e t h e
41

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P A N C H A D AS I

o f th e i n d i c a ti o n f o r th e c on t r ad i c ti on it i mp l i e s i n as mu c h as
th e s am e I ll u s i on i s c h ar ac t er i s e d b y th e th ree d i ff ere n t p r o
p e rt ie s o f p ai n p ure g oo d n e ss an d i m p u re g oo d n e s s th e
I m p ar tit e ( re m ai n i n g n on con ict in g ) c on s c i o u s n e ss i s on e
in th e t wo c on d iti on s o f f irm an d B r ah ma th ere f o re th i s n o n
d u al it y i s i n d i c at ed b y th e p h r as e

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th i s d i ff ere n c e i n ti m e th at th e r s t ad j e c ti v e p r on o u n re f er s

t o D e vadat ta s ee n i n p as t t i m e an d th i s re f er s to th e p re s e n t
t i m e b u t i f th e c on t e n d i n g e l e me n t i n th e i n d i c ati on with

r e f ere n c e t o ti m e p as t an d p re s e nt c on v e y ed b y th at an d
th i s re s p e c t i v e ly b e l e f t o u t th ere r e m ai n s o n ly D e vadatta
an d th at i s m e an t b y th e ph r as e

S o i n T h at art T h o u T h at i n d i c at e s c o ns c i o u s n e ss
48

ass o c i at ed w i th I l l u s i on
P arab rah m a an d T ho u c on s c i o u s
n e ss as s o c i at ed wi th I g no r an c e f ind i f th e ass o c i at e s I l l u s i o n
an d I g n o r an c e b e l e f t o u t th ere re m ai n s on l v th e I m p ar ti t e
e v er l as ti n g I nt e l l i ge n c e an d B l i s s th e P arab rah m a
S o far th e n h avi n g e s t ab l i s h ed th e P arab rah ma as
49

th e i n d i c ati on o f T h at and T ho u i t re m ai n s t o b e s ee n
w h e th e r s u c h i n d i c ati on re f er s to th e as s o c i at ed o r u n ass o c i at e d
c on d iti on F o r i f s u c h i n d i c at ion re f er s to th e as s o c i at e d
c o n d it i o n th e n i t redu c e s i t to n on be i n g ( asa t ) an d th ere f o re
c an n ot m e an t he S u p re m e B r ah m a wh i c h i s b e in g ( sa t)
As
f o r th e u n ass o c i at e d c o n d itio n b e i n g i n d i c at ed i t i s an
i m po ss i b i l it y f o r n e ith e r th e e y e h as s ee n n o r th e e ar h e ard
i t b e s i de s th e att r i b u tio n of s i g n s i n t h e i n d i c atio n wi l l redu c e
i t to th e c on d it io n o f an a ss o ci at e

p a rt of it is a b a n don e d A s for e x a m p l e in t h e s e n t e n c e T h a t
w h i l s t t he m e a n i n g s e x p re ss i v e o f p a s t a n d
is t h i s D e v a d a t t a
p re s e n t t im e a re a b a n do n e d a n oth e r p orti on of t h e e x p re s s e d
"
m e a n i n g re m a in s a n d c o n v e y s t h e i d e a of t h e o n e D e v a da t t a
9 a co b s Veda i z tas a ra p 8 7

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P A N C H A D AS I

13

u ch an o b j ect i on i t m ay b e aske d w heth e r an

o r de s c ri b e d as a
as s oc i ate i s p re s e n t i n an u n as soc i ate d
b o dy F or w h at is u n
s ep ar ate e n ti t y i n an ass o c i ate d
as s oc i ate d c an n o t b e s ai d t o h ave an y as s oc i ate as s uch a
c on d i t i on wi l l r e duc e i t to t h e very r e ve r s e o f its actu al i ty
t h e n ag ai n as an as soci ate d b ody m e an s a b ody w i t h an
th eref o re w h e n i t b ec om e s a s soc i ate d i t t ake s u p
a s s oc i ate
th e assoc i ate s i m i l arl y th e b ody m ay b e as soc i ate an d its
as s oc i ate
th e b ody H e n ce i t l e ads t o a f al l acy i n t h e
p rem i se s an d y i el ds n o s ati s f ac t ory s ol uti on I t is c al le d
u n actu al defect
There fore s uc h er r on e ou s di s q u i s i ti on s are
u n te n ab l e o n b oth s i de s
N ow s uc h a f al l acy is n ot c on ne d t o th e p oi n t s at
51
i ssue in th e f o re g o i n g i n st an c e o n ly b ut m u st b e adm i tte d
i n al l b od i e s w h i c h h ave qu al i ty act i on c as te an d rel ati on
oth er w i s e s uch b o d i e s c an n ot b e as c er t a i n e d
I n oth er wo r ds
w h ethe r a q u al i ty re s i de s in a b ody w i th qu al i ti e s or w i th out
th e m I n th e l atte r c ase n o qu al i ty can b e p re s e n t an d in t h e
f or m e r th e s am e u nactu al defect is n oti ce ab l e H e n ce i t is
o n l y n ece ss ary t o n d ou t th e s i m pl e p re se n ce o f a qu al i ty in
i t afte r th e ab o ve f as h i on as to
a b ody an d n ot t o an aly s e
w h ether i t is wi th or wi th out qu al i ty w i th or wi th ou t an
as s o c i ate
T heref ore to attr i b ute t o th e S upre m e Sel f any as soc i
52
ate attr i b ute i n di c at i on o r rel ati on sh i p is s i m ply th e p r o duc t o f
I g n or an ce for Sel f is s i m ply eter n al i n tel l i g e n ce an d b l i s s an d
w i t h out an y t h i n g e l s e
5 3 T h u s t o as cert ai n t h e d r i ft of th e re al s i g n i c at i on of
th e tran sce n de n t al p h r as e after th e m et h od of th e Vedan l a is

d e s i g n ate d
he ari ng ab ou t th e P A R A B RA H M A A fter h av i n g
as cert ai n e d i t c o n t i n u al ly t o c on s i der
an d re flect on i t w i th
th e h el p of th e s upp orti ng ar g u me n t s is c al l e d c on s i der at i on
50

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( mamm a )
54

th e t wo meth ods o f h e ar i ng an d c ons i der ati on

mi nd f re e fr om al l doub t s an d u nce rt ai n ti es c omes

By

whe n the

P A N C H A D AS L

14

th e S upre me S el f i t is c al l e d
s a n a ) p r of ou n d c o n te m p l at i on

W h e n s uc h p r of ou nd c on te m p l ati on h as b ee n
55
r i pe n e d i t is c al l e d m e di t ati o n
I n s uc h a st ate
w h e n th ere is n o rec og n i t i o n of s ubj ec t and o bj ec t ( e
th e
g
p e r s on c on te m pl ati n g is th e s ubj e c t an d th e P A RA B RAH M A
th e obj e ct of c o n te m pl at i on ) b u t the m i n d m er g e s i n t o th e
o bj ec t of c on te m pl at i on the S up re me S el f
an d the fu n cti on
o f the i n ter n al o r g an is u n m o ve d l i ke th e u n ick e rin g l i g h t

f
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l a p i t s c al l e d ( N z rv z ka lpa S amadlz z ) c on te m p l at i on
wi th out rec og n i t i on of s ub j ect an d ob j e ct
I n s u c h a c on d i t i on t h ou g h th e i n d i vi du al h as n o
56
actu al k n ow l e dg e ye t o n r i s i n g
fr o m h is m e d i t ati on h e re
me mb er s th at h e was dwel l i n g on th e B r ah m a H e n ce i t is
qu i te n atu r al t o su p p os e th at th e n th e m i n d assu m e d th e
s h ap e of th e S up re m e S el f an d u n k n ow i n g l y r e s te d on H im
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57
g
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fo rce is s u s pe n de d h en ce i t is q u i te i m p os s i b l e for th e m i n d
to ass u m e th e s h ap e of th e B r ah ma an d b ec om e on e w i th i t
F or t o awake n th e fu n cti on of an or g an e xe rc i s e of i n divi
d u al eff ort is n ee de d wi th out wh i c h e ff ort n o fu n c ti on is
ro u se d
T o su ch a que ry th e an s we r is th at at th e b e g i nn i n g
of p r o f ou n d c on te m p l at i on t h e re was p re s e n t i n te n s e e ff ort
wh i c h b y c on t i n u al exe rc i s e f or m e d int o a dee p c on v i ct i on
an d th i s re s ul te d in a c on ti n u ou s ow o f th e fu n ct i on m oul de d
i nt o th e s h ap e of th e B r ah m a
B h ag avan S ree K r i s h n a c om p are s th e xe d c on di t i on
58
o f th e m i n d in m e di t at i on t o t he l i g h t i ss ui n g fr o m an u n
ick e ring l am p in h is d i s c our se wi t h A rj u n a ( Vzde B lz ag a
to

be

pp or/

en r a
-

w i th

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bu ! G il a C h apter 6 , Verse
S uch m e di t ati on e nab l es
59
,

i n di v i du al t o e s c ap e th e
k ar ma ra l aw w h i c h h url s a m an t o r epe ate d b i rt h an d de at h
in t h i s tr an s i t o ry s ph ere to re ap the fru i t s of h is dee ds g ood
an d b ad c om m i tte d in a pre v i ou s s t ate of s ubj ec t i ve ex i ste n ce ;
i t de str oys b oth g ood and b ad ac t i on s and l e ads to t h e g r owt h
.

an

P A NC H A D A S L

15

of

th at p ure rel i g i on wh i c h h e lp s th e i ndi vi dual t o th e k now

l e dg e of ( B r ah ma) S up re me Sel f
60
S i n ce i t r ai n s an u n ce as i ng t orre n t of n ec t ar suc h
m e d i t ati on has b ee n te r m e d by m e n l e ar n e d in Y og a th e
R el i g i o n c l ou d
61
A fter th e de s tr ucti on of g ood an d e vi l w i s he s in an
i n n i te v ari ety of way s an d th e c u m ul ate d p roduct s o f g ood
an d b ad act i o n s of p re v i ou s e x i s te n ce h av e b ee n upr oote d
en me me t h r ou h
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m e di t at i on t h e tr an s ce n de n t al p h r as e b ec ome s c l e ar and fr e e
fr om o b s t ac l e s at r st t o h el p t he c og n i ti on of t h e B r ah ma
w h i c h was h i t h ert o p re s e n t d i mly an d s ub s e q ue n tly as p l a i n l y
as a t h i n g is d i s c o vere d in on e s own h an d
62
T h e i m perfect an d o b s c ure di sc ov ery o f S el f wh i c h
f ol l ows aft er h e ar i n g th e di sc our s e of an adep t te ac h e r v e r se d
in B r ah m a i c l ore on s uc h p h r as e s as T h at art T h ou e tc
h el p s the d e s truct i on of al l s i n s c omm i tte d k no wi n g ly l i ke a
b l az i ng re I n other wor ds wh e n one h as c om e to k now th e
B r ah ma h is wi s he s an d act i on s ce as e
63 Th e precept s of an adep t te ach e r on th e af ore s ai d
ph r ase so h el p s th e k n ow l e dg e of Se l f as t o r e n der H im
v i s i b l e th e n as th e su n di s pe rs e s dark n e ss so s uc h k nowl e dg e
de str oy s I g n or an ce wh i c h is th e c au s e of th i s mater i al wor l d
[ an d c ut s o f th e C h ai n of c on sec uti ve re b i rth s ]
64
I f on e att ac h e d to th e worl d w i l l f ol l ow s tep by s te p
th e me an s of k nowl e dg e here i n i ndi c ate d an d by c l os e re ason
ing and analy s i s x th e m in h is mi n d he s h al l the n b e ab l e
t o c ut of the c h ai n of c on sec uti ve t e b i rth s soon to att ai n
t o the st ate of i ne ab l e b l i s s
.

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S E C T IO N i i

FR OM th e S r u fz we g at h er th at b e f ore th e e v ol uti on o f the}

e x i s te n ce ( S ara t h e
obj ect i ve wo rl d th e re was p re s e n t on l y
S e con d l e s s R e al i ty B r ah m a fr o m wh i c h a l l t h i n g s h ave b ee n
d e ri ve d h e n c e an an aly s i s of t h e s e ve r al e l e m e n t s i s n ece ss ary
F or s u c h a p u rp os e
th e se are
for the c og n i t i on of B r ah m a
n ow b ei n g c o n s i dere d
T h ere are ve el e m e n t s z eth e r ai r h e at wate r an d
2
e art h di s ti n g u i s h e d b y th ei r s pec i c p r o pe rti e s of s ou n d;
t ouc h f o r m t as te an d s mel l E t h e r an d th e re s t are m arke d
by t h e p r o perti e s on e t wo t h ree f ou r an d ve in a con se cu
ti v e s er i al o r der et h e r h as o n l y o n e t h e n e x t o n e pl u s on e
f ou r
t h at is t wo an d s o o n t i l l we n d th e l as t h avi n g
p r o perti e s der i ve d fr om th e b ase s t og eth er wi th it s S p ec i c
p r op erty
3 T o b e more ex pl i c i t e th er h as On l y on e p r o p erty
t ou c h an d
s o u n d an d
tod ch ; h e at s ou n d
sou n d ; air
f or m ; wate r , s ou n d t ouch f o r m an d t aste ; e art h sou n d
t ouch f o r m t as te an d s m el l
H e n ce eth e r h as o n ly th e p ro
p e t ty o f c o m mu n i c at i n g s ou n d as e vi de n ce d in ec h o i n g air
b e s i de s e m i tti n g a pecul i ar s ou n d in it s p as sag e al so com
m u n icat e s a s e n s at i on o f h e at an d c ol d w h i c h is t ou ch
In
t h e s ame way h e at m an i fe s ts i t s el f by it s c r ack l i n g n o i s e
s e n s ati o n o f w ar m th an d v i s i b i l i ty
; w ate r by it s p ecul i ar r i p
pl i n g or ru s h i n g sou n d c ol d feel wh i te f or m an d m i l d t aste ;
an d th e e arth b y it s s ou n d h ar d fee l
d i ver s sh ap e v ar i ety o f
t aste an d g o od o r b ad s m el l
T h i s is e v i de n t e n ou g h
4
[ F or th e r ec og n i t i on o f the s ai d v e p r o pert i e s we
h ave ve e s pec i al o r g an s of s e n s e t o wit t h e e ar s s k i n eye s
t on g ue an d s m el l ] T h e s e org an s fr om th e i r se p ar ate s e at s
b ec om e s g r adu al ly acc u s t o m e d t o c arry on th e i r in d i vi du al
fu n ct i on s and as they are v e ry s ub tl e h e n c e c an n ot b e s ee n
'

'

th e i r

p r e s e n ce is m an i fe st e d by t h e i r
by w h i c h
an d t h ey g e n e ral ly t ak e h o l d o f
al o n e t h ey are c o n ce i v ab l e
o r c o ver ex ter n al o b j e c t s
n e ra l
n de n cy o f t h e s e ver al
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t o c o ve r e xt e r n a l o b j ec t s t h ey d o at t i m e s
O r g an s of s e n s e
t ak e an i n wa r d c o ur s e F or i n s t an ce i f t h e exter n al m e atu s
b e s t o p pe d w i t h a p i ece of c ott o n woo l t h e p ass ag e of so u n d
w i l l n d n o ob s tr uct i on b ut w i l l b e d i s t i n c tly au d i b l e t h r ou g h
t h e m e di u m of th e air s i tu ate d w i t h i n I n t h e ac t of d r i n k i n g
an d e at i n g t h e s t o m ac h f e el s a s e n s ati on of c o l d an d w arm t h
in t h e sam e way as th e s k i n doe s ; c l os i n g t h e ey e s b r i n g s on
dark n e s s an d e ru c t ati on s c on vey t aste an d s m el l
S peec h p re h e n s i on p r og re ss i on exc reti on an d e m i s
6
s i o n are t h e fu n c t i o n s o f t h e ve o r g a n s of act i on
( H ere
t h a t t h er e are as m an y ac t i o n s as th ere are
ag a i n we n d
an ab s e n ce of t h e s i x t h fu n ct i on is du e t o th e wan t
o r g an s
of an o r g an t o p erf o r m i t )
A g r i cul tu re an d tr ade & c are
c arr i e d on by m e an s o f t h e very sam e acti ve o r g an s h e n c e
t h ey c om e Wi th i n th e af ore sa i d c ate g ory of s p e ec h
n atur al ly
an d th e r e s t
M o ut h h an ds feet an u s an d t h e g e n i t al s are the ve
7
o r g an s of act i on
8
T h e ve exter n al o r g an s of s e n sat i on an d ve o r g an s
of act i o n are c o n tr o l le d by t h e m i n d wh i c h h as it s s e at in t h e
l o tu s o f t h e h e art I t I S l i k e w i s e c al l e d t h e i n t e r n al o r g an
( A n t hak aran a) for it s i n war d acti o n i s i n depe n de n t of t h e m
N o t s o w i th t h e ex ter n al for wh i c h i t h as to dep e n d e n t i rely
u p o n th e s e n s e s
,

v e r m is t ook t h e e xt e r n a l o r g a n s ey e s
8: c for t h e o r g a n s t h e m s e l v e s t h e y a re t h e e x t e r n a l a pp e n da g e s
m e re l y
T h e s e a t s o f t h e s e n s o ry o g a n s o r c e n t re s a re t h e
s ev e r a l
g a n g l i a w it h w h i c h e ac h e s p e c i l n e rv e i s c o n n e c t e d a n d
w h i c h c a rr y t h e i m p re s s i o n s t o t h e s e n s o ri u m t h e s e a re l oo ke d
i n t e r n a l org an
u p on a s t h e
*3

T he

A ry an

R is h i s

ne

P ANC H AD AS L

asc ert ai n s t h e q u al i ty or defec t o f an ob j e ct

T
h
e
9
th e s e n s e s
after it h as b ee n c o ve re d ( t ak e n p o s se s s i on o f) b y
I t h as th ree q u al i t i e s t h e g ood or p l e asan t t h e ac ti ve or m e d
T h ey i n duc e c h ang e s o n
dl e s ome an d th e dark or pl ai n ful
it
T h e c h ang e s i n duce d by th e g ood q u al i ty are in di ff e r
I O
pu r s u i t s f or g i ve n e ss an d l ar g e m i n de dn e s s
e n ce t o e art h ly
P ass i o n an g e r te m p t at i on an d s tru g g l e for w orl dl y b e n et s
&c
are
t h e p r oduc t s of t h e ac ti ve q u al i ty I dl e n e ss err o r
s l e ep ( l as s i tu de ) & c
are du e t o d ar k n e s s
i t
Fr o m t h e g ood q u al i ty of t h e m i nd ar i se s v i rtu e
fr om th e ac t i ve are p r o duce d th e p ass i on s an g er &c w h i c h
i n t h e i r tur n l e ad t o s in an d ot h e r b ad ac t i on s ; fr om t h e
t h i r d or b ad are der i ve d s l o th l as s i tu de an d s l ee p h e n c e an
i n d i vi du al u n de r it s i n ue n c e s pe n ds h is t i m e in doi n g n o t h i n g
an d keep s h i m s el f al o o f fr o m v i rt ue an d v i c e
W h at att ac h e s
p er sonal i ty t o th e i n d i v i du al fu n c ti o n s of th e s ever al o r g an s
i n c o n n ect i on w i t h th e m i n d is t h e ag e n t o r i n s tru m e n t
As
i n c om m on p arl an c e o n e wh o d oe s a th i n g is k n o wn as t h e
doe r or s ub j ect ( P) ag e n t or i n s tru m e n t s o th e i n te r n al o r g an
or m i n d i s t h e ag e n t fo r i t is r e s or t of i n d i v i du al i ty
[ 2
T h e o bj ect i ve wo rl d c an e as i l y b e dete rm i n e d to h ave
de ri v e d it s o r i g i n fr o m t h e el e m e n t s for t h e i r S pec i c p r ope r
t i e s s o u n d an d t h e re s t are t h e attr i b ute s of et h er an d th e o t h e r
e le m e n t s t h u s in con t e s t ib l y e s t ab l i s h i ng th e i r el e me n t ar y
c om p os i t i o n h e n ce furt h e r c on s i de r ati on is n ot n ee de d N ot
so w i t h
t h e o r g an s H e re an an aly s i s b as e d on re as on an d
t h e te ach i n g s of t h e S h as tr as are re q u i re d to sh ow th at th ey
are deri ve d fr o m t h e s am e e l e m e n t s
13
N o w t h e re are ve o r g an s of s e n se v e or g an s of
ac ti o n
b o t h c o n tr o ll e d b y t h e m i n d ( wh i c h al s o m u s t b e
rec k on e d as an o r g an as i t h e l p s c og n i t i on ) W h atev e r is
k n ow n by t h e aid o f t h e s e o r g an s re as on an d S h as t r as I S
i n di c ate d by t h e w or d E dam ( al l t h i s ) in t h e p h r as e S a l ev t

t on y a a l u m
an d i t m e an s t h e u n i v e r s e
,

P A N C H AD A S I

20

i n di c ati on an d n ot ma ny c o n s e q ue n tly t h e r e doe s n ot

b ody o f I ts k i n d V i rtu al l y t h e n w i t h out t h e
a n ot h e r
d i ffe i e n ce o f I ts as s oc i ate s in n am e an d f o r m i t h as n o d is
t i n g u is h i n g tr a i t in It s el f t h e ref o re t o de s cr i b e th e d i ffere n c e
o f as s o c i ate s a n d t o a dm i t
th e m as bel on g i n g t o It is on l y
c o n duc i ve o f e r r or
F or It i s e x is
20
N or can c on tr as t b e i n s ti tute d h er e
te n c e h e n c e c on tr as t o r d i ss i m i l ar i ty w i l l x o n n on e x i ste n c e
u t w h at i s n on
t
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(
)
ex i ste n t h as n o s h ape he n ce th e P arab rah m a c an n ot b e cl e are d
by c o n tr as t
21
T h u s is e st ab l i s h e d th e on e n e s s o f P arab rah ma w h i c h
is eter n al
I n tel l i g e n ce an d b l i s s w i t h ou t a s ec on d ; b ut t o
e s t ab l i s h i t m o re r m l y a c on s i der a ti on of th e ar g u m e n t s ad
d u c e d b y t h e o p p on e n t s of th i s doc tr i n e is n ow b ei n g g i ve n
S om e am ong s t t h e m er r on e ou s ly as sert th at b ef o re th e e vol u
t i on of t h i s u n i ve r s e t h ere e x i ste d ( Asat ) n o n b e i n g an d
th eref ore i m pl y th e n on e x i ste n c e of th e se c on dl e s s R e al i t y
wh i c h is ( S at ) b ei n g a n d e s s e n t i al ly ex i s te n t
A s a d r o w n e d m an i s b ereft o f h i s s e n s e s an d l os e s
22
th e c ap ac i ty of exp re s s i n g h i m sel f b ut is s ubj ec t t o ex tre me
fe a r an d h e n c e is p ow erl e s s s o th e s e di s s e n te r s l os e t h e i r
s e n s e s an d b ec om e b e w i l dere d w h e n h e ar i n g th e p recept s an d
doc tr i n e s o f n on du al i ty a n d are o ve rt ak e n b y fe ar
23
I n t h e s t at e o f m e di t ati on w i t h out rec og n i t i on
of
a c ert ai n d re ad i s fel t b y
s ubj ect an d o bj ec t ( w or s h i p pe d)
t h os e per son s wh o are g i ve n t o t h e wor s h i p of a per s on al G od
is as s e r te d by t h e rel i g i ou s te ac h e r s o f G o ur [ B e n g al ]
s uch
w h o h a ve l ai d i t do w n i n th ei r w o rk s
A n o t h e r n am e for t h e ab ove v ar i ety of m e di t ati on
24

B ec au s e th e f ol l ower s of per s on al
u n t ouch ab l e Y o g a
is
in s p i te of t h e
wo r s h i p c a n n e ve r ac q u i re i t
h ar ds h i p s
e nj o i n e d fo r it s p r ac ti c e h e n c e i t is u n t ouc h ab l e an d th ou g h
t h ere i s n o c au s e for fe ar y e t l ik e l i ttl e c h i l dr e n e v i n c i n g dre ad
whe n l e ft al o n e w i t h o ut an y s ub s t an t i al g r ou n d for i t th e se

ly
exi s t
on

on e

N C H A D AS L

21

u n re ason ab ly aff e cte d by i m ag i nary dre ad wh e n

w h atever i n i t fr o m th e u n t ouch ab l e
actu al ly th ere is n on e
dev otee s

are

Y og

ve n er ab l e S an k arac h ary a l oo k s u p on s uc h
f ol l ower s of per son al wo r s h i p ( M adli y a m ic B u ddh i s t s ) a S e t
o f c on tr o v er s i al i s t s wh o d i s c ar d re aso n an d an ol og y fr o m
t h e i r ar g u m e n t s as t ot al ly i g n or an t of m e d i t at i on wi t h out
s ubj ec t an d o bj ect
for t h e c o g n i ti on of t h e u n th i n k ab l e
e sse n ti al l y ex i s te n t Sup re m e S e l f [ They are u n ac qu ai n te d
w i th s uc h a m e di t at i on i n w h i c h th e per s on m e di t ati n g l os e s h is
p er s on al i ty an d is u n c on s c i ou s of th e obj ect of h is m e di t ati on
th e t wo are b l e n de d i n t o on e a n on du al c on d i ti on ]
26
Th ey [ s uch B u ddh i s t s ] d i s c ar d t h e S r u / i e i t h er fr om
I g n or an c e or fr om w an t of c o m pr e h e n s i o n an d dr aw i n g th e i r
i n fere n c e s fr om p oss i bl e c au s e an d e ffec t th ey p r om ul g ate
ath e i s m an d de n y th e e xi s te n c e o f Se l f
27
( N ow th e ath e i sti c doctr i n e of n on b ei n g is b e i n g
c ri ti c al ly e x am i n e d in th e way of quer i e s an d an d an s we r s )
Oh
y e B u ddh i sts y o u assert t h e re was n on b e i n g b ef ore
th e o bj ecti ve w o rl d was u s h ere d i n t o ex i s te n ce W h at do y e
m e an by i t ? H ow c an t h e me an i n g of t h e t wo wor ds was

an d n o n e b ei n
Was i n di c ate s ex i ste n c e an d
g b e rec on c i l e d

n on be i n
g n on ex i s te n c e t h ere fore t wo O pp os i te c on di ti on s
H e n ce s uch an ex p re ss i o n is fu l l of c on tr adi c t i on
28
Y ou c an n ot as cr i b e dar k n e s s t o t h e s u n or s ay h e
is dark ; to s ay s o w i l l b e i l l og i c al an d u n te n ab l e b ec au s e
th e s u n is th e ve ry O p p o s i te of dark n e s s l i g h t th i s you
k now s urely an d as l i g h t an d dark n e ss c an n ot b y any m e an s
h e l ooke d up on as o n e o r s am e s ub s t an ce h ow c an y o u p os
s ib l y l ook up on as on e an d t h e s am e s ub s t an c e w h at is i m p l i e d

by th e c ontr adi ct ory ep i th et s was an d n on b e i n g in your

exp re ss i on th ere was n on b e i ng i n th e be g i n n i ng ?

2
The Vedanl a te ac h e s t h e doct ri ne t h at the el e me n t s
9
eth er an d th e re st p ote n ti al ly ex i s te d in th e P arab rah ma and
the i r se par ate de s i g n ati on an d f or m are s i mpl y th e re sul t of
25

Th e

P ANC H AD A S L

22

I l l u s i on i f y ou att ac h a s i m i l ar s i g n i c ati on to y ou r n on
b e i n g an d f an cy its e x i s ti n g p ote n ti al ly in t h e e s se n t i al ly ex is

te n t Sel f t h r ou g h t h e s ame M ay a t h e n y o u r n on b e i ng is
t r an s f or m e d i n t o S el f an d m ay y ou l i ve l on g for i t

I f y o u s ay t h at l i k e y ou r n on b e i ng ou r attri b uti on
30
o f n am e an d f or m t o t h e e ss e n t i al ly e x i s te n t P arab rah m a i s
i mag i n ary for in It we do n ot adm i t n am e an d f or m an d i f
is du e t o I l l u s i on th e n t h at Il l u s i on m u st re s t
s uch attri b uti on
o n s o m et h i n g ( re al ) for an I l l u s i on m e an s a m i s t ak e fo r s om e
t h i ng r e al [ as in th e f am i l i ar e x am p l e of a s n ake in a r ope ]
an d w i t h o ut s om e re al i ty re s ti n g in t h e b ack g r ou n d n o e rr o r
H e n ce h ow c an i t b e p oss i b l e for y ou r n on b ei n g
c an ari se
t o c o n vey a s i m i l ar attr i but i o n t o th at o f n am e an d f o r m
I f y ou c on te n d t h at o u r V e dan t i c e x p re s s i on in th e
31

b e g i n n i ng t h e re w as e x i s te n ce is al i ke f aul ty i nas m uc h as

e x i s te n c e is t w i ce i m pl i e d b y th e t wo wo r ds
was an d e x is
te n ce w h e n they are c on s i de re d sep ar ate an d t aut ol og i c al

is
w he n o th e r wi s e an d t h eref or e th ou g h T h ere was n o t h i n g
a l i k e f aul ty
i t is p as sabl e N o y e B u ddh i st s do n ot s ay s o
for rep eti ti on of a wor d is s an c ti on e d by u s ag e
2
i
n g r i g h t te l l i n g a wo r d h o l d i n g t h e as cert ai n e d
A
s
d
o
3
&c
T he s e wor ds h ave f am i l i ar i s e d repet i t i on t o al l p upi l s
T h e S r u l z h as l i k e w i s e adop te d t h e s ame p r act i ce in it s m ode

o f i n s truct i on w h e n i t s ay s
B ef ore t h e ev ol uti on of th e u n i ver s e
the re was ex i ste n ce
a
s s ag e is u s e d t o i n s truct
T
h
e
p
t
te
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th
e
b
ve
p
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o
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s
n
i
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s
33
a pu p i l accu s t om e d t o c o n n ec t a th i n g w i th n o ti on s o f t i m e
T h at is t o s ay in c on s i der i ng th e s e con dl e s s R e al i ty th o u g h
t i m e as a s ep ar ate e n ti ty is ab s e n t yet as th e pup i l s are h ab i
t u at e d t o ti m e
th e p as t te n s e is p u rp os el y i n t r oduce d t o h el p
th e i r c om prehe n s i on H e n ce th e ex p re ss i on c an n ot l e ad to
t h e i n fere n ce of a sec on d th i n g in any way m i l i t at i ng ag ai n s t
t he se con dl e ss R e al ity th e P arab rah ma
w
orl d b e f ore
c
p
r
ct
i
c
e
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th
th
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y

'

P AN C H A D AS L

23

rel ate s t o n on du al S p i ri tu al i ty Th at is t o
rel at i ng
s ay w h e n t h ere are m an y o b j ec t s an d th e k n o w l e dg e
t o t h e m m an y t h e n o n l y q u e s t i on s w i l l ar i s e for s ol ut i o n in a
var i ety o f way s b ut w h e n th e o b j ec t o f k n ow l e dg e is re duce d
t o n u m b er o n e as h ap p e n s i n t h e c o n ce pt i on of n on du al i ty
n o s uc h q ue s ti on or i n fere n ce wi l l c au s e an i n ter rupt i on o f th e
for t h e n t h at k n ow l e dg e h as as s u m e d t h e i m p art i te
s ub j ect
wo r ds b ec o me s o m od i e d an d b l e n de d
s h ap e o r i n o t h er
I n s uch a con
wi t h t h e O b j ect t h at i t is o n e i m p ar ti te wh o l e
ar g u m e n t an d
an d
an sw er s
d i ti o n ( n on du al ) que s t i on s
q ue s ti on for t h e k n owl e dg e w h i c h
an aly s i s are ou t o f th e
e n ab l e s t h e i n di v i du al to c o ve r an obj ec t for th e p urp os e of
fr am i n g a q ue s t i on or d ec i d i n g an an s w e r for i t h as b ec om e
r e duce d t o on e an d c an n o t m as te r an y th i n g el s e b e s i de s i t
h as b e c o m e al re ady o n e w i t h th e i m p ar t i te P arab rah m a
o m t h e s p i r i tu a l M o n ad
or
exc
l
u
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ty
fr
o
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35
E s s e n ce th e S mr z l z text i s c i te d as au th o r i ty w h e re i n is m e n
B ef o re t h e wo rl d h ad c om e i n t o ex i s te n c e the re was
t ion e d
o n e q u i te b ec au s e i n er t v as t s o as n o t t o b e g r as pe d b y
wor d o r by t he m i n d u n s pe ak ab l e an d u n th i n k ab l e n am el e s s
for i t is i m p os s i b l e t o p ort r ay an ac cu r ate d e s cr i p t i on
i n d e s c r i b ab l e b ec au s e t h e eye s an d t h e O t h e r o r g an s c ann o t
t ak e h ol d of I t som et h i ng t h e an t i ty p e of n oth i n g
e s se n t i al ly ex i s te n t It is n ot re for i t doe s n ot d i s c o v e r
m ater i al obj ect s n or are t h ey d i s c o v e re d by i t
N e i th e r is i t
d ark n e s s as i t e n s h r o u ds n o t h i n g
for i t is n atur al l y u n

c overe d al L p er v ad i ng an d equ al ly p re s e n t e very w h e r e

[ N o w t h e c on t r o ver s y b et wee n a B u ddh i s t an d N o n du al i s t in
refe re n c e t o t h e i n fe re n ce s of t h e i r s ac re d wr i t i n g s is b e i n g

g i ve n ;
y ou re fe r t o a B u ddh i s t an d we n on du al i s t ]
I f y ou ask s i n c e th e e arth an d its c on te n t s h ave al l
36
c om e i n t o e x i st en c e i t is very n atur al t o c on cl u de th ere w as
a t i m e w h e n they
did n ot ex i s t y e s n ot e ve n t h e at om s
for all c re ate d obj ec t s are equ al ly s ub j ec t t o de structi on
B u t h ow do we c om p re he n d eth er al s o was t h e n wan t

not

wi th wh at

so

'

'

'

P AN C H AD A S

24

ing

v i d f al l i n g

to

a o

ex i ste n ce s

d i l e m ma

i nt o t h e

o f adm

i tti ng

t wai n

Oh

B u dd h i s t s !

I f y ou r c on ce p t i on of n o th i n g
in t h at p er i od of t h e h i s t o ry of th e u n i ver s e w h e n i t ex i ste d
th e n w h y
n o t i m p l i e s n e i th er c o n tr ad i cti on n or an y d i f cul ty
d o y ou m i sapp reh e n d u s w he n we say th at in t h at ve ry s am e
p r i o r c on di ti o n t h e re w as o n ly p re s e n t t h e O N E E X I S
T E N C E T h e i n fere n c e is v ery n atur al for t h at p r i o r con
d i t i on is equ al ly p re s e n t in b ot h t h e p re m i s e s , in y our

n oth i n
ex i s te n ce
T h ey s i m p ly i n di c ate th e
an d o u r
g
ex tre m e n e g at i ve an d p os i t i ve p ol e s I n t h e s am e way as
y ou r n e g at i ve was p r ese n t ou r p os i ti ve p re e x iste d e v ery
c on di ti on
I f y ou s ay e th e r is v i s i b l e as a s ep ar ate e n ti ty o ut s i de
38
th e g l ob e in t h e s h ap e of its at m os p h er e s o t h at as re g ar ds
v i s i b i l i ty i t is n ot an i n c on cl u s i ve ar g u m e n t we m ay th e n
e n qui re of y ou w he n an d h ow do y ou se e i t w i th out l i g h t or
dar k n e ss ? I n t h e ab s e n c e o f t h at l i g h t o r dar k n e s s et h er i s
n e ver v i s i b l e
an d b oth
the
o f t h e m c an n ot ex i s t ou t of
u n i ver s e
c on seq ue n tly y ou n eve r s e e th e eth e r wi t h out i t t h i s
acc o r d i n
o
u
a
r
e
o
d
t
o
a
d
m
f
rc
e
i
t
e
i
e
B
s
d
s
y
g t o y ou r v i e w
ether is n ot a r e al ly v i s i b l e b ody
I f you s ay t h at ac c or di n g t o th e Veda nta th e e sse n
39
t i al l y ex i s te n t P arab rah ma i s al s o i n v i s i b l e s o h ere a a i n th e
g
s am e d i f cul ty c r op s u p w h i c h is p o i n te d ou t in th e p rece d i n
g
p ar ag r ap h w i t h re g ar d t o t h e v i s i b i l i ty of et h e r an d t h e con
d i t ion s are t heref ore equ al , t o s uc h a q uery we reply th at in
th e st ate o f u n c on s c i o u s m e di t ati o n w i t h o ut r ec og n i ti on o f
s u b j e c t an d obj ect we do c o n ce i ve th e B r ah ma as a p o s i t i ve
(
)
e x i ste n c e an d h ave n o k no wle dg e of n o n ex i ste n ce wh ic h by
ar g u me n t an d an aly s i s we d o a way w it h
If y ou say d ur i n g s uc h me di t at i on ex i s te n ce is n ot
40
c once i v ab l e for t he sep ar ate fu n ct i on of t h e i n ter n al or g an is
at abey an ce
an d i t c ann ot c ov e r t h e B r ah ma
O u r r e ply is
for d i s c ov e r i ng t he B r ah ma t h e p re s e n ce of B e ad/22 is n ot
37

ye

P A NC H A D A S L

a;

e d For I t is sel f i l l u m i nate d an d r e qu i re s no oth er

Th ou g h n ot a subj ec t
e x tr an e ou s aid for be i ng d i s c o vere d
o f B ood z ( sp i r itu al i n tel l i g e n ce ) yet i t is duly re fl e c te d in t h e
c on s c i ou sn e ss as a w i t n e ss a p re se n ce n ot t o b e pu t by a
n oth i n g
re al ex i ste n ce an d n ot an u n re al
ne e d

Theref ore after th e m i n d h as be e n free d fr om its

m i st ak e
s ubj ecti v e modi c ati on s of deter m i nati on an d [ err or
o r] i n dec i s i on an d h as att ai n e d tr an qui l i ty as its assoc i ate d
c on s c i ou sn e ss is m an i fe s te d in the f or m of a s i mp l e pre s e n c e
o r wit ne ss
doi n g n oth i n g b ut in a c on d i ti on of p ass i vi ty so
th at p ri or c ondi ti on whe n i t ex i s te d befor e th e ob j ect i v e worl d
h ad s p ru n g i n t o ex i ste n ce th r ou g h M atter ( M ay a) is e as i l y
c on ce i v ab l e and i mp l i e s n ei the r any d i f c ul ty nor c ontr a
d i ct i on
,

The i n here n t f orce re s i di ng in the P arab rah ma wh i ch

i s e sse n t i al ly ex i s te n t an d wh i c h c an n ot b e d i ff ere n t i ate d is
c al l e d M ay a A s th e c onsu m i ng fl ame of re i mp art s an i de a
o f its f orce so t h e p o te n ti al i ty o f the u n i v er sal f orce re s i de n t
i n the Supre m e Sel f is p l ai n l y s ee n in th e ( cre at i v e work s)
o bj ecti ve m ater i al worl d
4s

( N ow t h i s M ay a c annot b e
b r ah m a or as s ometh i n g di sti n ct )

i d to b e one wi th P ar a
A s t h e c on su m i n g f orc e of
re c ann ot b e sai d t o b e re so th e i n here n t f orce of th e
S upre me B r ah ma ( M ay a) is n ot the s ame w i th I t t o say so is

u n re asonab l e for you c an n ot s ay I am my own f orce h e n ce

t h e i n here n t u n i ver sal f orce is n ot th e s ub st an c e i t sel f The n
ag ai n i f you adm i t i t as a s ep ar ate e n ti ty C an y ou de s cr i b e its
s ep ar ate e x i ste n c e
[ It w i l l thu s b e ev i de n t th at M ay a an d
F orce w i th w h i c h a M adh y am i k a B u ddh i st seek s t o i de n ti fy
m atter an d P arab rah ma are t wo i n sep ar ab l y b l e n de d ; we
a l l k n ow f orce c an n ot ex i s t w i th out m atter as a s ep ar at e
e n ti ty
yet t o s ay th at i t is t h e sam e as m atter is ab sur d
h e n c e th e c onte n t i on in th e p ar ag r aph j u st ask s an O pp on e n t
of the Ve dant i c S c h ool to de sc r i be f or c e as a sep ar at e e ntity
43

sa

26

P ANC H AD A S L

i t may b e u r g e d th at P arab rah ma is f orce and therefor e

t o i n tr oduce th e sam e f o rc e e i ther i n a s ep ar ate or an al og ou s
f or m is n o l e ss ab sur d F or w h at is f orce i s al way s so h e n c e
f or c e p l u s f or c e is equ al ly f orce ; u nder suc h c i rcu ms t an ce s
B u t no
t he mi n d f ai l s t o c omp r eh e nd t h e dr i ft of th e tex t
i f we i ntr oduce matte r i n its
s uc h amb i g u i ty wi l l re mai n
a c o n di t i on i n wh i c h th e di ffere n ce
u n di ffere n t i ate d c on d i ti on
b et wee n m atter an d its i n h ere n t f orce is n il th e b ou n dary l i n e
as s u m e s t h e
s o t o S pe ak i n w h i c h m atter l os i n g it s g r o ss n e s s
s ub tl ety o f s u p e re th e rial n is w h e n n o m atter is d i s ti n g u i s h
ab l e as s uch b ut al l is S p i r i t o r f orce ; an d s uch an i n fere n ce is
deri v e d fr o m n ature for th e b ou n dary l i n e b et wee n t h e m i n er al
an d v e g et ab l e an d b et wee n th e l atter an d the an i m al c re ati on
is so g r adu al ly b evel le d at the e dg e s t h at e ac h p as se se s i n t o
th e other by way of, tran s ition F or a l ong t i m e S c i e n ce w as
u nde ci de d w heth er a cert ai n ve g et ab l e was th e l as t l i n k in t h e
s c al e of the an i mal ser i e s or a ve g et abl e s o m uc h do th ey
re se mb l e e ac h oth e r I f s uc h a v i e w b e accepte d and i t is
th e one adv oc ate d by Kap i l a in h is M ul a P rakri t i the n t h e
d i ff ere n ce b et wee n P r akr i t i an d P u ru sh o n wh i c h m an y h ave
s tu mb le d fr om i g n or an ce n o l on g er s ub s i st s for al l pr act i c al
f
urp
e
b
u
t
r sy l l og i s ti c e n ds we m ay g o on dab bl i n g
ad
s
o
s
o
p
Th e V e dan ti s t h ere p re se n t s t o h is ant ag on i s t
( a B u ddh i st ) the s h arp p o i nt of a s wor d w h i c h cut s b oth way s
i nasmu c h as i t t ak e s th e g r ou n d fr om u nde r h is feet an d
N ow
m ak e s the p os i t i on of th e ass ai l an t r e a l ly i n v i n c i bl e
M ay a is de s cr i be d as a f o rce an d i t i s e l s e where de s cr i b e d
as th e c h i ef f ac t or of th e u n i ver s e c on s e q ue n tly i t c an no t b e
S o th at w e c o m e t o th e s ame
an yth i n g l e ss t h an m atte r
p oi n t w h e n ce we s t arte d e g m atte r an d f orce O ther wi s e
th e me an i ng is ab sur d A n d t h i s M ay a or matter ex i ste d p ote n
t iall y in the P arab rah m a an d by an a ct o f v ol i ti on w as c re ate d
th e obj ect i v e worl d wi th t h e s el f m ade M ay a re si di ng w ith i n
I t N ow such a doctr i n e is n ot op e n t o t h e crtic is m t h at
G od made the wor l d ou t of n oth i n g for n ot h i ng can c re ate
B ut

28

p A N c rt A n A S t

I f y ou say th e n ome n cl atu re of M ay a is simi l ar to

y our not h i ng t h e n you c ontr adi ct y our sel f i n as muc h as
i t was sai d ( in th e 2 7 th p ar a ) to b e a p r oduct of M ay a thu s
the n you are t o re g ar d M ay a a s s om et h i n g el s e t h e n ( S at )
ex i ste n c e an d di st i nct fr om ( A ral ) n on ex i s te n c e or n o
th i ng a c on di ti on th at c annot b e de scr i be d h e n ce in de scrib
ab le
( v i rtu al ly re m i n d i ng th e re ade r of I g nor an ce w h i ch is t he
s am e as P r akr i t i or m atter theref ore M ay a i s m atter )
44

th e p r oof s of s uch an as s erti on th e S r u tz is

qu ote d
P r i or t o th e worl d s S p ri n g i n g i n t o ex i s te n c e t h er e

was n ei the r p re se n t ( A s at ) n oth i ng n or be i n g as a s ep ar ate

e n t i ty but on l y M ay a ( an i n di cati on of dark n e s s) t h e i n h ere n t
f orc e of th e Sup re me Se l f h av i n g n o i ndepe n de n t ex i s te nc e
b u t der i v i n g its t ang i b i l i ty fr om th e P arab rah ma
45

N ow for

'

c on s i der ati on doe s n ot n ece ssar i ly re duc e

t he P arab rah ma t o th e c on d i ti on of a s ec on d F or th e s ep ar at e
ex i ste nce of a f orce out si de O f a sub st ance is n owh ere t e
c og n i se d
46

But

uc h

I f i t b e al l e g e d si n c e wi th th e decre ase of stre ng th

vi t al i ty is re duce d an d wi th its i n c re ase l i fe is p r ol ong e d we
h av e an i nst an ce of the s ep ar ate ex i ste n ce of f orce i t i s l ai d
down t h at S tre ng th or f orc e is n o c au s e for t h e p r ol on g ati on of
I t is th e c au se of i n duc i ng cul t i v at i on war and oth er
l i fe
H e n ce i t h as n o sep ar at e
act s i n wh i c h l ab our is c on c e r n e d
ex i ste n c e fr om th e b ody N ow f ol l owi ng a s i m i l ar t r ai n of
ar g u me n t i f i t b e ass erte d th at s i n ce s tre n g th is th e c au s e of
c ul t iv ati on war and th e re st we m ay as wel l attr i bute to
th e S up re me B r ah ma a s e c on d attr i b ute or ex i ste n ce B u t
th i s c an n ot b e don e wi th any s h ow of re ason for in th at
w
w
s n ot in ex i ste n ce
o
d
a
r
i
r
c
i
ti
h
e
th
e
bj
e
c
t
i
v
e
rl
w
n
o
n
n
d
o
o
o
p
n e i ther war n or c ul ti v ati on w as p os s i b l e
there f ore to admi t
the m is ab sur d ( and a du al i ty of ex i ste nc e is not l e ss s o)
47

48

Th e af ore sai d f orce ( M ay a) is not di ff u se d

b r ah ma b ut p e rv ade s onl y a p art in th e same way
.

in
as

Par a
e v ery

P AN C H A D A S L

29

rt of e arth c ann ot b e p r ot ab l y tur ne d i nto a j ar or oth er

b ut can m oi s t e art h on ly
e art h e n t h i n g
S
o
s
r u t i s ay s
t
h
i
s
purp
e
t
h
e
O n e p ort i on o f th e
T
o
49
P arm atm a i s e n g r os s e d in t h e w h ol e el e m e n t s the re mai n
"
an ife s te d
i n g t h ree f ourt h is eter n al p ure free an d s e l
I n t h i s way t h e fu n c ti on o f M ay a i s attr i b ute d t o t h e P ar a
b r ah m a i n th e S ru t z
eferr
i
n g t o th i s s ub j ec t K ri s h n a i n h i s d i sc our s e w i th
R
0
5
A rj u n a s ay s
Wi th a smal l p ort i on of t h e b ody I pe rvade
t he u n i ver se an d o ccupy i t ( v za e G i l a C h ap ! X l as t st an z a )
S u l f a:
re o the r S r a /z
a
T
h
ere
text
1
s
n
d
S
h
a
r
a
a
r
a
k
z
5
The P arab rah ma by a
e qu al ly c o r r ob or at i ve o f t h e ab ove
p o rti on of its b ody p erv ade s t h e w h ol e u n i ver s e t h e
s m al l

re m ai n i n g p orti on is eter n al p u re an d free S r u t z

Th e
P arab rah m a is n ot w h ol ly e n s h r ou de d in ch ang e b ut re st s in
a n u n c overe d u n c h an g e d an d u n aff ecte d c on di ti on S ar zraka
so

'

'

'

'

'

'

u tra ,

B ook I V C h ap ter I V S u fra 1 9

B u t i t is f or m l e ss , he n ce t o s ay
.

t h at a p ort i on of I ts
c ov ere d an d s ubj ec t to c h an g e w h i l e the o th er is
n ot i mp l i e s a c on tr ad i ct i o n
Th i s is c le ar e d i n th e f ol l ow
i n g w i se z Th e S ru tz attr i b ute s f or m for th e p urp ose of
e xp l an ati on t o a pu p i l
h
m
T
h
a
t
i
n
h
e
re
n
t
f
rce
M
a
y
b
i
i
n
i
n
th
e
r
a
r
a
o
a
a
d
P
a
b
a
53
g
i nduce s a c h an g e wh i c h n al ly e n ds in work s u su al ly c al le d
bu t s tri ctly sp e ak i ng e v oluti onal in th e sam e way
c re ati ve
a s by a b l e n di n g of t he p r i m i ti ve c ol or s a b e auti fu l e ffe c t is
p r odu c e d
N ow th e r s t p r odu c t of th e ch an g e i n du c e d by
54
M ay a is eth er wh i c h is v o i d
A n d as th i s ether is a der iv a
t i ve pr oduc t of M ay a wh i c h ag ai n is a f o rce of th e P ar a
b r ah ma its man ife st ib il ity is a man ife sti b il ity of its cau s e the
S el f
H e n c e th ou g h Sel f is e sse nt i al ly ex i ste n t its p r odu c t
55
e t her h as t wo attr i bute s
ex i ste n ce and v o i d
h
6
u
f
n
d
w
I
s
c
n
th
e
r
eth
r
the
i
b
u
e
o
o
h
i
r
o
t
w
r
h
a
s
a
t
t
o
d
s
e
5
52
b ody is
.

'

P AN C H AD A S L

30

b e t in th e P arab rah m a t h eref ore th e l atter h as on l y

o n e attri bute wh ere as I t s deri v ati ve p r oduct ether h as t w o
s ou n d an d ex i s t e n ce
T h at M ay a w h i c h pr oduce s eth er after e st abl i sh i ng
57
th e i de n ti ty of et h er w i th Sel f seek s further t o dr aw O p p os i te
i n fere n ce s by attri buti n g t h e pr op erty of th e c au s e t o th e
p r oduct and tr an s m i tti n g t h at p r operty t o t he p r oduc t t h at is
t o say S el f is e s se n ti al l y ex i s te n t th eref ore t o c on cl u de eth e r
is al s o s i m i l arly e n dowe d is a p r oduct of ( M ay a) Il lu s i on
T he f act is et h er o we s its ex i s te n ce t o Sel f an d i t is
58
n on eter n al
for i t is a cre ate d p r oduct ; h e n c e t h e as su mpt i on
o f th e T ark ik as or ot h e r o r di n ary m e n wh o h o l d ethe r t o b e
e ter nal is du e to Il l u s i on F or M ay a n atur al ly l e ads t o e rr or
I
t
u
i
ver
l
ly
a d m i tte d th at p r oof s e s t ab l i s h th e re al
i
s
n
a
s
59
wh i l e er r or h as a c on tr ary e ffect
n ature of t h i n g
60
N ow th i s ethe r an d t h e re s t are l ooke d u p on in a
di ffere n t l i g ht t i l l c le are d by th e an aly s i s o f th e S ru l z there
fore p au se an d reect wh eth er i t is eter n al o r n ot
61
E th er an d th e S upre m e S at ( B e i n g ) are di sti n ct fr om
e ac h oth er for ety mol og i c al ly t h e i r s i g n i c ati on is di ffere nt
m ore ove r th e c on seque n ce of th e act i on of et h er on air is th e
p re se n ce of s ou nd wh i c h deter mi ne s or e st ab l i s h e s th at air
an d n ot ether
62
F or H e is al l p erv adi ng h e n c e Sel f is th e recept ac l e
th u s c ons i dere d
of eth er wh i c h is an acti on or attri bute
n oth i ng re mai ns of ether to c l ai m a s ep ar ate i de n t i ty
I f you re g ar d ether as n atur al ly v oi d the n i t is qu i t e
63

in other wor ds you adm i t i t as

d i ffere n t fr om ( S at) b ei n g
u sa
i
f
o
d
A
t
If
th
u
h
ether
i
fere n t fr om
sa
o
s
n om b e ing
y
g
(
)
y
bei ng yet i t is not non bei ng th e n you c ontr adi ct y our s el f

for wh at is n ot be i ng mu st b e n on b e i n g an d y ou c ann ot
mai n t ai n th e one and d i sc ar d th e oth er wi th any s h ow of
re ason
I f you ar g ue s i n ce the eth er is p l ai n ly di sc er n i bl e
64
i t c annot b e non ex i stent for in th at c ase i t wou l d h av e bee n
is

a s n

'

P A N C H A D AS L

31

i nv i si b l e we reply t h at i t is t h e ve ry n ature of Il l u s i on ( M ay a)

t o m a k e no t h i n g appe ar as s om et h i n g l i ke an o b j ec t s ee n
i n a d re a m wh i c h is n on ex i s te n t yet p l ai n ly di s cer n i bl e
T h i s we c al l u n re al
65
I n t wo co ex i s ti n g obj e c t s n o di ffere n ce c an b e per
T h eref ore t h e d i ffere n ce b et wee n t h e wo r ds et h e r
c e iv e d
an d ex i s te n c e is thu s e s t ab l i s he d
C aste an d p er son be i n g
an d b ody qu al i ty an d o bj ect are e ac h d i ffere n t fr o m t h e o t h er
an d t h e met h od by w h i c h t h ey c an b e d i s t i n u i s h e d w i l l e n ab l e
g
a di ff e re n ti at i on o f et h e r an d e x i s te n ce
66
( If y ou are n ot c on v i n ce d ab out t h e m utu a l d i ffe r
e n ce of t h e t wo e v e n after u n der st an di ng i t t h e sub j ect is
furthe r expl ai n e d by t h e f ol l owi ng que s ti on s an d t h e i r repl ie s )
I f you say t h at y ou u n der s t an d t he d i ffere n ce bet wee n et h e r

an d
be i ng b ut you c an n ot r mly bel i eve i t t h e n s t ate y our
re ason s for d i s bel i ef
67
I f c arele ss n e ss be its c au se x y our atte nt i on an d b e
e ar n e st i f doubt h av e re cour s e t o p r oof s adduce d i n th e
S as/ras and wei g h t h e ar g u me n t s b as e d on an al og y an d
re ason
68
A fter th e ex i sti n g di ffere n c e of ethe r an d b ei ng h as
b ee n r ml y e st ab l i s h e d in t h e m i n d by xe d atte n ti on S lz ast m
p r oof s an d an al og y et h er is no l ong er m i s t ake n for R e al i ty
n or is R e al i ty c on n ecte d wi th t h e p e rq u is te s of et h er an d
m i st ake n w i t h u n re al i ty
T h e P r aj n a al way s l ook s u p on et h er as n on e ter n al ;
69

an d ( S at) be i n g de v o i d of t h e attr i b ute s of et h e r ; ( e

H e is eter n al p ure an d fre e

T h e l i ber ate d in l i fe w i th the afo re sai d c oncep ti on

70
be i n g is as t on i s h e d to n d i g n o r an t per so n s
of ether an d
h o l d i n g op p os i te b e l ief s ; b e n t in worl dly pur s u i t s an d ful l of
de s i re t h ey are de v oi d of s el f k n owle dg e he n ce b e l i eve t h e
r e al i ty of eth er
T h u s after e s t ab l i s h i n g th e u n re al i ty o f ether an d
71
R eal i ty of t h e P arab rahma i f th e same l i n e of arg u me n t b e
,

P A NC H AD A S I

32

c arr i e d in re fe re nc e to t h e f our oth er ele me nt s, I t wi ll be

f ou nd d i ffere n t fr om th e m

2
o
w
T
h
u
h
i
th
bei
th e re sul ti ng p r odu c t
n
a
n
a
i
d
r
7
g
g
o f et h er t h ere is n o rel ati on o f c au s e an d e ffect yet fr om
t h ei r m utu al c on necti on t h e i r i de n ti ty can p oss i b l e b e e st ab
l is he d he n ce t o c on s i der S at from ai r t h e i r m utu al rel at i on s h i
p
is be i ng e s t ab l i s h e d
T h e e sse n ti al ly ex i s te n t P arab rah m a is
c l os ely s i tu ate d t o M ay a wh i ch ag ai n is s i m i l arly p l ace d t o
ether an d ether t o air th at i s to s ay e ac h p rece d i ng one
s t an ds m ore o r l e s s in th e re l ati on of c au s e t o its e ff ec t w h i c h
c om e s i mme diately after an d for s uch rel ati on ( of c au se an d

f
e fect ) i t is p oss i b l e t o l oo k u p on air an d be i n g as i de n ti c al
I n th i s way afte rasc ert ai n i n g th e re l ati on of i de n t i ty
73
b et wee n t h e m t h ei r ex i sti n g d iffere n ce can on ly be m ade ou t
by a c on s i der at ion of t h e p r op ert i e s of air N ow air h as
p r opert i e s attr act ion oi mo i sture t ouc h
n atur al ly f our
m oti on an d vel oc i ty
A n d th e re s pecti ve p r operti e s of S at
M ay a an d ether are al so d i s cer n i bl e in air ( in th e f ol l owi ng
wi se )
The exi s te nc e of air is du e to S at an d i f s uc h e x is
74
te n ce b e s ep ar ate d fr om i t t h e n i t is re duce d to im p e rman
e n c e wh i ch is a p r oduct of M ay a ; an d its sou n d is t h e re su l t
o f e ther
I n t he 6 an d v er s e i t h as b ee n as serte d th at S at is
75
n atur al ly pre s e n t in air an d t h e ot h er el e me n t s an d n ot et h er
b ut i t is n ow s ai d th at s ou n d an e ffec t of ether is e as i l y
di s ti n g ui s he d in air th i s i mpl i e s a c on tr adi ct i on
76
[ I t is thu s c l e are d] I n th e 62 n d ver s e i t was s ai d
the v oi d o f eth er c ann ot b e e s t ab l i s h e d in air ; an d n ow
s ou n d
th e p r operty of eth er is di s cer n i b l e in air he nc e the y
d o n ot c on t r adi ct e ac h othe r
If fr om its di ff ere nce fr om S at you admi t air as
77
i m per m ane n t and a p r oduct of I l l u s i on Wh at pre ve n t s you
t o t h i n k i t d i s ti n c t fr om M ay a s i n ce th e i n de s cr i b ab l e M ay a is
a f orce an d t h e i e is ex i sti n g di ff ere n c e b et wee n f or c e an d air B
.

P A N C H A D AS L

78

B e c au s e ,

u n de n ab l e

f orce

its

expre sse d
act i on is n o t du e t o M ay a wh i c h is on ly an u n re al i ty or
I l l u s i on C an you say b oth in th e ine x pre sse d and ex p re sse d
fo r m s f or c e an d ac ti on the same u n re al i ty is e qu al ly
p re se n t ?
I n th e c on s i der ati on of th e R e al an d u n re al i t is
79
n ece ss ary to e s t abl i sh the i r di ff ere n ce b ut there is n o n ee d of
e n ter i n g
i n t o the i n div i du al di ffere nce ex i sti n g in al l th i ng s
n cl u de d i n th e u n re al
80
If fr om air t h e re al i ty o f e x i ste nc e du e to the
S upre me B r ah ma b e s ep ar ate d the re mai n i n g p ort i on wh i c h is
H e nc e
mater i al wi l l b e f ou n d t o b e u n re al an d i mper m ane n t
y ou mu s t ce as e t o re g ar d i t as eter n al an d k nowi ng
A s i m i l ar c on s i der ati on w i l l re duce re wh i ch is a
8r
pr oduc t of air b ut l e s s per v asi ve th an i t to i mpe r m an e n c e t h e
ve e le me nt s are s ai d t o c over the u n i v e r s e ( B r ah ma s e g g )
more or le ss on e o v er th e o t h e r
I n air one te n t h of i t is re ; a s i m i l ar te n t h p orti on
82
i n t h e othe r ele me n t s i s s p oke n of in th e P u rans
8 3 N ow th e n ature an d i m per man e n ce of re is b e i ng
Th e i nd i vi du al p r operty of re is man ife st ib il ity
deter m i n e d
wh i le ex i s te n c e i mper mane n ce s ou nd an d warmth p r oc ee d
fr om its c au se
84
S at an d M ay a eth er an d air h ave th e afore sai d f our
pr op erti e s i f re wi th its i ndi v i du al p r operty of man ife st ib il ity
b e s ep ar ate d fr om S at i t is re duce d to i mpe r man e n ce
85
Th e same c on s i der ati on wi l l re duce wate r to i mper
man e n ce wh i c h f or m s le ss t h an a te n th p art of re
T h e v e p r opert i e s of wate r der i ve d fr om it s c au s e
86
are ex i s te n c e i mper man e n c e sou n d t ou c h an d f o r m wh i l e
it s i n di vi du al p r operty is t aste
N ow by di s cr i m i nat i n g the m
fr om S at water is al so re du c e d to i m pe r mane n ce
87
A n d in water l e s s th an on e te n t h of its p r op orti on is
e art h wh i c h bei ng subj e c te d to a s i m i l ar an aly s i s wi l l es
t ab l is h its di ffe re nce fr om S at
i mper manence
.

th at

33
or

P AN C H AD A S L

34

e art h im p e rmae n n ce s ou n d t ouc h f or m an d t as t e

are de r i ve d fr o m it s c au s e
w h i l e its i n di vi du al p r o perty is
s m el l h e n c e d i ffere n t i at i n
g t h e m fr o m S at w i l l r educ e i t to
i m p er m an e n ce
89
I f th e e sse n ti al l y ex i ste n t R e al i ty b e di ff ere n ti ate d
fr om e art h i t is re duce d t o i m per m an e n ce an d l e s s t h an a
te n t h p art w i t h it s i n cl u de d B r ah m an da is c on tr i ve d to b e
p re s e n t in e art h
I n t h e B r ah m a s e g g are i n cl u de d th e f ourtee n ab ode s
90
V u r a n d t h e re s t w i t h t h ei r ade q u ate i n h ab i t an t s
T he sever al s pec i e s of b ei n g i n h ab i ti n g t h e di ffere n t
9r
ab o de s
i n cl u de d in B r a h m a s e g g p o s s e ss e d o f ve s ort s o f
b odi e s ( vi v i p ar o u s o v i p ar ou s p ar as i t i c an d e art h y ) el e m e n t ar y
in c om p os u i o n w h e n d i ff ere n t i ate d fr o m S at are re duce d t o
i m p er m an e n ce in s p ite o f th e i r t an g i b i l i ty wh i c h c an not in
a n v w ay aff e c t t h e s e c on d l e ss R e al i ty
u n re al
as cert ai n e d t h e
A
fte
r
h
av i n g
n ature o f el e
2
9
m e n t s e l e m e n t ary b od i e s a n d M ay a n o t h i n g w i l l cre ate any
d i s turb an c e as t o t h e n on du al c on ce p ti on o f S at
E ve n after t h e el e m e n t s an d el e m e n t ary b o di e s h av e
b ee n as cert ai n e d t o b e u n re al t h e w i s e do n ot di s c on t i n u e
t h e m t h o u g h u n re al b ec au s e by t he i r t an g i b i l i ty they
u si ng
are c ap ab l e of b e in g u s e d
an ad
an k h y a
K
S
t
h
e
u
h
i
et
B
dd
s t s an d o ther co n
L
4
9
t rov e rs ial is t s u s e t h ei r s pec i c ar g u m e n t s t o s u pp ort t he re al i ty
o f t h e o b j ect i ve wo r l d w e do n ot s tr i ve t o d i s app o i n t t h e m
for w e are o n e w i t h t h e m s o far as c al l i n g i n t o re q u i s i ti on t h e
s er v i c e of a l l u s e ful ob j ect s w h at w e wan t is t o deter m i n e t h e
re al i ty of S p i ri tu al ex i s te n c e
We
u
er
f
f
n o i n j ury fr om th e m i f t h ey fe arl e s sl y s h e w
s
95
n o re s p ec t t o t h e
S w i z p r o o f s ex pl an at o r y of t h e s e con dl e s s
R e al i ty we i n t h e s am e w ay h avi n g fr am e d o u r c on cep t i on
fr o m S r u / z experi e n ce an d an al o g y as t o t h e u n re al n atur e
of e very t h i n g el s e t h e be s i de s A l ma d i s re g ar d th e i r du al i ty
i ty is not u nne c e s sary
f
d
h
uc
h
i
re
r
u
a
l
6
a
d
o
T
d
s
s
s
o
o
w
g
9
88

In

'

'

36

P A N C H AD A S I

but n o sooner b e awak e s h e nds i t al l r i g h t s o in th e af ore

s ai d i n s t an ce a the osop h i s t s k n owl e dg e of n on du al ity doe s
n ot l e av e h i m w he n h e p art s wi th t h e b ody
1 02
C on tr adi ct i n g p r oof s m u s t b e s tr on g er th an su p
p ort i n g p r oo f s b ef ore an e s t ab l i sh e d f ac t c an be p r o ve d t o
b e f al s e he n c e n on du al i ty b ase d on Ve dan ti c p r oof s is n e v e r

di s turbe d in t h e e n d bec au se s tr o ng er p r oof s th an the m do

n ot ex i s t t h eref o re c on t r adi ct i on is i m p os s i b l e
T h u s t h e sel f e v i de n t truth s w h i c h th e Vedan ta ex
1 03
p ou nds t o d i ff ere nt i ate th e el e me n t s m u st i n ev i t ab ly l e ad a

m an to i n e ff abl e b l i ss in th e B rah m af
[ For i g nor an c e b e i n g
de s tr oye d th ere is n o more mater i al i ty le ft to subj e c t h i m t o
re b i rth
an d h e mer g e s in th e B r ah ma to b e i n a c ondi ti on of
,

j oy]

A cc or d i ng t o th e Veda n ta pa r i bh a s a
T h e j oy wh ic h a d
m i t s of n o i ncre a s e is B ra h m a ; as t h e V e da s ay s
H e k ne w

B r a h m a t o be j oy
T h e a cq ui s i ti on of B r a h ma w h os e e s s e nce
is j oy is m oles /2a a nd i t is a l s o t h e c e s s at i on of s orr ow
-

S E C T l ON I I I

0 72 t k e v e
'

IN

'

sa cs or s h e a t h s

th e T a zt z ry a Up amlr aa i t is s ai d th e wi se e nj oy al l
h app i ne ss by k n owi n g
th at th e se con dl e ss R e al i ty th e

m
Supre e B r ah ma is s i tu ate d in a cel l H e re th e wor d c el l
h as refere n ce to t he ve sac s or s he ath s an d as th e i r c ou s i
der ati on e n ab le s an i ndi v i du al to a r i g h t apprec i at i on of th e
A l ma the ve sac s are n ow b e i n g dec l are d
2
Wi th a v i e w to arr i ve at a c o rre c t s i g n i c at i on of

th e wor d c el l in th e af ore sai d p ar ag r aph i t is now b e i ng

de n e d Th e ph y s i c al b ody is th e f oodfu l sac i ns i de of i t
is th e v i t al wi th i n wh i ch is th e m e n t al e n c l os i ng th e c og u i
t ional wi th i n an d i n ter nal t o i t is the b l i ssfu l sac th at is
me an t by i t
N
ow th e f oodfu l sac and its n on i de n ti ty w i t h th e
[
3
A t ma i s b e i ng decl are d ] T h e g ross phy s i c al b ody is cal l e d
t h e f oodful sac b ec au se i t is f or me d fr om s e me n an d b l ood
wh ich are an al tere d c on di t i on of an d der i v e d fr om f ood
an d bec au s e i t d epe n ds e n t i rel y u p on f ood fo r it s
g r owth
B u t the b ody c an not b e c al le d eter n al or i n de s truct i b l e as
pr i or to its b i rth and after de at h i t is want i ng h e n c e i t doe s
n ot re s e mb l e Sel f
If you s ay th at a der i v at i v e produc t is s ubj ect t o
4
de ath an d th ou g h n on eter nal th e re is n o h ar m i n c on s i der i ng
th e g r oss b ody same wi th Sel f ( T h e r ep l y is ) P r i or t o
b i rth th e b ody was n on e x iste nt an d th ere for e s i mply fr om t h e
l aw of Karma i t is ful l l i ng it s p re s e nt p h as e of ex i s te n ce
*
t h e future b i rth w i l l al so b e a p r odu c t of acc u m ul ate d ac ti on s

'

t h re e k i nds of wor ks ( sa n ch z t a ) a ccu mul a te d

m
a te d
A
ccu
ul
ra bdh a ) fructe s ce n t a n d ( k my a m an a ) cu r re n t
r
a
(p
a re t h e wor k s of p revi ou s t e b i rt h s w h ic h h av e n ot yet c om m e n ce d
'

fructe s c en t h a ve beg an t o b e a r fru i t a nd curre n t

t o be a r frui t
T h e Veda n ta
a re t h os e wh ich w ill be a r fru i t in a f u ture l i fe
T h ere

a re

'

8
3

P A N C H AD A S L

th e p r e se n t l i fe wh i c h i t is n ot e nj oy i ng n ow b u t wi l l h av e
t o w ai t for a future t e i n c ar n at i on
th i s l i fe b e i ng s i mp l y a
s ce n e for t h e fru i ti on of p as t act i o n s
T h e ve v i t al ai r s w h i c h s tre ng th e n th e g r os s b o dy
5
an d i n duce th e s ever al or g an s t o p erf o r m t h ei r fu n ct i on s is
d e s i g n ate d t h e l i fe s ac
I t is n ot s el f for i t is i n s e n t i e n t
6
T h e m i s t ak e n att r i b uti on o f I an d m i n e to t h e
p h y s i c al b ody an d t o wor l d ly g ood s i s du e t o th e i n fl ue n c e of
m i nd
T h i s on e is c al l e d th e m e n t al s ac I t is n ot s el f
b ec au se i t is work e d u p on b y th e s eve r al p ass i on s wh i c h
i n duc e c h an g e
Th e sh adow or re fl ec t i on o f i n tel l i g e n ce ( s om e)
7
w h i c h i n t h e w ak i n g
c on di t i on o ccu p i e s every p art o f t h e
b ody an d m er g e s in i g n or an ce i n t h e c on d i ti on of dre am l e ss
s l u m b er i s c al le d t h e c o g n i t i o n al s ac
B u t as i t is s ubj ect t o
th e l aws of b i rt h an d d e at h h e n ce n on eter n al i t is n ot sel f
M an as an d B ead/22 ( T h e an i mal an d h u man soul s )
8
th ou g h for o r d i n ary p ur p os e s are l ooke d u p on as th e i n te r n al
yet th ey are d i ffere n t i ate d i n t o th e
o r g an an d n on d i ff e re n t
m e n t al an d c og n i t i on al s ac s b ec au se B ood z as th e i n te r n al
i ns tr u me n t or ag e n t is th e i n di c at i on of c og n i ti on al an d man as
as t h e exter n al ag e nt is th e i n di c at i on of th e m e n t al sh e ath s
re s p ecti vely
W h e n dur i ng th e fru i ti on of m er i t or i ou s an d v i rtu ou s
9
dee ds th e i n te r n al fu n ct i on of B e ad/22 is ful l of reecte d in
t e l l ig e n ce an d b l i s s an d after s uc h e n j oy m e n t i s o ve r
t h at
fu n cti on b l e n ds i n P rakr iti ( u n di ffere n t i ate d c os m i c c ond i
t i on of m atter ) i t is de n om i nate d th e b l i ss fu l s ac
B ec au se i t is l i ab l e t o i mm e d i ate de s tructi on i t is n ot
10
s el f
B e s i de s Sel f is n ot a refl ecte d s h adow b ut is l i g h t
eter n al i n n i te i n tel l i g e n c e and b l i ss
in

'

'

'

bel i e v e s in t h e de s t ru ct i on of t he r s t a n d l a s t t h r ou g h k n ow le dg e
i d e n t i t y w i t h I t T h e fructe s c e n t c a n be
o f B r a h m a a nd one s
e nj oy me n t of t h ei r f rui t s d u r i ng t h e
o n l y ex h a u s t e d b y a c tu al
p re se n t h is

PA NC H AD AS L

If it

be

39

i d th at fr om t h e g r oss b ody t o th e b l i ss
fu l s ac every on e o f t h e m is n o t sel f c an b e adm i tte d b ut i t
is i m p os s i b l e t o re g ar d any t h i n g el s e as Sel f for n ot h i n g can
b e c on ce i ve d in t h at way
12
I t is i n dee d true th at th e ph y s i c al b ody an d th e re st
are e as i ly c o n ce i v abl e
b ey o n d t h e m c an b e
an d n o th i n g
deter mi n e d as s el f
B u t w h at p reve n t s y ou fr om i de n ti fy i n g
s el f w i t h t h at eter n al I n tel l i e n ce t h r ou g h w h i c h
g
y ou c on ce i v e
the b ody e tc ? Th at is S el f
13
I t t h eref or e Se l f is pr e se n t as eter n al I n te l l i g e n c e
Why is h e t h e n n ot c og n i z ab le ? B ec au se h e is I n tel l i g e n c e
an d n ot t h e o b j ect o f c o n i ti o n
[ T h e i n t r oduct i on of sub j ec t
g
w i l l b e i n c o m p at i bl e w i t h trut h an d i n n i ty b e s i de s i t w i l l
c re ate du al i s m fo r t h at w h i c h c an n ot b e de m arc ate d in an y
way is i n n i te a n d i f i t were a k n o w i n s ub j ect a k n o w er
(
) its
g
k n owl e dg e wo ul d b e l i m i te d b y it s o b j ect an d c og n i t i on h e n ce
n ot i n n i te
A s re g ar ds du al i s m : i f B r ah m a w ere c on s c i ou s
there woul d b e o b j ec t s o f c ons c i ou sn e ss t h u s t h ere w o ul d b e
a re l at io n an d wh ere ve r t h ere i s rel at i on there is d u al i s m
Th eref o re B r ah ma or Sel f is k n owl e dg e as an ab s tr ac t ]
Fr om the ab se n c e of th e c og n i ti ve s ub j ec t an d obj ect s of cog
t i on i t is n ot k n o wn n ot bec au s e i t doe s n ot e x i s t
14
A s s u g ar i m p art s s weet n e s s t o a s ub s t an ce whe n
m i xe d w i th i t but doe s n ot depe n d up o n an y t h i n g el s e for its
s weet n e ss
b ec au s e s uc h s weet i m p arti n g sub s t an ce t h ere is
n on e
15
A n d as fr om wan t of s uch an oth e r s ub s t an ce i m p art
ing it s s weet n e s s t o s u g ar it s o wn s weet n e s s is s el f ev i de n t s o
f r om an ab s e n ce o f a sub j ect an d ob j ec t o f c og n i ti on t h e
A t ma t h ou g h u n p erce i v ab l e is y et e vi de n tly I n te l l i g e n ce an d
eter n al
i t

sa

S ay s t h e M z m du ky a Upa n i s h a a
B rah m a is n e i t h e r i n te r
"
n a ll y n o r e xter n a ll y c o n i ti ve n ei t h e r con s ci o u s n or u nc on s ci ou s
g
V e rs e 7

P AN C H AD AS I

40

m i ng i t ]
h av e S r u l z te s ti mony al so con r
S el f is sel f i l l u m i ne d b ef ore t h e e v o l uti on o f al l th e w o rl ds
H e al on e was e x i sti ng th ey f o l l ow the t r ai n of his i l l u m i n a
t i on an d by h im e ve ry th i ng is i l lu m i n e d or d i s c overe d
17
T h at I n te l l i g e n ce w h i c h c og n i s e s t h e p h e nom e n al
wo rl d c an no t b e c og n i se d by any other o bj e c t
T h e s e ve r al
0 i g an s are p o werl e s s t o c og n i s e i t b ec au se t h ey are p r o n e t o
c over obj ect s of c og n i t i on an d are i nc ap ab l e of h ol di n g th e
c og n i s er h i m s el f
18
T h e p r oof s are
All obj ect s of c og n i t i on are
k nown t o the Su pre me Sel f b ut n o one can k now H im H e
is d i ffere n t fr o m all k n own obj e c t s and is yet sep ar ate fr om
u n k n own H e is th e S u pre me G od eter n al and I nte l l i
16

w
A
n
d
e
[

'

e n ce

H e who f ai l s to c on c e i v e of th e S upre m e B r ah ma afte r

u nder s t an d i ng I ts di ff ere n ce fr om k nown and u n k n own as
k n owl e dg e i t sel f is m erely a l u m p of c l ay in h u man s h ap e
t h at is to s ay i t is i mp os s i b l e to make so du l l he ade d a per s on
u nder s t and t h e p r oof s c i te d in th e S h as tras

20
T o say I h ave no k nowle dg e of th e eter n al S el f is
as u n re ason ab l e as i t is s h amefu l to s a
w
n
o
n ot wh eth e r
I
k
y

I h ave a t ong ue a n d ye t a t ong ue l e ss i nd i v i du al c an n ot S p e ak

s i m i l arly H e i s k no wle dg e an d n ot t o k n ow him wi l l amou n t
t o a p er fec t wan t of k n owl e dg e a c l e ar i m p oss i b i l i ty
21
W h ate v e r obj ect s you c ome t o k n ow of in or di nary
as
u s e l e av i ng th e th e t h i n s as i de x up on t h at k now l e dg e
g
B r ah m a an d i t can b e ter me d k n owle dg e of B r ah ma for
there is n ot anoth e r th i ng re se m b l i ng I t
22
T h ou g h s uch k n owle dg e wi th ou t th e obj e ct s ( as in
th e af ore sai d p ar ag r ap h ) as P arab rah ma is re al ly e nt i tl e d to
b e c al le d k n owle dg e of t h e S up re me S el f y e t a c ons i de r at i on

o f t h e ve sac s i s n ot u nn e c e ss ary b e c au s e w he n th ey are l ef t

th e re s i due of k n o wle dg e as a wi t ne ss
o u t by c l os e t h i n k i n g
repre se n t s the S upre m e Se lf th at is ne v e r ab se nt T h i s is
i s e xp l ai n e d as f ol l ows
19

P AN C H AD AS L

4t

I n t e l l i g e n ce as i ndi c ate d by t h e wor d Sel f c an cre at e

n o m i s apprehe n s i on w i t h re g ar d t o o n e s Sel f t h at i s t o s ay n o
o n e c an be s o m i s g ui de d as t o c on te n d t h at h e is n ot i n e x is
te n ce t h i s is i m p os s i b l e A n d who w i l l b e h is an t ag on i st in
s uc h a c on te n ti on P
S uch a m i s ap p reh en s i on w i th re g ar d to h is p er s on al
24
i ty or ex i ste n c e n e ve r ari s e s u n l e ss o n e is s ubj ect t o a W i l d
ph an t asy h e n ce t h e S r zrfz s ay s T h ere is n ot o n e p er s on w h o

di sbel i e v e s h is o wn ex i st e n c e
25
H e w h o c o n te n ds t h at t h e S u p r e m e Sel f is n on e x is
te n t is h i msel f s o for h is i n d i v i du al i n te l l i g e n c e is i de n t i c al
wi t h sel f an d as t h at h as al re ady bee n p o i n te d ou t t o b e i mp er
ce pt ib l e th e n h e i s f orce d t o adm i t h is ex i s te n ce an d wi th it
S el f
26
The i l l u m i nat i on of Sel f is n ow deter m i n e d by th e
f ol l owi ng q uer i e s an d an s wer s W h at is t h e A l ma l i ke ? T h at
w h i c h c ann ot be deter m i n e d as re s e mb l i n g th i s or th at h e n ce
wh at is n e i t h er t h i s n o r t h at is S e l f

T h i s refer s t o o b j ect s v i s i b l e to the eye s and

27

th at i n vi s i bl e obj ect s B u t Sel f is n ot a s u b j e ct of C og u i

t i on b y s i g h t n or is he i n v i s i b l e for H e is eter n al s el f
i ll u mi n ate d k nowle dg e
23

'

T h u s th ou g h u nk nowab l e Sel f
an d v i s i b l e
,

is deter m i ne d t o

b e eter nal ,

T h eref ore we nd t h ou g h s el f is i mpercepti b l e ye t

h e is v i s i b l e an d th e s am e ar g u m e n t s w i l l e s t abl i s h h is s el f
i l lu m i n ati on ; more over the S r u t z in dicat ion s of trut h k n ow
le dg e and i n n i ty to P arab rah ma are al so app l i c ab le t o Sel f
28

'

W h at is n ot l i ab l e to de s truc ti on is c al l e d truth h e n ce
after t he d i ss ol uti on o f t h e obj ect i ve wo r l d w h o al on e re m ai n s
is t h e I n tel l i g e n c e k n o wn as t h e eter n al i n de s
as a wi t n e s s
t ru ct ibl e Supre m e Sel f
29

As

fter t h e
( sp ac e ) al on e re mai ns
30

v i s ib l e ob j ect s ethe r
w h at re mai ns a fter the de s truct i on of

di ssol uti o n

so

of

e a n c rra oa s r

42

eth er [ an d the re s t ] is k nowl e dg e and th at k n owl e dg e is c al l e d"

Sel f
I f i t b e s ai d noth i ng re ma i ns after th e de struct i on
31
an d t h eref ore we c an n ot c al l S el f t o b e
of v i s i b l e obj e c t s
re s i du e of de str uc t i on [ T h e answer i s] Sel f is th at u nin di
cate d someth i n g wh i c h you s ay re mai n s 720! afte r de s truct i on
H e n ce ou r d i ffere n ce is m e rely in wor ds the u n i ndi c ate d and
u nasc ert ai n ab l e re s i duu m l eft af ter t h e de struct i on of th e
worl d is al i ke adm i tte d b v b oth of u s ( you say i t t o b e n ou g h t
an d I s ay i t t o b e Se l f )
Wi th th i s obj ect th e S r u l z seek s to d i ffere n ti ate th e
32
Wi t n e s s i n g I n tel l i g e n ce fr om al l v i s i bl e obj ect s For eve n
an d is t h e re fore
aft e r t h e i r de s t ructi o n h e is i n d e s truc ti b l e

c al l e d a re s i duu m of de s truc ti on an d eter n al k n owl e dg e

S
T
he
r ee/ 2 h as in t h e a f ore s a i d m an n er e s t ab l i s h e d a
33
t wai n c on di ti on in al l i mpe r m an e n t obj ec t s o ne o f wh i c h is
deter m i n abl e as l i ab l e t o de s truc ti on the ot h er u n de te rm i n
N o w t h i s re s i du ar y
ab l e p orti o n is th e re s i due left after i t
p orti on of de struct i on rep re se n t s th e u ndete r m i n ab l e eter n al
i n n i te Supre me Sel f wh o is i mp er i s h ab l e
*
m
n
n
i
s
a
d
I n th is
er e st b l i s h e h is truth wh i l e th at of
a
34
k now le dg e h as al re ady b ee n dete r m i n e d ( Viae Ver I 3 a n te )
H e is i n n i te b ec au s e S e l f c an n ot b e de m arc ate d
35
by p l ace ti me or ob j ect H e is p re se n t e very wh ere h e n c e
i t is i m p oss i b l e t o fi x a b ou n dary l i n e as to h is l oc al i ty as
H e is eter n al t i me c an n ot aff e c t h im an d as h e per v ade s
e very obj ect; i t is i m p oss i bl e t o c on n e h im in o n e th i ng
T h u s t h e n as H e is u n re s tri cte d by p l ace t i me or obj ec t
H e is i n ni te
'

'

'

36 ;

T he S h el f is n ot al on e in say i ng Sel f t o b e i n n i te
an al og y al ike e s t ab l i s he s it for ou r c on cept i on s of p l ace
,

Trut h is i nde s tructi ble

for B r a h ma is s eco n dl ess
.

an d

it

is

on e ,

t h e refore i t

is B r a h ma

P A N C H AD AS I

44

r an df ath er fo h is g r an dson [ so th e one I nte ll i

e n ce for a d i ff ere nce of assoc i ate s is de s i g nate d I swar a an d

h is
g

an d

son

7 2m

t h e ab se n ce of a s on an d g r an dson th e same
m an i s n ei the r a f ath er n or g r an ds i re s o th e on e I n tel l i g e n c e

w he n as soc i ate d d i ff ere n tl y w i t h M ay a an d t h e ve sac s is

d e s i g nate d I s war a an d J i v a an d whe n n ot ass oc i ate d i t is t h e
S up re me B r ah ma I n tel l i g e n c e
T h u s wh e n b y t h e h el p of th e af ore sai d c on s i der a
43
t ions ab out the ve sac s an i ndi vi du al k n ows t he Su p re me
B r ah m a h e att ai n s t h e b l i s s ful n e s s of th e Sup re me B r ah ma
an d after de ath is s ubj ecte d to n o m ore re b i r th s ; in oth e r
wor ds for one e n g ag e d in c onte m p l at i ng t he B r ah m a wi t h
fi xe dn e ss of th e m i n d there are no more b i r th s and de ath s
H e is f ree d
42

A s in

T ION

SE C

IV

u al z

fy

p of I s war a an d c on tr i v an ce of the
d u al ( f irm) w i l l f or m th e s ub j ect of my p re s e n t c on s i der at i on
F or in s uc h a d u al c on di t i o n t h e s ubj ec t s th at wi l l h ave t o b e
l eft ou t by h im wi l l b e re n dere d ap p are n t th e m ore so
th at h e m ay h e n cef orth d i s re g ar d t h e m
T h e S vel as/ wataro p ams /z ad m e n t i on s th at t he f orc e
2
M ay a is n o o t h e r th an P rak r z l z ( M atter in it s u n d i ffere n t i ate d
c os mi c c on d i ti on wi t h out its t h ree attr i b ute s) an d C on sc i ou s
n e ss ass oc i ate d w i th i t i s I s war a
N ow t h i s M ay a assoc i ate d
I s war a is th e cre at or of al l t h e se wor l ds
m
T
h
o
e
w
h
tu
y
the
e
th
a
t
th
e
Sup
re
e
s
o
s
d
h
i
k
a
V
d
a
sa
R
3
y
Sel f I swar a was p re se n t in th e b e g i n n i n g
H e deter m i n e d
t o c re ate th e wor l d ; an d n o s oon er did s uch deter m i n ati on
ar i se th an the cre at i on of al l Z okas ab ode s f ol l owe d
(
)
E ther air re water e art h m e d i c i n e f ood an d b ody
4
in du e or der h av e s p ru n g fr om h im wi th h is d eter m i n at i on
Th at wi th a v i e w of occupy i ng b odi e s n u m er ou s
5

d id H e c re ate s ubj ect s an d al l th e worl ds

T az t z ry a
T

cre atorsh i

H E

'

'

'

Up am slz ad

th e C /z an aoaog y a Up ams/z ad of th e same V e da i t is

d i s ti n ctly s t ate d th at p r i or t o th e e v ol uti on of th e wor l d ( S at)
th e O n e E x i ste n ce al on e was pre se n t H e decl are d wi th a
sole mn v ow l et th ere b e a v ar i ety of worl ds
an d at h is wi l l
re water an d v ar i ou s cre ature s s pr ang i n t o ex i ste n c e
I n t he M a n d u k a Up am s/z aa of t h e U th arva V e da i t is
7
sai d th at as s p ark s fr om re do p r ocee d s o fr om th e i m p er i s h
ab l e I s war a p r oc ee de d v ar i ou s c re ature s s e nt i e n t
an d obj e c t s
i nse nti e n t
In

'

In

th e Va/asaney a B r z lz aa any ka Upams ad i t is me n

t ione d
th at in it s p ri or c on di ti on th e e arth was p ote nt i ally
b ut not per c ep ti bl y ex i s te nt at p re sen t it h as assu med div e r s
.

'

46

P A NC H AD A S I

f or m b oth in se n t i e n t an d i nse n ti e n t v i s i b l e obj e c t s

M an u M an C ow A s s H o r s e S heep
v iz z V i r at
G oat
B i r ds A n t s etc b oth m al e an d fe mal e
Th e
n
T
h
e
purp
o
rt
o
f
t
h
e
f
re
i
text
i
o
o
r
u
t
i
s
s
S
g
9
g
Sup re m e I swar a o ccu p i e s in t h e s h ap e o f i n di v i du al I nte l l i
g e nce al l an i mal b odi e s an d for h is s up p orti n g re s pi r at i on H e
i s de s i g n ate d f irm
T h e U n i ver s al I n tel l i g e n c e w i th th e c ol l ecti ve ag g re
10
m
n
a
a
te
ct
i
ve
r
s
th
e

ve
v
i
t
l
i
r
i n d an d
a
i
a
a
n
n
u
o
a
s
o
d
s
s
o
s
e
g
g
i n tel l ect c on s ti tuti ng th e A s tr al b ody t og et h e r w i t h it s in

a
w
n
d
el
l
i
reex
I
tel
l
i
e
ce
i
i
vi
u
l
n
n
n
d
d
(
) al l th e s e c ol l ect
g
g
ive ly c on sti tute w h at is de s i g n ate d f irm
I I f ir m per m e ate d w i t h th at U n i ver sal I n tel l i g e n ce
a
n d m i s e ry for M ay a t h e
r
h
yet
ubj
ec
t
h
a
p
p
i
n
e
ss
i
s
o
a
B
a
m
s
t
)
(
as soc i ate o f I s war a ( L or d) is a l i k e c ap ab l e o f cre at i n g th e
u n i ver s e as of f asc i n ati on ; its f orce i n f atu ate s f ir m an d
s ubj ect s h i m t o w e al an d w o e du r i n g l i fe
12
Fr o m s uch i n f atu ati on f o r g e tti ng Sel f th e f irm is
h url e d h e adl on g i n t o t h e c on cer n s o f a worl dly l i fe an d m i s ery
is h is p orti on ; th u s t h e c re ati on of th e o bj ec ti ve worl d* b y
I swar a is b r i ey decl are d
13
I n t he S ap l amz a B rah man m e n t i on i s made of th e
cr e at i on of v ar i ou s m an i fe s t ob j ec t s by f irm H e h as pro
d u ce d s e ve n d i ffere n t k i n ds of f ood by k n ow l e dg e an d w ork s
I4
O f th e ab ove s eve n v ar i et i e s o f f ood on e is i n te n de d
on e for o r di n ary m e n i n h ab i ti n
g t h e e arth t wo for D ev as
( Super i or b e i ng s) on e for an i m al s an d l as tly t h ree for ( A l ma)
S el f
Th ey are sp ec i fi e d as f ol l ows
1 5
Th e r st c l ass c ont ai ns g r ai ns ; th e sec on d c on s i st s

n am

an d

e nce t h e m a n i fe s te d worl d is a n i n d i ca ti on of d ua l i t y t h e
a ut h or h a s i n tr o d u ce d i t s i mpl y t o s h ow f u rt h e r on t h e t rue a s p ec t
of t h e on e E t e r n al I n t e ll i g e n ce ; t h e n ou m e n a l a n d p h e n om e n al
repre s e n t b u t t w o as p e c t s of t h e O ne E x i s t e nc e
H

'

P A NC H A D A S P

47

c r i c e s done h al f m on t h ly
an i m al s h ave m i lk ; an d A l ma
of sa

t i on

for h i s

p o r t i on

ful l moon ;
speec h an d re sp i r a

m on th ly dur i ng

an d

h as M i n d,

t h e m are i n c l u de d in t h e worl d n atur al ly

they c om e wi t h i n t h e c ate g o ry of I s war a s wor k an d t h ey are
k nown s o t oo b u t as by h is k n owl e dg e an d ac t f ir m h av e
adm i tte d t h e m i nt o u s e as f oo d t hey m ay b e l ooke d u p on as
h is p r oduct i on
17
N ow all th i s worl d an d the s eve n v ar i et i e s o f f ood
( ab ov e m e nt ion e d) i n di c at i ng i t th ou g h i de n t i c al ly th e sam e ,
yet v irtua l ly th ey are k n o wn sep ar ately as pr odu ct s of I s war a
E v ery ob j ec t h as a s i m i l ar
an d th e adm i tte d f ood of 7 ir m
b e ar i ng i t has t wo as p ect s t h ou g h n atur al ly i t is on e as a
woman b e g at by h er f ather is for th e e nj oy me n t of h e r
h u s b an d
I swara s f orce a fu n c t i on of M ay a g ave b i rth to th e
18
wor l d an d h is deter m i n at i on or v ol i ti on is re g ar de d as th e
c au se of c re at i on T h e de s i re of a 3f ir m for th e e nj oy me n t
of al l e nj oy ab l e th i ng s a m e nt al fu n ct i on is re g arde d as
a m e ans for the i r acqu i re m e n t
19
T h ou g h th e c re at i v e p r oduc t s of Is war a c annot b e
re cre ate d by f ir m y et j e wel s an d o ther prec i ou s s t on e s etc
( wi th out s ubj ecti ng the m to an y c h ang e of f or m ) are differe n tl y
u se d in a var i ety o f way s
acc ord i ng
t o i n di v i du al t as te an d
i n tel l i g e n ce or c ap ac i ty of e nj oy i n g
20
A n d as s uc h e n j oy me n t is v ari e d o wi n g t o a di ff e r
e n ce in t h e ta s te i n c l i n ati on an d k n owle dg e o f an i n di vi du al
th ou g h the ob j ec t m ay b e sam e y et We n d th at on e is very
m uc h de l i g h te d wi th a j e wel an other is m uc h v exe d in n ot
h av i n g it wh i l e a th i r d is p erfec tl y i n di ffe re n t whe t he r h e g et s
i t or n o t

s
i
i
t
Thu n s e nj oy me n t we n d 3 zrm cre ati ng t h r ee
d i ffere n t f or ms in th e j e wel s ( sag
p l e as ure an noy ance an d
i n di ffere nce b ut as c re ate d by I s wara i t is al way s one and
k nows no di sti nc t i on
1

of

al l

As

'

'

'

'

'

48

P A N C H AD A S L

th e same wom an s t an ds di ffe re n tl y rel ate d to

s ever al i n d i vi du al s t o on e s h e is w i fe t o an o t h e r dau g h t e r in
l aw a s i s ter im l aw t o a t h i r d m ot h er t o a f ourth an d so on
s ever al
rel ati on s t h ou g h
acc o r d i n g t o t h e k n o w l e dg e o f h er
on e
an d h as n o s uc h d ist in c
as cre ate d by I s war a s h e is
t i on s p re s e n t in h er
I f you s ay t h at in th e ab ove i n st an ce t h e di e re n ce
23
i n t h e rel ati on s h i p of t h e fe m al e i s m erely e s t ab l i s h e d an d
f or m an d
as t h at d oe s n o t c re ate a p arti c ul ar d i ff ere n ce in h e r
fe ature s i t is i n app l i c ab l e
24
We rep ly ex ter n al o b j ec t s are of t wo k i n ds : exter
ful l
n al ly they are e l e m e n t ary i n c o m p os i ti on ; an d i n ter n al ly
o f m i n d ; s o t h at i f t h ere b e n o d i ff e re n ce i n he r con g u ra
t i on or e s h y e t t h e m e n t al fu n ct i on de te r m i n e s h e r re l at i on
s h i p as a w i fe dau g h ter i n l aw etc
25
I f y ou s ay t h at i n t h e c on d i ti on s of err o r dre am ,
an d m e m ory
t h ere is p oss i b i l i ty for
s o verei g n ty o f t h e m i n d
t h e m e n t al fu n ct i on o vert ak i ng an exter n al ob j ect b ut in a
s t ate of wal k i n g n o s u c h m e n t al fu n cti on app e ar s p r o b ab l e
T h e an s wer is W h e n an ex ter n a l o bj ec t is c on
26
h e ar i ng an d
n e cte d w i th th e i n ter n al o r g an by m e an s of s i g h t
t h e re st i t as su me s t h e s h ape o f t h at exter n al ob j ect h e nc e
i n t h e wak i n g s t ate for an exter n al obj ect t o b ec om e m e n t al
T h i s h as bee n p art i c ul arly dec l are d by t h e
is adm i ss i b l e
22

As

V as hyk ar,

an d

V art i k k ara

'

s tr ati o n is i n tr oduce d as a p r oof )

i
l
l
u
7
A s c o ppe r m el te d in a cruc i b le by h e at ass u m e s it s s h ape s o
th e i n ter n al o r g an ass u me s t h e m od i c ati on of an ex ter n al
p osse ss i on of by
o bj ect w h i c h i t s ee k s t o d i s c o v e r by t ak i n g

me an s of t h e se n s e s
28
O r l i ke t h e s u n w h os e r ay s of l i g h t di s c ove r an
it s s h ape t h e i nter n al o r g an wh i c h is a
ob j ect by as s u m i n g
d i sc o vere r of al l o bj ec t s ass u me s t h e s h ape of w h at i t t ake s

p osse ss i on an d t h u s hel p s t he i n di v i du al t o k n ow i t
29
[ T h e c o rr ob or ati ng ev i de n ce of V artik k ara is now
2

( Vas hyk ar s

P AN C H A D A S L

49

c i te d ]
Whe n an exter n al o bj ect c om e s w i th i n th e
etc th e fu n cti on of t h e i n ter n al or g an
re ac h of eye s i g h t
t ake s
or i g i n ate d by th e de m on s t r ati n g i n tel l i g e n ce o f B ood/z i
e
i
i
t
an d b e c o m e s c o n ve rte d i n t o i t s s h a p e c on
f
o
o
s
s
ss
o
n
p
s e q ue n tly as an o bj ect ex ter n a l ly i s d er i ve d fr om th e el e me n t s;

T h i s can b e adm i tte d

s o i n ter n al ly i t i s ful l o f m i n d
n t h i s m an n er t h e t w a i n c h ar ac t e r of a p o t an d al l
0
I
3
T h ey are b oth el e m e n t ary
s i m i l ar o bj ect s i s e s t ab l i s h e d
an d m e n t al ; in refere n c e t o I s war a s c re at i o n a p o t i s ex te r
b ut t o th e i n di v i du al ( f ir m) i t is c re ate d in h is
n al ly e art h y
"
i n ter n al o r g an t h eref or e m e nt al f T h e e xter n al e art h y p ot is
c og n i s e d by s i g h t w h i l e t h e m e n t al p o t i s d i s c overe d by t h e
wi t n e s s i n g I n t e l l i g e n c e o f t h e i n te rn al o r g an
m
o ds o f A n r m
a an d V e /r iek c
t
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e
et
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k
1
B
w
z
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n ow
y
f
y
y
3
al l m e n t al ob j ect s c au s e wo r l dly e n th r a l l m e n t an d l e ad t he
bei ng

W e n d h e re t w o d i ff e re n t s ort s o f cr e a t i on E xt e r na l a n d
i n ter n a l or e l e m e n t a r y a n d m e n t l T he obj e c t ive w orl d is e l e
m e n t a r y d e ri v e d fro m t h e e l e m e n t s e t h e r a n d t he r e s t w h i le as
t h ei r c og n i ti o n f o ll o w s o n l y b y t h e m i n d a s s u m i n g t h e i r s h a p e
t h e s e n s e s a re s i m p ly s o t o s n e k t h e c h a n n e l b y w h i c h t h e f u n c
ti on p r oce e ds f ro m t h a t o rg a n t o t a k e poss e s s i o n of th e m a n d t il l
t h e y a re t h u s co v e re d t o a l l i n t e n t s a n d p u rp os e s t h e y ce a s e t o
B u t t h i s is s o q u i c k t h a t s c a r c e l y h a v e w e a n y n o ti o n o f t h e
e x ist
s t e p s i n v ol v e d in t h e p ro c e s s o f a s i n g l e a c t of c o n s c i ou s n e s s
T h e n ag a i n s om e W i l l h a ve i t t h a t it is t ra n s i e n t t oo for in t h e
f
o r d i n a ry c o u rs e o f ou r e v e r y d a
l
i
e w e a re c o n t i n u a ll y f o rm i n
y
g
re p l a c e d b y o t h e r s
c on c e pt i ons o f t h i n g s a n d ob j e c t s w h i c h a re
T h a t i s t o s ay a p r i or c on ce pt i on i s
a n d t h ey a g a i n b y o t h e rs
re p l a ce d b y a s e c o n d
a n d t h a t b y a t h i rd a n d s o o n h e n c e t h e
S u p p o rt e rs of t h e t ra n s i e n t t h e ory a re c a ll e d t h e Ks h a u i Vad i i z s
T h e y l ook up on t h e w h ole t h i n g a s a c u rre n t of c on s ci ou s n e ss in
i vh ich t h e o b j ect s t h a t a re p e rc ei v e d f oll o w [a s a c ur re n t of w a t er
in a r i v e r or a s wa ve s f oll o w c on ti n ua l ly wi t h out any b re a k of
c on t i n ui t y
'
Vyetriek a is
f A nvay a is rel a t i on of c au s e and eff ect
d i sc r i m i na t i on of s epara t e di st i nct i on
9*

P A N C H AD A S L

50

c on sec uti ve re b irth s z Th e p re se n ce of s u c h

m e n t al ob j ect s p r od uc e s p l e as ur e or p ai n ; th e i r ab s e n c e
n e i ther
r i n st an c e in th e d re am i n g s t ate al l k n ow l e dg e o f
2
F
o
3
exter nal obj e c t s is ab se n t b u t th e m e n t a l fu n ct i on s t i l l c on t i
n ue s b u sy i n c over i n g m e n t al ob j ect s an d e n t h r al l s t h e in div i
du al wh i l e in dre am l e s s s l u mbe r tr an ce an d p r o f ou n d m e di t a
t i on b oth e xter n al an d m e n t al obj ect s are ab s e n t an d th e
m e n t al fu n ct i on is at abey an c e h e n c e th er e is n o m or e
att ac h m e n t
n f or me d of th e d e m i s e o f an ab se n t
Whe
f
th
er
i
a
a
i
n
s
33
s on r e s i di n g in a d i s t an t c ou n try by a l i ar h e i s s ure t o g i v e
v e n t t o h is g r i ef in te ar s an d c ry i n g
r as in th e ab s e n ce of c ert ai n n e ws ab ou t t h e
de at h
O
4
3
a f ath e r c o n t i n ue s t o l i v e h ap p i ly w i t h a
of h is ab s e n t s on
g l adsom e h e art th o u g h s uc h son is de ad we th e re f or e n d
m e n t al fu n ct i on is th e c h i e f c au se of w orl dly att ach me n t
e ve ry wh er e in al l i n d i v i du al s
[ B u t i t m ay b e ask e d ] W h at n ece s s i ty is th ere for
35
e st ab l i s h i n g t h e ex i s te n c e of t h e obj ec t i ve w or l d w h e n m e n t al
f u n c t i on is t h e c au s e of an i n di v i du al s att ac h m e n t ?
I n as m uc h as t h e m e n t al
T
h
e
ece
s s i ty l i e s i n t h i s
6
n
3
f u n ct i on m u s t ass u m e th e s h ap e of t h e o bj ec t i t s eek s t o
d i s c ov er i t i s e ss e n t i al t h at ob j ec t s m u s t b e i n a s t ate of
ex i ste n ce s o as t o l e n d th e i r reec ti on t o t h e i n te r n al o r g an
I f i t b e af r m e d th at fr om prev i o u s c o n ce pt i on s g at h e re d
i n f or m e r b i rt h s t h e e arth c an b e re al i s e d m e n t al ly w i t h ou t
t he ex ter nal ob j ec t i v e wor l d s o th at it s ex i s te n c e is n ot a
p r i me n ece s s i ty eve n adm i tt i n g s uc h t o b e th e c ase y ou
c an n ot do away w i t h it s ex p os i t i on as al t og et h e r u s el e s s
b ec au s e t h at wh i c h is depe n de n t o n p r oo f s st an ds i n n e ce s
t h eref o re in t h e t an g i b l e
s i ty fo r th e p r oo f s of it s ex i s te n ce
p r oof s of it s e x i s te n ce t h e p h e n o m e n al wor l d is n ot u n re al
I f s u c h m e n t al wo r l d b e t h e c au s e of t h e i n d i vi du al s
37
t e b i rth
the n t he p r ac t i c e of ab st ai n i ng the m i nd3 certai n
i n d i v i du al } t o

'

52

P A N C H AD A S L

T h i s i s

c on s i der u p on th e n on diffe re n ce of
43
( )
S el f fr om th e Su p re me S el f by analy s i s an d ar g u me n t c i te d
i n th e V e dan t a as de s i re s p ert ai n i n g t o t h e s ac re d s cr i p ture s
I t is t o b e c on t i n ue d so l on g as k n owl e dg e of truth is n ot
a cqui re d w h e n th i s r s t f o r m of D u al it v is t o b e ab an don e d
O n t h i s s u b j ec t th e S r u f i te s ti m o n y i s
Wh e n b y
44
c on t i n u al s t u dy of t h e V e das an d t h e V e d an t a u n r e al i ty of
d u al i s m h as b ee n r ml y e s t ab l i s h e d an d k n ow le dg e o f t h e
s e co n dl e s s R e al i ty P arab rah m a is o b t ai n e d
t h e s ac re d wr i t
i n g s are t o b e ab an done d ( for th ey h ave s er ved th e i r purp os e
an d th ere is n o m or e an y n ece s s i ty fo r t h e m ) j u s t as a t orc h
i s ex ti n g ui s h e d by o n e t r avel l i n g i n a d ark n i g h t wh e n h e !
a rr i ve s h om e o r w h e n h e h as n o furt h e r n ee d of i t
W h e n an i n tel l i g e n t p e r s on b y s tu dy i n g th e V e dan t a
45
i nt o
an d o t h er s ac re d w ri ti n g s h as o b t ai n e d a c l e ar i n s i g h t
w h at i s r e a l a n d u n re al
an d after h av i n g as cert ai n e d t h e i r
d r i ft h as ac q ui r e d k n o wl e dg e of t h e Su p re m e S el f h e s t an ds
i n n o furt h er n e e d o f t h e m t h at is t o s ay t h ey are ab an do n e d
j u s t as a c ul ti v ator de s i ro u s o f re ap i n g g r ai n s u s e s t h e c ru sh e r
s o l o n g as t h e i e are g ra i n s an d ab an don s i t afte r th e wor k
is
ni sh e d
T h e q u ie t an d t r an qui l m i n de d seek e r of truth b e n t
46
o n k n o w l e d g e o f S e l f i s de e p l y e n g ag e d o n th e C ul ti v ati o n o f
t h at k n o w l e dg e an d ab s t ai n s fr o m a g r an di l o q ue n t di s cu ss i on
of t h e s ac re d \t i l t l n g s b e c au s e t h a t i s fru i tl e s s
T o k n o w t h e s e c o n dl e s s P arab rah m a by re s tr ai n i n g
47
m i n d an d s p e ec h an d ab an do n i n g o th e r wo r ds is th e advi c e
p l ai n l y s e t f o rt h in th e S r u l i
"
t
u
a
n
n
a
n
D
a
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i
ty
o
t
p
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rt
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n
6
8
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( )
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4
g

w
w
f
h i ch th e r s t s h arp
i s al s o d i v i s i bl e i n t o t o v ar i e t ie s o
i n c l u de s de s i re a n d p ass i o n ; a n d th e sec on d b ad i n di c ate s
m e n tal s overe i g n ty
B ot h o f t h e m are t o b e av oi de d by t h e s eek e r of
49
tr u th for th e S r u t i i n s i s t s on m e n t al qu i etu de and me di t a
t i on as t he m e an s for att ai n i ng k n owl e dg e o f B r ah ma
a

to

'

P A N C H AD AS L

53

I t is n ot t o b e s u pp ose d th at th ey are to b e av o i de d
k n ow l e dg e b ut th ey m u st b e re l i u
on ly p r i or t o ob t ai n i n g
e
ve
free
d
n s ub s eque n t t o i t by on e de s i r o u s o f b e i n g
i
h
u
s
e
d
q
i n di c at i on s o f
in l i fe ; b ec au s e p as s i on s an d de s i re s are
i g nor an c e an d n ot of del i ver an ce i n l i fe
s i n c e k n owl e dg e of t ruth c ut s of
I
f
i
t
b
e
affi r m e d
1
5
futu re re b i rth s t h at is e nou g h for my p urp ose I d e s i re n ot
t o b e k n o wn as on e free d i n l i fe an d n o h ar m can f ol l ow
fr om a c on ti n u ance o f p ass i ons an d de s i re s Th e r ep ly is i f
u are s u re t o b e re b or n ag ai n afte r
u t h i n k in th at wa
o
o
y
y
y
e nj oy m e n t o f h e ave n fo r a b r i ef p e ri od I n oth er wo r ds y ou
are n o k n owe r of Sel f b ut s i m pl y a p er s on e n g ag e d in ac ti on s
s an ct i on e d by re l i g i o n
n j oy m e n t of h e av e n b ec au s e
u
d
n ot de s i re
I
f
e
o
2
o
5
y
i t is te mp or ary W h at p re ve n t s y ou fr om ab an don i ng p as s i ons
and de s i re s wh i c h are f aul ty an d w o rt h l e s s
n g k n owl e d g e of n on du al i ty
If
a
fter
a
c
q
u
i
r
i
53
y ou s t i l l
p er s i s t in keep i n g u p y our d e s i re s an d p ass i on s th e n y ou b re ak
t h e very sac re d w r i ti n g s w h i c h g u i de y ou in y ou r acti on s an d
b ec om e a f ol l owe r of y o ur o wn i n cl i n ati ons
I f i n s p i te of y o ur k n o wl e dg e o f truth you act
54
t o th e be n t o f y o u r d e s i re s wh e re is t h e d i ff ere n c e
acc or d i n g
b et wee n y ou an d a dog th at l i ve s on u n cl e an f ood
50

3
"

very ex tr e m e v ie ws p e rv a il in r e g a r d t o t h i s s ub j ect
Y a t es h t ac h a ra n or a c ti n g a c c o rd i ng t o a p e rs o n s i nc l i n a t i o n is
c on de m n e d b y S u re s v a ra c h a r a a n illu s tr i ou s d i s ci pl e of S a n k a r
y
a rc h a y a
O u r a ut h or h ol d s s i m i l a r v ie ws t oo a n d t h e p as s ag e
in t h e text is a n a p p ea l t o t h a t e n d
B u t i t is s a i d t h e U pa
n is h a ds c on t a i n s ever a l p as s a e s in w h i c h t h e o
i
s
os i te doctri n e
g
pp
m a i n t a i n e d a n d a T h e os op h i s t is f ree t o ac t a s h e l i k e s P r of es s or
G ou g h in h is a rti c le in t h e C a l c u tt a R e v i e w ( 1 8 7 8 p 34 ) s a y s
T h e T h e os op h i s t l iber a te d fr om m et e m p s y c h os i s b u t s t ill in t h e
b ody is u n t ou c h e d b y m er i t a n d d e m e ri t a b s ol ve d fr om al l w o rk s
g ood an d e vi l u ns oile d by s i n f u l wor k s ( B ri h aa arany ak o pa n z s l z a d

T wo

'

P AN C H A D A S L

54

a c on di t i on you are re du c e d to someth i n g

u
c
h
55
wors e th an wh at y ou w ere b e f ore i n as muc h as p r i or t o s uc h
k n owl e dg e y ou h ad t o s u ffe r fr om th e p ai n of y our p ass i ons
p e op l e w i l l s pe ak
a n d de s i re s w h i l e n ow in addi t i on to th at
i l l of you A h h ow muc h g l ory t h e n doe s y ou r k nowl e dg e
b r i n g u n t o you !
T h e ref or e a k n owe r of tr uth s h ou l d n ot de si re t o
56
f ol l ow th e b e n t o f h is i n cl i n ati on l i k e t h e s w i n e and wi l d
b oar b u t by ab an don i n g p ass i on s an d de s i re s h e m u s t r ai s e
h i ms el f t o t h e di g n i ty of a D e v a an d b e an obj e c t of wor sh i p
an d re vere n c e e v ery wh ere
57
[ N ow th e m e an s for r e l i n q u i sh i n g m e n t al defe c t s
p ass i ons et c are b e i n g deter m i n e d] T o n d ou t i mper
m an e n ce i n a de s i re d obj ec t i s an u n c om m on hel p t o r e du c e
i t an d th e p ass i on for i t t o n i h i l i ty T h i s h as b ee n r ep e ate dl y
expl ai ne d i n th e V e dan t a T h eref ore l i ve in h ap p i n e ss b y
rel i n q u i s h i n g de s i re an d p ass i on an d b y re g ar di ng
al l th i ng s
wh i c h e xc i te y ou r de s i re t o b e n on eter n al
I t c ann ot b e sai d t h at n o s u c h i l l c on seque n c e can
58
b e attr ib ute d t o th e sov ere i g n ty of th e m i n d th eref ore at
i ts p re s e n c e is al l owab l e th e m ore s o as i t e n ab l e s a per son
T o c on s i der i n th i s wi s e is
t o s pe n d h is t i m e in h app i ne ss

o bj ecti on ab l e for th ou g h me n t al s ov ere i g n ty l e ads to n o e vi l

c on seque n c e d i re c tl y yet by its i n ue n c e on p as s i on s an d

de s i re s i t b ri n g s f orth ev i l h e n c e i t i s t o b e ab an don e d M e n
t al s overei g n ty
is th e re f or e t he s ou rce of al l e v i l B h ag ab an
S ree K r i s h n a s pe ak s al so of th e i nj ur i ou s e ff e c t s wh i c h i t l e ads
t o b y its i n ter depe n de n ce o f an d i n ue n ce on de s i re an d p as
s i on in th e f ol l ow i n g m an n e r
( G il a C h ap I I V
H e who c onte mpl ate s on [ th e ac qu i s i t i on of] we al th
59
b e g et s a pre di l ecti on for i t th e n f ol l ows an i n te nse de s rre of
ac qui si t i on b afe d in i t h e b ec ome s ang ry and stu p i d l ose s

In

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23

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P A N C H A D AS L

h is me m ory ,

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60

ul t i mately to d ie

m e n t al s o ve re i g n t y"?

N o w wh at

M e n t al

55
can

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h urt

vere i g n ty is c ap ab l e o f b e i n g re move d by

p r of ou n d u n c on s c i ou s m e d i t at i on wh i c h f ol l ows as a re sul t
of c on s c i o u s m e dit at i o n f "
.

so

61

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on e

of all

u n ab l e to p r ac t i ce th at m e di t at i on b ut wh o
p ass i on s and de s i re s , can kee p b ac k m e nt al
,

P r of ou n d m e d i t a t i o n is
1.

S a ri i ha lpa C

2.

N i rv iha lpa ,

of

t wo

k i nds

na m

el y

ci ou s a n d
U n c on s c i ou s

o ns

ci ous m e d i t a t i on T h e s ub j e ct t h e perc e pti on and

t h e ob j e ct c on s t i tute t h e c on s ci ou s E g o T o re a l i s e t h e B rah m a
w i t h out a s ec on d b y c o n ce n tr a t i n g t h e m i n d w h ic h h a s a s s u m e d
t h e s h a pe of t h e I m pa rt i te a n d b y i nd iv i s ibl y re s ti n g it s fu ncti on
t h ere w i t h t h e d i s t i ncti on of k nowe r a n d k n ow l e dg e t h a t is t o s ay
w i t h t h e rete n t i o n of t h e i n d i v i d u a l C on s ci ou s n e s s
T h e n a s in
t h e i n s t a nce of a n e a rt h e n t oy e l e p ha nt t h e m i n d t a k es c og n i s an ce
o f t h e a n i m a l a l on g
w i t h t h a t of it s c om p os i te c l a y s o t h e re is
t h e pe rce p ti on of t h e U n i ve rs a l C on s c i ou s n e s s ( B ra h ma ) co
ex i s te n t w it h t h e C on s c i ous E g o or n on d u a l i t y A s i t h as b e e n
I a m t h a t S e c o n dl e s s
s a i d b y t h e s ub j ec t of s uc h c on t e m pl a t i o n
C o n s ci ou s n e s s everp re s e n t perv a d i n g e very w h ere g ood l i g h t
u n dec ay i ng u nb le nde d i nnat e
w it h out a beg i n n i ng ( u n b or n)

a n d free
1

on s

t h e re s t i ng of t h e I m p a rt i te
m e n t a l fu nc t i on on t h e R e a l i t y B ra h m a w i t h out a s e c on d a n d
becom i n g on e w it h i t b y t h e de s tru c t i on of t h e t h ree i n t e g r a l
c on s t i tu e n t s of t h e C on s ci ou s E g o t h e s ub j ec t t h e i n d i v i du a l
er
t
h
e
as i n a s a l in e s oluti on
a n d t h e ob j ec t T h e n
c e p ti on
p
bee n d i ss ol ve d a s s u m e s t h e s h a p e o f t h e wa ter it s
s al t h a v i ng
is d e s t r oy e d but t h e w a ter a l on e is left t o b e
s ep a r a te e xi s te n c e
er
e
i
ve
o d i s c o ver t h e R e a l B ra h m a a l o n e b y t h e m i n d a ft e r
c
d
s
o
t
p
B /z ol e s
it h a s bee n m oul de d i n t o t h e s h ape of t h e l mp ar t i te
2.

U nc on s ci ou s m e d i t a t i on

is

'

Ved an tas ara , p 4 7

.

P A NC H A D A S L

56

vere i g nty by p r ono u n c i ng th e m y s ti c sy l l ab l e OM

xe d atte n t i on for a l e n g t h e n e d p er i o d

so

wi t h

T h u s th e s o ve rei g n ty o f th e m i n d h avi ng b ee n su b
d ue d i t c o m e s t o r e s t tr an q ui l l y h av i n g n o fu n cti o n to d is
t r act it an y m o re O n t h i s s u b j ec t t h e s ag e B ashis htha has
i
ve
v
ri
u
i
l
l
u
tr
a
t
i
o
n s t o R a m ac h an d r a
n
a
o
s
s
g
62

W h e n t h e exter n a l o bj ecti ve wo rl d is s h ut ou t of th e
mi n d by du e r eecti on a n d c on s i der at i on of t h e s e con dl e ss
B r ah m a an d t h at h as b ee n v i s i bl y p erce i ve d t h e way for
a tt ai n i n g
N i r v an a is m ade e asy
T h e n afte r s tu dy of th e
S ac re d Sc ri pture s o n S p i r i t ual i ty [ T h e s o u l an d t h e S up re me
fre
s oul ] w i t h p art i cul ar atte n t i on t o t h e i r l og i c al i n fe re n c e s
n s o n t h e s am e s ub j ec t
ue
t
o
ver
ti
i
t
h
o
t
h
er
per
s
o
n
n
s
a
o
n
w
c
Q
t h e m i n d fr o m t h e acqu i re me n t of mate ri al
an d refr a i n i ng
c omf ort s n ot h i n g is m ore p r ope r t h an t o c o m m u n e wi th S el f
an d s t0 p s p eec h a l t og et h e r o r t o bec o m e s i l e n t
63

I f as a re s ul t o f fruc te s ce n t wo rk s acti on s don e in

a p r i o r b i rt h b ut wh i c h
h ave c o m m e n ce d t o b e ar fr u i t
a T h e O S O p h i s t b e s u b j ecte d t o m e n t al
d i s tr ac ti on i t is on l y
te m p or ary in d ur at i o n for by r ep e ate d p r ac t i c e h e h as l e ar n e d
h ow t o re s t ore tr an qu i l i ty an d t h u s h e m er g e s i n t o B r ah m a
64

65

A nd

th at k nowe r

of

B r ah ma wh os e

i n ter nal or g an

is

T h i s wor d is f or me d of A u a n d m T h e t wo fi rs t a re c on
v ert e d i n t o 0 a c cord i ng t o t h e rule s of G r a mm a r E a c h lette r

n
c
n
s
a
o
n
I
n
M
n
k
s
i
ti
ct
i
i

t
i
t
h
e
p
i
h
a
a
d
s
a
d
u
a
U
a
n
h s
ad
OM
y
g
is s a i d t o i n d ic a t e t he S e l f lu m i n ou s P r o t ec t or o f
B ra h ma

H e nce O M is a pr e d ic a te a nd B ra h m a its s ub j e ct a n d b et wee n

n
i
d
s
e
o
n
n
a
r
t h m t h ere s
i t i cti o w h teve
L i ter a lly s p ea k i n g O M
a n a mm on i te
c a n l a y n o cl a i m t o B r a h m a but a s in wor s h i pp i n g
( S a l i g ra m ) a w or s h i pp e r is t o x t h e f o r m of V i s h n u i n h is m i n d
t h o u g h t h e s t on e ha s n o l i k e n e s s to him s i m i l a rl y wh ile me d i

t a ti ng O M a p e r son is t o dwe ll on B rah ma men t all y

,

'

'

"

P ANC

HAD AS I

mi

57

i m pe di me n t fr om me n t al d is
t r acti on is t t o b e rec og n i s e d as B r ah m a F or i t is t h e
u n an i mou s decl ar ati on of al l dev out s ag e s S uc h a p er son is

n ot a k n ower of B r ah m a b ut is h i m s el f a B r ah m a
66
I n c onnect i on w i th t h i s n on d i ffere n c e of a T h eoso
as h is h ta s ay s
B
m
B
i
t
h
r
a
h
H e wh o re st s on
h
i
a
w
s
t
p
B r ah ma wi t h h is i n ter n al or g an e n t i rely m er g e d i n I t wh o h as
n o more an
y k n ow l e dg e of W h at th e s ac re d wr i t i ng s te ac h n or
t h at of t h e obj ect i v e m ater i al wo rl d is h i m s elf a B r ah ma
H e c annot p r operl y b e s ty l e d a k n owe r of B r ah ma for i t is
i rr ati on al to say th at B r ah ma k nows It sel f or is I ts own
never

l i ab l e

to

meet wi th

an y

k n owe n
67

Thu s afte r th e v as t de s i re s cre ate d by f ir mh av e

rel i n q u i sh e d the i r h o l d fr om th e i n ter n al Or g an h e is del i vere d
in l i fe an d w i th t h at p urp os e in v i e w D u al i ty h as b ee n d i vi de d
i n t o t wo c l as s e s of wh i c h th e r st f or m
r ms cre ati on is
i
f
tre ate d h ere d i ffe r e n tly fr om th e s ec on d I swar a s c re at i on
.

T h ere a re ei g h t me an s for u ncon sc i ou s m e dit a t i o n a n d fou r

ob s t a cl e s
T h e m e a n s a re ( a ) Fo rbe a r a n c e ( 6 ) M i n or o b s e rv
a n ce s ( c
) A s cetic p os tur e ( a ) R e g u l a t e d b re a t h i n g ( e ) R e s t ra i n
ing t h e s e n s o r y o r g a n s ( f ) F i x e d a tt e n ti o n ( ) C o n t e m l a t i o n
g
p
a n d ( h ) C o n s ci ou s m e d it a t i o n
M e n t al i n acti vi t y M e n t a l d i s t ra c t i on P a s s i on s an d de s i r e s ,
a n d Tas ti n
g of e n j oy m e n t a re t h e f ou r ob s t acl e s

*9

S E C TI ON
0 n the

con s ide r a t i on

Ve di c

T r a n s ce n de n tal

P h r a s es

I N D I V I DUAL

I ntel l i g e n c e c e n tere d in B oodh z t h at h el p s the

c og n i t i on of al l obj e c t s by s i g ht h e ar i n g s mel l an d t aste an d
e n ab l e s u s to S pe ak i s t h e l i ter al s i g n i c at i on of th e wor d

P rafn an am B rah ma
P raj n ana in l th e
c i te d in th e A ite rya
U p an i s h ad of th e h g veda
Th at is t o s ay wi th a v i e w of
e n ab l i n g a T he os op h i st de s i r ou s of rel e ase t o e s t ab l i sh h is
th e f our f or m s of V e di c e xp re s
n on di ff ere n c e w i th B r ah ma
c on s i dere d
s i on s u s e d as a m e an s t o t h at e n d are n ow b e i n g

T h e K h ik Veda say s I n tel l i g e nc e is B r ah ma

T h i s is
p r ov e d in t h e f o l l ow i ng w i s e :
2
S i n c e P arab rah ma is al l p e r v adi ng It is equ al l y p re se nt
i n B r ah m a I n dr a an d o t h er D e vas as al so in man cow h or s e ,
A s an i n ter n al k n owe r I ts perv as i on is u n i v er sal ,
an d an i m al s
c on se q ue n tl y i t is p re se n t in m e t oo T h u s th e n th ere b ei ng
P ra/n an a an d
o n e recept acl e for b oth th e I n t el l i g e n ce s v iz
P arab rah ma t h ey are n atu r al l y i de n ti c al h e n c e I n di v i du al
I n tel l i g e n ce is n on d i ffere n t fr om t h e I n tel l i g e n ce of B r ah ma

T
h
e
p
h
r
as e ( A h a / n B r ah mas mi )
I am B r ah ma c i te d
3

i n t h e B r i/z adara n y a k Up a n is h ad o f I d / n rrl eda is th u s e x

Th at i n n i te I n tell i g e n c e t h e Supre m e Sel f re s i di n
l
i
e
d
n
a
p
g
i n th e b o dy c om p os e d of t h e ve e l e m e n t s by th e i n h e ren t
f orce o f M ay a h ut d i s c o vere d as a w i t n e ss b y p as s i v i ty sel f

c on tr ol an d o th er m e an s fo r att ai n i n g S el f k n owl e dg e is t he
s i g n i c at i on o f I

B r ah ma re fe r s to t h e s el f e xi s te nt
all p er v adi n g
4

S up re me S el f A n d am e st ab l i sh e s t h e n on di ff ere n c e of t he

t w o i n tel l i g e n ce s ex p re s s e d by I an d B r ah m a
I f th eref ore
t h e i de n ti ty o f t h e i n di v i du al and u n i ver s al I n te l l i g e n c e b e

s
e t ab l i she d t he n th e u se of I am B r ah ma by one li b er at ed

'

P A N C H AD A S I

60

e i de s wi th i n th e b odi l y f ab r i c in al l its c omp on e nt s u n i t s

f r om th e p hy s i c al b ody t o e g oi sm i t is s p oke n of as Sel f

H e nc e th e two wor ds Th i s S elf i n di c ate th e i ndi v i du al

i ntel l i g e n ce
Th e on e c au se of th e p h e n ome n al wor l d and its
8
th e U n i v er sal I ntel l i g e n c e is i ndi c ate d b y
su b st ratu m

I t is S el f l u mi nou s too th eref ore the two I ntel l i

B r ah ma
e nce s are i de nt i c al
g

r s

S E C TI ON

VI

wz t k

I l l u s t r a t i on by

L I KE a pr i ce of p ai n t i n g f our c on d i ti on s
Sup re me B r ah m a

a i n t i ng

p re s e nt

are

in

th e

our p rel i m i n ary c on di t i on s

p
t
h
e
f
ai n t i n g
3
n d r ub
ng
a
s
d
6
rep
r
t
i
f
t
h
e
r
u
tretc
h
i
o
n
n
o
a
P
a
a
o
are
( )
g
( )
b i n g th e c an v as ( 6 ) dr awi ng t h e ou tl i n e ( d) n i s h i n g or
l l i n g it w i th c ol or S i m i l arl y in t h e S up re me Sel f we n d
p re s e n t ( a) I n tel l i g e n ce ( 5) I n te r n al K n ower Th re ad sou l
Th ey are ex pl ai n e d as f ol l ows
an d V i r at
Th e u nasso c i ate d I nte l l i g e n c e of th e Sup re m e B r ah ma
4
is t h e r st an d I s war a s I n tel l i g e n ce as soc i ate d w i th M ay a th e
Th e s ub tl e as tr al b ody [as subj ect of on e
s ec on d c on di t i on
an d c al l e d th e T hre ad soul
for i t per v ade s
I n tel l ect
l ike a th re ad t h r ou g h al l c re ate d b e i n g s ; an d as a c ol lecti ve
I n tel l i g e n c e o f H iranyag arb ha ]
ag g re g ate i t is th e s ub j ect i ve
is t h e t h i r d an d I n tel l i g e n ce ass oc i ate d w i th g r oss b od i e s
c al le d V i r at [ for i t is pre se n t in di ve r s f or m] is th e f ourth con 1
di ti on
A s in a p i ece of p ai n t i ng al l th e g ure s do n ot re st in
5
on e p os i ti on
b ut some are g ood and other s b ad ly p l ace d so
fr om t h e T u rie ne c o l u mn to al l se n t i e n t an d i n se n ti e nt
ob j ect s mo u n t ai n r i v e r e arth e t c an d l i vi n
g be i n g s in s h o rt
every th i ng re st s in du e or de r on th e I ntel l i g e n ce of t he
Supre me B r ah ma
6
As th e d i ffere n t we ar i n g app arel of th e seve r al g u re s
in th e p i ece o f p ai nt i n g are c on c e i ve d t o b e i de n ti c al wi t h its
c l oth ( c an v as)
S o th e di ffere n t I n te ll i g e n ce ( L i fe s oul ) of i n di v i du al s
7
re sti ng on the U n i ver sal I n tel l i g e n ce wh i ch is th e s ub str atu m
i S al i ke c onc e i v abl e t o b e i de n t i cal with t h at of P arab rah m a

N ow in

62

P A N C H AD A S L

t h ey n i s h t h e i r s oj our n h ere after h avi ng as

s u m e d b o di ly f o r m
8
A s t h e we ar i ng ap p are l in th e p ai n t i ng are t ake n for
the c ol or of t he c an v as by a du l l p e r s o n so th e i g n or an t m is
t ake an i ndi v i du al s c areer in e art h for th at o f B r ah ma and
c on s i d er i t s o
A n d as th e p ai n te d mou n t ai n s etc requ i re n o we ar i n g
9
app arel so are i n s e n t i e n t m ater i al ob j ect s e ar t h etc dev o i d
of i n di v i du al i n tel l i g e n ce or L i fe s o ul
to
T o c on s i de r wo rl d ly e x i s te n c e as t h e s up re m e o bj ect
o f l i fe an d re l ated t o B r ah m a is an er r or c al le d ( A v i dy a)
I g nor an ce I t is re mo ve d by k n owl e dg e
V ari ou s ly do

k nowl e dg e h el p s t o s h ow i f B r ah ma were at al l
c on n ecte d w i th the wor l d th e n i t woul d h ave b ee n l i k e wi se
eter nal b ut as i t is oth er wi s e the worl d is m erely an i n h er i t
an ce for th e f irm wh o is a refl ecte d s h ado w o f th e S up re m e
S el f ; to deter m i n e th i s is c al l e d k nowl e dg e an d i t can onl y
b e acqu i re d by ar g u me n t an d analy s i s
I t

F or

Th i s k nowl e dg e de str oy s i g nor an c e ; h e n c e i t is

al way s n ece ss ary t o deter m i n e th e n ature of th e wor l d in di vi
d u al and B r ah ma B ec au se t h e n t h e i m per man e n ce of th e t wo
r s t is c l e arly e st ab l i she d and t he i r i n c om p at i b l e re s i due
B r ah m a ( i n c om p at i b l e be cau se pe r mane nt ) is d i s c ov ere d as
e ter n al an d p ure
,

T h u s th e n t o n d ou t th e tr ans i t ory c ondi t i on of al l

obj ect s t o as c ert ai n th at i n c omp at i b l e re s i due [ of des
t ru ct ion] th e Sup re me B r ah ma is k nowl e dg e an d i t le ads to

N ow t he wor d i n c om p at i b l e doe s not refe r

e man c i p ati on
t o k n owle dg e in th at c ase i t wi l l h e wan t of k no wl e dg e an d an
i n di v i du al in tr anc e an d p r of 0 u n d dre aml e ss s l u mb er m ay as

we l l ex pe c t t o b e free d
3
c re ate d
1

W h e n re al k nowl e dg e of B r ah ma is r mly e st ab l i s h e d
an d t h e wo rl d re duce d t o i m p er m an e n c e an d u n re al i ty
th at is
T h i s is its p r op e r s i g ni c ati on
me ant by i n c omp at i b i l i ty
1

63

P A N C H A D AS L
Oth e r wi s e

to

w or ld is

e!

or

n ot

meant

in t hat

as

c as e

e man c i p ati on in l i fe w i l l b e i m p o ss i bl e
Fr o m s uc h a C on s i der at i on ar i s e s t wo so rt s of
15
k nowle dg e : i n v i s i bl e an d v i s i b l e ; th e f or m er is to b e con
t in u al ly p r act i s e d ti l l i t l e ads t o th e l atte r wh e n al l an aly s i s
an d ar g u m e n t s are t o c e as e

ng
n ow
ar
e
Th
e
i
v
i
i
b
le
v
i
i
b
l
e
b
ei
a
d
s
n
s
16
n
[
e xp l ai n e d ]
Kn owl e dg e wh i c h e s t ab l i s he s B r ah ma t o b e
S e con dl e ss I n tel l i g e n c e an d C au se of al l is c al le d i n v i s i bl e :
an d w h e n i t hel p s a p er s on t o s ay
I am th e eter n al true an d

free B r ah ma i t is c al l e d v i s i b l e
17
T h i s sec on d s ort of k nowl e dg e is f ac i l i t ate d by
e n qu i r i n g
i n t o S elf h e n c e th at is i m per at i vel y n ee de d ;
b ec au s e by m e an s of i t t h e i n d i vi du al free d f r o m al l fetter s
ab i de s in I n tel l i g e n c e ( B r ah ma and s oon e n j oy s th at f e l i c i ty
)
w h os e s o l e e s se n ce is j oy "
.

c q ui s i ti on of B ra h ma w h os e e ss e nce is
j oy a n d t h e c e s s ati on of m i s e ry F or we n d i t s a i d in t h e V e da
Th e k nowe r of B ra h m a bec om e s B ra h m a t h e k nowe r of s e lf
N o w s e n s u ou s g ra t i cat ion s o r a b ode
p as s e s be y on d a l l m i s er y
i n h e a ve n or a n y ot h e r bl i s s f u l r e g i on is n ot M ok s h a for t h e y a re
d eri ve d from w o r k s t h eref o re t r a n s i t o r y a n d n on eter n a l
Th e
bl i s s ful n e s s of B r a h m a is n ot op e n to a s i m i l a r ob j e cti on i t is
e ter n a l ; we a re de l u de d i n t o a n o pp os i te bel ief
s i m pl y
fr om
I g nor a nce h e n ce t h e d e s t ruct i on of t h a t I g n o r a n ce b y c u l ti v a t in g

lf
k
le
e
T
h
h
t
h
e
e
n
u
m e a n s p re s cribe d for t h a t e n d
s
ow
dg
o g
h el ps t h e c og n i t i on of B rah ma a n d re m ove s t h e e n vel o p m e n t of
I g no r a n ce y e t i t c a n no t be s a i d t h a t a s k n o wl e dg e b r i n g s in
c on cepti on of bli s s a n d d es truct i on of m i s e ry ; pri or t o i t t h ere
wa s n ei t h e r p e rcepti o n of fel i c i t y n or ce s s a t i on o f s orr ow t h u s
bl i s s f u l n es s o f B ra h ma h as a b e g i n n i n g a n d wh a t h a s a b e g i n n i ng
is o p e n t o d e s truct i o n t h e refo re b o t h b l i s s a n d t h e ce s s a t i o n of
m i s e ry a re n on et e r n a l
T h e n a g a i n t o s ay t h a t i t is u s el e s s t o a t te m p t a c q u i r i n g a
t h i ng a l re a dy g ot t h a t is t o s ay s i nc e t h e f e l icit y of B r a h m a is
n a tur all y p re s e n t c ul t i v a ti on of k n owle dg e is n o l on g er n ece s s a r y
L iber a t i on

the

is

P A N C H A D AS L

64

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*

B r ah m a I n d i v i du a l
T h ey are
U n i f or m
its f our asp ect s )
A s t h e s am e et h e r for a d i ffere n c e
an d I s war a I nte l l i g e n ce s
o f it s ass oc i ate rece i ve s v ar i o u s a p pe l l at i on s s o i s o n e I n t e l l i
g e n ce s e ver al ly c al le d
T h er e is p i tc her et h er as fol l ows f
F or i n s t an c e
19
t h at is t o s ay et h er c o n n e d w i t h i n an d b ou n de d by a p itc h e r
to d i s ti n g u i s h i t fr o m t h e i m p arti te an d al l per v adi n g et h er
c al l e d M ali a/ mm Aq ue ou s et h e r or re ecti on o f t h e sk y w i t h
s t ar s an d c l ou d in t h e w ate r c on t ai n e d in a p i tc h e r
2 0 3 1
N ow th e c l ou ds p re se n t in t h e g re at b ody of
( u n ap prO p riate d) et h e r rep re s e n t v ap o r w h i c h i s s i m p ly a
tr an sf or m e d c on di ti on o f w ate r ( for v ap or is a p r oduc t o f
e v ap o r ati on o f water by t h e s u n s r ay s ) h e n ce t h e reecti on of
e t h e r in c l oud is e asy t o c on ce i ve and as s uc h i t h as a sep ar ate
d e s i g n ati on an d c al le d c l ou d et h e r
Fr o m qu i n tup l i c ati on o f el e m e n t s is p r odu ce d th e
22
w
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s l i k e w i s e c al l e d t h e
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f oodful s ac for it s
o
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depe n de n ce up on f ood ; t h e t h re e o t h er s ac s V i t al M e n t al ,
a n d t hey
an d B l i s s ful are n ot a re s u l t o f s uc h c o mb i n at i on
c o n sti tute t h e A s tr al b ody I n te l l i g e n c e per v adi n g i t is
ter m e d u n i f or m b ec au s e i t k n ows n o c h an g e
1

"

t h a t s h o u l d n ot b e b e c a u s e w e n d i t s o h a p p e n w h e n a m a n
h as f org o tt e n a b out a p i e c e of g ol d in h is h a n d h e r e c o ver s p os
s e s s i on of it a s i f h e h a d n ot g o t i t a l r e a d y w h e n p o i n t e d o u t b y
I n t h e s a m e w a y a c q m s it ton o f b l i s s a l r e a dy p os s e s s e d
a not h e r
d e s tr u c ti o n o f m i s e ry a l re a dy d e s tr oy e d c a n o n l y b e
a nd
re co v e re d b y m e a n s of k n owl e dg e h e n c e c u l ti v a t i o n of k n ow
le dg e is a p rop e r ob j e c t for a n in d w rd u a l t o b e e n g ag e d in
K u t a s t a C h a i t a ny a is p e rp e t u al l y a n d u n i v e r s a ll y t h e s a m e ,
h e n c e i t is u n i f o r m
r M a li a m e a n s g re a t ; b e c a u s e i t is t h e s ource of t h a t a ppr o
p ria t e d b y a p i t c h e r e t c in s h ort i t p e r v a de s e ve ry wh ere in
But

a n d ou t

P AN C H

63

AD AS L

T h e reecti on of u n i f or m I ntel l i g e n ce on ood/2w

for i t s s upp ort in g t h e vi t al airs f is c al l e d f ive an d he is s u b
j e ct t o pl e asure an d p ai n
Wi t h a v i e w o f as cert ai n i n g th e u nass oc i ate d an d
24

assoc i ate d n ature of the I n tel l i g e nce s

u n i f or m an d in divi
du al they are h er e re g ar de d s ep ar at e b ut fr om ig n ornan ce
r m is i n c ap ab l e o f deter m i n i n g the ex act n atur e of t h e r s t
i
f
h e n ce i t can b e s ai d th at h e s h ut s s uc h k n owl e dg e ; in th e
s am e way as et h er o f t h e water c on t ai n e d in a p i tch er dis
p l ace s t h e p i tc h er et h er I n t h e C o mm e n t ari e s o f S arirak a
tre ati se s i t is c al le d ( An ay a ny aalzy ar) M utu al I l lu s i on
25
T h e c au se of t h i s m utu al i l l u sory attr i b uti on or tr an s
ferr i n g on e i n tel l i g e n ce t o t h e o t h e r is
I g n or an ce
o r as i t is ot h er w i s e c al l e d P r i mordi al
I g n o r an ce w i th out a
be g i n n i ng
Th at preve n t s f irm fr om perce i v i n g th e nature of
u n i f or m I n te ll i g e n ce
N ow t h i s I g n or an ce : h as t wo p o wer s
26
( a) C on ce al m e n t an d ( 6) P r oj ect i on
( a) C on ce al me n t p reve n t s t h e ap p reh e n s i on of th e eter n al
s el f i l l u m i n ate d u n i f o r m I n tel l i g e n ce an d re n de r s i t in v is rb l e
27
C on ce al m e n t or w an t of app re h e n s i on rece i ve s c o rr o
h or ati on fr om t h e exper ie n ce of an i g n or an t p er s on wh o i f

u n i f or m I n tel l i g e n ce say s I k n ow i t n ot
as ke d ab out th e

I c an n ot appreh e nd i t an d T h ere is no s uch t h i n g as

u n i f or m I n tel l i g e n c e
I f on e is i n cl i n e d to ar g ue in t h e f ol l owi n g str ai n :
28
A s sh adow an d l i g ht c ann ot re s t t og et h er so I g n or an c e
c ann ot ex i st wi th u n i f or m I ntel l i g e n ce wh ose n atur e is l i g h t ,
for th ey are an t ag on i s ti c to on e another c on seque n tly wher e
i g nor an ce is wanti ng c on ce al m e n t c ann ot b e expecte d t o b e

23

I n t ell ec t M r S i n n e t in his
S p i ri t u a l S ou l

1 I n s p ir a t i on expi r a t i on , e tc
i; N e sci e nce
9

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P A N C H AD AsL

66

p re s e nt t h e ex pe ri e n ce of i g n or an t per son s as exe mp l i e d

ab ove wrl l re m o ve h i s m i s t ak e
I f o n e wo ul d n ot tru s t t o h i s own ex pe r i e n ce H ow
29
?
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h el p h im B ec au se ar g u m e n t h as n o e n d ; on e p er s o n dr aw s
h is i n fere n c e in on e way wh i c h a m an of i n tel l ec t r e fut e s an d
de ter m i n e s d i ffere n tl y
n n ot as c e rt ai n t ru t h yet
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t o h e l p its appre h e n s i o n i f p r ob ab l e ( c o n f or m ab l e ) ar g u m e n t s
as
are re q u i re d y o u c an h ave rec our s e t o t h e m i n a m a n n e r
w i l l hel p B oozz z t o dr aw n atur al i n fere n ce s in c o n f o r m i ty t o
at c h e d
exp er i e n ce but ab st ai n fr o m c l o s e re as on i n g an d il
ar g u m e n t s i n t h e el uc idat i o n of trut h for s op h i s try m i s le ads
an d i s a s ource o f g re at ev i l
N ow th e p r ob ab l e ar g u m e n t s t o deter m i n e th e u n i
31
f or m I n tel l i g e n ce c on f o r m ab l e t o e xper i e n ce are b e i ng
rei ter ate d Wh i l e de s cri b i ng t h e p ower of e n v el op me n t of
I g n or an ce th e exper i e n c e of a p e r s on in refere n ce t o i t h as

b ee n me n t i on e d
H e s ay s I k n ow i t n ot
etc
a l re ady
T h eref ore u se c on f or m ab l e ar g u me n t s as h el p th e aS C e r
t ain m e n t of th e u n i f or m I n tel l i g e n c e a n d in n o way b e ar
ag ai n s t i t
I f y ou re g ar d t h e di s c overe r of t h e p o we r of e n vel op
32
m e n t o r c on ce al m e n t of I g n o r an c e u n i f or m I n tel l i g e n c e as
O pp os e d t o i t
H ow c an y ou o t h e rw rs e ap pr e h e n d c on ce al
m e nt ? ( T h i s y ou c an n ot )
T h e r e f o re k n ow t h e i n di c ati on of
u p on ( v z vrka ) d rs crim in at ion as an
a w i se m an an d l oo k
an t ag on i s t o f ( a v idy a ) n e sc i e n ce o r I g n o r an c e

33 ( b) P r oj ect i on o r s uper i m p os i ti on is n ow b e i n g set

for t h
I t m ay l i ke wi s e b e t e r m e d m i s appre h e ns i on It is
deter m i n e d by th e I l l u s tr ati o n of s i l ve r in n a cre
Th at is t o
s ay as s i l ver
is m i s t ake n i n n ac re fr om i l l u s i on s o fr om
t h e f orce of c re ati on o r s uper i mp os i t i on t h e u n i f or m I n t el
l rg e n ce e n ve l ope d i n i g n or an c e is ap t t o b e m i st ake n for t h e
phy s i c al an d subtl e b odi e s and i ndi v i du al i nt el l i g e nce T h i s
"

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68

P AN C H A D A S L

si mi a

l rly bet wee n th e l i ter al s i g n i c ati on

w or ds s el f u n i f or m I n tel l i g e n ce an d

or

p re di c ate of th e
th ere is b ot h

i n s t r u m e n t a l ca u s e a n d it s r e s u l ti n g a c t i on t h e re doe s n ot
exi s t s u ch a r e l a t i on b ot h o f d i ffer e n ce a n d re s e m b l a n ce bu t
F or e x a m p l e t h e i n s t ru m e n t a l c a u s e o f
e xt re m e d i ff ere n ce o n l y
w h e e l a n d t u r n i n g rod is e xtr e m e l y
h
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j
d i ff e re n t fr om t h a t j a r w h i c h is a p r od u c t o f h is m a n i p u l a t i on
b u t bet w e e n it s m a t e i a l c a u s e a l u m p o f cl a y t h e re e x i s t s b o t h
d i ffe re n c e a n d r e s e m bl a n c e a n d i f t h e y w e re e xtre m e l y d i ff e r e n t
fr om e ac h o t h e r t h e n t h e c a u s e c l a y w ou l d a l i k e h a ve t h e p r op e rt y
a n ot h e r s ub s t a n ce
o il
ex tr e m e l y d i ff e re n t fr om i t ;
of p rod u c i n g
but s i n c e i t is ot h er w i s e we m ay w i t h e q u a l p ropri e t y c onclu d e n o
S i m il a rl y i f t h e m a teri a l c a u s e of a j a r
c l a y s h a l l pr oduce a j a r
w ere t o be a r t h e s tr on g e s t a f n i t y re s e m bl a n ce o r s i m i l a r it y w i t h
i t n o j a r w ou l d re s ul t H e nce t h ere is d i s ti n ct i on a l on g w i th
re s e m bl a nc e b e t we e n t h e m N ow for t h i s d i ff e re nce t h e ob j e ct i on s
of extre m e d r e re n ce a n d of a g re e m e n t or t h e f a u lt s o f d i ffe re n ce
T h u s t h e n i t is a n e s t a bl i s h e d f act I t
d o n ot a p p l y t o t h i s v i e w
l i k e w i s e deri v e s proof s f ro m ou r o w n p e rc e pt i o n bec a u se exter n a ll y
w e n d a j a r d i ff e re n t f ro m cl a y b u t on re e c t i on w e k n ow t h a t
h e n ce t h e t wo a re
e v e ry p a r t of t h e j a r i s c o m p os e d of cl a y
i de n t i c a l
B h a d r i t h u s refutes h is ri v a l s w h o c on s i der t h e p re dic a te a n d
wor d
of a
be a r on l y d i ffere n ce H e s a y s
s u b j ec t
I f th e

p re d ic a te o f t h e word j a r be e xtr e m e l y d i ff e re n t f rom a j a r t h e n

i t f a i l s to c on ve y t h e i m p ort o f a c l ot h w h i c h is extre mel y
as
d i ff e r e n t f rom i t l i k e w i s e i t s h o u l d f a rl t o s i g n i f y a p i t ch er w h i c h
is a l s o ext re m e l y d i ffer e n t fr om i t m o re ov e r i f y ou re g a rd t h e

p re d i ca t e of t h e wor d j ar t o b e d i ff e re n t fr om i t a n d a d m i t its
si
n ic a t i on a j a r
o r a pi t c h e r w h i c h is e xt re m el y d i ff e re n t fr om
g
i t ( b ot h in s h a p e a nd s i z e) t h e n i t m a y w i t h e q u a l p r opr i e t y i m pl y
s u ch
a n o t h e r s ub s t a n c e a s d oe s n ot b e a r a n y r e s e m bl a n ce t o i t
t h e s a m e con s i d e r a t i o n is a p p l i c a ble t o t h a t o t h e r d oct ri n e w h ic h
d oe s n o t a d m i t t h e p re s e n c e o f a f o r c e e n e rg y o r d e s i re in a t e rm
h e n ce i t is f a u l t y t oo B ec a u s e t h e pr e d i ca te of j a r a p i tc h er
b o t h of t h e m a re e q u a ll y
a n d a c l ot l r w h ic h is n ot s o
d i ff ere n t

fr om j a r t h e n i n a s muc h as t h e wor d j a r has in i t t h e force of

an

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69

P A N C H A D AS L

r e se m b l an ce for w h i c h th e i l l u sor y attr i buti on

t h e f or m er t ake s p l ace in t h e l atter Th eref ore t h e wor ds

d i st i n cti on
of

an d

y i n g t h e s i g n i ca ti on of a p i t c h e r a n d n o t of a n ot h e r s ub s

t a n c e c on s e q u e n tl y b e y on d a p i t c h e r t h e w o r d j a r c a n no t m e a n
rd
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p rop e r s i g n i ca t i on c a n o n l y r e n de r t h a t s e n s e p e rc e p t ible a n d
T h u s t h e n t h e re is n o d e fe ct in [ a dm i tt i n g
n o t a d i ff e e n t s e n s e
t h e s tre n g t h of a w or d ] r e g a rd i n g a p re d i ca te a n d s ub j e ct a s
I t c a n n o t be a ll e g e d t h a t
d i ffer e n t fr o m o n e a n o t h e r
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b l a nce ) A cc o r d i n g t o t h e v i e w of a N y ay ik a or s u pp orter of
t h e s t re n g t h t h eo r y [ of w or ds ] c on s i der a ti on of d i ffere nce on l y
is n ot a t a l l f a u l t y t h ou g h h is O p p o n e n t s a t tr ib u te fa ult s w h ereve r
on l y d i ffere n ce is m a i n t a i n e d
F o r s ay t h e y if t h ere be extre m e
d rffe re n c e b e t w ee n a c a u s e a n d i t s re s ul t i n g a ct i on t h e n a s a
lu m p of c l a y p r od u ces a j a r wh i c h is ex tre m el y d i ffere n t fr om i t
i t m ay a s w ell p rod u d u c e o il w h i c h a l s o is ex tre m el y d i ffere n t a n d
i f n o oil ca n be p rod uce d from cl a y s i m il a rl y a j a r s hou1d n ot b e
B u t t h i s f a u l t doe s n ot a p p l y t o t h e v ie w h el d b y a
i t s p r oduct

N y ay ik a for h e l oo k s u p on ( prag blz a v a) pr i or c o n d i ti o n a s t h e

e f c ie n t c a u s e in t h e p r od uc ti o n of a l l t h i n g s T h a t is t o s ay as
for a j a r t o be p r oduce d a p otte r rev ol v i ng w h ee l a n d s t ic k a re
t h e i n s t ru m e n t a l c a u s e s i m il a rl y t h e pr i or c on di t i on of a j a r is
it s c a u s e
I n t h e s a m e w a y in refere n ce t o t h e pr odu ct ion of a ll
ob j ect s t h ei r p ri or c on d i t i on is a c a u s e
N ow t h i s p r i or c o n d i ti on
of a j a r re s i de s in it s m a ter i a l c a u s e cl a y ) a n d n ot el s e wh e re a n d
(
t h a t of oil in t h e s ee d bea r i n g i t ( s e e sa m u m ) an d n ot in a n y
t h i n g el s e s o on w e n d e ac h a n d ever y ob j ect re s i d i ng ( p ote n ti a ll y )
in t h a t p ri or c on d i ti on i n it s re s p ecti ve m a ter i a l c aus e a n d n ot i n
a n y t h i n g e l s e h e n ce cl ay p roduce s a ar etc
a n d n ot o il s i m l a rl
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oil s ee ds p r od u ce oil a n d n ot a a r a n d s o o n
T
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d i ffe re nce bet wee n a c au se an d its
p r oduct i m pl ie s n ei t h e r
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b e i ng expl ai n e d T h e c om mon accep t an ce o f s el f an d p arti
c u l ar i n d i c ati on o f 1 is be i n
g i l l u s tr ate d by re fere n ce to o r d i
n a ry u s ag e
I n o r di n a ry p r act i ce we n d S el f ( s ay a m u se d
)
i n a v ar iety o f ex p re s s i on s al way s att ach e d t o a w or d as
D e v adatta ( h im ) s el f g oe s y ou ( y ou r s e l f s e e I
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M o re o ver as an ex p re s s i ve an tece de n t is or di n ari l y
40

att ac h e d al m o s t e very w h ere as

th i s s i l ve r
t h i s c l o th
39

ro m
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45
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B u t th i s i l l u s ory attr i but i on of re s e m b l an c e or
52
is a p r oduct of i g n or an ce c on s e q ue n tl y
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51

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th at to admit t h e c ont i n u an c e of i l l u sory attr i b u t i on c re ate d
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55
after th e c au s e is de st r oye d it s pr oduc t re s t s for a l i ttl e ti m e
on ly b ut t o adm i t s uc h d ur ati on t o a l e n g th e n e d p er i od acc or d
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of wh i c h a c l o th is p r o duce d b e de s tr oye d t o s ay th at t he
cl oth e sc ape s d e s truct i on for a s h or t t i m e b e c o rre c t , acc or d
ing t o a T ark ik a t h e n w he n t h e c au s e of err or wh i c h r an g e s
for an i nde n i te l e n g th of t i me is de s tr oye d for its p r odu c t
t o re s t for a l e n g the n e d p er i od is n ot u nn atur al b e c au s e t o
al l ow adequ ate t i m e t o a t h i n g ac c or d i n g t o its s p ac e of dur a
t i on i s c l e arl y mai n t ai n ab l e
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56
w i th the ob j ec t of e st ab l i s h i ng a l e n g t h e n e d s t ay af te r t h at of
th e T ark ik a s m ome n t ary dur at i on b ut t o s h e w th at i f h e wi l l
o n ly c i te p r oof s wh i c h are n ot adm i ss i b l e b ut i m ag i n ary the n
why are we t o ab st ai n fr om th e te st i m ony of S r u t z wh i c h
ap p e al s to exp er i e n c e an d i n v o l v e s n o c on tr ad i ct i on ?
H e n c e t h er e n ee ds b e n o m ore ar g u i n g wi th th e dis
57
h one s t T ark ik a b ut i t is p r oper th at we s h ou l d h ave rec our s e
t o re as on for in th e af ore s ai d way t h e S r u t z h as deter m i n e d

th e m i st ake of th e u ni f or m I n tel l i g e nc e i n di c ate d by se lf

wi t h i n di v i du al I n te l l i g e n c e i n di c ate d by I an d i m ag i n e d t o
b e one
A n d th ou g h th at i de n t i ty is only b e i ng c on cei ve d in
58
e rror ,
ye t s i mp l e ar g u ment is en t i r el y p owe rl e ss to cl e ar t h i s
be

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74
m i s t ake

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th e op p os i n g s ect s u n ab l e t o stu dy th e S r a l a
r e g ul ar l y in a c on s ecut i ve man n e r m i s app reh e n d t h e S up re m e
Sel f in an i n fi n i te v ar i ety of way s an d i n c ap ab l e of r i g h tl y
i n terp reti ng th e S r u / z c i te at r an dom s uc h text s w h i c h t h ey
f an cy s u p p ort th e m w i t h ou t c on s i der i n g t h ei r app l i c ab i l i ty
60
Th e dul l e s t am on g st t h e L 0k ay al s * s ay s fr om th e
59

'

t h e rw i s e c a l l e d S u ny a v adi n s a n d
T h e y c on d e m n e d a l l cere m on i a l
C h a rv a k a s were as e t of h e re t ic s
r i te s i n clu d i n g eve n t h e S r a dlz a o r r i t e s p erfo r m e d in c on n ect i on
w i t h d e a t h o n t h e occ a s i on of p a re n t s b y a s on w i t h out w h i c h n o
H i n d u ca n be s a i d t o be puri e d f rom t h e i m puri t y of d e a t h I t
w oul d a ppe a r t h e y w e re m a te ri al i s t s a n d a t h ei s t s
l ook i ng up on
t h e p re s en t ex i s t e n ce a s t h e b e s t t h e y w ere of op i n i on t h a t w ea l t h
a n d g r a t i c a t i on of d e s i re a re t h e h i g he s t e n d s w h i c h a m a n
T h ei r
s h oul d pur s ue a n d t h ere is n o o t h er e x i s t e n c e be y on d t h i s
p r i nci p a l te n et s w e re a c co rd i n g t o C ol e b r ook e ( I ) t h e i de n ti t y o f
a s a n e le m e n t
s el f w i t h t h e p hy s i ca l b ody ( 2 ) r e j ec ti on o f et h e r
( 3) a d m i s s i on of percept i on a l on e a s a m a n s o f pr oof T h e y
w ere c a lle d S u n ya v a din s b e ca u s e t h e y exp ou n de d t h e d oct r i n e of

n ot h i n
g pr e c ee d i n g e v e r y t h i n g ; in s h o r t fr o m n ot h i n g h a s bee n
z a r v a k as
r te a c h er
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e le m e n t s re

I am a m a n
T h e s ub j e c t o f t h e p e rc e p t i on o f E g o i s m is s el f

I a m fa t
I a m le a n
I a m a B r a h m a n etc H ere t h e
p hy s i c a l b od y is perc e i ve d a s t h e s ub j ect of E g oi s m a n d is a c
c ord in l
g y t a k e n for a m a n or h is q u a l i t i e s of c o rp u l e n ce a n d o f
B r a h m a n etc
H e n ce t h e b ody is s elf o r w h a t is t h e s ub j e ct of
s u pr e m e a ff e c t i on is s e lf
I n t h i s w a y a s a w i fe s on a n d t h e r e s t
a re c o n d u c i ve t o t h e w e ll b e i n
g of t h e b ody a n d i t is t h e s e a t of
t h e h i g h e s t a ff e cti on c ons e q u e n tl y t h e s u bj ect of t h e i n d i ca ti ons
of t h a t extre m e l o ve t h e b ody
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up p or t i t c i te th e S ru tz text wh i c h ex p l ai n s
th e f oodful s ac
T h i s f oodful s ac is th e S up re me S e l f

I am th e Sup re m e S e l f
an d
61

A n d to

t h e b ody is a s i n s e n t ie n t a s a j a r c on s e q ue n t l y i ns e n
t ie n c y is it s n or m a l c on d i t i on a n d h e n ce i t is n ot s e l f
I f t h e p hy s i c a l b ody w ere i d e n t ic a l w i t h s e l f w e w oul d n e ve r
h a v e fi x e d o u r bel ief in t h e i de n t it y of t h e b od y o f o u r m a n h ood
w i t h t h a t of o u r y out h t h ou g h t h e y a re d i ff e re n t f rom e a c h o t h e r
a n d w h e n a per s o n wh o h a d s ee n u s in o u r b oyh ood c om e t o s e e
a fter a n a b s e n ce o f s ever a l y e a r s w h e n w e h a ve a tt a i n e d m a n
h ood h e for th e s a k e of rec og n i ti on reca l l s t o our m e m ory a fe w

I n dee d t h a t a m I
l e ad i ng i n ci d e n t s of t h e p a s t a n d w e ex c l a i m
A s t h i s is a c om mo n i n ci de n t t h eref ore t h e b ody is no t s elf
Fu rt h er s i nce t h e b ody is s ub j ec t t o b i r t h a n d dea t h p r i o r t o it s
b ei n g b or n or s ub s e q u e n t t o d ea t h i t is n on exi s te n t c on s e q ue n t
B ec a u s e t h a t w iil
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of d e s truct i on o f a ct i on s
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t h e m a re i na ppl ic able T h a t is to s ay i f t h e a ct i on s pe rfo r m e d
i n l ife w ere t o p r odu c e n o re s ul t in t h e a b s e n ce of s e lf w h o is n o
a p e r s on w ou l d t h e n ce as e t o p r a c t i s e
a g e n t a n d i n s tru m e n t
w or k s e n j oi n e d in t h e V e das a n d w e s e e t h e c on t r a r y t o be f ac t
T h e n a g a i n for t h e ex i s ti n g d i ff e re n ce o f s elf of b oyh ood w i t h
t h a t of p ri m e w h e n a p e r s on h as re a d t h e V e d as in h is y out h a n d
b oyh ood s h ou l d e n j oy n o fru i t s s ub s e q u e n t t o t h a t per i od e it h e r
i n pri m e or old a g e ; s i m i l a rl y a l l w o r k s d on e in t h e p re s e n t l i fe
s h oul d yi el d him n o re s ul t s t h u s t h e a d m i s s i on o f d e s t ruct i on o f
w or k s don e a l re a dy a n d t h e i r u n pr od ucti v e n e s s is i n j ur i o u s a n d
in a pr e v i ous b i rt h fr o m a n ab s e n ce of a d oer or a g e n t n o a cti on s
c ou l d be d on e s o t h a t in t h e p re s e n t l ife w h a t e v e r a p e r s o n h a s t o
e n j oy o r s u ff e r s h oul d be e q u a ll y t h e c a s e w i t h a l l a n d t h e re s h a l l
be n o c a u s e of t h e p rev a il i ng d i ff e re n ce a s t o h a ppi n e s s or w oe in
i t s v a ri ou s s h ad e s a s we a c tu a ll y n d t o be t h e c as e
on e is
h a p p y a s e co n d m i s er a ble a t h i rd be s et w i t h difii c u l t ies s o t h a t
i t is i m p os s i bl e to ac k n ow le dg e t h e frui ti on of a ct i on s n ot don e
an d al on g w i t h i t t h e a s s u m p t i on of t h e b od y bei n g s el f
an d

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'

P A N C H A D AS L

6 2 6 3 A n oth er L olaay ata

t h e ( f ind A l ma) o r L i fe s ou l t h e

77

i c e wi t h th e ex i t o f
b ody d i e s an d s i n ce E g oi sm
is pl ai n ly d i scer n i b l e i n t h e o r g an s s e n s ory an d acti ve
t h e m wo r ds an d act i on s are p r oduce d t h ey ( the
an d by
T h u s d o i n g away w it h t h e as s ert i on
o r g an s) repre s e n t S el f
l ast m e n ti on e d of t h e b ody b e i ng Sel f
64
T o adm i t t h i s is n ot h i n g i n c on s i ste n t ; th ou g h i n
w or ds an d th e re s t o f ac t i on s I n tel l i g e n ce is n ot c l e arly d is ce r
n ib l e
y et we c an n ot t ak e th e m for i n se n t i e n t obj ec t s con se
que n tly ( to a cert ai n exte n t ) i t is al l owab l e
[ T h at is t o s ay I n tel l i g e n c e b ei n g t h e i n di c at i on or s i g n
of s el f
th e o r g an s as t h ey s h e w s i g n s o f i n tel l i g e n c e can
j u stly b e re g ar de d as s el f T h i s i s wh at an oth er C h an / aka
th e
s ay s but i t i s f al l ac i ou s b ec au s e s el f is th at w i th out wh i c h
b ody c ann ot l as t ; in th e c ase of th e or g an s of s e n se an d
he
act i on we n d a per s on m ay b e b l i n d or de af yet l i v i n g
m ay b e p ar aly s e d h is h an ds an d feet are dep r i ve d of act i on
an d p r og re s s i on
h e m ay b e du m b y et l i v i n g c on seque n t l y
s el f i s s om eth i n g d i s t i n ct fr om t h e s e n s ory an d acti v e or g an s

Th ey c i te in s up p ort t h e exp re ss i on I h e ar
I see
I am

b l i n d etc B u t i t is to b e r e m e mb ere d th e fi r st p er s onal

p r on ou n u se d i n c onn ect i on wi th t h at h e ar i ng s i g h t et c
e st ab l i s h e s t h e p os se ss i on of t h e n ece ss ary or g an s w i t h w h i c h
t h e se ver al fu n c ti on s are c arr i e d on c on seque n tl y wh e n i t is

I h e ar etc i t m e an s I h ave e ar s t o h e ar or I se e
s ai d
.

s n

sa s

cc ord i n g t o C h a rv a k as t h e c h ief or ul te r ior a im of

h u m an i t y c on s i s t s i n e a t i n g d re s s i ng e t c b u t i t is n ot s o bec a u s e
a de s i re for a t h i n g c on s ti t u te s a n ul t e ri o r a i m or s u p re m e pu rp ort
a n d a s ever y on e is d e s i ro u s of a c q u i i n g h a p p i n e ss a n d re m o v i n g
m i s e r y n e c e s s a il y t h a t d e s i re is t h e s u p re m e purp ort of h u m a n i t y
a n d t h e h i g h e s t of t h a t f e l ici t y a n d e x tr e m e d e s t ruct i on of m i s er y

B u t e n j oy m e n t c a n n ot
is c a lle d e m a n ci p a ti on i n t h e S z dh a n ta
b e r an k e d w i t h t h i s ul ter i or a im for i t is a p t t o t a k e a n extre m e
tur n a n d t h ere is n o l i m i t for i t n eit h er ca n dea t h be t a ke n in
t h e li g h t of e m anci p a t i on
N ow

'

78

P A N C H AD A S L

"

eye s an d n ot
I am t h e ey e
I am th e e ar

T h u s t h e n t h e p ercep t i on of ( sub j ect of E g o i s m ) I in con

n e ct io n w i t h t h e o r g an s of s e n s e i s q u i te d i s ti n ct fr om th e m ;
t h e n ag ai n i f t h ei r i de n ti ty b e sou g h t t o b e p r o ve d b y s i m i l ar
M y s i g h t is i n d i ff ere n t
M y h e ar i n g
o t h er ex p re ss i o n s as

i s ac tu te
by s h e w i n g a n att ac h m e n t of s i g h t etc w i th own
s el f
i t is s i m pl y a m i sappl i c at i on for t h e c og n i s er is d i ff er
b ei n g t h e c og n i ser is di ff ere n t
e n t fr om c og n i ti o n an d s el f
M ore ov er in m e n t al ab str act i on or
fr om s i g h t h e ar i n g etc
n e i t h er do e s h e h e ar
a p er s on s ee s n ot
ab s e n c e of m i n d
t h ou g h h is s i g h t an d h e ar i n g are p erfe c t t h ere f o re we m ay
l ay down t h e i n s e n t i e n cy o f s e n sory or g an s a n d w h at is
i n s e n ti e n t c an n ot b e s i m i l ar t o s el f I n c on n ect i o n w i t h i t in
a de ad b o dy th e o r g a n s o f s e n s e an d act i on are a l l p re s e n t
y et they are i n se n ti e n t
Further i t m ay b e e n q u i re d wh eth e r on e o r g an is s el f or
wh eth er th e i r c ol l ec ti ve t ot al i ty is s o or th ey are s o m an y
T h e r s t is qu i te u n te n ab l e for i f i t b e s ai d
d i ff ere n t s e l ve s
t h at a s i n g l e or g an is s el f a p er son s h oul d die o r b e in se n t i
e n t w h e n t h at is wan ti n g ; yet t h e f ac t i s o th er wi s e s i m i l arly i f
th e c ol l ect i v e ag g re g ate of o r g an s b e r e g ar de d i n t h at l i g h t
t h e n in the de s truct i on of on e s i ng l e o r g an al l th e re st s h oul d
e q u al ly b e de str oye d an d th e i r s h oul d b e n e i th er l i fe n or ia
t e l l ig e n ce ; m o re ove r i f e ac h o f th e m were so m an y d i ff ere n t
s e l ve s t h e n l i ke t e n el ep h an t s t i e d t o o n e tre e b re ak i n g i t
asu n der t h e b ody w i l l b e s i m i l arly aff e c te d b y de s i re s or i g i n
ati n g w i th e ach o f th e s e s e l ve s ]
65
A wor s h i ppe r of H z rany ag arb/z a s ay s as l i fe c on t i n ue s
w i th re s p i r ati on th ou g h t h e eye s an d th e re s t of th e o r g an s
"
m ay b e de s troye df
66
A n d as after al l th e or g an s etc are e n g r os se d in
s l eep r e s p i r at i on ( v i t al ai r s ) al on e c on t i n ue an d as it s sup e
w i th

my

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P A N C H A D AS I .

79

th e re st h as b ee n m e n ti one d di sti nc t l y in s ever al

p l ace s i t is th e re f ore h is S el f
[ B u t P r am is n ot s el f B e c au s e l i ke th e ab se n ce of m ot i on
in t h ee xter n al air w h e n th e re is n o re s p irat ie n g oi n g o n
de at h doe s n ot f o l l ow we n d p l an t s do n ot re s p i re * l i ke o u r
s el ve s yet th ey c o n t i n u e t o g r ow an d p re s er ve t h e i r v i t al i ty ;
i n re g ar d to an i m ate d b e i n g s i t c an n ot b e sai d t h at re s p i r at i on
re i n st an ce s whe n i t
e
ur
i
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fter
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et
th
ere
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o
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d
o
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a
g
g
i s s u s p e n de d an d v i t al i ty is s ee n t o c on t i n ue ; m ore ov er in
s l eep P ra m; l s aw ak e ye t
i f i t were i n tel l i g e n ce or s el f i t
s h oul d s h o w th e u s u al c i v i l i ti e s t o a n e w c om e r rel ate d t o a
p er s on whe n h e arr i ve s at h is h o u s e wh i l e s l eep i n g t h at i t
doe s n ot n or d o e s i t p reve n t a th i ef wh e n h e r ob s h im in
s l eep ; h e n ce i t is n ot s el f
b ut i n se n t i e n t an d u n c on s c i ou s
I t is c on te n de d by t h e su pp orter s of P ram th at wi th its ex i t ,
d e ath f ol l ows th e re f ore i t is s el f
B u t t h i s doe s n ot h ol d true
B ec au s e w i t h t h e de p arture [ c e ss ati on of th e s ec ret i on ] of
g as tr i c j u i ce a m an l o s e s h is ap pet i te was te s an d di e s an d we
m ay as w el l c al l i t s el f
M ore ove r t h e s uper i or i ty of P ran a
m e n t i on e d in t h e V e da is on l y w i th a v i e w of p r oduc i n g an
i n cl i n ati on t o on e e n g ag e d in d ev o t i on al exerc i se s I f i t b e
s ai d t h ere are S r u t z text s w h i c h c l e ar ly de n ote P ram t o b e
se l f
b u t i n as m uc h as s i m i l ar te xt s are al so f ou n d in co nn e c
t i on w i t h t h e m e n t al sac c on se q ue n tl y on e is c on tr adi cte d by
th e oth er h e n ce i t is n ot m e an t so ; b ut i t s er v e s t o e st ab l i s h
t h e n on d i ff ere n c e of t h e ab i di n g i n tel l i g e n ce se ate d in t h e m
w i t h B r ah m a ]
67
M i n d wh i c h is m ore i n ter n al th an P r am: i s sai d b y
its s up p orter s t o b e s el f afte r
th e m ann e r o f N arad s
?
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P am /z aratra
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9

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80

P A NC H A D A S I

re g ar d m i n d in th at l i g h t
an d b e c au s e P ram is
n ot an ag e n t or i n s tru m e n t b u t m i n d is s o *
68
T h e S r u / z text s c o rr o b or at i n g th e v i e w o f m i n d as
s el f are p oi n te d
o u t t o s u pp or t th e m
M i n d is c i ther n
d ev oti on

'

M i n d is

e l f B ec a u s e in c on d i t i on s of t r a n c e a n d
s l e e p a n a b s e n c e of M i n d is pl a i n l y d i s c e r n ib le
N o w t h e A t ma
c a n n ever l e a ve a b od y w i t h ou t c a u s i n g
d e a t h t o i t but in t h e
a b se n t
c on d i ti on s w h e n a per s on rec o ve rs co n s c i ou s ne s s t h e
H e n c e M i n d is
M i n d is ag a i n r e s t o re d t o i t s o ri g i n a l c o n d it io n
s a i d t o b e i n s e n t i e n t n a tur a ll y a n d is n ot s e l f
I n p r oof w e m ay
c i te t h e e x pr e s s i on w h e n fr om s om e ca u s e or o t h e r a per s o n is
h e s ays
I wa s
u n de r m e n t a l a b s tr act i on o n rec overi n g f ro m i t

T h oug h
w a n de r i n g in m y M i n d a n d h e n ce d id n ot h e a r y ou
a ll t h e t i m e h e was a pp a re n tl y l i s te n i n
g t o w h a t wa s bei ng s a i d
T h u s t h e n as M i n d is a p t t o be d i s turb e d s om eti m e s
t o h im
xe d a t ot h e rs u n s e t tle d i t is s om et h i n g d i ff e re n t f rom s elf w h o
M i n d is illu m i n e d b y t h e re ecti on o f i n tell i g e n ce
is a l wa y s fi xe d
fr om s elf not t h a t s e l f i m p a rt s s om et h i ng of h is o wn c on s ci ou s n e s s
o f h is ow n w ill for t h a t h e h a s n one a s h e is p as s i ve a n d a ct ion
le s s ; but l i k e a n ee dle a ttr acte d b y a m ag n et w h e n pl a ce d in

n
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i n u e nce d H e n ce i t is a n a g e n t
a re s i m il a rl y
t o on e a n ot h er
H ere a g a i n t h e re is d i ff e re n ce for as j us t s a i d
a n d i n s tru m e n t
S e lf is acti o n le s s a n d t h erefo re n ot a n a g e n t ( doer ) a n d in s t ru
m e n t w h ere a s M i n d is s o a n d is t h e c a u s e of b on dag e a n d
e m a nci p a ti on B u t i t m ay be a s k e d h o w ? T h e re p l y is in
p r op orti on as y ou beg et a d e s i re for m a ter i a l p ros peri ty t h e m ore
a re y ou e n t ice d t o s e a r c h a ft e r i t a n d t h a t s ub j e ct s y ou t o re b i rt h
w h il e o n t h e ot h er h a n d a fte r h a v i n g a sc e r t a i n e d t h e u n re a l i t y of
t h e ob j ect i ve wo rl d w h e n wit h d u e d e l i b e r a t i on y ou ce as e t o h a ve
'

b y t h e m ea n s
a n y c oncer n for i t a n d i n cre as e y ou r s p i r i tu a l i t y
'

y our k n owle dg e de s tr oy s t h e accu m ul a t e d a n d

o f k n o wl e dg e
c u rre n t wor k s le a v i ng a l on e t h e f ru c te s c e n t for y ou r c ons u m
m a t i on in l i fe s o t h a t w h e n y o u p a rt w i t h t he b ody y o u e n ter i n t o
t h a t bl i s s f u l s t a te w h os e s ol e e s s e n ce is j oy a n d w h ic h n o e y e s
h a ve s e e n n or ear s h e a r d a nd M i nd can f or m no a de q u a te
c onc e p ti on of
n ot

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P A NC H A D AS I

'

8r

p er son s b on dag e or th at of h is rel e ase

S i tu ate d i nter n al to t h e v i t al s h e ath s el f di st i nc t fr om it is

Th eref or e M i n d is s e l f
f u l l of m i n d
S ome B u ddhi s t s affi r m I n tel l e c t s i t u ate d more i n ter
69
T h ey say i n tel l e c t wh i ch is t r an
n al ly th an th e m i n d is s el f
s i e n t i n dur ati on i s r e g ar de d b y it s s up p orter s t o b e s el f
and
e s t ab l i s h its i n ter n al p os i t i on i n t h i s m an ne r
b ec au s e t he
c au s e of c og n i t i on by th e m i n d is du e t o i nt e l l e ct and t h at is
e v i de n t
I f k n owl e dg e or c og n i t ion an d th e p re di c ate of th e
70

wor d
m i n d n am ely i n t e r n al or g an were on e h ow can
th ere b e s ai d t o e x i s t b e t wee n t h e m a re l ative c on dit i on of
c au se an d e ff ec t ? H e n ce th e i r d i ff er e n c e i s b e i ng de s c r ibe d
T h e i nter n al o r g an h as t wo sort s of fu n c ti ons E g oi sm an d
T h i s ; of the m E g o i s m [ I am I ] is c al l e d c og n i ti on

an d Th i s M i n d

S i n c e wi th ou t t h e in ter nal p er c ept i on of E g oi sm

71

t h ere can b e n o s u c h k n owl e dg e as

T h i s is th ere f ore
I n tel le c t or c og n i ti on i s c al l e d t h e i n te r n al and c au se wh i l e
M i n d is th e e x ter n al and e ff e c t or ac t i on
S i nc e th at ( I n tel lect ) p e r c e p t i on of E g oi sm [ I am I ]
72
i s ap t t o r i s e an d d i s ap p e ar e v e ry mome n t i t is c al le d tr an
s itory an d s el f i l l u m i n ate d

c au s e of a

y s I n tel l ect or S p i ri tu al s oul is his s el f

A l l ob j ect s w h et h er ex ter n a l or i n ter n al a re mo ul de d a fte r k now
it
N ow t h i s k n owle dg e re s e m ble s a a s h of l i g h t n i ng
l e dg e
B
ut
a pe a r s a n d d i s a p p e a r s i n a m om e n t h e n ce i t is tr a n s ie n t
p
a s i t d i s c o ver s i t s el f a n d o t h er ob j e c t s i t is c a lle d s el f illu m i n e d
I t h as bee n c om p a re d t o t h e l i g h t of a l a m p a n d a ri ve r curre n t
w h ere w a ve a fter wa v e k eep s up t h e c on t i n ui t y ; k n owle dg e of a
r s t ob j ec t is d i s p l ac e d b y a s ec on d a n d t h a t b y a t h i r d a n d s o
h e n ce t h e curre n t of i n tellec t or k n owle dg e is o f t wo s ort s of
on
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a n d t h e o t h e r c on t i n u ou s ; t h e percepti on of

i
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a n ot h er f or m of B oodh z
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82

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t i on s con n e c te d w i t h t h i s
t h i s r i ver t h i s h ou s e
etc a re a ll i ns t a n ce s of t h e s ec on d ; t h e y rel a te t o e xte rn a l
T h e s ec ond or c on ti n u ou s o w f oll ow s t h e fi rs t or l oca l
ob j ect s
H e n ce t h e l oc a l ow of B oodle ? p roduce s t h e c on t i n u ou s w h ic h is
T h e re f ore t h a t o n e is s elf N ow t h e c on ti n u ou s ow
it s a ct i on

is n o o t h er t h a n M i n d t h eref o re e m a n ci p a ti on c on s i s t s in d w e ll
in g up on or c on c e n t r a ti n g t h e m i n d on B oodh z a n d t o be o n e
B ut th is
w i t h i t t h ereb y xi n g t h e t ra n s i e n t ow of t h e i n tellect
v ie w is ob j ecti o n a ble F or
t h e a cti on of k n ow le dg e in t h e
percep ti on of f or m t as te s m ell e t c l i k e t h e s e n s ory o r g a n s e y e s
bei n g t h e m e a n s for a s cert a i n i n g a ct i on I n tellec t is
a n d t h e re s t
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k n ow s i t w h ic h a s cert a i n s or c og n i s e s a l l
is s e l f a n d a s h e is n a tur all y l u m i n ou s
ob j ect s t o a cert a i n t y
T h a t is t o s ay l i k e t h e s u n w ho is
h e is a l wa y s s elf illu m i n a te d
t h e d i scoverer or illu m i n a t o r of a l l ob j e ct s w h ic h a re t h eref ore
s a i d t o be d i s c o vere d or illu m i n a te d b y h i m w e h a ve a s i m i l a r
c on d i ti o n a l d i ff ere n c e bet w ee n Self a n d I n t e l lect ( B oodh z ) ; S elf
A s t h e l i g h t of
is i llu m i n a t i on a n d I n tellect illu m i n a t e d b y Self
a l a m p c over s o r t a k e s p os s e s s i on of a j a r or a n ot h e r o b j ect a n d
d i s c o ver s i t t h e t wo a re m i x e d t h o u g h n a tur a ll y t h e y a re d i s t i n ct
s i m il a rl y S elf w h o is c on s c i ou s n e s s is bl e n d e d w it h I n tellec t s o a s
t o bec om e o n e a n d t h i s t w i n m e dl e y is t h e m e a n s of percept i on
f r om w h i c h c og n i t i o n f oll ow s t h ou g h n a t u r a ll y t h e y a re d i s ti nc t
fr om e a ch o t h e r A n d a s f rom a d i ff e re nc e i n occ u p a t i on t h e
s am e
B r a h m a n a m ay be d e s i g n a te d s ep a r a tel y a re a der a n d
c ook s i m il a rl y t h e i n ter n a l o rg a n w h ic h is a pr od u c t of t h e g ood
q u a li t y of t h e n o n q ui n t u p l ic a t e d e l e m e n t s et h e r a n d t h e r e s t for
i t s c e rt it u de is c a ll e d I n t e ll e c t a n d for it s a ct i on o f dou b t a n d
re sol uti on is de s i g n a te d ( M a n a ) M i n d c on s e q ue n tl y t h e d i v i s i on
of t h a t i n ter n a l o r g a n i n t o I n tell e c t a n d M i n d for t h ei r s ep a r a te
fu n c ti on s of i n ter n al a n d ex ter n a l ob j e ct s o f I a n d t h i s is n ot
fe a s ible
I n r e fere n ce t o t h e t r a n s i e n t n a ture of k nowle d e t h e a r u
g
g
m e n t s a dd u c e d b y its s up p or t e rs do n ot s t a n d a s e a rc h i n
g
s c rut i n y
F or i f Sel f be l i able t o de s truct i on ev e ry mom e n t in
.

'

34

P A N C H AD A S I

b ut N oth i ng
p e rce i ve d

is

se

lf

w i t h out

as

it

th er th i ng

n ot an o

can

be

A nd

'

upp ort t he S ru t z text

B e f ore t h e
e v ol uti on of th e wo rl d th e re was p re s e n t n ot h i n g
an d
k n owl e dg e an d it s s ubj ect
he
n om e n a are on ly i l l u s i on s
p

f
c re ate d on n ot h ing
F or th e asserter s
B u t t h i s as s ert i on i s i nad m i ss i bl e
76

m ai n t ai n t h e u n re al i ty o f t h e w orl d wh i ch th ey
o f n oth i n g
s ay t o b e a s i m p le i l l u s i on ; b ut i l l u s i o n m u s t ab i de o n s om e

th i n g r e al an d in t he ab s e n c e of th at s i t e in N ot h i n g for

n ot h i n g
c an n ot b e adm i t
an i l l u s i on t o ar i s e c on s e q u e n tl y

t e d t o b e th e s ource ; m o re ov er n o th i ng al s o s t an ds i n n ee d
o t h er w i s e
it c an n o t p oss i b l y
of I n tel l i g e n c e as a w i t n e s s
h ave any p owe r or f o rc e [ T o c i te an apt i l l u s tr ati on s o
freque n tl y m ade u se of in V e dant i c wr i t i n g s l et u s t ak e th e

s n ake in a rope
H ere t h e s ite of th e s n ak e
i n st an c e of
75

c i te

in

M a dhy a m i k a B u ddh i s t

c a l ls

N ot h i ng

el f b e c au s e
a re
l i k e n ot h ing c on s e q ue n tl y
s el f a nd t h i n g s d i s t i n ct f rom s e lf
it is t h e p r i n c ip a l
for t h e re s e mbl an ce o f al l ob j ect s w i t h no t h i ng
I n p rofou n d s l u m ber a per s on l os es all c ons c i ou s n e s s of
e n ti t y
for o n r i s i n g f rom
e xter n a l ob j ect s a n d h e exper ie n ce s n ot h i n g

I k n e w n ot h i ng t h e n M or e ove r t o a w i s e per s on
s l e ep h e s a y s
t h e re m n a n t o f i g n or a n ce in t h e f o r m of t h e B l i s s ful s h e a t h is
B u t i t m ay be as k e d of him
s elf a s e m bl a n ce o f n ot h i n g
O r w h et h e r i t is
w h et h er h is n ot h i n g is w i t h o r w i t h o u t w it n e s s ?
I f t h e fi r s t t h e n t h a t w i t ne s s is s om et h i ng
s elf illu m i n a te d
d i ffere n t f rom n ot h i ng a n d n o ot h e r t h a n s el f ; t h e s ec on d c ou s i

n
w ill be a c o n t r a d ict i on a n d t h e t h i r d
a
w
s
r
t
i
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
i
t
es
d e a on
B ra h m a b y a n ot h e r
v ie w o f s elf m a n ife s t a b il it y on l y e s t a bl i s h e s

n ot h i n g
a l t og et h e r
Th e n ag a i n t h e S ru ti
n a m e a n d re m o ve
tex t C i te d b y h im f rom t h e C h h a n a og y a Upa n is h a d t h a t N ot h i ng

d oe s
w a s pre s e n t b e fo re t h e w orl d wa s u s h e r e d i n t o e xi s te n ce
I t doe s n ot h el p h is pos iti on I t h as b e e n p u rp os el y
n ot a p pl y

i n t roduce d t o do a w a y w i t h t h e a s s erti on of p rior c on d i ti on

a n d V a is h e s ik a
B udd h i s t as a n
a c k n ow le dg e d b y a N a iy a y i k a
e ffi c ie n t c au s e for t h e w orl d
h is

'

85

P AN C H A D A S L

r ope an d wh e n a per son i mag i n e s h e s ee s a snak e th at

i l l u s i on re q u i re s t h e p re s e n ce o f t h e r op e ; w i t h ou t s ee i n g i t
We h av e t h eref ore a r e al
t h ere c an b e n o m i s t ak e o f s n ak e
r o p e ex i sti n g on t h e g r ou nd o n w h i c h is p r oj ect e d t h e f o r m
f o rc e o f i g n or an ce ; an d
o f a s n ak e t h r o u g h th e e n vel o p i n g
th at s n ake is n o actu al c re at i on b ut s i m ply a s uperi m p o s i t i on
for i f i t we re s o a l i g ht h el p i n g u s t o k n ow w h at t h e t h i n g
l y i n g in fr on t is d i s p el s i t ; t h i s w i l l b e c l e arl y i mp os s i b l e

H e n ce i t is s ai d i f n ot h i n g is t h e re al e n t i t y an d p h e n om e n a
are i l l u s i on s c re ate d o n n o th i n g
l i ke t h e s n ake in r o pe th at
n oth i n
g m u s t h ave som et h i n g re s ti n g o n t h e b ack g r ou n d ; for
t h e re can b e n o i l l u s i o n o n n oth i n g as t h e re c an b e n o s n ak e
w i th out a rope etc
T h e n ag ai n w h o di s c o ver s n oth i ng ? I t
c ann ot d i s c o ver i t s el f i n tel l i g e n ce i s n ee de d for th at p urp os e
h e n c e th e re al e n t i ty i s i n tel l i g e n ce an d t h e obj ect i ve w orl d
an i l l u s i on o n i n tel l i g e n c e ]
Theref o re i f Sel f w ere t o b e ack n owl e dg e d as I n te l l i g e n c e
w h at is d i ff ere n t fr om th e c og n i ti on al s h e ath an d mos t in
t rin s ical l y s i tut ate d an d ex i s te n t t oo th e B l i ss ful s h e ath is
s el f
T h i s is th e i n s tructi on g i ve n in th e Vedas
T h u s h av i n g she wn th e c on te n t i on ab out t h e n atu re
78
of S el f h is s i z e is n ow b ei n g decl are d t o b e equ al ly d i s pute d
by th e s ever al s c h ool s of th ou g h t S om e of th e m s ay s el f is
at o m i c i n s i z e
s om e l ar g e
an d ot h er s i n ter m e di ate re s t i n
g
t h e i r i n di vi du al asserti on s on S r u z z text s an d re ason
A s e t of di s se nter s k n o wn by th e n am e of M adhy a
79
m i k as re g ar d s el f t o b e equ al in s i z e t o an at om b e c au s e h e
p er v ade s in th e n e s t c ap i l l ar i e s wh i c h are n o b i g g e r t h an a
h ai r d i v i de d i n t o a th ou s an d
is

9"

t h i s s t a te me n t of t h e a t om ic s i z e of s e lf is u n te n abl e ;
for i n t h a t c a se h e w ill b e c on fi n e d w i t h i n a s ma ll S p a ce i n o n e
p a rti cul a r p a rt of t h e b ody c on s e q u e n t ly a pe rs on w il l fe e l n o
p a i n a l l ove r h is b ody in t h e c as e of ill n es s S elf is a k n ow e r
h e a l on e h a s c o ns ci ou s n e s s s o t h a t t o fe e l p a i n i n t h e feet a s
w ell as in t h e h e ad at on e ti me cle a rl y doe s a way w i t h h is a t om ic
B ut

86

P A N C H AD A S L

80

i nn u mer ab l e p as sag e s to th at e ff ec t oc c ur
Se l f is n e r th an an at om an d sub tl er th an t h e

B e c au se

'

in

th e S ru / z

s ub tl e s t
H ere is an oth e r i l l u str at i on fr om th e
8r
p u rp os e
T h e f o rep art of a s i n g l e h ai r whe n
.

'

S ru l z

th e
d i v i de d i n t o
to

t h e n it s p a rti s a n s a ll e g e a s t h e s we e t s ce n t of a owe r
o r m u s k is d i ff u s e d a t a d i s t a n ce f rom t h e s p ot w h e re s uc h ow e r
o r m u s k is k e p t ; s i m i l a rl y in s p i t e of h is a t om i c s i z e
s e l f is
d i ffu s e d a l l ove r t h e b od y h e n ce ei t h e r p a i n o r pl e a s u re c a n be
e q u a ll y fel t in t h e h e a d a nd f e et a t o n e t i m e t h o u g h t h e y a re
d i s t an t f ro m e a c h o t h e r but t h i s is a m i s t a k e
B e c a u s e oil s ee ds
pl ac e d in a j a r w ill n ot ll i t w i t h o il a n d i t is in t h e n a tu re o f a
q u a l i t y t o re m a i n c on fi n e d w i t h i n t h e b ody w h os e q u a l i t y i t is
h e nce ex ter n a l t o S e lf t h ere c a n n o t be a ny q u a l i t y of c on s c i ou s
T h e n a g a i n i t c a n n ot be m a i n t a i n e d l i k e a s a n da l p a s te
n es s
feet p r odu c i ng a ple a s u ra b le f e e l i n g of cool n e s s
a p p l ie d t o t h e
a l l o ve r t h e b ody t h e c o n s ci ou s n e s s o f Sel f c o n n e d i n on e p a rt i
c u l a r re g i on of t h e b ody d i ffu s e s i t se lf a ll ov e r a n d per v a d e s i t
B ec a u s e in t h e c a s e o f s a n da l t h e w a te ry p a rt i cl e s
e ver y w h ere
re fr in e ra t in
o f t h e p a s te a re a b s orbe d i n t o t h e b ody t h u s
g
g th e
bl ood a n d pr oduci n g t h e s e n s a t i on of c ool n es s s o t h a t t h e re is
q u a l i t y p re s e n t in s a n d a l it is on l y t h e w a te r
n o re frin g e ra t in g
w i t h wh ic h i t is m i x e d t h a t h as i t n ece s s a ri l y t h e ref o re t h e illu s
T h e n a g a i n t h e y s ay
t ra t ion is n ot a n a p t o n e but ext re m e
l i k e t h e l i g h t of a l a m p illu m i na ti ng t h e i n teri or of a r oom con
s c iou s n e s s o f s elf illu m i n e s b y d i ff u s i n g or pe r v a d i n g a l l p a rt s of
t h e b ody t h ou g h h e m ay be c on n e d w i t h i n t h e n a rr ow e s t l i m i t
E ve n t h i s is o pe n t o ob j ecti on
F or s el f
in on e p a rticul a r p a r t
i n t h a t c as e w ill be v i s ible a n d h a ve a f o r m l i k e t h e l a m p b o t h
s ub j ec t
o f w h ic h w i ll r e d u c e h im t o t h e c on d i ti on o f a n u n re a l i t y
T h u s t h e n s elf is n ot a t om ic in
t o d e s t ructi on w h i c h h e is n ot
siz e
T h e S r u t i t e xt s ci t e d b y t h e p a rt i s a n s of t h i s t h e or y h a ve
i n as m u c h a s t h e y w ere m e a n t to i m p re s s
o n l y b e e n m i s a p pl i e d
d u ll p e r s o n s w it h a n i de a of d ii c u l ty a s to t h e n a tu re of s el f
A s a t om s a re d ii c u l t of c om pr e h e ns i o n s o i s self d i ffi cul t of
perc e pti on
i e

s z

B ut

87

P A N C H A D AS L

h u ndre d p art s o ne fr act i on al h u n dre dt h on ly is an i n di vi du al

c ap ab l e of k n ow i n g s o ve ry s ub tl e is s el f
A n oth e r s ect c al l e d D ig am b ars s ay s el f is in te rme
83
di ate in s i z e b ec au s e c on sc i ou s n e s s is pre s e n t in ever y p ar t
of th e b ody
fr om h e ad t o f oot A n d for th e S r u t z t e x t z

T h i s s el f o cc u p i e s e ve n t h e ti p s of n ai l s
8 3 T h ou g h m e di u m in s i z e ye t h e i s c ap ab l e o f p e rvad
in g in th e c ap i l l ar i e s ; j u s t as i n t h e i n s t an c e of th e p h y s i c a l
b ody w h e n a p e r s on h as p asse d h is t wo h an ds in th e s l eeve s
of a c oat
h e i s s ai d t o c o ve r h is b ody w i t h i t so is th e
p erv as i on I c ap i l l ar i e s att r i b ute d t o s el f
B u t i t m ay b e o b j ecte d i f Sel f we re m e d i u m in s i z e
84
h e c oul d n ot e n te r t h e b ody of an an t w h i c h is s m al l an d an
e l eph an t wh i c h is a b ig an i m al fr om t h e f orce o f fructe s ce n t
work s ; theref o r e i t i s sai d th e e n try of S el f in th e b ody o f a
b i g g er or s m al l e r an i m al is du e t o a s mal l e r or g re ate r p arti cl e
thu s e s t ab
t o its s i z e
of s el f e n ter i n g t h at b o dy ac c or d i n g
l is h in g h is m e d i u m s i z e
85
B u t the attr i b u t i on of f or m in t h e m an n e r af ore s ai d
t o s el f w i l l re duce h im t o i m p e rm an e n c e l lk e a j ar etc
[ F or
n am e an d f or m are i n di c at i on s o f c re at i on an d th eref ore n o n
eter n al he n c e t h e v i e w of a D i g am b ar i s f au l ty as i t i mp l i e s
t h e de struct i on of work s wi t h o ut e n j oy i n g the i r re s ul t s ( of
v i rtue an d s in ) an d t h e ( acc i de n t al ) fru i ti on of m er i t an d
d e mer i t wi th ou t work s b e i n g p erf or me d
B oth t h e s e defect s
w i l l app ly t o s el f
86
T hu s th e n as b oth th e v i e ws of s el f in re g ar d to h is
s i z e exce ss i v ely m i n ute l i k e an at o m or i n ter m e d i ate are
defect i v e c on seque n tly w h at is n e i th e r s m al l n or m e d i u m is
m
ss
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n
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re
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A s t h e Vedas s ay
L i ke eth er h e is per v as i v e ; h e is ete r n al

H e is f or m l e ss an d ac ti on l e s s
8 7 L i k e h is s i z e th e i n tel l i g e n c e of S el f is equ al ly a s ub j ec t
S om e ack n owl e dg e h is i nt el l i g e n ce oth er s de n y
of c on te n t i on
i t wh i l e a th i r d say him to b e b oth i nte ll i g e n t and i nse nt i e n t
,

'

ll

88

P A N C H AD A S L

'

A c c or di n g t o a P ravaka m an d N az y ay z lea se l f is i n
88
b u t l i ke et h er p o s s e s s i n g th e pr oper ty o f sou n d h e
s e nt i en t
i s a b ody w i th k n ow l e dg e o r i n tel l i g e n ce for a qu al i ty
Th ey attr i b ute to h im oth er q u al i ti e s as
89
D e s i re S p i te e n de av ou r
v i rtue v i ce h app i n e ss an d
m i s ery an d i m p re s s i on
th
e
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l
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ti
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ab l e t o c o m e an d g o t h e
0
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9
ci rcu ms t an c e s u nder wh i c h t h ey appe ar an d d i sap pe ar an d
Wh e n s el f is com
t he i r c au s e are n ow b e i ng as cert ai n e d
b in e d w i th th e m i n d fr om t h e
i n ue nc e o f t h e u n s ee n
th e qu al i t i e s i n te l l i g e n ce etc ar i s e b u t in t h e
p r o f ou n d s l u mb e r i n g c on di t i on w h e n th e c on n ec t i on of m i n d
wi th s el f is c ut off th ey al s o are e fface d or w i p e d away
T h u s t h o u g h s el f is n atu r al ly i n s e n t i e n t ye t for h is
91
qu al i ty of i nte l l i g e nce h e can b e ack nowl e dg e d as se n t i e nt
k n owi ng or i n tel l i g e n t ; more o v e r t h e oth er qu al i ti e s de s i r e
l ik e w i s e e s t ab l i s h i t ; an d as h e is an ag e n t a
an d th e re s t
doer of v i rtue an d sin h e is th eref ore d i s t i n ct fr om I s war a
2
A
s h ap p i n e ss an d m i s ery are s omet i m e s p r oduce d in
9
s el f fr om g ood an d b ad ac t i on s perf o r m e d [du r i n g l i fe ] s o are
de si re and t h e re s t der i v e d fr om s i mi l ar ac t i on s in a pre vi ou s
l i fe
yet
i
t
n th i s m ann e r th ou g h s el f is al l p er v ad i n g
i
I
s
93
q ui te p oss i b l e for h im t o g o away w i th de at h an d b e r e b or n
in a fre s h b o dy as i s am pl y te s t i e d by t h e Veda wh e n i t

tre at s o f W o rk s

P
r a blz akar a an d
A
th e b l i ss fu l
T a rleika re g ar d
4
9
as th e i r s el f for i t re m ai n s e v e n in t h e pr of ou n d s l u m
s c ath
'

I f i t be a pp r e h e n de d s i nce Self is al l p e rv a d i ng h e c a n n ot
be s ub j ecte d to m ete m p s y c h os i s ; t h eref ore i t is s a i d t h e d e s i r es
etc of t h e pre s e n t b ody a re a p rodu ct of w or k s don e i n a p ri o r
a n d l i k e t h e s t a y o f S elf in t h e p re s e n t
s t a te of ob j e c t i ve l i fe
b ody a cti on s p e rform e d n ow w ill p r oduc e a futu re b ody w h e re t o
in p r op or ti on t o m er i t or d e m e rit
e xp e ri e n c e fel i c i t y or m i s er y
s el f h a s t o g o t o re h a b il i t a te it
-

>2

rx neu x u asi

89

beri ng c ondi t i on ; th ere fore S el f is an i n se n t i e n t b ody w i t h

i n tel l i g e n ce de s i re an d t h e re s t al re ady c i te d for h is
qu al i ti e s *
w
w
N
o
o
o
t
h
e
f
l
l
er s of B h att a ( B art ikk ara of t h e
5
9
P u m a j l f z ma ns a ) o r as th ey are c al l e d B h at re g ar d t h i s b l i s s
ful s h e at h wh i c h is th e i r s el f t o b e b ot h i n s e n ti e nt an d s e n t i e n t
For a per s on o n ri s i n g fr o m h is s l eep re m e m be r s t h at h e w as
s l eep i n g s o u n dl v an d k n e w n ot h i n
g t h e n a c o n diti on i n w h i c h
i g n or an ce [ i n s e n ti e n cy an d fel i c i ty b o t h are exp er i e n ce d b u
]
t
;
fo r t h i s re m e m b r an ce o f fel i c i t y
a c ert ai n am ou u t o f con
S C i ou s n e s s m u s t n ece s s ar i l y h a ve bee n p re s e n t
h e nce th e
A t ma is s ai d t o b e b Oth i n se n ti e n t an d s e n ti e n t
,

'

Bu t t h i s

of

t h e i rs is cl e a rl y u n t e n able ; for t o s ay
t h a t in p ro fo u n d s l u m be r t h e a b s e n ce o f c on s c i ou s n e s s p r ove s
is op p os e d t o i n d i vi d u a l ex p e r i e n c e ; fo r i f
s e lf t o b e in s t e n t ie n t
s u c h w e r e a fa c t a p e rs on o n ri s i n g f rom s l e e p w o u l d n e v e r h a ve
ex p r e s s e d I w a s s l e e pi n g h ap p i l y I k n e w n o t h i n g t h e n t h u s
a r e m n a n t of c on s c i o u s n e s s e n o u h t o l e a ve a n
cl e a rl y p ro v i n g
g
i m p re s s i on i n t h e m i n d of t h e s l e e p e r a s t o h is p e rc e p t i on of
h a p p i n e s s a c c o m p a n i e d w i t h i g n or a n c e
T h e n a g a i n in t h e
S r u t z S e l f is s a i d t o b e w i t h o u t a tt ri b u t e s ; t h e re fo re t o a tt ri b u te
d e s i re s p i t e v i rt u e e t c
w h i c h p ro p e rl y b e l o n g t o th e i n t e rn a l
is s i m pl y a d e lu s i o n
o rg a n
M o re o v e r a s t h e s a i d q u a l i ti e s
d e s i re a n d t h e r e s t b e l on g t o t h e i n t e r n a l o g a n w h i c h c o n t n u e s
i n w a k i n g a n d d r e a m i n g s l u m b e r c o n s e q u e n t ly p re s e n t t h e n ;
b u t in p r of o u n d s l u m b e r t h a t o rg a n is a b s e n t h e n c e t h e re is a n
a b s e n c e o f t h e q u a l i ti e s w h i c h m a r k i t it w ill t h u s b e f ou n d t h a t
t h e n a t u r a l i n f e r e n c e of w h a t h a s b e e n m e n ti on e d e s t a b l h e s t h e
i n t e r n a l o r g a n a n d n ot s e lf t o b e p o s s e s s e d w i t h t h e q u a l it i e s
d e s i re e t c
T he re is y e t a n ot h e r c o n s i de ra t i o n w h i c h p e cl u de s
t h e a p pl i ca bi l i t y o f t h e v i e w h e l d b y N a iy a y ik a s a n d I ra b h a k a s :
in t h a t c a s e i t
fo r s a y t h e y s e l f is a l l p e r v a d i n g a n d m a n i fol d
w rl l b e d i c u l t t o c o n n e c t a p rt i c u l a r s e l f w i t h o n e b ody for a l l
a re r e l a t e d t o a l l b od ie s a l l wor k s a n d a ll e nj oy m en t s a n d
s el ve s
co n n e c t e d w i t h a l l mi n d s
d oc tri n e

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is

12

P A N C H AD A S L

90

Th u s t h e n th e rec ol l ecti on
I was sl eep i ng i n

wh i ch ar i s e s in th e m i n d of a p e rs on on h is r s t
s e n s i b ly
w ak i n g c an n eve r f o l l ow w i th out t h e p ercep ti on of actu al
i g n or an c e o r i n s e nti e n cy i n s uc h p r of ou n d s l u m b e r h e n ce f or
th e p re se n c e of i g n o r an c e an d exp er i e nc e or percept i on th e
c on sc i ou s n e s s of Sel f is s ai d t o b e c ov ere d w it h i n s e n ti e n cy
A n d s i n c e th e S r u l z m e n ti on s
S elf is n ot dep r i ve d
97

as
th at p r of ou n d s l u m b er
of h i s c on s c i ou s n e s s i n
an d
m e m ory e s t ab l i s h e s h is i n se nt i e n cy t h e ref or e h e is b ot h
s e n ti e n t an d i n s e n ti e n t an d l ik e th e
re y l u m i n ou s and
96

'

"

d ark f

p e n t o ob j e c ti on s a fe w of w h ic h a re h ere wort h
A s l i g h t a n d da r k n e s s a re n a tur a ll y Opp os e d t o
m e n t i o n i ng
e a ch ot h e r s o a re s e n t i e n c y o r c on s c iou s n e s s a n d it s rever s e
As

T h i s m a n is a j a r s o t h e a b ove
for i n s t a nce i t c a nn o t be s a i d
F o r i n s t an ce if i t be s a i d t h a t t h e
c on d i ti on s c a n n o t ex i s t
i n s e n ti e n t p a r t is perc e i v abl e a n d t h e l i g h t of c ons c i ou s n e s s is not
erc
e i v a b le in s elf s o t h a t for t h e s a m e b ody or s ub s t a nce t o b e
p
p os s e s s e d of pr opert ie s d i rectl y o pp os e d t o e ac h ot h e r is cle a rl y
i m p os s ible A s fr om t h e s i g h t o f a s tic k i t c an not be s a i d h ere

but t h ere m u s t be p re s e n t a n i nd i vi dua l c a r ry i ng t h e

is a D u n d i
t o d e s erv e t h e a ppell a t i on o f a D u n d i ; s o fr om t h e k n ow
s t i ck
l e dg e o f o n e p a rt i n s e n t i e n c y S e lf c a n n o t be d eter m i n e d to be
b ot h i n s e n t i e n t a n d s e n t i e n t M or e over i f t h e p a rt repr e s e n t i n g
b e d e e m e d a m e n a ble t o percepti on
s e n tie n c y o r c on s c i ou s n e s s
t h e n i n s e n t i e n c y m u s t f a l l in t h e b ac k g r ou n d of i llu s i on a
I ik e wi s e i t m a be a s k e d o f t h e m w h o f oll ow
c re a t i o n o f f a n c y
y
B h a tt a w h a t is t h e rel a t i on of t h e t wo p a rt s i n s e n t i e n c y a n d
W h e t h e r i t is d u e t o c om bi na ti o n or t o a n
s e n ti e n c y of s elf ?
i d e n t i t y ? O r is i t on l y a c on d i t i o n of s ub j e c t a n d ow n er Fr om
s e l f w il l be re d u ce d t o i m pe r m a n e n ce for
t h e r s t s t a n d p oi n t
o b j e c t s d e ri v e d fr om a c o m b i n a ti on o f t wo or m o re s u b s t a n ce s a re
m a t e r i a l h e n c e n o n e ter n al ; i f t h e s e c on d v i e w b e m a i n t a i n e d
i ns e n ti e n cy w ill be i de n ti ca l w i t h s e n t ie n c y a n d s e n ti e nc y w it h
i ns e n t i enc y w h ic h is a b s u r d ; t h e t h i r d w ill re duce s elf t o i m per
We nd t h eref ore n o p r oofs a s t o on e h a l f
m ane n ce l i k e a j ar
B ut

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P A N C H A D A S Ig

92

T h u s h av i n g exp os e d t h e f al l ac i ou s v i e ws h el d by
t h e af o re s ai d di s se n ter s in re g ar d t o t h e n ature of Sel f t h e i r;
dec l are d
O pp o s i te doc tr i n e s c on ce r n i n g I s w ar a a re n o w b ei n g
A cc or di ng
F o r t h i s p u rp os e h is n ature is r s t de ter m i n e d
t o t h e f o l l o w er s o f Y og a I s wa r a i s t h e c o n tr o l l e r o f m atter
c l ose ly e n g ag e d [ o ccup i e d] in i nt e l l i g e n ce H e is s u p er i o r to
al l i n d i v i du al s
Sratz
i
o r d o f M atte r and
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10
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J i v a an d q u a l i t i e s
T h at is t o s ay I s wa r a is t h e L o r d of t he
R aj a an d T o ma
e q u i l i b ris e d s t ate o f m atte r w h e n it s S a t w a
e ve n ly b l e n de d ( l i k e w i s e c al l e d P r od/ M72 or p r i m ary ) ;
a re
t h e i n di V i du al wi t h h is te n e me n t of e s h wh i c h is c al le d
1 02

'

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( P u r u s h a)

S p i ri t ; b u t i t is O p e n t o ob j e c ti on F or in
p e i od s o f c y c l i c d e s truc ti on m a tt e r is s a i d t o be in a s t a te of
t h a t is t o s a y its t h ree p op erti e s a re e ve n l y b a l a nce d
e q u i po i s e
E v ol u ti o n b e g i n s o n l y w i t h a d i s tu b a n c e o f t h i s e q u l i bri u m
T h e rs t m e n ti o n e d c on d it i on is s p o k e n of a s t h e n a t u r a l
so th a t
c on d i ti o n
c h i e f o r p ri ma ry
w i t h e v ol u ti on
a r i s e s t h e i n s e n t i e n t c o n d i ti on ; n ow i f i n s e n t i e n c y b e t h e p r i m a r y
s t a te
t h e e q u il i b ris e d c o n d i t i on W l l l n e c e s s a r i l y c o m e t o be
T h e n a g a i n f ro m a wa n t of a s s oc i a t i on w i t h t h e
s e c o n da r y
i n t e ll i g e n c e ( s e l f) t h e re is n o r e l a t i on w i t h t h e p r i m a l c on d i t ion ;
a n d a s w i t h o u t a re l a t i v i t y o f i n t e ll i g e n ce t h e s u b s e q ue n t ev oluti on
ca n n o t p ro ce e d f ro m i n s e n t i e n c y c o n s e q u e n tl y t h e p ri m a l c a n n o t
c re a t e ; a n d t h t p ri m a l c on d it i o n is I s w a ra s i n t e l l i e n ce e n d o we d
g
wh o is t h e i n t e rn a l rule r a n d c re a t o r O f t h e w orl d
w i t h M aya
K a p l a a d v oc a t e s t h e t h e o ry o f t h e S p i r i t b e i n g m a n i f ol d a n d a s
m a n y in n u m b e r a s t h e re a re i n d i vi d u a l s
B t t o s a y s o is f u tile
b e c a u s e a d m i s s i o n o f t h e o n e n e s s o f t h e a ll p erv a d i n g i n t e ll i g e n c e
a n d t h e a t t ri b u t i o n of e n j oy m e n t e t c
t o t h e a s s oc i a t i on of t h e
i n t e rn a l o rg a n a re e n ou g h t o s e ttl e t h e p o i n t a n d t h e n ec e s s i t y
fo r s u c h a n i n n i t e d i v i s i on o f A t m a is c l e a rl y r e m o v e d o t h e r
;
w i s e t o r e g a r d t h e e t e rn i t y O f m a tt e r a n d m a n i f ol d d i v e r s i t y of
A t m a \V l l l a n d u s in t h e re g i o n o f ( s j a t zy a m a t a d e fect s
j iy )
m a k e d b y s i m il a ri t y a n d d i s s i m i l a ri t y o r in t h e l an u a e o
f
g
g
We s ter n p hy s ici s t s i s om orp h i s m a n d d i s om orp h is m
A tma

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P AN C H A D A S I

9 3;

for i t is th e s c e n e of wo rk s al re ady b e ar i n g fruit

u
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t r o l l e d b y h i m I t is n ot t o b e i mag i ne d t h at th i s i s t h e on ly m e n
t i o n of I swar a in t h e Veda F or t h e B r z lz adarany a/eop amsh ad
ha ve text s ex p l an at o ry o f h im as an in te rn al k n o we r
R e s ti n g t h e i r O p i ni on s on s uch S t u/ 1 text s as they
1 04
b el i e ve s up p ort t h e m an d wh ic h t h ey c on strue acc or di ng to
t h e i r l i g h t s a m arke d v ar iet y of O p i n i on p rev ail s in re g ard t o
I s war a a m on g t h e s e c on tr over s i al i s t s
1 05
W i t h a v i e w o f as cert ai n i ng t h e v i e w h el d by a
Y og ac h ara t h e n atur e of I s war a afte r P at an j al i is b e i n g
H e is de n e d as A p a rti cu l ar per son u n c on n ecte d
d ec l ar e d
wi t h fel i c i ty or m isery m er i t or de m er i t g ood or b ad acti on
L i k e J i v a H e is u n
t hei r i mp re ss i on an d c o m p os i t i on

d
i n tel l i g e nc e )
assoc i ate d ( b l i ss ) an
B u t i t m ay b e ask e d i f I s war a i s th u s u n c ondi ti on e d
1 06
ro

'

I t re m a i n s t o be ob s er v e d t h a t t h ere is a ma r k e d s i m il a ri t y
b e t wee n S a n kh y a a n d Y og a in re g a r d t o J i v a for as t h e f or m e r
h ol ds h im t o be unr e l a te d s e lf ill u m i na te d u n ifo r m a n d in t e ll i
e n ce s o doe s t h e l a tt e r ; a n d h e is a n e n j oy er o n l y but n o a g e n t
g
N ow s uch a n exp e r i e n ce o f h is e n j oy m e n t f oll o w s
or i n s tru m e nt
f rom w an t of d i s cr i mi n a ti on for h a pp i n es s an d m i s er y are t h e
wh os e f u n c t i on is i n telle c ti on
of t h e i n t e rn a l o rg a n
a tt r ibu t e s
( B oodh i ) in c on n e c ti on w i t h w h i ch h e is a pt t o be a ttr ibute d t h e
n d t h a t B oodh z ( s p i r itu a l s ou l or i n tell e cti on )
ow er of e n j oy i n g
a
p
is t h e a g e n t fr om s i m il ar wa n t of d i s cri m i n a t i on s elf is p r a ctic a ll y
re g a r d e d a s a n a g e n t a n d s o lo n g a s t h e i n tellect is n ot cl e a n s e d;
b y t h e p r ac t ice o f t h e t wo v a ri e ti e s of m e d i t a t i on c alle d s a mpra
n sc i ou s
n a i d a n d a s a m ra n a t a or b e tt e r s till
a n d u nc ou s
t
h
e
c
o
j
p j
c i o n s v ar iet ies of t h e V e da n t in m is e ry c a n n ot be c omp letel y
ex ti rp a te d but wh e n t h e s e me dit ita t ion s h a ve t h orou g h l y r i p e n e d
t h e n J i v a is r ou s e d t o h is s e n s e h e h a s n ow g ot d i s c ri m i n a ti on
w h ere w i t h t o k e e p m i s e ry a t b a y a n d t h i s ext re m e de s truct i o n of
m i s er y is c a ll e d e m a n c i pa t i on in Y og a
S a n khy a does n ot a dm i t
I s wa ra bu t Y og a d oe s a n d t h a t I s wa r a is l ik e J i v a u n rel a te d;
o; u n a ss oc i a te d [ u n con dio ne d] I n tell i g en ce
9

P ANC H AD AS L

94

u nassoc i ate d i nte l l i g e n ce h ow c an th e n h e b e th e c ontr ol l er

Th e reply is th at doe s not i m ply any c on tr adi c ti on i t is qu i te
p oss i b l e for h is be i n g a p arti cul ar p e r s on an d a c on t r ol l e r
o ther wi s e th ere w i l l b e n o re g ul ati on o f b on dag e an d e m an
at is t o s ay as a k i n g re war ds a pe r s on for
T
h
c ip at ion
[
g ood
an d p u n i s h e s for b ad dee ds i n the ab s e n ce of I s wa r a as s uc h
a c on tr oll er a b ad m an b e rel e ase d w h i l e a g ood s ub j ec te d t o
an d th u s th e i n ev i t ab l e l aw o f K ar ma w i l l b e s e t at
re b i rth
n ou g h t ]
1 07
A nd th e te s ti m ony o f th e S r u l z l ik e w i s e g o e s t o
e st ab l i s h his c on tr ol A s for i n st an ce
Fr o m h is fe ar t h e

w i n d m ove s an d th e su n s h i n e s
I f i t b e as ke d h ow is b e
u nrel ate d ?
Th i s Sup re m e Sel f for an ab s e n ce of p ai n *
work s etc th e u s u al atrib u te s or p e rcj u is ite s of a J i v a is l ik e

wi s e a c on tr ol l er
A n d th ere are ar g u m e n t s an d ( g ood)
re ason s for i t
1 08
M ore ov e r i f J i v a b e l i k e w i se dev o i d o f p ai n w h at
c on s ti tute s th e di s t i n ct i on o f I s war a ? S o l on g as th ere is a wan t
o f di scr i m i n at i on a p er s on is apt t o c on s i der h i m s el f as s ubj ec t
t o g ri ef ; as h as al re ady bee n sai d
( Vzae an te V
Wi th a v i e w of e s t ab l i s h i n g a di ffere n c e b et wee n
1 09
I s war a an d J i v a a T ark ik a ( N aiyay ik a) s ay s I s war s th ree
qu al i ti e s i ntel l i g e n ce e n de av ou r an d wi l l are eter n al an d h is
u nas soc i ate d c on tr ol is u n sou n d an d obj ec t i on ab l e
n o
A n d adduce th e te sti m on y o f t he S r u / z in s u p
p ort :
H is de s i re is eter n al h is deter m i nat i on ac tu ate s h i m

al way s an d k n o ws n o re s t
I n th i s m an n e r t h e ete r n al
n ature of h is qu al i t i e s are s ou g h t t o b e e s tab l is he d d
or

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Fe a r of dea t h a n d ( e ) E ag er ne s s for t h e
m a t e r i a l ob j ect s
p re serv a ti on of t h e b ody
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eA N C H A D A S L
118

A S h ivite say s h is own de i ty is I swara b e cause

V i s h n u c oul d n ot ascert ai n wh ere th e l e g s of Sh iv a wer e
re s ti n g
1 19
A f ol lower of Gan e sa t ake s ob j ect i on t o th e r ec og
for h e h ad h i m s el f t o w or sh i p
n it ion o f S h i v a as I s war a
G an p at for c on q uer i ng T ripu r to av o i d d i s aster ; th eref or e
Gan e sa is I s war a
1 20
I n th e s ame w ay th ere are other s w h o sh ow a b ai s
for t h ei r ow n dei ti e s w h o m t h ey c al l I s war a ; by t h e h el p of
t h e ( M a n t ras ) s acre d f or m ul ae us e d in
r e s pecti v e
th ei r
wor sh i p t h ey s eek t o e s t ab l i s h th e t r u th of th e i r assert i on as
al s o by an an al y s i s an d ar g u me n t o f t h ei r m e an i n g an d by a
refere n c e t o K alp a [ a c o mpl ete cyc l e of f our Y u g asj
Fr om th e i n t er n al k n ow er to i n an i m ate ob j ec t s al l
121
are e q u al l y de n om i n ate d I s war a i n as m uc h as e ve n t ree s for
in s t an ce th e rm rel zg zosa as l ep z as g zg an l a an d b amb oo are
o bj ect s o f w or s h i
p w i th m e n
1 22
I n o r de r t o as cert ai n th e c orr ect n e ss of th e s e ve r al
v i e ws h el d c on ce r n i n g
I s war a by th e di ffere n t s ec t s of wor
s h i pp e r s
it is s ai d w i t h t h e h el p of an al og y an d an al y s i s o f
th e ar g u me n t s u se d in t h e S /z as/rar a w i se an d tr an q u i l p e r son
h as n o d i f cul ty i n di ff ere n ti ati n g I s war a fr o m t h e re s t an d
as cert ai n i n g
h im as s e con dl e ss
Th i s wi l l b e s h e wn in t h e
.

'

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se q u e L
'

T h e te s ti m o n y of th e S r u t z on th i s s ub j e ct is t o t h e
f ol l ow i n g e ff ect
Kn ow t h e n P rakr i t i is M ay a an d I s war a

i s t h e p arti cul ar p er s on e n dow e d w i th

it
A l l o bj e ct s

w h i c h r am i fy t h e u n i ver s e h ave S pr u n g fr om h im
[ T h at i s
to say M atter is t h e pr ox i m ate c au s e o f t h e U n i ve r s e an d t h e
I n ter n al K no we r as soc i ate d w i t h i t is t h e S up re me I s w ar a
t h e i n s tru me n t al c au se ab i di n g in M ay a ] A nd al l o bj ec t s
wh et h er se n ti e n t or o th er w i se w h i c h fi l l t h e u n i ver s e are s a i d
to b e der i ve d fr om I s war a i n as much as th e s am e m atte r wh i c h
f or m s a fe ature in I swar a is equ all y pre se n t in th e re st
123

P ANC H AD

A sI

97

i n asmu c h as al l c on tr adi ct i ons are cl e are d b y

t h e S r u z z text j u s t referre d ab o ve t h e d i ffere n t w o r s h i pper s o f
i n an i mate an d an i mate b odi e s c an h ave n o fu rth e r c au s e of
d i s ag ree me n t
A n d as I l l u s i o n ( m atter ) i s s ai d i n t h e N z rs z m a
1 25
T ap am to b e ful l of dar k n e ss ( i g n or an ce ) an d ex per i e n c e d
b y all b ei n g s s uc h exp e r i e n c e i s a p r oof o f its e x i s te n ce as
h as bee n o ver an d o ve r me n ti on e d i n t h e
acti on is de s c ri b e d in
1 26
A n d it s ( rlf ay a o r
th e S r u t z to b e i n se n ti e n t an d f as ci n ati n g
I t l i k e w i se
e s t ab l i s h e s it s p r op erty o f dark n e s s as p r o ve d fr om i n d i v i du al
in t h e f ol l owi n g w i s e
T h e acti on of M ay a is
e xper i e n ce

b oth i nse n ti e n t an d f as c i n ati n g

It is i n fi n i te
N o w th i s
i nfi n i te n ature of M atte r e s t ab l i s h e s it s u n i ver s al p re s e n c e as
we actu al l y n d on ap pe al i n g t o t h e exp er i e n ce of al l p er son s
b oth y ou n g an d ol d m e n an d wom e n al ik e
I ns e nt i e n cy refer s t o wan t of i n tel l i g e nc e A s for
1 27
F asc i n ati on is de s cr i b e d as wh at c an n ot b e
i nst an ce a j ar
g r as pe d by i ntel l ect ; th at i s t o s ay w h at th e i n te l l ec t f ai l s t o
c om p rehe n d [ It is th at S p i r i tu al i g n o r an ce w h i c h l e ads me n
t o b el i e ve in th e re al i ty o f wo rl d an d t o add i ct the ms e l ve s t o
m u n dan e or se n su al e n j oy m e n t s
1 28
I f i t b e sai d for th e u n i ve r s al per v as i on of M ay a
an d i ts p r o perty o f dark n e ss or i g n or an c e b e i n
g an e st ab
l ishe d f act acc or d i n g t o i n d i v i du al ex per i e n ce i t i s doub tful
whet h er i t is c ap ab l e of b e i n g re m o ve d or de s t r oye d b y
k n ow l e dg e F or suc h a p urp os e t h e c on cl u s i on o f th e S r u l z
an d an an aly s i s of th e ar g u m e n t s u s e d fo r a n d a ai n s t is c i te d
g
t o l e ad t o th e i n fere n ce of it s i n de s c r i b ab l e n atu re
R e fer
r i ng t o th i s th e S r u t z say s
I t is n e i th e r be i n g n or n on be i n g
1 24

A nd

'

'

'

'

'

'

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We

e q u all y i g n oran t o f s o m e t h i n g or o t h e r a n d
wh e n a s k e d a b ou t a t h i n g w e k n o w n ot w e de c l a r e o u r i g n o r a n ce
I g nor a n ce is u n i ver s a ll y p re s e n t a n d its exi s te n ce n e e ds n o o t h er
p roof t h an ou r i ndi v i du al e xp e r ie n ce T h i s is w h a t is m e an t
a re

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etc

P A N C H AD A S I

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.

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is

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I t c an n o t b e te r me d n on ex i s te n t for i t is
9
ex pe r i e n ce d e ve ry wh ere b y al l al i ke ; n or e x i s te n t as i t is
c ap ab l e o f b e i n g de s tr oye d by k n o wl e dg e ; b ut as someth i n g
wo rt h l e s s fr o m t h e s t an dp o i n t o f k n o w l e d g e
1 0
T h u s i t can b e de s c r i be d in t h re e s ep ar ate way s :
3

a
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h
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( )
g
g
g
( a) Fr om t h e s t an dar d o f l og i c al i n f e re n c e i t is in de scri
b ab l e
( c) A n d acc o r di n g t o th e s t an dar d of o r di n ary p ercep
t i on it is re a l ly e x i s te n t
A n d as b y S pre ad i n g a p i ctur e al l it s g ure s are
1 31
r e n dere d p l a i n ly v i s i b l e s o t h e app are n t e x i s te n c e of th e wo rl d
is du e t o j ay a ; w i th i t s de s truct i o n by k n o wl e dg e p h e n o
m e n a are r e duce d t o t h e c o n d i t i on of n o n re al i ty j u s t as th e
g ure s in t h e p ai n ti n g d i sap p e ar wh e n i t is r ol le d u p
I n t h e S r u / z I l l ay a is de s cr i be d as b ot h i n depe n de n t
1 32
an d d e pe n de n t ; b u t t o ap p ly s uc h o p p os i te c o n di t i on s t o on e
s ub s t an c e
m ay ap pe a r c on tr adi c t ory, h e n ce i t is
a n d s am e
e x p l a i n e d in t h e f o l l owi n g W i s e z S i n c e M ay a c annot b e
c on ce i ve d or re al i z e d as a s ep ar ate e n ti ty w i th out i n tel l i g e n ce
c o n s e q ue n tly i t is s ai d to b e de pe n de n t an d i n asmuc h as i t
a ff e ct s t h e u n as s o c i ate d i n tel l i g e n ce i t is t h eref o re free :
1 3
I t has th e f acul ty of re n der i n g t h e u n i f o r m u nasso
3
c i at e d i n tel l i g e n c e o f Sel f i n s e n t i e n t an d m ak i n g h im ap p e a r
t o t al ly b e r e ft o f i ntel l i g e n ce ; an d th r ou g h t h e re e x int e ll i
g e n c e i t s eek s t o c r e ate d i ff e re n ce bet wee n J i v a an d I s war a
1 4
I t m ay b e as s erte d i f S e l f wh o is e ver u n i f or m an d
3
k no w s n o c h an g e b e th u s afl e cte d by l ay a th e n t h i s tr ans
12

'

r e q u i r e s t o b e e x pl a i ne d W h a t d oes
n ot e x i s t a l w a y s i n a l l t h e t h r e e c on d i ti o n s o f ti m e
is c al le d s o
T h e t h r e e c o n d it i o n s o r d i v i i o n s of t m e a re wa k i n g d re a m i n g
a n d pr of ou n d d re a ml e s s s l u m b e r
T h e w ord w o rt h l e s s

i co

P A NC H AD A S I

th e l e ar n e d m e n were t o j oi n in i nv e s ti g at i ng
th e n ature of a s i n g l e e n ti ty ou t of t h e m any wh i c h l l t h i s
u n i ver s e t h ey are s ure t o d ec l are th e i r i g n o r an c e s om e h o w o r
o t h e r an d w i l l f a i l t o as c ert ai n i t
F or i n s t an ce i f y ou as k th e m h ow doe s a d r op of
1 44
s e m e n p r oduc e th e h u m an b ody w i t h al l it s o r g an s ? Wh e n c e
doe s I n tel l i g e n ce c om e an d why P W h at w i l l b e th e i r rep ly
If t hey we re t o say; i t is th e very n ature of s e m e n
1 45
t o p r oduce a b ody an d it s or g an s we m ay p au s e t o e n q u i re
H ow d id t h ey k n o w i t ? A n d p o i n t o u t th e i n s t an c e o f
s ter i l e wo m e n wh o c o n ce i ve n ot ; c o n s eque n tl y s e m e n i s n o t
n atur al l y p oss e s s e d w i th s uc h a p r op er ty
S o th at u l ti m ately they c o m e t o ack owl e dg e t h e i r
1 46
i g n or an ce ; for t h i s re as on th e w i s e re g ar d b o t h i g n o r an c e
an d i t s p r oduc t t h e m ater i al wo rl d i n th e l ig h t o f a m ag i c al
p e rf or man c e ; th ey are s o t o s pe ak a p h an t asm
Wh at c an b e m or e m ag i c al t h an h u m an c on cepti on ?
1 47
A d r op of s e m e n e n te r i n g t h e uteru s viv i e d by i n tel l i g e n c e
in
du e or der ; g r adu al l y
d e vel op s h an ds he ad feet etc
y out h an d ol d ag e is s ub j ecte d t o
att ai n s t o ch i l d h ood
v ar i o u s d i se ase s an d s ee s h e ai s s m el l s e n j o y s an d p r o re ss e s
g
1

If

43

al l

t o an d

48

fro

t h i s c on n e d t o m an al on e F or in th e c as e
an d ot he r g i g an t i c tree s S pr i n i n
fr
o f th e rm 7 9 123s
om
g
g
an d i n s i g n i c an t s ee ds th e s am e [ M
v er y m i n ute
a a is l i ke
y
L ook at t h e tree an d th e see d w h i c h g ave i t
w i s e d i s pl aye d
b i rth an d c an y ou c e as e t o w on de r ? T here f o re by c on s t ant
p r act i ce i n u re y ou r m i n d i n t o a b el i ef of th e m ag i c al p r o p e rty
o f M ay a
an d l o o k u p on
i t as som eth i n g e q u al ly in
de s cr i b ab l e
1 49
A N aiyayik a b el i eve s h e al on e is c ap ab l e o f sati s
factori ly exp l ai n i n g p h e n om e n a an d is p r ou d of i t
L e t h im
c o n s ul t t h e K /z an a an a of S i i H ar s h a A c h ary a and h e wi l l
fi n d h is p os i ti on t o b e n o l o ng er m ai n t ai n ab l e
1 50
For wh at is i nc on c e i v ab l e c an not b e aS C e rtain cdi
1

N or is
1

P A N C H A D AS I

1 01

by any e nd of ar g u me n t theref ore i t is i mp r oper t o c on nec t

t h i s i n c on cei v ab l e wor l d w i t h ar g u m e n t ev e n in m i n d
1 51
C on s i der t h e s ourc e of t h e worl d wh i c h is c o n s
t ru cte d in a m an n er qu i te i m p os s i bl e t o c o n ce i ve an d o f
w h i c h n o de n i te i de a c an b e f or m e d t o b e M ay a w h i c h b at h
for its c au s e t h e S e con dl e s s I m p arti t e I n tel l i g e n c e ( B r ah m a
)
exp er i e n ce d in p r of ou n d s l u m b e r
1 52
T h i s wo r l d w h i c h is n ot h i ng e l s e b ut on ly a con
d i t i on of wak i n g an d d re am i n g [ a day dre am] m er g e s i n t o
its s o urc e M ay a w h i c h c on ti n ue s in pr of o u n d s l u m be r ; j u s t
S i n c e t h eref o re M ay a is t h e
as a tree ab i de s i n its s ee d
s ource of th e u n i ver s e al l i m p re s s i on s d er i v e d fr om a k n o w
l e dg e of p h e n om e n a are ce n tre d in i t
1 53
L i k e t h e et h er or s p ac e ap p r o pr i ate d by c l ou d th ere
is a d i m percep t i on of reect i on o f i n te l l i g e n c e in al l i m p re s
s i on s der i ve d fr o m k n owl e dg e an d t h i s i s k n own i n fere n t i al ly
p
re
s e n c e of
B
u t i t m ay b e s a i d i t i s p os s i b l e t o p erce i ve t h e
[
w ater in c l ou d for wate r is n ot h i n g e l se b ut d r op s of m o i s ture
c ol l e c te d in th e c l ou d in w h i c h ag ai n et h e r is p l ai n l y
c on ce i v ab l e b ec au s e o f th e eth er p re s e n t in a j ar l l e d wi t h
wate r w h i c h is i de n t i c al wi t h t h e water of t h e c l o u ds ; c on s e
que n tly the p re s e n c e o f t h e r s t i s e as i ly de duc i b l e as an
i n fere n ce fr o m t h e p al p ab l e i n s t an ce of t h e s e c on d A nd i t is
d ii cu l t t o s e e h o w c an t h e e x am p l e of c l ou d e t h e r ap ply t o
reect i on of i n tel l i g e n c e i n c l u de d in al l i mp re s s i on s of
p he n om e n a T o c l e ar i t ou t an d s h e w th e ap p l i c ab i l i ty o f th e

n
n
ex amp l e i t is s ai d th at the r eex i te l l i g e c e s ee d of matter
,

k n own i n fere n t i al ly ]
T h at reecti on of i n tel l i g e n ce is s ub s e q ue n tly t r an s
1 54
f or m e d int o i n tel lect h e n c e i t is p l ai n ly di scer n e d in B ood/z i
I n ot h er wor ds I g n or an c e e n dowe d w i th re ecte d i n tel l i g e n c e
m odi e d or tr an s f or m e d i n t o i n tel l ect f or m s t he s ubj e c t of
t h e reect i on of i n tel l i g e n ce ; u n der s uc h c i r c u mst an ce s t he
i mpre s s i on of p r i or p ercept i on s in th e i n tel l e c t wh i c h is a
can b e re c k on e d as a ree c t i on of
s ub j ec t of c onte n t i on
is

P A N C H AD A S L

1 02

i n te l l i g e nce and for it s b e i n g a m odi c ati on f or m or c on di

t i on of ood/2 2 m ay b e l i k e n e d t o its fu n ct i on
1 55
M ay a an d reect i on o f i n tel l i g e n ce i n i t c on s ti tute
*
b oth J i v a an d I s war a
B u t t h e n i t m ay b e
re m ar k e d H ow c an th e i r i n v i s i b i l i ty an d v i s i b i l i ty b e deter
m i n e d i f th ey are t h u s s i m i l ar
T o e s t ab l i s h th at d i ff ere n c e i t
i s s ai d L i ke th e d i ff ere n ce ex i s t i n g b et wee n eth e r p re s e n t
i n c l ou d an d water re s pecti vel y th e k n owl e dg e of th e J i v a for
i ts b e i n g e n vel op e d i n i g n or an ce is d i m l y d i s cer n i b l e ; w h i l e
th at o f I swar a fo r t h e fas s oc iate of I ntel l ect is p l a i n l y
m an i fe ste d H ere i n c on s i s t s t h e p r act i c al d i ff e re n c e of th e t wo
I n ot h e r words t h e on e I m p art i te I n te l l i g e n ce i s th r ou g h
I l l u s i on d i ff e re n t i ate d i n t o J i v a an d I s war a
S i m i l i tu de of I s w ar a w i t h c l o u d eth e r is e s t ab l i s h e d
1 56
in th e f ol l owi n g w i s e z M ay a re s e m b l e s t h e c l ou d for as in
c l ou d i t is n atu r al t o ex p ec t s ubtl e p art i cl e s o f r ai n c ol l ecte d
i n th e f or m of m o i s ture s o are i n tel l ect an d k n owl e dg e
der i ve d fr om p as t i m p re s s i on s p re se n t i n M ay a ; an d l i k e t h e
s
i
re
e
ce
th
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there
f
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f
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p
reect i on of i n tel l i g e n c e in M ay a ; th at is I swar a T h u s th e n
we n d l i ke t h e s p ace or ethe r ap p r o p r i ate d b y c l ou d an d
water re sp ec ti vely b ot h J i v a an d I swar a re s t on M ay a an d
,

'

'

" P un di t

ut h or of t h e w ell k now n B om b ay
E d it i on o f M r S h er iff M a h o m e d s ay s in h is n ote s i t is n ot t o
b e c on s tru ed t h a t j i v a a n d I s wa r a a re t h e acti ve p roduct s of M ay a
T h a t is n ot m e a n t h ere for h e s a y s J i v a I s w a r a I n tell i g e n ce
n d t h e rel a ti on of t h e
I
e
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r
n
a
A
d
a
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n or a n c e
m
e rs e
)
(
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g
p
d i ffere n ce of e ac h o f t h e
t wo l as t t og et h er w i t h t h e s u b s i s ti ng
fi ve t h e s e s ix s u b s t a nc e s a re n a tur a ll y u nc r e a te a n d w i t h out a n
a n d t h e s t a te m e n t o f t h e B a rt ik k a r is d i re c tl y O pp os e d t o
o ri g i n
"
t h e S z dlz a n ta a n d t h e S r u t i tex t M a y a w i t h re e x ion m a k e s

J i v a a n d I s wa r a
H e re t h e verb t o mak e l i k e w i s e e s t abl i s h e s M ay a ; for it s
Th is
s uc ce s s ful d e pe n de nce s h ows or p r oduce s j i v a a n d I s wa r a
is wh a t is m e a n t
9

P it a m b arj e e t h e

'

P A N C H AD A S L

1 04

An d

a
n tel l i g e n ce depe n de n t on M a a
th
t
reex
i
57
y
fu l l of i l l u s i on is t h e Supre m e I swar a
or s ub s erv i e n t t o i t

I n ter n al K nowe r O mn i s c i e n t an d th e U n i ve r sal C au s e

i n n i n g w i th th e b l i s s ful s h e at h i n t h e s t at e o f
p r of ou n d s l u mb er t h e S r u t z say s T h at b l i ss fu l she at h is t h e

L o r d o f al l
T h eref o re t h e Vedas de n ot e i t t o b e I s war a
nd
a
n
w
f
o
i
n
a
u
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ect
i
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g
[
y
t h e p re d i c at e of t h e g r osse r c on di t i on o f
d re am i n g
m ater i al i ty w i t h t h e reec te d s h adow t h e i n te r n al o r g an is
c all e d t h e c og n i ti o n al s h e ath T h e k n ow i n g or c og n i t i on al
J i v a m e r g e s i n t o a s u b tl e c on di ti on in p r of ou n d s l u mb er ( an d
t h at is th e b l i ss ful ) wh i c h i f re g ar de d as I s war a t h e n in t h e
ab s e n c e o f t h at m er g i n g o f th e i n ter n al o r g an i n wak i n g an d
d re am i n g c on d i t i on s i n t o th e s t ate of b l i s s ful n e ss t h e re w i l l
b e a c orre s p ondi ng wan t of I s war a t oo T h e n ag ai n t h e r e
m u s t b e as m an y I s war as as th er e are m e n i n p r o f ou n d
s l u mb er an d a s th ere are ve s u c h s h e at h s or s ac s r ec o n i se d
g
i n th e h u m an b ody by al l auth o r s t he adm i ss i on of bl i s s fu l
as I s war a w i l l r e n de r t he utte r an c e s c on c er n i n g th e re s t u n
n ece s s ary an d futi l e ; h e n c e i t is s ai d th e B l i s sfu l sac is n ot
I swar a T h i s is wh at a P r ab h ak ar say s b ut i t i s c l e are d
1

58

B eg

'

t h e rs t m e n ti on e d O p in ion t h e n as k n ow le dg e o r i g i na ti n g f rom
t h e i n d i v i d u a l s i n tellect is i n n ite in v a ri e t y I s wa ra for h is b e i n g
t h e r e e c te d s h a do w in e ac h u n i t of s uc h k no wle dg e m u s t
i n n i te in n u m ber a n d a s e a c h k n owle dg e is
n e c e s s a r i l y be
p a rv i s cie n t t h e r e ecte d s h a d ow in i t w ill a l s o n ece s s a r il y b e
p a rv i s c i e n t T h e n a g a i n in re g a r d t o t h e s ec on d O pi n i on of
I s wa r a a s t h e re ecte d s h adow i n t h e c oll e c t i ve a g g re g a te of a l l
k nowle dg e s i t is n ece s s a r y t o me n t i on t h a t s a ve a n d d u ri n g t h e
a n d t h a t i n p r op or ti on t o t h e
i
t
b
e
c a n n ever
ra l a y i c per i od
p
t h ere is a S i m i l a r n u m b e r o f r e ec te d
n u m be r of a s s oc i a t e s
s h a d ows c on s e q ue n tl y t h ere c a n n o t b e o n e r e e cte d s h a dow in a l l
k no w le dg e s T h u s t h e n I g nora nc e a l on e is t h e a ss oc i a te o f
I s wa r a
,

'

i 05

P ANC H AD AS L

t hu s
I f a dul l p er s on w oul d rece i ve n o b e n e t fr om
i t is
as cert ai n i n g th e i n d i c at i on of t h e tr an s c e n de n t al p h r as e
b etter th at h e sh ou l d c on s i de r an d p on de r wel l on th e m e an i ng
211 a U an zs aa w here l i ke
of
as l ai d down in t h e M anda /1
p

is m e n t i on e d th e O mn i sc i e nt an d
w i s e th e B l i ssfu l s h e at h
N ow as th e ab ov e Up am s/zaa h ad it s obj ect
U n i ver s al L or d
i n s o s ay i n g t o e st ab l i s h n on du al i ty s i m i l arl y ou r auth or h ad
b ee n ac tu ate d t o e st ab l i s h t h e on e ne ss of J i v a an d I s war a
H e h ad n o de s i re t o m ake th e B l i ss ful I swar a ; for i t wi l l
b e f ou nd el s e whe r e in a s ub seque nt p art of th e work ( Se ct

X I ) th at H e ter m s th e B l i s sful as a p art i cul ar c on d i ti on of

T h eref ore on ly wi th th e v i e w of e st ab l i s h i ng
t h e i n d i v i du al
n o n du al i ty t o p er s on s of dul l i n tel l ect th at th e B l i ss fu l s h e ath
is h ere referre d t o as I s war a oth er wi se th ere w i l l b e a con
t radict ion b et wee n wh at is s t ate d h ere an d i n t h e
ab ov e
S ect i on ]

I t is n ot i mp oss i b l e for th e B l i ss fu l s h e ath to h ave

1 59
n or is i t
omn i s c i e n c e an d a p ar am ou n t c o n tr o l o v er al l
p r oper th at th i s s h ou l d c re ate any d i s pute or c on te n t i on for
th e utter an c e s of th e S ru l z are b ey on d c av i l an d di s pute and
t hey te n d th at wav T h e n ag ai n c on cer n i n g M ay a i t is sai d
every t h i n g is p oss i b l e [ T h at is t o say i t is t h e nature of
i l l u s i on t o cre ate u n re al re al ; l i ke th i ng s s h own in a perf orm
an ce of m ag i c ]
1 60
B u t as th e utter ance s of th e S r u z z in th e ab se n ce of
ar g u m e n t s t o e s t ab l i s h t h e i r truth m ay b e s e t at
s u pp orti n g

n au g h t l i ke th e e x p re s s i on
th ey are
a b oat m ade o f st on e
c i te d z S i n ce t he re is n o one c ap ab l e of u n do i ng
n ow b e i n g
t h e c re at i on of I swar a H e is c al l e d th e L or d P ar amou n t
T h at is t o say wh at is c re ate d by I s war a th e obj ecti v e wor l d
an d t h e re s t c an not b e de s tr oye d in an mann er he n c e h e is
y
th e P ar amou n t or S upre me L o r d
1 61
H is omn i s c i e n ce is e s t ab l i s h e d in th e f ol l owi n g wi s e
Th e p er cepti on [ c on c ept i on] of all b e i ng s o r i g i n ati ng fr om
the i r i n tel l e c t re s t s in i g nor an c e in th e c ondi t i on of p r of ou nd
-

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1 06

P ANC H AD A S I

l u mb er and by th at c on cep ti on make s th e wh ol e u n i v er se its

t h e assoc i ate of i g nor an ce t h e
s ubj ect ; an d for it s b e i n g
p re di c ate of p ercept i on p r oc ee di ng fr om i ntel lec t ( th e b l i ssfu l
s h e ath ) is s ai d t o b e al l k n ow i n g
1 62
B u t the n i t may b e as ke d i f i t is al l k now i n g wh at
As
r
s
u
n
e
v
e
t
r
e
x
p
er
i
e
c
i
n
i
t
?
T
h
eref
re
i
t
i
s
i
d
a
o
n
o
s
p
g
i n tel l ectu al i mpre ssi on s assoc i ate of th at b l i ss ful ( I s war a) are
i n v i s i b l e h e n ce his al l k n owin g ne ss is n ot perce i v e d H ow is
i t th e n k nown ? Fr om th e i r pre se nce in al l i n te l l ect s c on c l u de
o mn i s c i e n c e t o b e p re se n t i n as muc h as th ey a re on l y a p r oduc t
of i n tel lect w h i ch is t hei r c au s e an d wh os e p r o perty i t is t o
c re ate percept i on I n th e same way as th e p r op erty of y ar n
th e c au se of a cl oth is p re s e n t in it s p r oduct t h e c l oth

Th e b l i s sful I s war a is t h e i n te r n a l k nowe r S ru l z

1 63
B ec au s e re sti n g i ns i de th e c og n i t i on al an d o the r sac s an d in
e v ery o ther th i ng b e s i de s h e e mp l oy s t he m in du e or der
R e g ar di n g I swar a as th e i n te r nal k n owe r th e
1 64
A ntary amz B ra/i mam of B rz lz aaarany aka Up an islz aa say s
R e s i d i ng in t he i ntel l ect yet h e is d i ffere n t fr om i t n or can he
b e s ee n by th at i n tel l ect wh i c h c on s ti tute s h is p hy s i c al b ody

an d of wh i c h h e is th e i n ter n al c on tr ol l er
I n th i s m anne r
I swar a is m e nti on e d in th e Vedas
1 65
N ow fr om a fe ar of its l e n g th i n e ss I refr ai n fr om
e n ter i n g i n t o an e xp l an at i on of al l th e i n di c ati on s c i te d in th e
Wh o
A n tary amz B ralz man b ut w i l l c on te n t m y s el f w i th

r e si de s in al l e l e me n t s and i l l u s tr ate i t by an ex amp l e A s

y ar n c on sti tute s th e p r ox i mate or f or mal c au se of a c l oth an d
r e st s in i t so is I swar a th e f or mal c au se of al l e l e me n t s an d
re s t s in the m
B u t t he que st i on is I f I swar a is th e f or mal c au s e
1 66
why is H e u n see n ?
Th e repl y is wh at is most i n tr i n s i c al ly
s

'

'

r e ad e r n e e d n ot be re m i n de d w h a t t h e bl i ss ful s h e at h
m e an s a ft e r w h a t h a s be e n s a i d in V e r s e 1 5 8 a n d n ote
I t refer s
T h e r e f ore pl a i nl y s p ea k i ng i t is m e a n t h er e to s h e w
t o I s wa ra
I s wa r a is om n i s c i e n t
T he

P ANC H AD A m

1 08

el e me nt ary b odi es an d mou nte d On th e m ec h an i s m

o f t h at o r g an m ake s al l the el e m e n t s wa n der th r ou g h i l lu s i on

[ C h ap XVI II v
h e ar t

O f al l

T h ey a s s ert t h a t a s c a s te is s i n g ul a r n u mber for i t is a c ollecti v e

ay b e
m
n ou n s o I s wa r a for H is bei n
a rt s
i
tu
a te d i n s i de a l l
h
e
s
g
t a k e n as a c ollecti ve n ou n of t h e s i n g ul a r n u m be r : but t h i s d oes
n ot h ol d t rue ; for I s wa r a is n ever re a r d e d in t h a t l i h t e it h e r
g
g
in t h e S ru t z S m r i t i or t h e P u r a n as ; n o w h e re is H e m e n t i on e d
e xcep t a s o n e ; p op ul a r experi e n ce a l i k e te n ds t h a t w a y
H e nc e
it is i m p os s ible t o c on s true H im i n t o a c ollect i ve nou n
Th e n
ag a i n i f I s wa r a w ere s o m a n y d i s t i n ct a s t h ere a re i n d i vi du al s
t h ere w ill be crea ted a d i s cor d in t h e h a r m on y of n a ture
for e ac h I s wa r a dwell i ng
i ns i de e ac h i nd i v i du a l w ill refus e
t o be a cte d up on by t h e s am e n a tur a l l a ws w h ic h m ay aff ec t
T o be m o re expl ici t t h e p re
a n ot h e r per s on a n d n i ce o e rs d
s e n ce of m a n y I s wa ras i n on e u n iv e rs e w ill cre a te d i s c ord b y a
d i ffere n c e of d e s i re s in t h e m o n e m ay be a ctua t e d w i t h a w i s h
a n d s o t h e t wo w ill be a cti n
t o cre a te a n ot h er t o d e s tr oy
g in
t h e extre m e e n ds c on s e q ue n tl y s y n ch c ron is m a n d o r de r w ill be
B u t i t m ay be a lle g e d l i k e a k i n g h a vi n g s eve ra l s e r v a n t s
U p s et
t h ere n ee ds be n o d i s c or d ; fo r s e v e r a l I s wa r a s a re a l l p a rt icles
of t h e s e c on dl es s S u pre m e I s w a r a a fo r m o f B ra h m a a n d c on
t r olle d b y i t I t m ay be a s k e d o f t h os e w h o e n t e rt a i n t h i s v ie w
w h et h e r t h a t S upr e m e I s wa r a is e n dow e d w i t h o r w it h out a l m ig h t i
I f t h e r e pl y be in t h e ai rm a t ive t h e n t h e
n e s s a n d o m n i s c ie n c e
o f s ev e r a l I s wa r as is cl e a rl y don e a w a y w i t h ; for a s
n ec e s s i t y
all
a n i n t e rn al k n ow er o n e I s wa r a is q u i te c a pa ble of c on tr oll i n g
bei n g s a n d a l m i g h t i ne ss g i ves h im t h a t p o wer I f on t h e o t h e r
h a n d t h e r e pl y be in t h e n e g a t i ve t h e n j i v a w il l be w it h ou t a n
I s wa r a T h u s t h e n I s wa r a is on e a n d n ot m a n y B u t ob j e c
t i on m a y be t a k e n in q ui te a n ot h er f or m a n d t h e a ut h or i t y o f
N ow
V ach a s pa t y may be ci te d in s u p p ort of h is m u l t iform n e s s
t h i s is cle a rl y a m i s t a k e for V ach aS p a t i w it h t h e v ie w o f e s t abl i s h
i n g n on d u a l i t y a n d expl a i n i n g it t o o n e de s i rou s o f rele a s e br i n g s
n a n d it s re c e ss i on or w i t h d r a w a l
o
illu
r
y
ttribut
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o
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p
H e h a s no ot h e r ob j ec t
in t h a t wa y
,

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P A N C H AD AS L

1 09

T h e p h r ase A l l t h e el e me n t s in the ab ov e e x tr ac t
fr om th e G z ta is t h u s e xp l ai n e d It refer s to J i v a wh o i s t h e
c og n i ti on al s ac an d w h i c h c og n i t i on re s i de s in t h e l otu s of th e
h e art W i t h th e v i e w of ex p l ai n i ng t h e re ason wh y th at cog n i
t i on is t o re s i de in th e h e art i t is sai d th e i nter n al k n owe r
[ I s war a] is t r an s f o r m e d i n t o th e s h ap e O f t h e c og n i t i on al s ac
an d r e s i de s in th e h e ar t ; I s war a th e B l i s s ful s h e at h is t h e
p r ox i mate c au s e of J i v a th e c og n i ti on al an d in re g ar d t o t h e
h e art is modi e d or c h an g e d in the f or m of th at c og n i t i on al
s h e ath
[ If we p au se t o e nqu i re in t o th e dr i f t Of th e tex t we s h ai l
nd th e h e ar t re g ar de d as t h e ce n tre of l i fe
I t is l ik e wi s e
m e n ti o n e d as an o r g an
I s war a b e i n g mos t i n tr i n s i c al l y
s i tu ate d re s i de s i n s i de t h e he art w h e re H e is tr an s f or me d i n t o
c og n i ti on i n tel l i g e n ce or l i fe fr om H is o r i g i n al st ate of b l i ss
ful n e ss We s ter n p h y s i ol og y k nows n oth i ng or n e x t to no
th i n g ab out t h e h e art b ey on d its c ap ac i ty of a f orci ng p u mp
dr awi n g th e b l ood ou t an d d i stri b ut i ng i t i n t o th e arter i al
c h an n el s P op ul ar l i ter ature ass i g n s a e ct ion to th e h e art and
th e exp l ode d dog ma o f an an t i qu ate d an d u ns c i e nt i c r e l i g i on
l ook s u p on i t as c on s c i e n c e b ut n ow here is th e s l i g h te s t
m e n ti on m ade of it s b e i n g th e t ab er n ac l e of I swar a or s e at of
c og n i t i on or k n owl e dg e in t h e ab s tr ac t ]

1 73
T h e wor ds mou nte d m ec h an i sm and wan der are
thu s ex p l ai n e d M e c h an i sm i n di c ate s th e p hy s i c a l b ody an d
th e c on ce i t t h at i t is my b ody is ex p re ss e d by th e wor d

mou nte d ; i n cl i n ati on for l awfu l or p r oh i b i te d act i on is t o

wan der
1 74
J i va whe n i n ue n ce d b y t h e i n h e ren t f orce o f M ay a
b e g et s an i n c l i nat i on for wor k s l awfu l or i n ter d i cte d an d
attr i bute s the m t o Sel f th u s c h an g i n g
h im i n t o an ag e n t an d
i nstru me nt T h i s is c al le d wander i ng in [ th e me s he s of ]
1

73

'

"

c on tr o l l er al re ady m e n ti on e d [an/e
al so b e ar s a s i m i l ar s i g ni c ati on to th at of wan der i ng

75

T h e wor l d

as

P ANC H AD AS I

[ IO

m e nt i on e d i n

th e S ru l z T h e ref ore f ol l ow th e meth od l ai d

d own in refere n c e t o c on tr ol le r an d th r ou g h th e h el p of
y o ur i n te l lect ap p ly i t al s o t o th e worl d and al l it s c on te n t s
[ I n s h or t rec og ni se the p re s e n ce o f th at i n t er nal k n ower I swar a
i n th e u n i ver s e an d al l it s c on te n t s ]
176
I n cl i nat i on for l awful act i ons th ou g h th ey are t he
m e an s o f v i rtue I h av e n on e n or h av e I ab s t ai n e d fr om
p r oh i b i te d work s k n owi n g th e m to c au s e th e p r oduct i on of
s in b u t mov e d as I am by the i n ter n al k n ow er r e s i di ng
w i th i n
me an d in th e way e n g ag e d by h im s o d o I act
B u t in s uc h a c on s i der ati on of dep e n de n c e of
177
i ncl i n ati on on I swar a th e re w i l l b e a c on s eque n t u sel e s sn e s s
o f th e u s u al i n ce n ti v e s [ e n de av our ] t o act i on s g oo d an d b ad ;
h e n ce to av oi d i t i t is sai d you are n ot t o c on cl u de th at
n oth i ng dep e n ds u p on th e i n di v i du al s e n de av ou r as far as th e
do i n g of acti on s or th e i r re ver s e are c on cer n e d ; for I swar a
is m odi e d or c h an g e d in th e s h ap e of wh at a p er s on is
c ap abl e of doi ng t here f o r e e v e ry wh ere t h e i ndi vi du al s
e nde av ou r is th e c h i e f c au s e of al l work s
Th ou g h th erefore I swar a is modi e d in th e f or m of
1 78
th e i ndi v i du al s e nde av ou r y et i t do e s n ot set asi de h is
c on tr ol for wh e n th at c on tr ol is ful ly re al i s e d th e u nassoci ate d
b l i ss ful ne ss of sel f is e asy t o b e c once i ve d of by th e J i va

T h at h el p s an d b r i ng s ab ou t h is e man c i p at i on so
1 79
A n d t he s e S ac re d S cr i p ture s h av e
s ay s t h e S r u l z S mr z l z etc
b ee n set do wn as th e c om man dme nt s of I swar a
S i n ce th e S r u t z m e n t i on s , T o b re ak H is c omman ds
1 80

i t is t h eref or e p l ai n e nou g h th at
is h urtful an d i nj ur i ou s
ap art fr om H is b e i n g th e i n ter n al k n o w er H e is th e S upre m e
L or d
Th e S r u / z say s th e c omman dme nt s of I swar a are a
c au s e of fe ar T h e w i nd m o ve s actu ate d b y t h e fe ar of t h e
h e n ce for a fe ar of b re ak i ng H is c omman ds wh i c h
L or d
in its tur n is h urtful an d p r oduce s sin i t is sou g h t h ere t o
e s t ab l i s h a d i ff ere nc e bet w ee n th e i nter n al k n ower and th e
Sup re me L or d ; an d t hat diff ere nce is marke d by th e sour c e
.

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'

'

'

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P A NC H AD A S I

1 12

85

N ow

th i s b ei ng
of cre ati on

d i sappe ar an c e

b ei ng or ap p e ar anc e an d
de s tructi on of th e worl d i s

an d

n on -

an d

v i e ws t h e y e n t e rt a i n h a ve not b e e n t h or ou g h l y expl a i n e d h e n ce
i n t e re s t e d m oti v e s a n d M i s s i on a ry z e a l h a d bee n co o per a ti n g
t o cl a s s t h e m a m on g s t t h e f a bul ou s cre a t i o n s of a my t h olic a g e
H a ppil y t h e p os i ti on is q u i te a l t e re d n o w a n d a s t h ere is a de s i re
th e
o f a c c e p ti n g t rut h e v e n f rom a n e n e m y s c a m p w e s ub j oi n
f oll ow i n g ex pl a n a ti on B ra h m a t h e cr e a t o r h a s a l ifeti m e of
h u n d re d y e a r s B u t t h a t peri od c over s a n i m m e n s i t y of t i m e
w h ic h s t ag g er s i m ag i n a t i on ; a n d on c om p a r a t i ve a n aly s i s w i t h
'
t h e ev i den ce f ort h c om i ng fr om a s tu dy O f t h e e a r t h s crus t a n d
it s s tr a t a t h e f a c t s d i s cl os e d b y A ry a n re s e a rc h e s t n icely i n t o
t h e bl a n k n ic h e s l e ft u n n i s h e d b y g e ol og y F or i ns t a n ce a cc or d
i ng t o t h e S u ry a S i ddh a n t a w e n d i t l a i d do w n t h a t i m m e d i a tel y
w i t h t h e a d ve n t of B ra h m a o n t h e s ce n e t h e w or k of c re a t ion did
n ot c omm e n ce t h e a t of a per s on a l cr e a t o r s o r deri n
Le t t h e
g
a n d s o on a fter t h a t f a s h i on is
w a ter s rec ed e a n d l a n d a p pe a r
n eve r a ll owe d h e re
T h e p ri m a r y pe r i od occupi e d B ra h m a for
ve m ill i o n s s ix h u n d re d s ixt y s ix t h ou s a n d ye a r s bef ore h e was
i n a p o s i ti on t o be g i n h is wor k
A ll t h i s t i m e t h e e a rt h wa s
p as s i n g t h r ou g h t h e s ev e ra l g e ol og ic a l ep oc h s its c ru s t wa s
sol i d i f y i ng or ot h er w i s e u n d e r g oi n g t h e re q ui s ite c h a n g e s t o re n
d e r i t t fo r l i fe t o a pp ea r
A n d i f i t b e re m e m bere d t h a t a day
of B ra h m a is e q u al t o 1 4 M a n a n t w a r a s 0 r M a n u s
a nd a n i h t
g
o f e q u al
le n g t h t h a t g i ves u s a pe r i od c ov e re d b y f our t h ou s an d
h u man Yu g a s or one t h ou s a n d ei g h t y f our M ah ay u g a s on e of
w h ic h l as t s for
T h eref ore
x
B ra h m a s
d ay a n d n i g h t of 2 4 h our s
T h i s m u lt i pl ie d b y 1 0 0 w ill g i ve t h e
peri od h e is t o l i ve H e h as p as s e d over s ix M a n a n t wa ras a n d
is in t h e m i ddle of t h e s eve n t h s o t h a t i f 2 4 M a n u c o n s t i tute t h e
peri od of h is d ay h e m u s t n ec e s s a ril y b e n e a r 1 2 o cl oc k noon o f
t h e ver y r s t d a y a n d a fter a not h er s u ch pe r i od t h ere w ill f oll ow
n i g h t w h e n t h e re w ill be a
pra l ay a a g a i n t o d i s a ppe a r wi t h t h e
a d ve n t of d aw n
T h i s is t h e rul e A fte r 1 0 0 y ea rs B ra h m a a l s o is
s w a ll owe d up i n t h e u n i ver s al de s truct i on a n d I s wa r a a n
d t h e re s t
a re a l l
g on e le a v i ng t h e O n e L i fe P A RA B RAH M A a b ove m e n ti on e d
T h i s is a l o n g a c cou n t of e v oluti on as u nders t ood a mong s t u s
,

P A N C H A D AS L

113

i l l u str ate d furth er by c om p ar i n g t h e m to n i g h t an d day

p r o f ou nd s l u m be r and wak i n g O pe n i ng and s h utti ng 0 f th e
eyel i ds c on te n t m e n t an d d i s tr acti on of t h e m i n d L i k e th e s e
s e ver al c on d it i on s th e re s e m b l an c e b et wee n de s truct i on an d
c re ati on is c om p l ete
1 86
B u t i t m ay b e as ke d wh eth e r I swar a as a c re at ive
s ou rce o f t h e w o rl d is i t s i n s tru m e n t al or m o d i fy i n
g c au s e ?
B ot h t h e s e v i e ws do n ot apply t o t h e c on c l u s i on s wh i c h h ave
b ee n h ere mai n t ai n e d F or I swar a h as a re q u isite f o r c e [ in
t h e f or m of M ay a] wh e re w i t h t o cre ate an d de s tr oy [ an d as
H e is se con dl e ss an d f o r m l e ss H e is n ei th er an i n str u me n t nor
a m od i fy i n
F or wh at i s f or m le ss c ann ot
g c au s e of th e w orl d]
b e m odi e d i n t o s om et h i n g el s e of a di ff ere n t s h ape an d f o r m
an d wh at is s e con dl e s s c ann ot b e re ar d e d as an i n s tru me nt
g
,

or

b eg

E
"
in ne r
.

3"

T h e word beg i n n e r re q u i res a n expl an ati on I t s S ans k ri t

e q ui v ale n t
A ra m bh a h a or A ra m bh a k a r t a c a n o n ly be s a ti s fa c t
oril y a cc ou n t e d for in t h i s m a n n e r
W h e n fr om a c om b i n a t i on
o f s ever a l c a u s e s
t h ere re s ul t s a pr od uc t e n ti r e l y d i ffere n t in
s h a pe a n d f o r m fr o m t h e m
for a c o n n ect i on of p a rt s w i t h t h e
A s for i n s t a n ce b y c o m b i n i n g
w h ol e i t is c a lle d A ra m bh a v a da
e i t h er h a lf o f a pi tc h e r is p rod u ce d a j a r w h i c h is e n t i rel y d i ffe r
H e re t h e m a t e r i a l ca u s e d oe s n ot
e n t in s h a pe fr om t h a t h a l f
l e a ve it s own s h a p e but a t h i n g is p r oduce d d iff e re n t f ro m t h a t
c a u s e ; or a s f rom a c om b i n a t i on o f on e l a m e n t w i t h a n ot h e r of
t h re a d a n e t h re a d is p roduce d o u t of w h ic h is p rodu ce d a c l o t h
h e re a l s o t h e d i ff e re n ce b e t wee n t h e c a u s e a n d i t s p ro duct c o tt o n
t h re ad a n d cl ot h is a d m i tte d ; n ow s u c h a v ie w o f beg i n n i n g in
r e g a r d t o t h e o r i g i n of t h e w orl d b y B ra h m a is i n a ppl ic a ble in
a s m u c h a s I t is s e c on d l e s s a n d t h e re
is a w a n t o f a n a cti on or
T h e n a g a i n if t h e t h e ory o f b e g i n n i ng
p r odu ct d i ff e r e n t fr o m I t
w ere t o h ol d g ood sub s e q u e n t t o t h e p rod u c t i o n o f a n a cti on i t s
c a u s e w h i c h is d i ff e re n t fro m s u c h p r odu c t c on t i n u i n g p re s e n t in
t he s a m e s t a te m u s t re q u i re i n re g a r d t o o n e c a u s e t h e b e g i nn i n g
of s ever a l p r o duct s a s ac ti on s
H e nce t h e v ie w o f a N aiy ay ika
[ Aram bh a v ada ] is incons i s te n t

P ANC H AD AS L

1 14

I s war a is se condl e ss h ow can th e n H e b e th e

Th e r ep ly
n atu r al c au s e o f b o th th e s e n t i e n t an d i n s e n ti e n t ?
is H is assoc i ate of I ll ay a is th e c au s e of i n s e n ti e n t as the
reecti on of i n tel l i g e n c e is th at of s e n ti e n t c re atu re s
1 88
O bj ecti on m ay b e t ake n in re g ar d t o I s war a wh o
i s e n do we d w i t h M ay a as t h e c au s e o f th e u n i ver s e
F or
Sure s war A ch ary a ( Vart ik k ar) d i s t i n ctly attr i b ute s t o th e
S up re m e Sel f s uc h c au sat i on I n th i s way doe s a d i sse n te r
ver se Th e S up re m e S el f
S pe ak i n th i s an d th e f o l l ow i n g
in dark n e s s or i n se n ti e n cy
ass o c i ate d w i t h M ay a ab ou n d i n g
is th e c au s e of b ody w h i l e for h is p rep on der an c e of in t e l l i
e
ce
n d acc or d i n g t o t h e c on cep ti on k n ow le dg e an d m er i t s
a
n
g
o r de m er i t s o f i n d i v i du al s w h i ch f or m th e i n s tru m e n t al c au s e
th at Sel f is t h e c au s e of b oth s e nti e n t an d
o f th ei r or i g i n
i nse n ti e n t obj ect s I n s h or t H e is t h e U n i v er sal C au s e
I n the ab ov e man n e r V art ik k ara s ay s
T h e Sup re me
1 89
Sel f and n ot I s war a is th e u n i v e r sal c au s e of b oth s e ntie n t
1 87

N ow

bet wee n t h e m od ify i ng c au s e a n d it s re s ul t i ng p r oduc t

t h ere is s a i d t o be n o d i ff e re n c e A s for i n s t a n ce c l a y m od i e d
i n t o a j a r i n ter n al or g an m od i e d in t h e f or m o f it s fu n cti on a nd
t h e m od i c a t i on of P ra k r i ti i n t o M a h a t a t wa ( acc or d i n g t o S an
I t is a f a ct w e ll k n ow n t h a t p h e n om e n a a re re g a r de d on l y
k hy a)
Th e n
a s a n o t h e r f o r m of m a tte r b y Ka pi l a a n d h is f oll ow er s
t h ere a re o t h er s wh o c ons i der i t t o be o n l y a n ot h e r m od i
ag a i n
but h ow c a n t h a t b e
F or t h e w o rl d is
c a t i o n of B ra h m a ;
m a teri a l a n d B r a h m a i m m a ter i a l ; t h e f or m er is i ns e n ti e n t t h e
l a tter i n t e ll i g e nce ; t h e r s t is n on eter na l a n d t h e l a s t eter n a l
T h u s t h e n i f i t were a m od i c a t i on o f i n t e ll i g e n ce t h a t is t o s ay
a c h a n g e d f or m o f i t i n t e l l i g e n c e w ill b e d e s t ructi ble
for w h a t is
s ub j ect t o c h a n g e is a l w a y s s o
I n re g a r d t o Vz v a r t a Ka r a n a i t is a ll e g e d wh e n a c a u s e
p ro
d uce s a re s ul t w i t h o u t u n d e r g o i n g a n y c h a n e a s fo r i n s t a n ce
g
s il ver in n a c re t h e f a u l t s a n d i n c on s i s t e n c i e s of t h e r s t t w o
m et h ods do n ot a ppl y a n d i t is t h e a c ce p te d d oct r i n e of t h e
Veda n ta for a s oluti on of t h e C os mos
N ow

1 16

P ANC H AD AS L

u nap p r op r i ate d i n n i te s p ac e [ of wh i c h i t is a p art ] so do the

i g n o r an t c on ce i v e th e on e n e ss of I swar a an d B r ah ma
B u t th at d i ff ere n c e can on ly b e c on ce i v e d b y asce r
1 95
t ai n i ng t he p urp or t u nde r t he s ix fe ature s Th e se ar e zth e
b e g i nn i ng and the e n d repet i t i on n ov el ty re sul t i l l u s tr ati on
*
b y p r ai s e an d b y sup p orti ng a r g u me nt
I f th e purp ort of
th e S ru tz b e deter m i n e d in th e ab o ve mann e r u nder th e six
m eth ods c i te d i t w i l l ap pe ar th at B r ah ma is u n as soc i ate d
( u n c on di ti on e d) wh i l e I swar a is the reecte d s h adow of ih
H e is th e c re at o r of u n i ver s e
t e ll ig e n ce i n M ay a
n c on d i ti on e d n ature o f B r ah m a is
t
h
e
u
I
n S ru t z
1 6
9
p l ai n ly se t f ort h in t h e b e g i n n i n g an d e n d : for i n s t an ce
Trut h k n o wl e dg e
i n th e b e g i n n i n g B r ah m a is d e s cr i b e d as
an d in th e c on c l u s i on
Wh om s peec h c annot
an d i n n i te

n s p e ak ab l e
r
p
u
a
s
g
1 97
T h e n ature of I swar a is n ow dec l are d by referr i ng
M ay a is the c re ati ve s ou rce of t he u n i ve rs e
t o S r u l z text

i t l i ke wi s e is th e c au se of th e i n di v i du al s e n th r al me n t
[H e
is s ubj ec t to b on dag e ]
H e n c e I s war a e n dowe d w i th p re d i
c ate of M ay a is th e c re at or wh i l e the i n di v i du al is a s ubj e c t
of mete m p syc h os i s
1 98
T h e mode in wh i c h c re ati on of I s war a t ook p l ac e
i s n ow be i n g dec l are d
[ Fr om th e s t an dp oi n t of k nowle dg e ]
H e de si re d t o b e man i f o l d an d thu s b ec am e th e c o l le c t i v e

t ot al i ty of s ub tl e b odi e s H iranyag arb h a r j u st as t he p ro

f ou nd s l u mb er i ng c ondi t i on p asse s i n t o dre ams
.

'

'

S a y s t h e Veda n t a s a ra z T h e c omme n ce m e n t a n d t h e con

e lu s i on repeti ti on n o v e l ty t h e re s ul t ill u s t ra t i on b y p r a i s e a n d b y
s upp orti n g a r g u m e n t s a re t h e m e a n s for deter m i n i n g t h e pur po r t ;
t h e r e a de r is referre d to D H O LE S Veda n ta sa ra pp
e s ubtle a s tr a l b ody h as on e o r s e ver al i n d ic a ti on s a cc or d
T
h
1
i n g t o t h e m a n n er of ob s erv i ng it c oll e c t iv e ly o r i n d i vi du a ll y l i k e t h e
w ood a n d t h e re s e rv ior or t h e tree a n d w a t e r c on s i dere d bef ore ; t h a t
is t o s ay ei t h e r i t is t h e s ub j ect of o n e I n t e llect ( Spi r i tu a l I n t e ll i
I n t h e f or me r cond i ti on i t is t h e
g e n ce or Rood/i i) or of s ever a l
4*

'

P ANC H A D A S I

1 17

w
t
o v i e ws e xp ou n de d in S r u t z in re g ar d
Fr
th
e
o
m
99
of c on s e c ut i v e s er i al p r o duc t i on [ as for i n s t an c e
t o c re at i on
e th er r st the n air re water an d e arth ] or the i r s imu l ta
n ot tel l i n g ag ai n s t on e an o t h er b oth of t h e m
n e ou s b e g i n n i n g
are wort h k n owi ng ; in the s am e m an n e r a s dre ams h ap pe n
in b oth way s c on s ecuti v el y an d s i mu l t an e ou s ly
Th e n ature of H iranyag arb h a is de ne d F or t he
2 00
c once i t th at h e is th e c o l l ect i ve ag g re g ate of s ub tl e b odi e s
an d per v ad i ng l ike a th re ad th r o u g h al l b e i ng s ( c al l e d Th re ad
S oul ) h e is th e p re di c ate of de s i r e ac t i o n and in te l l i g e n c e
of al l i n d i v i du al s
201
A s i n t h e m o r n i ng an d e v e n i ng t wi l i g h t al l obj ect s
p arti al ly c o vere d by dark n e ss c an on ly b e d i m ly p erce i v e d
s o t he o bj ec ti ve
worl d is bu t f ai n tly ap p re he n de d in th e
H irany ag arb h a c on di ti on
2 02
A s t h e s ketc h on a p i e c e of c an v as duly p rep are d
w i th s t arc h can on ly b e p l ai n l y p ercei ve d whe n d r awn w i th a
c r ay on so is th e b ody o f I s war a marke d by the s ub tl e astr al
b ody der i v e d fr om n on q u int u p 1icat ion of el e me n t s
'

T h re ad S oul or S u t ra t m a for i t perv a de s l i k e a t h re a d t h rou g h

a ll cre a te d bei n g s a n d is t h e s ub j ect i ve I n t e ll i g e n ce of H i ra ny a
I n t h e l a tter o r
g a r bh a t h u s c o n s t i tut i n g a c ollect i ve t o t a l i t y
i n d i vi d u a l con d i ti on i t is t h e s pec i a l or s e p a ra te i n tell i g e n ce of
ever y l i v i n g bei ng
C o n s ci o u s n es s ass oci a te d w i t h t h e c ollect i ve
t o t al i ty of s ubtle a s tr a l b od ie s is k no wn by t h e n a m e s of S u t ra t m a
( T h re ad S oul) for i t perv ades t h r oug h al l s uc h b od ie s l i k e a
t h rea d a n d H i ra ny ag a r bh a or P ra n a for t h e con cei t of its bei n g
t h e ve g re a t ele m e n t s in a s t a te of s i m ple u ncom b ina t ion w i t h
k n owle dg e w i ll f orce a n d a cti ve e n er g y for it s a tt ri b ute s I t is
t h e s ubtle b ody i t s el f I s wa ra ass oci a te d w it h [ M ay a ] illus i on
a b ou n d i ng in p ure
n e ss a n d for t h e c on cei t t h a t H e is t h e
o
o
d
g
P r aj n a as s oci a te d w i t h
as tr al b ody is c alle d H ira n y a g a rbh a
I g nor an ce ab ou n d i ng in i m pure g oodn e ss for a s i m il a r c on cei t
t h a t h e is th e s ub tle as tral b ody is c alle d T aij a sa
Vide D H O LE S
Vedan tasara p 2 3
-

'

1 18

P AN C H AD AS I

the te n der s t alk s

L i ke

2 03

or

l e aet s of a s ee d th at h as
th e te nde r see dl i ng ou t of

er m i nate d th i s H iranyag arb ha is

wh i c h is p r oduce d the u n i ver s e
2 04
A s in t h e f u l l b l az e of th e s u n al l obj ect s are p l ai n l y
v i s i b l e ; as th e
g ure s an d tree s an d p l an t s be ar i n g fru i t s or
in a p i ec e of p ai n ti n g
s he ath s of c or n are re n dere d m an i fe s t
l le d w i th c o l ou r s o is t h i s m ater i al wor l d pl ai n ly m an i fe s te d
in V irat s c on di t i on
Th i s V i r at is m e n ti on e d in th e fth c h apte r o f t h e
2 05

S econd A sh taka o f th e I af u r Ved a S a n h z ta an d P u r u s h S u it / a

Fr om B r ah m a to the T u rie n n e c o l u m n al l th i s u n i ver s e is
m e n t i on e d as c on s ti tut i n g th e s h ape an d f o r m of V i r at
Fr om th e u nan i mou s te st i mon y o f t h e d i ff e re n t
2 06
th e
s ect s o f wo r s h i p per s t h i s c an b e g l e an e d c o n ce r n i n g
Fr om t h e
n ature o f I s war a [ m e n ti o n e d in V er se s 2 0 2
i n ter n al k nower to a S p ade e very obj ec t is t t o b e wor s h i p pe d
u t in t h i s an d t h e t wo f o l l o w i n g
T
h
i
i
p
i
n
te
o
d
s
s
o
as I s war a
[
Th e i n ter n al k n owe r T h re ad S o ul V i r at B r ah ma
V er se s ]
V i s h n u S i v a F i re G an e sa th e k i n g of di fcul ti e s V airab
M y r al M ar ik a ( g odde ss) Y ak s h a an d R ak s h as ;
B r ah m an K sh e t ry a Vais wa S u dr a cow h or s e dee r
207
b i r d th e ea: rel zg z osa an d b any an m ang oe b ar l ey p addy
an d g r ass
2 08
W ater s t on e e arth wood an ax e an d S p ade al l
th e se are I swar a an d t o wor s h i p t h e m is m er i t or i ou s for th ey
y i e l d g ood fru i t s
A pe rs on e ng ag e d i n th e wor sh i p of s uc h obj ect s
209
der i v e s b e net acc or d i n g t o th e m ode of h is wor s h i p ; an d
i n prop orti on to th e d i g n i ty of th e O bj ec t wor sh i pp e d w i l l b e
T h at is to say t h e wo r s h i ppe r s
t he me asure of h is re war d
of l ow re pt i l e s or i n an i m ate obj ect s der i ve t h e l e as t am o u n t
of b e net wh i l e th e h i g he r di v i n i t i e s wor s h i ppe d as I s war a
b r i ng f orth th e be s t r e s u lt s
210
B u t th ere is o n ly on e m e an s for c utt i n g off me te m
p sy c h osi s and g ett i ng e manci p ate d t h at is k n owle dg e of
g

'

'

P A N C H AD AS I

I 2O

th e me sh e s of e rr or an d k now n ot th e u nassoc i ate d inte l l l

n
RA B R A H M A
i
n
a
e
c
e
th
e
P
A
I
ee
t
e
n
a
e
f
n
n
o
n
o
d
g
g
y m or e
g
w r an g l i ng ab out th e re al n atu re of I swar a an d J i v a
216
Fr om th e wo r s h i p per s of g r ass tree s b r i c k s t o
Y og ac hars al l of th e m are in err or c on ce r n i n g th e re al
n ature o f I s war a ; fr om th e f o l l ower s o f S an kh y a t o th os e o f
C h ar v ak ( Lok ay at s) al l are in err or c on cer n i n g th e n ature of
J i va
217
F or so l ong as th er e is n o ade qu te k n owl e dg e of
t h e S up re me B r ah m a th ey are al l e n t an g l e d in err o r an d
wh ere is th e i r h ap p i n e ss an d del i v er an c e ?
2 18
Th ou g h ac c or di ng to th e di g n i ty of th e i r obj ect s of
wor s h i p th ere is an ap prec i ab l e di ff ere n ce amon g s t the m
b u t of wh at b e net is i t ? O r as a k i ng dom obt ai n e d in a dre am
o r w e al th acqui re d by b e g g i n g in th at c ondi t i on i s of n ot th e
s l i g hte s t u s e w h e n th e d re am is d i s p er s e d an d th e p e r son
awake s ; s o do th e i r re s p ecti v e de v ot i on b r i n g f o rth n e i th e r
b l i ss n or e man c i p at i on fr om future re b i r th s
21
T h u s t h e n i t is i nc u mb e n t up on one de s i r ou s of
9
rel e as e i n ste ad of e ng ag i ng i n frui tl e ss di sp ute s ab out I s war a
t o as cert ai n th e n ature o f B r ah m a an d t o acqu i re th at k n ow
l e dg e ( wh i c h woul d p r oc ure del i v er an c e to h im )
2 20
I f as a m e ans of acqui r i n g t h at k n owl e dg e [of se l f]
i t b e n ece ssary t o b e g i n wi th th e n eth er m os t ru ng o f th e
l adde r wi th J i v a an d I s war a by al l m e ans do adop t th at
m eth od b ut b e ware of b e i ng e n t an g l e d in e n dl e ss di s pute s
in y our p rel i m i n ary e n qui ry an d do n ot al l ow y ou r s e lv e s to
l ose s i g h t of th at one obj ect B r ah ma
22 1
If y ou c on te nd th at acc or di ng to S ank/21 mJ i v a is
u nassoc i ate d p ure i n tel l i g e nc e an d I s war a is s i m i l arly me n
o

be n t of t h ei r w i s h es a re i n d i ff e re n t ; w h il e t h e t h i r d cl a s s i n clu de
t h os e w ho h a ve a f a i t h in t h e S h as t ra s but fr om i g n or an c e a ct a s
t h ey c h oos e W i t h pe rs ons of ab ov e de s cr ipt i on t h e a u t h or
w ri te s al l d i s pute s a re us ele s s
,

P A N C H A D AS I

121

th at t h e i n di c at i on o f Th at an d Th ou o f

t h e tr an sce n de n t al p h r ase T h at art T h ou

c i te d in Y og a
S lz as fr a c an b e cl e arl y as c e rt a i n e d to i n d i c ate J i v a an d I s war a
T h e rep ly is in S p i te o f t h e o n e n e s s o f p r operti e s b ot h i n
I s war a an d J i v a Y og a P /z z fosop /zy m ai n t ai n s an actu al ex i s ti n g
d i ffere n c e b et wee n t h e t wo w h i c h is n o t t h e c on cl u s i on o f ou r
Vedan ta
D o t h eref ore l i s te n
222
We ( Ve dan t i n s ) do s o m eti m e s av a i l o ur s e l ve s of t h e

i n di c ati on of t h e t wo w ords T h at an d T h ou as a s tep for

f ac i l i t ati n g t h e c o m p re h e n s i o n o f n o n du al i ty o t h er wi s e t h e y
are n ot for e s t abl i s h i n g a c tu a l ly a d i ffe re n c e in t h e i r s ig n i ca
t i on I n ot h er wor ds w h e n t hey are s p ok e n o f s ep ar ately as
c on vey i n g e ac h a s ep ar ate s i g n i c ati o n i t is on ly for t h e
purp os e of e s t ab l i s h i n g an i de n t i ty of i n di c at i on w h i c h re fer s
t h e I n divrd u al Sel f an d t h e
t o t h e o n e an d s a m e t h i n g v z z
U n i v er sal Sel f are on e
2 23
O n e e n tr an ce d i n t h e m e s h e s o f M ay a w h i c h is
w i t h out a b e g i n n i n g is ap t t o c on ce i ve of a di ffere n ce b et wee n
J i v a an d I s war a ; an d for p re ve n ti n g s uc h an e rr o ne o u s n oti on
o f s ub s i s ti n g d i ffere n ce t h e s i g n i c ati o n o f t h os e wo r ds are
cl e are d of al l i n c on s i st e n c i e s an d m ade t o i n di c ate n on
d u al i ty
T h at can b e don e in t h e sam e way as in t h e i n s t an ce s
224

l
re
y
c
i
te
bef
re
O i t h e s p ace ap pr o p r i ate d by a j ar
o
d
ad
a
h av i n g n o di ffere n ce w h atever w i t h t h e i n n i te s p ace o f wh i c h
i t is a m ere u n i t or as b et wee n t h e et h er o f water an d t h at o f
c l ou d the diffe re n c e is n il
A s in th e i n s t an ce of t h e ethe r of water an d cl ou d a
225
d i ffere n ce in t h e i r as s oc i ate s [ water an d c l ou d re s pecti vely ]
c on s ti tute s the di ffere n ce o f t h e t wo w h i ch is far fr o m re al ;
recept acl e s t h e et h er p re s e n t in a j ar an d th at
a n d th ei r
i n n i te b ody wh i ch l l s al l s p ace are pure for t h ey are u n
ass oci ate d
S o t h e b l i ss ful s ac ( I s war a) an d t h e c og n i ti on al ( J i v a)
2 26
are depe n de n t on the assoc i ate s o f I ll u s i on ( Ili ay a) an d I n
t ion e d in

Y og

a,

or

'

'

'

16

P AN C H AD AS I

I 22

re specti ve ly ; an d th e i r o ccup ati on or se at

B r ah m a an d U n i f o r m I n te l l i g e n ce are e v e r pure [ an d u n rel ate d ]
227
I f i t b e s ai d in o r der to arr i ve at a p r o pe r u n der

a
r
in re g
d t o t he i n di c ati on o f t h e wor ds T h at an d
s t an di n g
T h ou n o h ar m c an re sul t in th e admi ss i on of th e v i e ws of
S an /e/zy a an d Y og a for t h ey h el p t o e s t ab l i s h t h e m e an i n g
c l e arl y ; t h e repl y is we m ay as wel l t ak e th e h el p of t h e d oc
tri n e s o f a C h a r v ak a for c o m p re he n d i n g th e i n di c at i on o f th e

f ood ful s ac an d t h at [ t h e p h y s i cal b ody ] is t to b e c on s i der

e d [ by t h e h el p o f t h i s b orr o we d i n terpret at i o n ] as s el f
S i n c e bet wee n t h e doctr i n e s of th e Vedan/a an d
2 28
t h os e o f S an ky a and Y og a t h ere i s m arke d di ffere n ce i t is
i m p os s i b l e t o expect an y ag ree me n t T h i s th e aut h o r s h e ws

a
n d Y og a
w
a
n
n
t
a
n
a
t
h
e
f
l
l
i
er
A
cc
r
i
n
m
o
d
n
o
S
/
e

o
in
o
y
g
g
t h ere is a d i ffere n ce in Sel f ; an d t h e worl d is re al and I s war a
U n l e ss
is s om et h i n g d i s ti n c t fr om t h e wor l d an d J i v a ( Y og a)
t h ey s e t as i de t h e s e doctri n e s there c an b e n o ag ree m e n t
b et wee n t h e m and a V e dan t in
I f th e que sti on be as ke d wh at n ec e ssi ty is t h ere for
2 29
n on d u al i ty
s i n c e a k n owl e dg e of th e u n rel ate d
as cert ai n i n g
c on d i ti on of f z oat ma is e n ou g h t o p r ocur e r el e as e ? T h e
re ply is in t h at c ase an i n di vi du al may x h is b el i ef on t h e
re al i t y of se n s u ou s e nj oy me n t as g arl an d an d s an dal an d con
att ai n h is rel e as e
s i de rin g th e m t o b e ever l as ti n g
Th at is t o s ay as i t is i m p os s i b l e t o re g ar d a
2 30
etc i n th e l i g h t of re al an d eter n al sub s
g arl an d san dal
t an ce s s o i t is i m p oss i bl e to s ep ar ate th e J i va fr om h is
rel ati on s h i p wi t h I s war a an d t h e u n i ver s e
W hy ? B ec au s e h e is m ater i al in c ons ti tuti on ; an d
2 31
M atter ( P rakr it i Ay n a na or Z lf ay a ) h as al way s t h e p ro
perty o f c re at i ng re al u n re al ; m ore over I s w ar a is h is
c on tr ol l e r ; h ow t h e n c an h e g e t rid o f future re i n c ar n at i on s
w he n h e is th u s p l ace d b et wee n M atter an d I s war a del u de d
b y t h e r s t an d c on tr ol l e d by t h e l as t ?
2 2
B u t wan t of a r i g h t di scr i mi nat i on is al on e th e
3
t e l l e ct

'

P AN C H A D A S L

1 24

t h e m i l c h c ow M ay a h as t wo c al ve s J i v a an d
I s war a wh o acc or di n g t o t h ei r i n cl i n at i o n dri n k t h e m i l k o f
du al i ty b ut t h at doe s n ot aff e ct n on du al i ty an y h ow n or c an
c au s e i t an v i n j ur y
2 37
E xcep t a d i ffere n ce in n am e th ere is n o d i ff ere n c e
re al ly pre se n t bet wee n t h e U n i f o r m I n tel l i g e n ce an d B r ah m a
j u s t as t h ere is n on e w h ate ver b et w ee n t h e S p ace app r opr i ate d
b y a j ar an d t h e g re at b ody of i t o ut s i de i n n i te ethe r
2 36

But

T h at N on du al P r i n c i pl e o r E nt i t y [ S e c on dl e ss
B r ah m a] w h i ch w as p re s e n t p r i o r t o t h e c re at i on of th e
u n i ver s e ( as is sai d i n t h e S ru l z ) is eve n pre s e n t n ow an d w i l l
s o c on ti n ue i n th e futu re
d ur i n g e m an c i p at i on ; there is
n o doub t ab out t h at
b ut it is true T h e n wh y are p e opl e
I g n or an ce or
g e n er al l y s o f on d of cre ati n g a di ffere n ce ?
I l l u s i on al on e l e ads p e op l e astr ay an d t h at is th e re as on wh y
t h e g e n e ral it v of m ank i n d are f on d o f c re at i n g a di ffere n c e
b et wee n t h e I n di vi du al S e l f an d B r ah m a
2 39
B u t t h e q ue s ti on i s i f th e u n re al i ty of th e u n i ver s e
an d re al i ty o f t h e s e c o n dl e ss E n ti ty or P ri n c i p l e
B r ah ma
w h i c h f or m t h e s ub j ect u n de r c on s i der ati on b e an e s t ab l i s h e d
c on v i cti on w i th t h e w i s e wh y are t h ey f o u n d t o b e h ave l ik e
W
a m an o f t h e w o rl d [ i g n o r an t ?
h ere th e n is th e n ece s s i ty
]
of ac q u i r i n g
k n o w l e dg e o f s el f T h eref o re i t is sai d fr om
t h e f orc e of f ructe s ce n t w or k s m an y w i s e p e r so n s are f ou n d
t o h ave t h e s am e i n cl i n ati on fo r u s i n g m ateri al o b j ect s as th ey
w ere accu s t o m e d t o p ri o r t o t h e r i s i n g o f k n o w l e dg e but as
t hey are free fr om i l l u s i on t h ey are n eve r e n s n are d in its
m e s h e s as i g n or an t p er s on s are
T o s h o w t h at t h e w i s e are free fr om e rr or th e op p o
2 40
s i t e c on d i ti o n o f t h e i g n o r an t is b ei n g
r s t c i te d h ere T h e
i g n o r an t h ave a rm b e l i ef in t h ei r m i n d as t o t h e re al i ty o f
e n j oy m e n t o r s u ff er i ng b ot h in t h e p re s e n t s p h ere as w el l in
t h e n e xt [ h e ave n
an d t h ere i s n ei t h e r r oom for th e
s e co n dl e s s B r ah ma n or is I t d i s c er n i bl e in t h e i r m i n d
2 38

'

P A NC H A D AS I

h ave an ex actly O p p os i te b el i ef ; h e nc e
i n d i v i du al pe rcept i on an d c on v i cti on
acc or d i n g
to t h e i r
p e o pl e c re ate e i t h er b on dag e o r rel e as e
242
[ A r g u m e n t s for e s t ab l i s h i n g th e re al itv o f B r ah ma
Th e
an d u n re al i ty o f t h e u n i ver s e are n o w bei n g g i ve n ]
m an ife st ib il ity of t h e se con dl e s s B r ah m a is der i ve d fr o m t h e
I t m ay b e c on te nde d as
S aas t ras a n d n ot fr om ex per i e n ce
t he se co dl e ss B r a h ma is n o t v i s i b l e h e n c e i t is i m p o ss i b l e t o
any d e n i te p rec i s i o n
as cert ai n I t w i t h
B u t t h i s as s er t io n i s
u n te n ab l e i n asm uc h as B r ah m a i n t h e f or m of i n te l l i g e n ce is
e very wh ere m an i fe s t an d is c l e arly t h e s ubj ect o f percepti o n
an d exper i e n c e i n e very i n d i vi d u al
T h e n ag ai n i f i t b e s ai d
t h i s m an ife stib il ity of i n tel l i g e n ce c an b e adm i tte d b ut as its
e n ti re n e ss c an no t be p erce i ve d t h e u n i ver s e al s o in its e n t i rety
is n ot p erce i ve d t h eref o re y ou are c on s tr ai n e d t o adm i t an
e q u al i ty bet wee n n on d u al B r ah m a an d t h e du al obj ec ti ve
worl d so far as an ab s e n ce of c om pl ete pe rc ep ti on g oe s ; an d
i f in re g ar d t o th e l atte r t h at doe s n ot s t an d in t h e w ay of
y ou r c oncept i on why is B r ah m a t o re mai n u nm an i fe s te d
th en P
24
3 T hu s th e n th e man ife s tib il ity o r perce pti on of b ot h
th e p h e n o me n al an d n ou m e n al in th e s am e p r ov i n ce b e i ng
e q u al i f t h at doe s n ot p re ve n t y ou fr o m e n q u i r i n g i n t o t h e
re al i ty o f t h e f o r mer w h at o bj ecti on c an t h e re b e t o h ol d a
s i m i l ar v i e w w i th re g ar d t o th e s e con d l e s s B r ah m a
2 44
N o w t h e V e dant in s op p on e n t adopt s a d i ffe re n t l i n e
H e s ay s t he
o f ar g u m e n t t o do away w i t h n on du al i ty
24 1

Th e

1 25

w i se

b o il e d r i ce b y f l i g
ric
le of
it s c on te n t s a re k n ow n t o h a v e b e e n w e l l c ook e d s o b y t h e f a c u l t y
o f a s c e rt a i n m e n t re s i d i n g i n s i d e t h e p hy s ic a l b ody i n i n tell i g e n ce
fel i i t y
ful n e s s ete rn a l fr e e dom u n a s s oc ia t ion e tc w h i ch
c
B ra h m a is e n do w e d w it h a re e a s il y p e rce i ve d in ev e r y i n d i vi d u al
s e lf a ft e r t h e d e s t ruc t i on o f i g n ora n ce h a s ce as e d to p r oduce a n y
m ore ill u s i on
A s in

p ot o f

ee

e,

on e

th e wh o

1 26

P AN C H AD A S L

H e n c e non du al i ty an d it s
rever s e are n atur al l y o p p os e d t o e ac h ot h e r ; an d fr om a
percept i on of t h e ph e n om e n al n o n ou me n al c an b e m ade Ou t
A dop t i n g a s i m i l ar c ou r se t h e V e dan t in m ay a s w el l e xcl ai m
f r om t h ei r n atur al an t ag on i s m w h e n th e s e con dl e ss B r ah m a
( n ou me n al ) is m an i fe s te d t h e p h e n ome n al m u s t ce as e T h u s
t h e n b oth O f u s are e q u al l y pl ace d s o t o s pe ak ; b ut h is
O pp on e n t re pl i e s t o t h i s T h e p er c epti o n o f i n tel l i g e n ce is
n ot o pp os e d t o t h e p h e n o m e n al
h e n ce w e are n ot in t h e s am e
p os i ti on I n ot h e r wo d s fr o m an ab s e n ce of an t ag on i s m
b et wee n y our p ercept i o n O f th e n on du al B r ah m a in in te ll i
e
ce
u
l
i
ty
t
h
ere
i
n o s i m i l ar i ty w i th th e q ue s ti o n
a
s
a
o
u
r
d
n
n
d
g
r a i se d by y ou an d m e

se con dl e ss

is wi th out

du al i ty

i nas m uch as th e p h e n om e n al is u n re al t h ou g h
i t is m an i fe ste d its re al i ty ( ap p are n t ) is n ot O p p os e d t o t h at
s ay s i n refere n ce
O f th e s e con dl e ss B r ah m a an d a
t o i t I f y ou s ay s o t h e n l i s te n t o m e : t h e p h e n om e n a l is i n
i m pe r m an e n ce o r n on e x i s te n c e
a c o n di ti on o f n on b e i n g
b
ut
ful
l
i
l
l
u
i
o
n ; an d t h at B r ah m a is th e on ly R e al i ty
o
f
s
a
s
a
t
(
)
w h i c h n o p ral ay a can aff ect b ut c on ti n ue s t o th e e ri d ful l y
m an i fe ste d
245

But

b e i n g i l l u str ate d z T he se u n t h i n k
ab l e worl ds are f ul l of i l l u s i on an d c re ate d o u t o f i t h e n c e
th ey are u n re al H av i ng thu s as ce rt ai n e d t h e m i t i s n atur al
t o c on s i der B r ah m a as t h e on ly R e al i ty
[ U n th i nk ab l e
th e se worl ds for t h e i r
s i g n i e s w h at i s n ot t for th i n k i n g ;

b ei ng m ater i al are u n re al an d for t he matter o f th at i n de s

Th e ref ore h av i ng f ou nd ou t t h e u n re al i ty of th e
c rib ab l e
p h e n om e n al t o re g ar d th e se con dl e ss B r ah m a as t h e onl y
R e al i ty is b ut n atu r al ]
2 46

TO

th e

e nd

is

If s ub seque n tly th e re al i ty of p h e no m e n a re ass ert s

ag ai n i n y our m i n d afte r h av i n g k n o wn t h e m t o b e u n re al
y o u are ag ai n t o h ave rec our s e to ar g u me n t s an d an aly s i s
o v er and o v er
t i l l th at e rr or c e ase s to ex i st [ an d for s uc h
2 47

1 28

P ANC H AD AS I

ture can o n ly b e f o u n d ou t by arg u me n t an al vs is

an d n ot by exper i e n ce
B u t ob j ec ti o n m ay b e
a n d de duct i o n
t ak e n t o i t for the exper i e n ce of the e x q u i s i tely be auti fu l c om
p os i t i o n of the u n i ver s e wh i c h is q u i te u n t h i n k ab l e * an d fo r
its b ei n g a s ubj ect of c og n i ti on for t h e w i t n e s s i t c an n o t b e
m a i n t ai n e d t h at its u n re al i ty is al on e c ap ab l e of b e i n g deter
m i n e d by ar g u m e n t s an d n ot expe r ie n ce
A n d t h a t i s n ow
b e i ng re move d as f ol l o ws
I t is n ot t o b e s ai d th at t h e dis cri
m i nati on of u n re al i ty p r ocee ds fr om ar g u m e n t on ly w h e re
t h e wi t n e s s h as an exper i e n ce O f t h e u n t h i n k ab l e c om p os i t i on
[ of t h e p h e no me n al ]
2 53
Th at u n th i nk ab l e ( c o m p os i ti on ) is an i ndic at i on or
s i g n o f th e f al s i ty O f an O b j ect ; b ut a d i s s e n ter s eek s t o c on
h ect i t w i th th e p e rv as i on of i n tel l i g e n c e o f s el f
an d say s
i n te l l i g e n c e is e n dowe d w i th i t T o th i s th e rep ly is fr om a
w an t O f pr i or c on t act or c om b i n at i o n t h e u n t h i n k abl e co m
p os i t i on is one i n di c at i on o r s i g n O f n on du al i ty ; an d t h e
V e dan t in adm i t s t h e u n t h i n k abl e s ource of s el f b ec au s e h e
m u st b e ei t h er th at o r it s rever s e ; in th e l atte r c on ti n g e n cy
h is o r i g i n m u s t b e c ap ab l e o f bei n g c on ce i ve d w i th e as e
w h i c h is n ot a f ac t b ec au s e eter n al ; h e n ce t h ere is n o othe r
u n th i n k abl e etc
a l ter n ati ve b ut t o c al l h im
2 54
H ow c an i n tel l i g e n c e sai d to b e eter n al ? B ec au s e
I f any on e w ere t o
n oth i n g c an b e c on ce i ve d an tece d i n g i t
i n tel l i g e n ce h as a p r i o r c on di t i on h e is t o b e aske d
s ay
Wh at i t is ? W h eth er i t is c on ce i ve d by i ntel l i g e n ce or by
i n s e n ti e n cy
N ow th e n of th e t wo p ri or c on dit i on s e i ther o f
i n tel l i g e n c e or i n s e n ti e n cy i n se n t i e ncy c annot b e th e in stru
m e n t of di sc over i n g i n tel l i g e n ce an d h e n c e c an n ot p rece de i t ;

i l l u sory

na

c ons t ructi on of ach i n va m ch a n a is w h a t h a s b e e n

i
v
h
re
t
h
t
u l d s i g n i f y e i t h e r t h e w o rt h le s s n e s s of t h i n k i n
w
n
e
o
e
a
g
g
for b e i n g o ut s i d e o f s e lf a n d a
a b ou t t h e s o u r c e O f t h e w orl d
d u a l i t y ; o r w h a t c a n n o t be acc u ra tel y s u i mis ed f rom t h i n k i n g
s o v as t a n d u n k n ow n
L i ter al
,

P ANC H AD AS L

1 29

th e r st v i e w t he que st i on i s wh eth er inte l l i

s ame i n tel l i g e n c e or by an oth e r
e
t
h
e
n ce is p erc e i v e d by
g
i n tel l i g e n c e t o c on s t i tute a pr i or C on di t i on ; of th e m i f i t be
s ai d in rep ly t h at th e p r i or c on d i ti on O f i n tel l i g e n c e is qu i te
d i s ti n ct fr om t h e sam e i n tel l i g e n ce i t W i l l t h e n am ou n t t o an

n
a
a
d
t
w
n
s
an d as n on du al i ty
i
i
o
i
tel
l
i
e
ce
u
l
i
ty
a dm ss on of
g
doe s n ot rec og n i s e an oth e r i n te l l i g e n c e an d e ve n for ar g u
m e n t s s ak e adm i tt i ng its ex i ste n ce th ere wil l y et b e w an t i n g a
c o O per ati on ( p rot zy og z ) o f th at i nt e l l i g e n ce w i th ou t wh i c h it s
T h en
k n owl e dg e or percept i on w i l l be c l e arly i m p os s i b l e
ag ai n
wi th th at p ercepti on by an oth e r ( pr i or ) i n te l l i g e n c e
t h i s on e ( i n te l l i g e n ce ) wi l l b e re duce d t o th e c on di t i on of
T h u s t h e n t h e re re mai n s
i n se n ti e n cy l i ke th at of a j ar etc
t h at other con s i der ati on wh i c h s et s f o rth i nt e l l i g e n c e b e i n g
E v e n t h at is u n te n ab l e
m an i fe ste d b y t h e s am e i n tel l i g e n c e
f or wan t or ab s e n c e of a th i ng c an n ot b e p e r c e i ve d by i t se l f
M ore ov er in r e g ar d t o p h e n om e n a owi n g t o a d i ffere n c e in
t h e de mon strat or th e i n ter n al o r g an an d th e re s t
an d for
an u tter i m p oss i b i l i ty Of perce i v i n g an ab s e n c e of th at d u al i t y
( th e worl d) b y i ts el f an d for an ab s e n ce of anoth e r i nst ru
m e n t a p r i or ag e n t Of t h at du al i ty it may as we l l b e s ai d
the phe
t h at l ik e t h e wan t of p r i or c on di ti on of i n tel l i g e n ce
of an oth e r s ub s t an c e
n ome nal h as al s o n o p r i o r c o n d i t i on
T h ere f ore i t i s s ai d th e p ri or c ondi t i on of
p rece di ng i t
d u al i ty is c on c e i v e d by i n te l l i g e n c e
2 55
T h e p h e n om e nal wi th a p r i or c ondit i on [ in inte ll i
g e n c e] is merel y a p r oduct j u s t as a j ar is yet it s c om p os i t i on
i s u n th i n k ab l e an d for th e m att er of th at f al s e an d u n re al
l ike p h an t as m ag or i a
2 56
T hu s t he n h av i ng s h e wn [ante 2 4 2 2 54] th e m an i
f e stib il ity of i n tel l i g e n c e i n th e b e g i n n i ng
i t is c on seque n t l y
an d v i s i b ly p ercept i b l e ; s av e an d b ey on d i t
e v er y
e ter n al
is u nre al an d th at u n re al i ty is p erce i ve d th r ou g h
o th er th i n g
t h e s am e i n te l l i g e nce
B u t th e n Obj ec ti on m ay b e t ake n as t o
t he tang i b i l i ty or vi si b i l i ty of th e n on du al se condl e ss R e al i ty
With refere nc e

to

'

'

'

'

3o

P A N C H A D A sr
.

B r ah ma

e n ce t h e a

uth o r p r ocee ds t o c le ar i t away I rr

t e l l ig e n ce is v i s i b l e
an d t h r o u h
i t u n re al i ty of p h e nom e n a
g
i s c o n ce i ve d c on s eque n tl y t h e as s erti on t h at t h e s e con dl e s s
e n t ity iB rah ma i s n ot v i s i b l e w o ul d i m p ly c o n tr ad i cti on
2 57
I f i t b e s ai d n ot wi t h s t an di n g t h e e x p l an ati on ab ov e
g i ve n after th e Vedan ta t h ere are ye t m an y V e dan t in s wh o
h ave n o f ai t h in i t an d w hy s o ? T h e r ep ly is n ot d ii cu l t t o
n d : for in th e c as e o f C ha rvak: m an y O f w h om are w el l
ver s e d in l og i c an d s ou n d re ason i ng y e t are t h ey f ou n d m is
t ak i ng s el f w i t h t h e p h y s ical b o dy an d w h y is th is ?
2 8
I f y o u s ay f r o m wan t o f a c l e ar i n tel l ec t t h ey are
5
u nab l e t o d i s cr i m i nate p r o perl y th e n I m ay as wel l c on c l u de
f r om a wan t of p r op e r s tu dy o r r i g h t i n ter p ret ati on of th e
S /z as/r as t h os e V e dan t in s s h e w n o f ai th in th e ex p l an at i o n
ab o ut th e v i s i b i l i ty O f th e se con dl e s s R e al i ty
Whe n b y a p r op e r as cert ai n m e n t o f th e s e con dl e ss
2 59
R e al i ty de s i re s s e ate d in th e m i n d an d p as s ion s are al l de s
t roye d th e n an i n d i v i du al att ai n s del i ver an ce in l i fe ; an d in
h is p re s e n t l i fe h e e nj oy s s upre m e fel i c i ty
T h i s e ffect of s el f
k n owl e dg e is m e n t i on e d in t h e S r u / z an d i t is i m p oss i b l e t o
de n y i t for i t is a v i s i b l e re s ul t
Wh e n k n owl e dg e of s el f ar r i ve s
A s for i n s t an ce
2 60

m atur i ty t h e j o i n t s O f t h e h e art are al l d e s tr oy e d

S ru l z

J o i n t s refe r t o de s i re s an d p ass i on s

B u t h ere de s i re s
refe r t o t h e m i s t ak e n i de n ti ty of
2 61
e g oi s m ( A ll a nkara ) an d i ntel l i g e n ce as i n st an ce d in th e u se
O f t h e r s t per s o n al p r on ou n I an d it s d efl ec t i on s m i n e etc
T h ou g h t h e ab o ve de s i re s are s ource s o f ev i l y e t
2 62
i n refere n ce t o e g oi s m i f i n tel l i g e n c e b e kep t ap art an d s ep ar
at e an d n ot m i xe d u p w i th i t an d in th at c on di ti on o f a l i e n a
t i on of i n tel l i g e n ce k e pt d i s ti n ctl y in v i e w m i l l i on s an d te n s of
m i ll i o n s of de s i re s w i l l n ot b e pre j u d i c i al t o k nowle dg e [ of
fo r t h e m atu r i ty O f k n ow l e dg e h as al re ady de s tr oy e d t he
s el f ]
j oi n t s o f t h e h e art [ as h as b ee n me n t i on e d a l re ady ]
2 53
A s for a p rep on de r an ce of de me r i t s in y ou t h e
.

-v

'

'

P AN C H AD AS h

1 32

pr i or t o th e de str ucti on of desi re s and?

p ass i on s of th e h e art t he r e is n o p oss i b i l i ty of any c onn ect i on
O f de s i re s w i th t h e u n re l ate d b l i ssful n e s s of th e Sup r e m e Sel f
h e n ce th ere w i l l b e n o m ore f or g etful n e s s ab out i t for i t
m e an s th e s am e th i n g as de s truct i on of t h e h e art s j oi n t s an d
th at s h al l c on sti tute y ou r s u cce ss
2 66
I f you s ay i g n or an t p er s on s k n ow it n ot h e n ce i t
i s th e n am e for a h e art s j o i n t for the di ffere n c e be t wee n a
wi s e an d i g n or an t is k n own by t h e p re se n c e or ab se n ce of
th ose j o i n t s
2 67
B et wee n th e i g n or an t an d wi s e th er e is no d i ffe re n c e
wh atever s o far as an at t ac h m e n t or it s re v er s e for th e p hy si
c al b o dy o r g an an d i n tel l e c t is c on cer n e d
2 68
A s for e x am p l e b et wee n on e wh o h as th e sac re d
t h re ad an d on e wh o h as i t n ot th ou g h b e l on g i n g t o the
s am e c as te th ere is n o d i ff ere nc e so far as th e rul e s of f ood
d i ffere n c e c on si s t s in th e
are c on ce r n e d b ut t h e i r actua l
qu al i fi c at i on O f th e f or mer for t h e s tu dy of th e Vedas t o wh i c h
t he l atter is dis e n t i tl e d
26
D e s truc t i on s of p ass i on s an d de s i re s in th e h e ar t
9

XI V
of th e wi s e is p r ov e d by a refere n ce t o t h e G zz a ( C h ap
v 2 2 ) as f ol l ows
They n e i th er s h e w an av er si on for
m i ser i e s al re ady b ef al l e n n or ev i de n c e a d e s i re for h ap p i n e ss
b ut l i ke a p er s on q u i te u n aff ecte d b y th e m al l ow th i ng s t o

t ake th ei r u s u al c our s e an d th i s is c al l e d de struct i on of the

h e art s m al ady
270
B u t th e tex t q u ote d fr om th e G zl a may b e c on st rue d
as a p i ec e of c ou n se l for th e w i s e ; i t ask s t h e m t o b e qu i t e
u n a e ct e d e i th er by p l e asure or its r e v er se
an d is th eref or e
If

2 65.

you

s ay ,
,

'

'

T h e S a n s k r i t w or d Gr a n t h i m e a n s a j oi n t but t h e h e a r t
h as n o j o i n t i t l i k e w i s e m e a n s a k n ot w h ic h eve n i t h as n ot
t h eref ore i t s i g n i e s cr ook e dn e s s a m al ady etc ; a s t h ere ca n
h a r d l y be a n y g ri ev ou s m i s t a k e a b out i t
I h a v e all owe d i t t o
re ma i n a nd t h is expl an at i on is h ar dly c al le d for

P A N C H A D AS L

1 33

p roof of de stru c t i on Of th e h e art s m al ady p ass i on s an d

I f a di sse n ter w oul d ar g ue i n th i s s tr ai n th e s ig n i
d e s i re s

c an c e of th e wor d
l z lz e in th e ver s e woul d b e re n dere d
futi l e ; an d i f i t b e al l e g e d t h at fr om wan t o f th e re q u i s i t e
s tre n g th in th e b ody
th e wis e are p reve n te d fr om work s [ s o
t h at vi rtu al ly th e y c an n o t b e s ai d t o h ave de s tr oye d t h e i r
d e s i re s he n c e th ey ab st ai n fr om act i on s ] th e n as a mece s
sary de du c t i on
it woul d f ol l ow th at th e wi s e are i l l an d
s uff er i n g
27 1
I f y ou re g ar d a k n o wer of s el f p erfec tl y p as s i ve an d
i n di ff ere n t t o pl e asu re or p ai n as a s i ck m an h ow very cre di t
ab l e is th at to y our i n tel l ect an d h o w c l e ar is y o ur k n owl e dg e
W h at n ex t ?
272
I f y ou sup p or t y ou r assert i on b y ci t i ng th e P u ranr
as a te s t i mon y wh e re i t is s ai d
B h ar at an d ot h er s were al i k e
Wh at p reve n t s
b u t t h ey we re s i ck
s up re mel y i n di ff ere nt
ns
E
m
n
o
n
w
fr
t
k
i
n
te
f
th
e
r
t
text
h
i
c
h
e
t
i
ve
u
m
a
n
o
S
ze
o
o
o
z
g
y
an d s e x u al
i n ter c ou r s e a th e osop h i st act s
i n e ati ng pl ay i n g

l i k e one i ndi ff ere n t

273
l ik e
B h arat an d oth e r s did n ot l i v e wi th out e at i ng
wood an d s t on e xe d in on e p l ac e b ut fr om fe ar O f C om p any
t h ey l i v e d s up re m e l y i ndi ff ere n t t o p l e as ure an d p ai n
274
A n d t h at av oi dan c e O f c om p an y owe d its or i g i n t o
th e f ol l owi ng r e ason P e opl e wh o m ix mu c h in c om p any are
ofte n f ou n d addi c te d t o h ar mfu l work s an d t h os e w i th out i t
e nj oy fe l i ci ty ; h e n c e for a pe r son de s i r ou s of h ap p i n e ss
av o i dan c e of com an y i s al way s e s s e n t i al
p
27 5
D u l l and ig nor an t p er s on s u n acqu ai n te d wi t h t h e
dr i ft Of th e S ac re d Wr i ti n g s attr i bute de m er i t to a th e os o p h i s t
who has n o i nward l on g i n g for c om p an y b ut t o al l ap pe ar
an e c s ex te rnal l y
e n g ag e d in th e p r ac t ic e Of p l ay i n g on a
mu s i c al i nstru me n t or acc omp any i ng i t v oc al l y ; l et th e m do
i t as it can b r i ng f ort h no e vi l for th e u n assoc iate d c ondi t i on
of s e l f is a n atur al i n fere n c e to u s
[ and a m atter of f ac t]
27 6
I ndi ff erence knowl e dg e and materi al ab sti ne nc e

no

'

'

P ANC H A D A S L

34

h elp mate s of :e ac h o th er ; in m any i ns t an ce s t hey are

p re s e n t t og ether in t h e same p e r s on an d s ometi me s s ep ar ately
in d i ffere n t
277
B u t th e i r c au s e n atu re an d ac ti on ( re s ul t ) are
d i ff ere n t an d are n e ve r o f O n e an d th e s am e s h ap e h e n c e for
a th e osop h i s t i t i s p r o p e r t o d i s cr i m i n ate t h e i r d i ff ere n c e
278
T o p ry i n t o t h e defect s O f al l s ubj e c t s is th e s our ce

a re

I f w e t a k e a l i t tl e p a i n t o e n q ui re i n t o t h e u s u al p h a s e s of
a n e a rt h l y ex i s t e n c e w e s h a ll n d e ve ry w h e re w e a re s ub j ecte d t o
p a i n v a ry i n g in i n te n s i t y a n d c h a rac te r F or i n s t a n ce in i n tr a
u t e r i n e l ife t h e f oe t us is s u rr ou n de d
b y a n d e n c om p a s s e d on a ll
t h e ute ru s i t oa t s in a q u a n t it y of u i d a n d l i ve s
s i de s w i t h
e n ti rel y o n t h e m ot h e r s bl oo d ; f ro m h er r ou g h m o ve m e n t s i t
is i n d e e d p r o t e c t e d b y t h e ui d b ut y et i t h a s t o c h an g e p os i ti o n
bef ore d e l i ve ry t a k e s pl ac e a n d t h a t i s a tte n de d w i t h p a i n a l i k e t o
t h e m ot h e r a s t o h e r off s p ri n g
I t s n urture a n d g r ow t h a re
a t t e n de d w i t h t h e s a m e a n x iet y a n d c os t s a d e a l o f t ro ubl e
So
o n t ill ol d a g e
w h e n t h e l i m b s r e f u s e t o c a r r y t h e w ei g h t of t h e
b ody t h e S p i n e is double d u p s i g h t a n d h e a ri ng a re al mos t g on e
t e et h h a ve l e ft t h e j a w s a ll ow i n g a n i n ce s s a n t d ribbl i n g of t h e
a s ou rce of n u i s a n ce b ot h t o t h e p e r s on a n d w i t h w h om
s a l i va
h e s p e a k s h e l os e s c on tr ol o ver h is excr e m e n t s a n d t h e y
h is r e l a t i v e s a re n ot
e s c a pe s o m eti m e s q ui te u n n o tice d fo r w h ic h
c h a r i t a ble e n o ug h t o o verl ook H e is re p ri m a n d e d a s a n O l d
u s e l es s dog h is d i s s oluti on is p r a y e d for by t h e f a m il y w h e n h e is
c on n e d in a b e d of s i c k n e s s a n d i f it h a ppe n s t o be a c h r on ic
H e h as
m a l a dy m a n y a re t h e c u r s e s s h ow ere d up on h is he a d
w
n
l
a n d u s e l e s s n o n e c a re s fo r l i i m
n ot e ve n h is c h il d re n
r
o
d
o
g
U n de r s u c h c i rc u m s t a n c e s w h o is t h ere t h a t s h oul d n ot c ul ti v a t e
a n a ver s i o n t o l i fe a n d i t s repe a t e d re i n c a r n a ti on
H e nce i t is
s a i d a m a n of i n d i ff er e n c e s h o u l d a l w ay s
t a k e t h i n g s a t t h ei r
n a tur a l l i h t o r re a l w o rt h a n d a t t ri bute fa ult s
g
g l a r i n g l y in re l ief
a s i t w ere t o i n te n s i f y his a ver s i on fo r t h e w orl d
N o w t h e n a ture of i n d i ffer e n c e is t o c a s t a wa y e ver y t h i ng o r
sh ew an
B u t a s t h ere a re s ever a l de g ree s o f
y a ver s i on for i t
i n d i ffere nce i t is c l ass i e d u n der t wo v ar iet i e s wi t h s e v er al s u b
.

1 36

P A NC H AD A S I

F orb e ar an c e an d th e re s t are the c au se e arnest

atte n ti on t h e n ature an d th e s l acke n i n g
of th e u s u al p rac
t i ce s o f p e o pl e th e re sul t of m e n t al ab s ti n e n ce

28 1
O f th e m
I n di ffere n ce
k n owl e dg e an d actu al
ab sti n e n c e k n o wl e dg e is t h e p ri n ci p al for it s b r i n g i n g
in
e man c i p at i on wh i l e i n di ff ere n c e an d ab st i ne n c e are me r el y
t h e m e an s O f k n ow l e dg e an d h el p ful t o i t
2 82
F or al l th re e to c on ti n u e in equ al f or c e in th e same
i ndi v i du al can on l y h ap p e n t o a p e r s on as a re su l t of h is
s u p er i o r de v o t i on ;
b u t fr om som e o b s t ac l e s or oth e r, i t ofte n
h ap p e ns for one or t wo of th e m t o g e t re du c e d
2 8o

b ut t h i s n ee d not n e ce ss a ril y ex ci te a ny mi sg i v i ng a s
tell i ng p rej u di c i a ll y a g a i ns t t h e doctr i n e of n on du a l i t y For t h e
u n ifor m i n tell i g e n ce is s om et h i ng ot h e r t h a n t h e p h ys ic a l b ody ;
a n d t o l ook up on
etc
o r a n s s e n s o r y a n d a ct i v e v i t a l a i r s e t c
g
i t a s Sel f or B r a h ma is t h e h e i g h t O f k nowle dg e a n d t h e a c m e of
d i s cr i m i n a t i o n ; but t h e n t o c on n e c t d e s i re w i t h e g oi s m as m y

h ou s e
m y s on
my m on ey m i n e eye s a re c oncei ve d in err or
h e n ce t h e as c e rt a i n m e n t of d i ffe re nce is ins i s te d up on ; but for
o n e w h o h a s n o m i s t a k e of s elf a s a n ag e nt or i ns t ru m e n t
h is
e g o i s m h as a l re a dy m e rg e d i n t o t h e A b s ol ute t h e I n n i te
S u p re m e Sel f a n d h is d i s cri m i n a ti on is m a ture d S i m il a rly t h e
c on c lu d i n g
p ort i on h a s refere nc e t o k eep t h e m i nd f ree from bei ng
d i s tur b e d w i t h o t h e r ill u s i on s in reg a r d t o s elf a fte r i t h as bee n
t h or ou g h l y s ubj u g a te d a n d re s t r a i n e d fr om t h e d i s turb i ng i n ue nce
O f t h e s e ns e s
i

e g o sm ,

" T h ey

( 2)
( 3)

( 4)
( 5)
( 6)

( 7)
( 8)

i nclu de
Forbe a r a n ce (y a ma)
C a n on s t o be O b s erve d ( my a ma)
P ost u re ( a s a n a)
R e g ul a t i n g t h e v i t a l a ir ( pra n oy a ma)
R e s tr a i n i ng t h e org a n s of s e n s e ( p ra ty a lz a ra)
Fi xe d a t te n t i on ( dh a r a n a)
C on te m pl a ti on ( dhy a n a)
C ons ci ou s me d i t a ti on ( s a m lz a lpa s a m adh i )
,

'

P A N C H AD A S I

1 37

O ne wh ose

k nowl e dg e is d i m i n i sh e d by an i n c re as e

m e n t al
an d
o f i n d i ffere n ce
ab s ti n e n ce
n e v er
att ai n s
e m an c i p at i on at on c e b ut is e n ti tl e d t o e n j oy th e fel i c i ty of
th e l i ber ate d in l i fe as a r e s ul t Of h is p i ou s de v ot i on s
2 84
O n th e other h an d on e wh o h as a p rep on der anc e

f
w
f
o k n owl e dg e
i th l e ss O i n di ff ere n ce and ab sti ne n c e is
s u re t o e n j oy th e s up re m e fe l i c i ty of N z r van an d n ot th at
de s truct i on O f v i s ib l e m i sery w h i c h f or ms th e h ap p i n e ss of th e
l i be r ate d in l i fe
2 85
I t is th e n ature of i ndi ff ere n ce t o re g ar d e v ery th i ng
as wo rth l e ss
h e n ce e v e n th e se v er al ab ode s fr om B h ur to
B r ah ma are l ooke d u p on as n o b etter th an s tr aw th at is its
h i g h e st l i m i t ; b u t k nowl e dg e h as it s nal i ty in p r oduc i n g a
s te ady or rm f ooth ol d O f aff e c t i on for al l c re atu re s equ al l
y
wi t h on e s own s el f
2 86
A s in th e s t ate of p r of ou n d ( dre aml e s s) sl u mb e r al l
e xter nal obj ect s are f or g otte n s o is f or g etful n e s s of e n j oy m e n t
[ of se n s u ou s obj ect s] in t h e s t ate of wakeful n e s s s ai d t o b e
th e nal p o i n t of ab st i n e n ce
I n th i s mann n e r
t h e s h ade s o f d i ff e re n c e p re se n t in i n d i ff ere n ce an d th e t wo
o ther s are t t o b e as c er t ai n e d [ s o t h at on e m ay k n ow w h i c h
is s u per i or or the b e s t an dgwh ich l e ss s o an d may f oll ow
acc or d i n g l y
287
T h ou g h for a p re se n c e or c on t i n u an c e of fru c te sc e nt
work s of v ar i ou s k i n ds e v e n a t he os op h i s t is at ti m e s i n fe ste d
wi th de s i re s ye t th at n ee d n ot s t an d as a p l e a for c on s tru i ng
t h e S /z arl ras in a c on tr ary l i g h t
Fr om a force of fructe sce n t work s wh atever c on di
2 88
t i on a th e osop h i st may b e ci r c u m st an ce d t o l l i t can c re ate
2 83

'

"

A b s t i n e nce is c on t i nu all y t o k eep t h e exter na l s e n s e s a l oof

from s e n su ou s ob j ect s a fte r t h e y h a ve bee n tur ned a way from
t h e m t h ereb y t o k e e p t h e m i n d e ng ag e d in h ea ri ng t h e prece p t s
o n t h e B r a h ma ; ot h er w i s e t o ab a n don a l l a ct s e n j oi n ed in t he
S has tras in t h e pr escrib ed or de r [ by tur n i ng a S an n ay asi ]
9

18

1 38

P A NC H A D A S L

no

di ffere n c e , h is

k n owl e dg e s u ff er s

h is

e manc i p at i on

is

2 89 .

To

su m

n ot

th e le ast c on seque n tl y
,

A s in a p i ec e of p ai n ti n g
u p th e n
g ure s are duly rep re s e n te d so is th i s e xqu i s i te
s ever al
i l l u s i on
obj ect i v e worl d a du al i ty th r ou g h th e f orc e of
attr i b ute d t o th e i n tel l i g e n c e o f t h e Sup re m e S el f ; an d i t is
re u is ite for t h at
i l l u s i on t o b e s h ake n O ff an d
e s s e n t ial l y i
q
i n tel l i g e n c e al on e p art i c ul ar i z e d ( as th e se con dl e s s n on
du al R e al i ty )
i
f
a
s e nj oi ne d
2 0
T
h
e
fr
u
i
t
re
i
th
e
p
re
e
t
tr
e
t
i
e
o
a
d
n
n
s
s
g
9
in th e
f ol l owi ng wor ds Th os e of c l e ar i n tel l ect wh o
i n c e ssantly s tu dy i t t o n d ou t it s p r of ou n d s i g n i c at i on
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re j ec t t h e t r a n sce n d e n t a l d o c t r i n es of h i s s i res T he a pp e a ra n c e
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o f vi e w i s t h ere fo re of su p re m e i m po r t a n c e a n d w e h a i l w i t h
d e l i g h t t h e p ub l i c a t i o n o f T H E E S O T E R I C S C I E N C E A N D P H I L O
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e n c e i t i s n a tur al to i n fe r t h a t b y J i v a and I s war a t h e wh o l e

u n i v e r s e h as b e e n c ontr i v e d o r f a b ri c a t e d
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4
i s c r e a t e d b y J i v e a n d I s wa r a r e sp e c t i v e l y P F r o m de t e rmi
n at i o n
t o e ntr a n c e b el on g s to I s wa r a ; an d f ro m wak i n g t o
e m an c i pat i o n J i v a T h at i s t o say I s war a f or th e d e s i r e
"
t h at h e s h ou l d m u l ti p l y a n d m a n i fe st h i ms el f i n d i v e r s e f or m s
( S r u t z ) c on s t i t u t e s t h e b eg i n n i n g o f t h e c r e a t i v e p r o c e s s i n
d i cate d b y t h e w or d d e t e r m i n at i o n ; a n d h i s e ntr a n c e i n t h e
f or m o f t h e S p i r i t o r s e l f ( A t ma) i n a l l b e i n g s i n d i c a t e d b y
t h e word e ntr an c e i s t h e n a l i t y o f t h at p ro c e s s I n r eg a r d
t o J iva s c r e at i o n t h e ex p l a n at i o n i s on e w h o s e or i g i n i s t h e
c o n d i t i o n o f wake f u l n e ss t h a t i s t o sa y t he wor l d an d e ma n
c ip at ion t h e n a l d e s t i n a t i on f or h i s c on c e i t i n t h e m t h e y are
s a i d t o b e h i s c ont r i v a n c e N ow J i v a f or t h e c o n c e i t a b out
h i s b od y e t c a n d c o n s t a nt o cc u pa t i o n in wor k s a n d e n j o y
m e ri t o f h a pp i n e ss w i t h wi fe f ood a n d dri n k wh i l e a wa k e
e n j o y s fe l i c i t y i n p ro f oun d s l u m b e r ; and i n dr e am i n g
s l u m b e r h e i s a n a ge n t f or ex p e r i e n c i n g fel i c i t y or i t s r e v e r s e
a n d w h e n h e r e a l i z e s s e l f t o b e t h e d i s c o v e r e r o f a l l t he t h r e e
ab o v e n a m e d
c o n d i t i on s an d no ot h e r t h a n B r a h m a h e i s
e man c i p a t e d a n d h a s n o m o re r e b i r t h s i n s t or e f or h i m

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s e t f ort h [ H e i s ]
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s h a d o w of B r a h m a w i t h t h e t h ree a tt r i bu t es g oo d a c t i v e a n d b ad
fo r m s P r a k r i t i w h i c h fo r a p re pon d er a n ce of p ur e g oo d o r
i m p ur e g oo d i s d i ff ere n t i a t e d i n to i l l us i o n a n d i g no r a n ce o r
n esc i e n ce I s w a r a i s t h e re ec t i on of i n t e l l i g e n ce i n M ay a w h i c h
i s e n t i re l y subser v i e n t to h i m a n d h e i s c a l l e d a l l k n o w i n g ; w h il e
j iv a i s sub j ec t of i g no r a n ce ( A v idy a) i t fo r m s h i s c a use b o d y
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t h i s i g no r a n ce i s v a r i e d s o a re be i n g s of d i v erse k i n d s t h i s i s
t h e re a s on w hy j i v a an d I s w a r a a re s a i d t o b e m a d e b y re ec t i on
M ay a a n d A m dy a a re fo r m e d f r o m [ r a / i t i
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e;

P ANC H A D AS I

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t h e s u p r e m e s el f s ub j e c t o f e r ror a n d i ll u s i on wh i c h
to
attr i b u t e t h e ph y s i c a l b od y s e n s o r y an d ac t i v e o r g a n s e t c
h i m ( i n s h or t t h rou g h m i s t ak e t h e s e a r e c on f oun d e d w i t h
s elf ) H e i s u n rel a t e d n atu r al l y y e t f r o m m utu a l i ll u s o r y
a ttri b u t i o n i s s ai d t o b e p r e se n t i n ( B oodlz i ) s p i r i t u al s ou l
t h ou g h t h a t h as n o c o n n e c t i on w i t h h i m ; a n d t h i s ( t h e
a ttr i b ut e o f t h e w or d
i s h e r e m e a n t b y t h e wo r d

p er so n
J iv a wh o i s on l y a r ee c ti o n o f i n t e l l i ge n c e i s q u al i e d
6
f or e ma n c i pa t i o n w i t h t h e u n i f or m i n t el l i ge n c e an d n ot a l o n e
b e c a u s e t h a t un i f or m i nt e l l i g e n c e i s t h e a b i d i n g p l a c e or s e at
[ o f r e e x ] a n d w i t h out t h e ac tu al i t y o f s u c h s i t e n o on e c a n
b e t h e s e e r o f an i l l u s i on [ as f or i n s t an c e in t h e c as e o f a
s n a k e i n ro p e t h e r o p e i s t h e ab i d i n g p l ac e or s i t e o f t h e
s n a k e b u t w i t h out i t t h at i l l u s i o n c an n ot p o ss i b l y o cc ur ]
T h at r eex wi t h i t s a b i d i n g s e a t t h e un i f or m in te l l i
7
g e n c e i s s u b j e c t t o b o n d ag e e t c
T h i s i s n ow be i n g p oi n t e d
out i n t h e t wo f o l l o w i n g p a r agr aph s Wh e n c o m b i n e d w i t h
t h e ab i d in g u n i f or m i n t el l i ge n c e
t h e r eex i n t el l i g e n c e o f
t h e J i v a t a ke s s h el t e r o f th e p ar ti c le o f e rro r ( t h e ree c t e d
s h a do w o f i n t e ll i g e n c e i s c a ll e d a p art i c l e o f e r r o r f o r a l l
r ee c t i on s a r e f a l s e ) an d a c k n o wl e dge s s e l f to b e t h e b od y

e t c a n d sa y s I am w o r l d l y
8
A n d wh e n f r ee i n g h i m s e l f f ro m e rr or c on c e i v e s s e l f
t o b e n o ot h e r t h a n t he un i f or m i n t el l i ge n c e t h e n h e say s I

a m th e un r el a t e d i nt e ll i ge n c e
a n d i s g r a t i e d w it h t h at
k n o wl e d ge
I f i t b e s a i d t o Iattrib u t e i n d i v i du a l i t y i e c on n e c t
9

t h e r s t p e r s o n a l p ro n oun I w i t h t h a t un r el at e d i n t e l l i ge n c e
[ S u p r e m e S elf ] i s n ot p o ss i b l e s o as to m ak e o n e ex c l a i m I

a m t h e un r e l a t e d i nt el l i ge n c e an d i t c an n ot b e p e r c e i v e d
s o T h e r e p l y i s eg o i s m o r i n di v i d u al it y h as t h r e e d i ffe r e n t
s ig n i cat ion s o f wh i c h o n e i s p r i m ar y an d t wo s e c o n d a r y
M i s t a ke n a tt r i b uti o n o f an id e nti t y o f t h e un i f or m
I O
an d r e ex i nt el l i e nc e s on on e a n ot h e r i s sa i d t o b e t h e
g
p r i m ar y
,

P A N C H AD A S I

42

i n d i c at i on o f t h e wor d ( a/z a m) I am
f or ord i n a r i l y p e o p le
u se i t i n t h a t s e n s e
I I
N ow t h e n f or t h e t wo s ub ord i n at e or s e c on d a r y s i g u i
cat io n s
T h e r e ex and un i f o r m i n t e l l i g e n c e s a r e b ot h o f
t h e m s e p ar a t el y l oo ke d u p o n as a/z a m B ot h i n c o m m o n
p a r l an c e an d Vedic i l l u s t r at i on al l w i s e p e r s o n s h av e e v e r
b e en i n t he h ab i t o f u s i n g i t i n t h at s e n s e *

1 2
I do go
a w i s e p e r s on d i s
I n t h e ord i n ar y p h r as e
c o n n e c ts t he u n i f o r m f r o m t h e r eex i nt el l i ge n c e an d a c k n o w
l e dg e s t h e f o r m e r t o b e t h e l i t er al s i g n i c ati o n o f t h e p e r s on al

p ron oun I
I n t h e Vedic ex p r e ss i on u s e d b y way o f i l l u s tr a ti on
13

i n st a n c e I a m t h e un r el at e d i nt e l l i ge n c e
I r e fe r
a s f or
t o t h e u n i f or m i nt el l i ge n c e ac c or d i n g t o t h e l i g h t o f t h e
.

S lz as tras

i t b e a l l ege d k n o wle d ge a n d i ts r e v e r s e a r e o n l y
t h e att r i bu t e s o f t h e r e e x i nt el l i g e n c e a n d n e v e r t h a t o f t h e
1

If

p r i m a r y i m po r t of I am i s t h e p re d i c a t e d i n t e l l i g e n ce
of t h e i n t er n l o r g a n w i t h re ec t i o n of i n t e l l i g e n ce a n d i t d o es no t
i n d i c at e i n t e l l i g e n c e p u re e t s i m p l e h e n ce i t s s ub j ec t n e i t h er ; b u t
t h e n b y t h e i n d i c a t i on of ab a n d on i n g a p a r t f r o m t h e re e x of t h e
i n t er n a l o r g a n a n d i n t e l l i g e n ce a cc o r d i n g t o t h e usu a l p r a c t i ce
a m on g s t m e n a n d i n t h e V e d a s t h e re m a i n i n g u n a b a n d on e d p a r t

i m p l i es ( A h a m ) I a m o r t h e p r i n c i p l e of i n d i vi d ua l i t y a n d t h i s is
i t s i n d i c a t i v e i n d i c a t i o n b u t t h a t i s a l s o i t s sec on d a r y o r sub o r
F r o m t h e f u n c t i o n of t h a t i n d i c a t i v e i n d i c a t i on
d in a t e i m po r t
and as
t h e p ure i nt e l l i g e n ce i s a s n b j e c t of e g o i s m
th e
s ub j ec t of f u n c t i on i s d e p e n d e n t o r s ub j ec t of t h i s w o r l d n e c e s
i n t e l l i g e n ce i s a l s o c a l l e d s ub j ec t
s a rily t h ere fo re f r o m i n d i c a t i on
o f f u n c t i on N ow t h e s ub j ec t o f f u n c t i o n s i g n i es t h e d i s a p p e a r
i n t e l l i g e n ce w h i c h t h e n p r o d uces a n
a n ce of e n v e l op m e n t f r o m
i n d i ff ere n ce w h e n s t re n g t h e n e d
a v ers i on fo r t h e w o r l d ; a n d t h a t
l e a d s a p ers o n to d i sc a r d i t a l to g e t h er a s a n u n re al i t y b u t e x i s t i n g
a pp a re n t ly
f r o m i l l us i on a n d see k t h e c o m p an y o f a G u r u fo r
a
c i rin g k no w l e dg e of S e l f
*5

T he

P ANC H A D A S I

44

'

S ank arach ary a

i n h i s Up aa eslz a S alz asr z ex p r e ss e s a l s o

t h e sam e O p i n i on t h at s u c h a p e r c e p ti o n i s a m e an s t o e m an
L i k e t h e k n o wl e dg e o f t h e p hy s i c al b o d y b e i n g
C ip at io n :
s el f on e w h o ge ts t h at re f u t i n g k n ow l e dg e w h i c h h i n d er s t h e
c on c e p t i on o r p e r c e pt i on o f t h e b o dy b e i n g s e l f i s rel e as e d

t h ou g h h e m ay d e s i r e i t n o t

I f an y o n e w ere to s ay t h at t h e w o rd
t h i s h as rs
21

f e r e n c e t o t h e vi s i b i l i t y of s el f [ as f o r i n s t an c e T h i s j ar

H ere t h i s i s us e d to i d e n t i f y
T h i s b oo k
T h i s c l ot h
t h e s e v er al ar t i c l e s i n c on n e c t i o n w i t h w h i c h i t i s u s e d ; s o in

T h i s a m I t h e v i s i b i l i t y o f s e l f i n d i c at e d b y
t h e p h r as e

t he fi r s t p e r s on al p ron ou n i s e st ab l i s h e d b y t h i s ] an d t h at
v i s i b i l i t y i s f u l l we l l ap p r e h e n de d b y u s [ Ve dan t in s] f o r h e

s
a
i s s e lf ma n i fe t e d i nt e l l i g e n c e n d as s u c h al way s v i s i b l e

t e n t h p er s on
22
A n d as i n t h e c as e o f t h e V i s i b l e
i g n or an c e c a n b e a t t r i b u t e d s o w i t h re g ard to i n t e l l i ge n c e
( s e l f ) v i s i b i l i t y a n d i n v i s i b i l i t y k n o wl e d g e an d i m p e r c e p t i o n
are a l i k e attr i bu t ab l e i n s pi t e o f h i s vi s i b i l i t y
23
T h e i g n or a n c e o f t h e t e n t h p e r s on i s n ow b e i n g
d e c l ar e d Te n p e r s on s c o l l e c t e d i n a c e rt ain s p ot t o c ro s s
a r i v e r ; o n a l i g h t i n g a t t h e o p p o s i t e b an k t h e y c oun t t h e m
so

-r

'

c a s t e a n d t h e c o n n ec t i n g o f I w i t h t h a t c a s t e c on
n ec t s S e l f w i t h i t ; i n t h e s a m e w a y Si m il a r k n o w l e dg e
i n res p ec t
to e a c h i n d i vi d u a l se l f i s t to be use d a s a m e a n s fo r a tt a i n i n g
e m a n c i p a t i on fo r a s i n t h e n e x t v e rse b y t r a n s p l a n t i n g s e l f f r o m
t h e p h y s i c a l b o d y c a s t e e t c on a cc o u n t of c o n t r a d i c t i o n t h e y
"
i m p ly w h e n h e c o m es to e x c l a i m I a m B r a h m a h i s e m a n c i pa
t i on i s a n a cc o m p l i s h e d f a c t fo r t h e i g n o r a n ce a n d t h e m a t er i a l s
fo r f u t u re re b i r t h a re a l l d es t r o y e d b y k no w l e dg e A n d fo r s uc h

a p ur po se t h e S r u t i h as u se d t h e w o r d t h i s

th e

B ra h m a n

I n t e ll i g e n ce s t a n d s i n n o n ee d of d i sc o v er y b y a n y e xt r a
n e ou s m e a n s h e n ce a l w a y s m a n i f es t e d
T h e n a g a i n t h e i n s t ru

m e n t of e n v e l op m e n t i s a l s o w a n t i n g fo r w h i c h i t i s a l w a y s v i s i b l e

I f i n t e l l i g e n ce w e re t o h a v e e n v e l op m e n t [ i g no r a n ce h as i t on ly ]
i t w i l l be re d uce d t o t h e c o n d i t i on of i n se n t i e n c y
.

P A N C H A D AS L

45

e l ve s b ut s t r a n g e to s ay w h o e v e r c ou n t s f or ge t s al wav s
t h o ug h
t o i n c l ud e h i m s e l f a n d c o m e s t o st o p at n u m b e r n i n e
t h e t e n t h ( h i m s e l f ) i s vi s i b l y p re s e n t t o al l T h u s b e wi l d ere d

T h e y e x c l ai m t h a t t h e i r
t e n t h i s m i ss i n g an d
24
v i rtu al l y h e m u st h av e p er i s h e d b y d r o w n i n g T h i s f or c e o f
i g n o ra n c e i s c al l e d i ts e n v el o p m e n t ( av ar an a)

h as p e ri s h e d
F u l l y b e l i e v i n g t h a t t h e i r t e n t h p e r s on
25
in t h e r i v e r an d i s n ow n o m or e t h e y b e wa i l h i s l o ss an d
v e n t t o t e ar s T h i s i s du e to t h e c r e a t i n g or s u p e r i m p o s i ti on
( Viks /z ep ) o f i g n or a n c e

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At
p h e h a d n ot
b ee n s i m i l a rl y affe c t e d b y i g n or an c e a n d s a i d y our t e n t h
i
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v i s i b l e k n o wl e d g e o f t h e t e n t h
r e s e m b l i n g m e n s k n o wl e d g e
of S warg a a n d t h e s e v er a l a b od e s
27
T h e n wh e n h e s h e we d t h e m t h e i r t e n t h b y c oun ti n g
o v e r a n d p o i n t e d out t h e m i s t ak e an d h ow i t d i d o cc ur
th ey
l ef t off c ry i n g a n d we r e v e r y g l a d t o n d t h e i r m i s s i n g n u m b e r
28
A s i n t h e p r e v i ou s i l l u s tr at i on we h a v e t h e s e v e r a l
c on d iti on s o f i g n or a n c e t o w i t z e n v el o p m e n t c r e a ti on in
v i s i b l e k n o wl e d g e v i s i b l e k n o wl e d ge j o y a n d d i ss i p a ti on o f
g r i e f s o h ow s e l f i s t o b e c on s i d e r e d b y att a c h i n g t h e s e s e v e n
c on d i t i o n s c on s e c ut i v el y t o h i m i s s h e wn i n t he f o l l o wi ng
m a nn e r
29
E n g ro ss e d i n t h e i r u s u a l a v o c a t i on s a n d w or l d l y
c on c e rn s wh e n m e n a r e un a b l e to k n o w t h e r e a l n a tur e o f
s elf i t i s c a l l e d i g n or a n c e ;
A n d t h e a b s e n c e or w a nt o f man ife stib il ity o f s el f
30
i n t h a t c on d i ti on i s c al l e d e n v el o p m e n t ; a s t o r eg a r d h i m a s
a n a ge n t a n d i n s tru m e n t i s ak i n t o t h e c r e a t i n g p o we r o f t h e
s am e i g n or a n c e
A n d t h e y ex c l a i m T h e r e i s n o un i f or m

i nt el l i g e n c e
I t i s n ot m an i f e s t e d
e tc
[ T h e attr i b ut i on o f
t h e r ee c t e d s h a d ow o f i n t el l i g e n c e t oge t h e r w i t h t h e s ub t l e
an d g ro s s b od i e s t o s el f
i e t o m i s t a ke t h e m wi t h h i m h a s
f or i t s c a u s e t h e sam e ( Vim/z ap ) p ro j e c t i n g f or c e of i g nor a n c e ]

P A C H A D ASt

Whe n t h ere f ol l ows an i n v i s i b l e k nowl e dg e of th e

as for i n s t an ce
u n i f or m i n tel l i g e n ce
I t ex i s t s fr om th e
p o s tu l ate s of t h e S h astras an d s u b s eque n t ly b y
s el f e v i de n t
du e c on s i de r at i on p r o f o u n d t h i n k i n g an d di s cr i m i n at i on an
'
i n d i v i du al p erce i ve s t h at h e is n o ot h e r th an th e s ame u n i f or m
i n tel l i g e n c e i t is c al l e d v i s i b l e k n ow l e dg e
2
T
h
e
n ag a i n w h e n by c as t i n g as i d e t h e i de as o f ag e n t
3
an d i n s tru m e n t w i t h re g ar d t o t h at i n tel l i g e n ce 3 per son i s
free d fr om experi e n c i n g del i g ht or p ai n an d n al ly as a su c
c e s sfu l re s ul t o f t h at k n ow l e d g e e x per i e n ce s b l i s s ful n e ss th at
is c alil e d d i s s i p at i on of p ai n an d s at i ety

a
on ce al m e n t
T
h
e
e
c
c
c
re
o
n d i ti on s of i g n or an ce
s
33

t i on
i n v i s i b l e an d v i s i b l e k n o wl e dg e d i s s i p ati on of g r i e f

an d del i g h t in th e f o r m o f s at i ety are c on di t i on s of th e i n di v i

du al on ly an d n ot of th e u n i f or m i n tel l i g e n ce
T
h
ey
a re t h e o r d i n ary c au s e o f b on d ag e and e m an
4
3
c ip at ion
O f t h e m i g n or an c e wi t h it s p owe r s o f e n ve l o p m e n t
an d c re ati on
s u per i m p os i ti on o r p r oj ecti on are t h e c au s e of
b on dag e : w h i l e t h e re s t are t h e sou rc e of e m an c i p at i on
w o f deter m i n i n g t h e n ature o f i g n or an ce
Wi
t
h
th
e
v
i
e
35
i g n or an ce is n o w b e i n g dec l are d Wi s e
an d its t wo p ower s
*
p er s on s in t h ei r p r i or c on di ti on s h ad al way s c om p orte d
the ms el ve s l i k e p er son s qu i te i n d i ffere n t ; for i n st an c e they

n
wh i c h is an othe r n am e for
w
n
o
ul
w
k
n
t
h
i
e
o
wo d s ay
g
i g nor an c e
n atu re o f e n vel o p m e n t an d it s acti on s i s thu s se t
The
6
3
f orth z T o t h r ow as i de th e m et h od o f th e S /z as l ras an d de
p e n di ng e n ti rel y u p on ar g u m e n t s to s ay Th ere is n o u n i f or m

i n tel l i g e n c e an d i t is n eve r man i fe ste d in s h or t to act in

O p p os i t i on t o w h at c on duce s t o its k n o wl e dg e or p ercep t i on is
a re s u l t o f e n vel o p me n t
31

'

4*

w an t

Vz k s /z ep
of

i g n i e s p r oj ect i on
a ppre h e n s i on
'

su

p er i m p os i t i on c reat i on
,

or

4s

P A N C H A D AS L

c on di ti o n s o f i g nor anc e an d e n vel o p me n t are cl e arl y re n dere d

a pp are n t t o bel o n g
t o th e i n d i v i du al ; h e n ce th ey are h is
c on d i ti on s
I g n or an ce i s n ot a c on di t i o n o f t h e Sup re m e B r ah ma
43
a n d w h at
p re vi ou s pr o fe s so r s h ave s a i d re g ar d i n g It as t h e
s o urce o r refu e of i n o r a n ce
h as b ee n o n ly fo r t h e p urp os e
g
g
o f de s c r i b i n g
th e ab i d i n g se at of B r ah m a A n d for t h e
c o n ce i t o f al l m e n i n i g n o r an ce i t h as b ee n adm itte d as t h e
c on di t i o n o f t h e I n d i vi d u al ; t h i s is p art i cul arly dec l are d h e re
T h u s t he n h av i ng d on e w i t h a d e s cr i p ti on of t h e
44
t h ree c o n di t i on s i g n or an c e e n ve l op m e n t an d p r oj ect i on t h e
s ource
o f b o n dag e ir is pr o p os e d n o w t o e n te r i n t o a c o n

e m an c i p at i o n
i n v i si b l e an d
s i der ati o n o f t h e source s o f
v i s i b l e k n o w l e dg e
B y t h e s e t wo v ar i eti e s o f k n o wl e dg e
w h e n i g n or an c e is d i s pel l e d th e t wo v ar i et i e s o f e n vel o p
m e n t w h i c h e n s h r ou d t h e p ercep ti o n an d ex i s te n ce of P ar a

b r ah m a It is n ot m an i fe ste d
T h er e is n o P arab rah m a
are al so de s tr oye d
w
a
w
d
s
s
f
a
n
d
o
T
h
e
tu
re
th
t
k
l
e
e
h
i
c
h
e
tr
y
e
ch
n
a
o
o
45
g
p art i cul ar k i nd o f e n vel op me n t is n ow b ei n g de n e d B y
t h e i n v i s i bl e k nowl e dg e is re mo ve d t h e e n vel o p m e n t of n on
ex i s te n c e [ of th e P arab rah m a] w i th its c au s e i g n or an c e ; an d
b y the v i s i b l e i s de s tr oye d wan t of p e rcep t i on t og eth e r w i th
it s c au s e i g n or an ce
( I n v i s ib l e k n owl e dg e p r oduce s th e per

B r ah m a is an d th i s af r m at i on d e s tr oy s th e n e g at i on
c e p t ion

V is ib l e i k n ow l e dg e on t h e ot h e r
T h ere is n o B r ah m a

h an d b r i n g s in th e p erce pti on I am B r ah m a c on s e q ue n tl y
a s n o o n e c an s av t h at j h e s ee s n ot h i m s e l f t he ref o re th e w an t
o f m an i fe s t i b il it y is re m o ve d
Wi t h t h e de s truc ti o n o f w an t o f m an ife st ib il ity th e
46
r s t f o r m o f e n vel op m e n t i l l u s ory attr i buti o n o f t h e c on di t i on s
o f a J i v a t o th e S up re m e s el f H e
is an a g e n t a doe r o f
act i o n etc are al l de st r oye d an d
j
g r i e f an d i n f atu at i on ce as e
a l t og et h e r t o affec t
[ t h e t h e os o p h i s t ]
Wi t li j t he de str u ct i on of t h e b onds wh i c h h u rl an
47
.

"

P A N C H AD A S L

149

i n di vi du al to re i n c ar n at i on al l g ri e f an d e n ch an t me n t l o s e
t he i r h o l d an d t h e t h e os op h i s t th e n e nj oy s c on te n t m e n t an d
s up re m e fe l i c i ty
i se
l
w
say s c on cer n i n g t h e re al i s at i on
r
T
h
e
l
ik
e
S
u
z
8
4
o f c on te n t b ot h fr o m a re mo v al o f g ri e f an d fr o m v i s i b l e
k n owl e dg e as a c on d i ti on o f th e i n d i v i du al
H e wh o k n ows
S el f to b e ete r n al fre e an d no ot h e r t h an t h e S up re me B r ah m a
h e m u st
h as n o m ore de s i re l e ft in h im w h i c h t o ac c om pl i s h
w ish t o i n h er i t a fre s h b o dy H e acqu i re s s up r e m e c on te n t

ment
I t h as b ee n p re vi ou s l y m e n t i on e d th at v i s i b l e k n ow
49
l e dg e is d i vi de d i n t o t wo v ar i et i e s o f w h i c h th e s el f m an i fe s t i
b il ity o f t h e s ub j e c t [ of th at k n owl e dg e ] is th e r s t an d t h e
v i s i bl e perce pt i on by i n tel l ec t th e s ec on d v ar i e ty
at r s t
ar i ety s e l f m an ife s t ib il it
i
th
v
0
A
s
n
5
y of th e
l s o d ur i n i n v i s i b l e k n owl e dg e t oo th e s e l f man i fe s t i
S ubj ect
g
B il ity is e q ual t h eref ore in b ot h of t h e m t h e ex i s te nc e of the
s el f m an i fe s te d P arab rah ma is e s t ab l i s h e d

I nste ad of de c l aring I am th e S up re m e B r ah ma

s i g n i e s i n v i s i b l e k n ow l e dg e ; fr om an
B r ah m a i s
t o s ay
ab s e n c e o f c on t rad i c t i o n i t c an n ot b e re g ar de d as an er r o r
I f th e s ub j ect of th e u n di s p ut ab l e n ature of v i s i b l e
52

k n owl e dg e b e p r o ve d u n true T h er e is n o B r ah m a t h e n th e
v i s i b l e k n ow l e dg e i s refute d o r m ade t o d i sapp e ar ; b ut s i n c e
t h ere are n o f orc i b l e p r oo f s t o t h at e n d h e nc e v i s i b l e k n ow
l e dg e i s n eve r s ub j ecte d t o refu t at i on
h
re
w
a
s
o
n s t o th e
o
u
t
h
ere
a
o
t
h
er
s
o
r
i
e
bj
ec
t
i
B
t
53
rel i ab i l i ty gof v i s i b l e k n owl e dg e T h ey de n y its fre e dom fr om
e rr or ; for s ay th ey fr om an ab s e n ce of f or m in B r ah m a
ati o n
f
v i s i b l e k n owl e d e
m
o
d
i
f
i
c
o
err
o
r
B
u t t h i s m ay
i
a
s
g
e q u al ly ap p ly t o k n owl e dg e p ert ai n i ng t o th e b l i ss fu l ab ode of
h e ave n [ H e n ce i t is s a i d] i f fo r an ab s e n c e of b r i n g i n g in

p arti cul ar k n ow l e dg e th e v i s i b l e b e re g ar de d t o b e a f or m o f
er r o r the n s i n c e n o p art i cul ar k n owl e dg e can b e p r oduce d
b ut on l y its e x i st e nc e can or di nar i ly b e made
of S warg a
-

'

"

P ANC H AD AS I

50

k nown th at s h oul d al so b e err on e ou s T h at is to say it can

n ot b e p o i n te d o u t de n i te l y as
T h i s is th e H e ave n but th er e

H e ave n is th eref ore th i s

i s a p ercept i on of it s ex i ste n c e as
o r di n ary k n owl e dg e or pe r c ep ti o n o f t h e e x i s te n ce of H eave n
w i l l al i ke b e f al l ac i ou s
A th i r d f or m of er r or t ake s th i s s h ap e
B r ah ma is
54
p r operl y t o b e k n own b y th e i n v i s i b l e k n owl e dg e h e nc e th e

ap pl i c ati on of v i s i b l e k n o wl e dg e is f a l l ac i ou s
B u t th at is
n ot th e c as e
Th at is t o say th e s ubj ect of B r ah ma an d
I t s n on di ffere n ce w i th e ac h i n d i v i du al s el f wh i ch is t t o
f or m t h e s ubj ect o f v i s i b l e k nowl e dg e s t an ds not in th e l e ast

e r r or l i k e t h e i n v i s i b l e
c h an c e of
A n d w hy is v i s i b l e
k n owl e dg e of B r ah ma free f rom e r ror or mi s t ak e ? B ec au se

I n t h i s way for a wan t of I ts adeq u ac y

B r ah m a is i n v i s i b l e
for b e i n g vi s i b l e th e i n v i s i b l e k nowl e dg e of B rah ma is fre e
fr om f al l ac y B u t why is th at k nowl e dg e i n vi si b l e ? B ec au se
T h i s is
t h ere is a wan t of th at de n i te p er c ep t i on as

B r ah ma
f
a
A
f
urth
f
o
r
m
o
e
r
r
o
r
m
a
a
r
i
e
a
n
e
m
a
s
n
o
s
d
o
y
y
y
55
F r om a wan t of ac c e pti n g a p art of t h e v i s i b l e is f al l ac i ou s
I n oth er wor ds n ot wi th s t an di n g th e acc ept i n g of th e p art s of
B r ah m a th e n on accep ti n g o f e ac h w i t ne s s i n g p art
fr om
th e v i s i b l e k nowl e dg e is e r r one ou s I t am ou n t s t o th i s th e n
th at t h e p re se n c e of i g nor an c e in any p art of k n owl e dg e con
c er n i ng an obj ec t is a s our c e of err o r I f th i s we r e to h ol d
true k n owl e dg e of a j ar a p i e c e of c l oth [ f or me d b odi e s ]
et c mu st al i k e b e err one ou s i n asmuc h as th at k n owl e dg e
c annot oc c u py al l t h e p art s of th e j ar et c [ it s i n ter i or for
i nst anc e ] T h u s t he n b odi e s wi th f or m are n e c e ss ar i l y
wh i l e anoth e r p art re m ai n s u n k n own ; b u t in
re v e al e d p artl y
t h e c ase of B r ah ma wh i c h is f or ml e s s how can i t b e sai d th at
I ts p art s are n ot d i sc ov e re d ? [ T h e re p ly i s] t o i mpute p art s to
B r ah ma and re du c e i t t o a p re son al ity is n ot t for c on s i de r a
t i on Fr om d i st i nc t i on or di ffere nc e in th e p ar t s wh i ch are
t for b e i ng i nt er di ct ed and are u n t for b e i ng e nter tai ne d
.

P ANC H AD A S L

52

t h e q ue sti on wh o is th e te n th p er son ?

a n d s ub s e q ue n tly c ou n t i n g
i f y o u s ay y ou are t h e te n t h
o ve r t h e n u m ber a n d reck o n i n g y o u r s e l f
you c om e t o r ec o l l ec t

i t s i m i l arly by an aly s i n g t h e p h r as e
Se l f is B r ah m a P ar a
b r ah m a b ec om e s v i s i b l y percep t i b l e t o t h e m i n d
60
K n o wl e dg e p r o d uce d fr om du e an aly s i s an d ar g u m e n t
i s s ubj ec t n e i th er t o i n c o n s i s te n t i de a n or doub t s
T h i s is

I n re g ar d t o t h e
te n t h per s on
th e
n o w be i n g
s he wn

"
k n ow le dg e th at
I am t h e te n t h is t o b e adm i tte d as fre e
f r om c on i c ti n g i de as o r do ub t s ; for i f a n e w p er s on we re t o
c o m e an d p l ace h i m s el f i n t h e i r m i ddl e h e w i l l n ev e r g e t
c on f ou n de d an d f a i l t o re c og n i s e h i m s el f as t h e te n t h l e av i n g
as i de t h e s tr an g e r
[ S i m i l arl y i n re g ar d t o s el f k n owl e dg e

p r odu c e d by t h e p h r as e Sel f is B r ah m a b r i n g s in th e c l e ar
p erc ep t i on t h at h is A l ma is B r ah m a an d wh e n th i s is r m l y
s e ate d in h is i n tel l ect h e i s s ai d t o p e rc e i ve i t v i s i b l y
61
B r ah m a i s
I n th e r s t p l ace t h e n th e p h r ase
h el p s
k n owl e dg e of I ts e x i s te n ce an d t h a t i s t h e i n v i s i b l e
S u b se

q ue n tly t h e ex p re ss i on
t h e S up re m e B r ah m a
y ou are
*
f
o
o
n
t h e i n tr oducti
p er s on te n ds t o p r odu ce t h e v i s i b l e p e r
c e p t io n o f B r ah m a as n o n d i s ti n c t fr o m h i m
I n th i s m an n e r k n o wl e dg e of P arab ram a c an n e v e r
62
b e c on f ou n de d w he n i t is on ce v i s i b l y p erce i ve d or s e ate d in
t h e i n tel lect e i the r w i t h th e ve s h e ath s f oodful an d th e r e st
or any t h i n g e l s e
Fr o m t h e i n di c at i on o f b i rth e tc th e s ag e V rig u
63
r s t ob t ai n e d an i n s i g h t of t h e a l S l b l e B r ah m a ; an d
59

O r as in

repl y

to

q u al i e d w or sh i p of t h e I m p e rs on a l B ra h m a w i t h ou t a n y a ttribute s
I n b o t h i n s t a n ce s k e e p i ng u p a
is t h e m e a n s of k n o wle dg e
c on t i n u ou s curre n t of t h e m e n t a l f u nc t i on is a n u n c om m on c a u s e
fo r k n o wle dg e
,

p e r s o n a n d a s n on dua l i t y h ol ds
e v e r y o n e t o b e n on d i s t i n c t f ro m B r ah ma h e nce e ac h non
d i s ti nct B r ah ma re fe r s t o t h e i n d i v i du al

V y ak t i

l i t e r a ll y

m ean s

P A NC H A D AS I,

53

ati o n a n d d i rec t
n ce
i
c
r
i
i
re
fe
re
n
a c l e ar
m
d
s
n
ub
q
ue
tl
y
by
e
s
s
p e rcept i on i n t h e f ol l ow i n g m an n e r
Fr om Wh om t h e s e
el e m e n t s h ave b e e der i v e d t o w h o m al l t h i n g s owe th ei r l i fe

e tc is B r ah ma
N o w t h e n h e ar i n g b r o u g h t f o rth i n v i s i b l e
pe rcep ti on o f B r ah m a as t h e c au s e o f t h e o r i g i n an d de stru c
b y an aly s i s h e d i sc r i m i n ate d
o f t h e u n i ver s e ; s ub s e q ue n t ly
I t t o b e d i s ti n c t fr o m t h e f oo d fu l an d t h e re s t of th e sac s so
t h at e ac h i n di vi du al s el f is B r a h ma an d ac c o r di ng ly c am e t o
re al i z e i t c l e ar ly
,

H e h ad r ece i ve d i n structi on fr om h is f at h e r on th e
i n v i s i b l e k n o wl e dg e o f t h e S upre m e B r ah m a o n ly an d
t h ou g h I t s w s rb l e p ercept i on in t h e f or m of
T h o u art

was n ever g i ve n h i m y et by t h e r s t m eth od h e h ad

B r ah m a
b ee n t au g h t t o h o l d I t t o b e d i s ti n c t fr om th e f oodfu l s ac
64

65

th at by as ce rt ai n i n g t h e u n re al i ty of th e s e s ac s
o ver an d oy e r h e w as l e d t o c on c l u de s el f t o b e n on d i s ti n c t
fr om B r ah ma by I ts i n di c at i on s of b l i ssful n e ss and re al i z e d
I t ac c or di ng ly
So

trut h k n owl e dg e an d i n n i te
I n th i s
m an n er afte r h av i n g s p ok e n of th e i n d i c at i on s I t is furth e r
de s cr i be d as pre s e n t in e ac h i n d i v i du a l ( in th e f o r m of S e l f) ;
for I t is s i tu ate i n s i de t h e ve s ac s ( an d h e wh o k n ows th at
h as n o m ore du al i ty i n h im )
66

B r ah m a is

Th e t wo l as t ve r se s qu ote d fr om t h e T az t z ry a Up a
m s/z aa re n der i t cl e ar h o w in th e c as e of th e s ag e V rig u
k n owl e dg e m arke d by i n v i s i b i l i ty ul t i m ately l e d t o t h e v i s i b l e
percepti on o f B r ah m a I t is f urt h er c o rr o b or ate d by t h e

e vi de n c e of t h e C /z /z an aog y a Up a m z /z a a I n dr a der i ve d th i s
i n v i s ib l e k n ow l e dg e b y t h e i n d i c at i o n s of s e l f in t h e f o l l o w
i n g m an n er W h at is u n re l ate d t o t h e b ody an d act i on
u n dec ay i n g eter n al an d dev o i d o f g r i e f is Sel f A ctu ate d
w i th th e de s i re of o b t ai n i n g v is ib l e p e rce p t ion or c l e ar i n s i g h t
m e s wi th
o f th e Sup re me B r ah ma h e rep ai re d to G u r u f our
67

'

'

'

'

'

P ANC H A D A S L

54

th e u s u al b u ndl e of re wood as a p re se nt
( C k /randog y a
Up an is h a d C h ap ter V I I I )

68
T h e A ztar gy a Upam s lz a a is al so t o th e same p u rp os e

n
n
n
I n t h e b eg i
i g th e re was t h e s e co n dl e ss P arab rah ma
N ow t h i s is an i n d i c at i on o f t h e i n v i s i b l e for i t s i m p ly e s t ab
l i s h e s t h e e x i s te n ce an d doe s n ot p art i cu l ar i z e It e i th e r w i th
o n e t h i ng
or an ot he r
H e n c e th e su b seque n t attr i buti on of
i l l u s i on an d its W i th dr awal h e l p s t o b r i n g f ort h th e Vi s i b l e
p erc epti on by th e i n d i cat i on s of t h at v i s i b i l i ty oz s tr uth
k n owle dg e and i n n i t e
69
O t h e r S ru l z utte r an ce s h el p t h e v i s i b l e k nowl e dg e
of B r ah ma as t he t r an
s c e n de n t al p h r ase doe s th e
-

'

'

'

'

I t is wort h e n q ui ri ng wh et h e r ou r s e ns e percept i on o r t h e n on
d i s t i n c ti on of t h e i n tel l i g e n ce of a s ub j ect a n d t h a t of fu ncti on of
t h e i n ter n al org a n is v i s ible k nowle dg e I O r w h et h e r t h e k n ow
le dg e oi a s ub j ec t ha v i ng a p re s e n t rel a t i on wi t h one wh o g i ve s
ev i de n ce [ pr a m a ta ] is s o ca l le d
C a r r y i n g t h e e n q ui r y furt h e r
i r may be as k e d w h et h e r k n ow le dg e
w e m ay m ulti pl y i n s t an ce s
r
uce
b
y
p
r
d
ope r p roof s con cer n i n g a n a de q u a te s ub j ect h a v i n g
d
o
p
a p re s e n t rel a t i on w i t h t h e d e m on s tr a ti on ( pra m a ta ) o r t h e u n
c au s ed k nowl e dg e of i m p r ope r a n d wort h le s s p r oofs of a p r ope r
of t h e d e mo n s tr a ti n g
i n tell i g e nce
s ub j ect w i t h a p re s e n t rel a t i on

( pro m a n a C h ai t a ny a ) is v i s ible ? O r w h et h e r t h a t v i s i ble

k nowle dg e has for i t s i nd ic at i on t h a t w h i c h is c on f or m a ble t o th e
p r act i s e of s elf n on d i ffere n t fr om t h e s ub j ect of u nc ove re d in
in e n vel op m e n t ] ?
T h a t clever V e da n t in
t e l lig e n ce [ wa n ti n g
N isc h al D a s s S wa m i t h e a ut h or of Vr i t t i P a r o a lz a r h a s e n tere d
i n t o a n ex a m i na ti on of t h i s i n d ic a t i on but t h i s is h a r dl y t h e pl ace
s u fce i t t o s a y
that
t o i n tr o d u ce h is m et a p hy s i c a l d i s q ui s i t i on s
v i s i b le k n ow l e dg e is of t wo s ort s ( a ) a s cert a i n i ng ( d u f u a) a n d ( b)
r e c og n i t i on
W h e n f rom pr i or i m p re s s i ons a n d
t h i ng is k nown i t is c a lle d r e c og n i t i on
c o n n ec t i o n of s e n se a

I t is of t h i s f o r m T h a t is t h i s
H ere e ve n
m o d i c a t i o n [ of t h e m e n t a l fu nct i on pr odu ce d by t h e rel a t i on ]
o f s e n s o r y o r a n per v a de s t h e s ub j e c t
for w h ic h n on d i s t i n cti on
g
is p r od u ce d bet wee n t h e t wo i n tell i g e nc e s o z z oi t h e m e n t a l
9*

'

56

P ANC H AD A S I

i n di v i du al i ty and m an i fe ste d b y b ec om i n g th e s ubj e c t of th at

is i n d i c ate d by th e wo r d T h ou
w or d
I n oth e r wor ds

c on s c i ou s n e ss m an i fe s te d in t h e f o r m of I am I th e i n tel
l e c tu al sou l assoc i ate d w i th t h e i n ter n al or g an an d f or m i n g
th e subj e c t of th at wor d [ali am or e g o i ty ] is th e p re d i c ate of

Th ou

T he l i ter al s i g n i c at i on o f T h at is n ow b e i n g
72
de n e d
T h e assoc i ate d i n tel l i g e n ce of M ay a w h i c h is th e
c au s e of th e U n i ver s e t h e i n d i c at i o n o f o mn i s c i e n ce t h e
p r o perty of i n v i s i b i l i ty wh i c h is e x is te n t i n tel l i g e nc e and
b l i ss is th e p re di c ate o f t h e w or d T h at
Whe n th e s am e P arab rah m a is sai d to b e v i s i bl e and
73
i n v i s i b l e n i te an d i n n i te l i m i te d an d wh ol e t h at is t o say
w i th p r op erti e s n atur al ly O p p os e d t o e ac h other i t the ref ore
c an b e as cer t ai n e d by rec our se to I n di c at i on [of ab on dan ing
t h e c on i cti ng p orti on ]

th at re fe rs
A s in th e p h r as e T h at D e vadatta is th i s
74

t i me b oth h av e
t o p as t t i m e an d th i s t o t h e p re s e n t
refere n c e t o th e s am e p er son bu t by om i tt i n g t he c on i c ti ng
el e me n t acc or di ng t o th e c an on s o f th e i n d i c at i on of ab an don
S i m i l arly by ab an don
in g a p art D e vadatt a al on e is m e an t
i n g t h e c on i ct i n g p ar t fr om t h e s i g n i c ati on of th e tr ans

T h at art Th ou th ere re mai n s th e no n

c e n de n t al ph r as e

I n tel l i g e n ce wh i c h is m e an? he nc e the i n di c ati on

c on ict in g
of ab an do n i n g a p ar t is e as i l y adm i ss i b l e

cc ou n t of d i s ti ncti on in t h ei r na ture a n d p r operti es s i m il a rl y

for t h e q u a l i c a t i on o f t h e m i n d a n d t h e p rope rt y of it s i n te l l i
f
os e s a diffe re n ce b e
e
purp
d
i s ti n ct
or a ll p r a c t ic a l
n ce b e i n g
g
t w e e n ] iv a a n d t h e m i n d o r i n te rn a l org a n is m a i n t a i n e d con
s e q u e n tl y t h ere is d i s t i n c ti on b e t we e n t h e fu n ct i o n o f s el f a n d t h e
w o rd
T h e n ag a i n t h e i n d ic a ti ve i n d ic a t i on of t h e wor d s elf is
t h e u n if or m i n tell i g e n ce w h ic h
t h e i ll u m i n a t i o n o f fu n ct i o n 0 1 s
T h i s is w h a t is me an t
is e n t i r e l y d i ff e r e n t fr om t h a t f u nct i on
"
i h a t a n d T h o u a re m a r k e d b y t h e q u a l i tie s o f i n v i s i
b i l i fy a n d V s b i l t y a re s ul t of as s oci a te s o i f fr om i n tell i g e nce
on a

'

P A NC H A D A S I

1 57

os si b l e t o i n c l u de th e rel at i ve an d p r e d i
p
75

of th e ph r as e T h at art
c ate d s i g n i c ati on in th e m e an i n g
T h ou b ut as t o th e i r refer r i ng to one I m p art i te th ere can
b e n o q u es ti on an d th at h as b ee n adm i tte d by al l le ar n e d

n
B
r
i
th
e
c ow
r i n st an ce i n the o r d i n ary p h r as e
F
o
m en
g
[

I t is s ai d t h at th e verb to b r i n g re m in ds a p e rs on of t he
*
e
i
re
of th e S pe aker ; i n s h Oi t th e s er v an t is as ke d to ob ey
d s

It

is not

c om m on t o t h e m b ot h t h e c on ict i n g e le me n t o f i n vi s i
b il it y a n d v i s ib il i ty b e a b a n don e d t h ere re ma i ns o n l y i n telli g e n ce
T h a t is t o s ay
I n t e ll ig e nce + I n v is ib il ity = I n t e llig e n ce + V i s ib il it y ; s tri k i n g off
in v i s ib i l it y a n d v i s ib il i t y w e h a ve I n t e l l ig e n ce = l n t e l l ig e nce
w

h ic h

is

9"

ic t h e s ou rce of t h e s e n s e of a w or d depe n ds ei t h e r
up on t h e p r op e rt y of it s f orce or t h a t of it s i nd ic a t i on B u t t h ere
a re f our o t h e r v a r i et ie s o f s e n s e ( I ) d e s i re ;
( 2 ) t n e ss ; ( 3)
n d ( 4 ) pr ox i mi ty
on n ecti on or rel a t i on bet wee n t wo
c
urp
r
t
a
o
;
p
for i n s t a n ce
r
xi
a te t e r m s a n d t h e s e n s e t h e y c o n ve y
m
o
B r i ng
p
t h e c ow
H e re a de s i re is expre s s e d ; w h e n t h ere is a re l a t i on
b et wee n t h e s e n s e of on e wor d w i t h a n ot h e r i t is c al le d t n e s s

br i ng h e re t h e rel a t i on
a s t h e !rel a t i on of cow w i t h t h e verb
is t h a t of a s u b j e ct a n d pre d ic a te ; for t h e per son w ho h a s b e e n

f
w
i
s
s
o
t h e ub j ect t h e verb b ri ng wh ic h is
a s k e d t o bri n g t h e c o
t h e p red ica te of t h a t per s on D es i re of a s p ea k er is c a lle d
purp ort wh e n t h e s pe a k er a ddre s s i ng a n ot h er o r der s h im t o b ri ng
t h e Ga m i t expre ss e s t h a t de s i re in a v a r i e ty of way s accord i ng
for ex a m ple i f i t be t h e t i m e of c ook i ng
t o t h e t i m e of t h e d ay
i t s h oul d s i g n i f y re ; i f du ri n g b a t h i n g i t s h oul d c on vey t h e
a n d d ur i ng
m il k i n g ti m e i t w oul d s i g n i fy a c ow
s e n s e o f wa te r
etc T h us t h en a s o r d i na ry wo r ds a re c ons t rue d a cc or d i n g t o t h e
t i me and ot h er i n ci de n t s c on n n ec t e d w i t h t h e s pe a k e r s o is t he
purp or t of Vedi c p h r as e s t o be as cert a i n e d f rom t h e c om m e n t a ries

n
re s ul t
in t h e f o r m of t h e c om me n ce m e t a n d ter m i n a t i o n
n o velt y etc ; a n d a s i n h u m a n s peec h t h e de s i re of t h e s pea k e r is
'
a s cert a i n e d
s o i n t h e V e d ic utter a n ce s t h e purp or t is I s wa ra s
T h e c on t i g ui t y of wor ds is c a l le d p r ox i m i ty S t reng th
d e s i re
of a t ter m an d t h e rel a ti on of t h e pr operty of i nd ic at i on crea t
I n L og

58

P A NC H A D AS L

h is mas ter

by b r i n g i n g th e cow c on seque n t l y a re l at ion

is ack n o wl e dg e d b et wee n th e wor ds b r i n g an d cow an d

th i s is t h e rel at i ve s i g n i c ati on N ow for th e p re di c ate A

b l ue an d fr ag r an t l otu s
H er e th e l otu s is m ark e d by th e

q u al i ti e s b l ue an d fr ag r an t
T h e t r an s ce nde n t al p h r ase

*
Th at art T h o u is n ot t o b e c on strue d l ike th e B l u e l otu s
an d th at is n ot al l owab l e ; b ut as o n e I m p arti t e an d p e rvad

w i sh

i m pe di m e n t t o r e m e m be r i t s s e n s e is a l so li k e w i s e ca l le d

r
a re
r
x
i
i
t
y
I
n t h e ill u s tr a t i on t he t w o t e m s c o w a n d b r i ng
m
o
p
no
i m p e di m e n t
c on t i g u ou s l y p l a ce d l i k e w i s e t h e s t re n g t h c r e a t e s
in re c ollect i n g t h e s e n s e t o b r in g t h e c o w h e n c e i t is pr ox i m a te
T h u s t h e n w e n d t h e s ou rce o r c a u s e o f a s ce r t a i n i n g t h e purp o r t:
of a te r m
d e p e n d s u pon d e s i re t n e s s p u rp o rt a n d c o n t i g ui t y
w h i c h a re s o m a n y c a u s e s a n d n o ter m c a n b e c o n s t rue d w i t h ou t
t h e m T h i s s t a n ds t ru e in t h e ca s e of a l l wo r d s
ing

no

" A s for

u b ri n g
i n s t an c e
t
h
e
H
e re t h ere is a
o
c ow
y

n
n
r
a
a
n
e
w
n
n
l
s
e
c
o
e
c
t
i
o
o
s
rel
t
i
o
b
t
e
e
t
h
e
s
ub
j
e
ct
c o
y
y ou t h e

b i n g a n d t h e s e n s e is pl a i n
ob j e c t
co w
a n d t h e p re d i c a t e
e n ou g h a s it a s k s a n ot h e r t o f u l l t h e s p e a k e r s d e s i re a n d t h i s
I t is a n ex a m ple
s e n s e w i t h t h e r e l a ti ve co n n ec ti on is t h e p u rp o rt
o f p r ox i m i t y
S o in t h e c o n s t ru c t i on o f a t ra n s ce n d e n t a l p h r a s e

i t is q ui te i n a p p l i c a bl e for i f i t be s a i d l et t h e w ord T h a t i n d ica te

m
a
n
n
f
t h e e i g o t h e w o r d T h o u a n d v i ce v e rs a b y r e l a t i on a n d
p r ox i m i t y t h e n i t w ill t e l l a g a i n s t o t h e r S r u t i tex t s w h e re i t h a s

n
d
d
bee l a i ow n
T h a t is u n a s s oc i a t e d u n con d i ti on e d
Th a t
is m a r k e d b y i n v i s i b il i t y a n d T h ou r e fe r s t o i n t e ll i g e n ce m a r k e d
b y v is ib il it y h e n ce t h e o n e is i n c om p a t ibl e w i t h t h e ot h e r
N ei t h e r ca n t h e s e n t e n ce be c o n s t ru e d l it e r a ll y a s t h e l otu s is
blue for h e re t h e l it e r a l s e n s e s u i t s i n a s m u ch as b e t w ee n t h e
wo r ds blue a n d l ot u s
t h e re is t h e r e l a ti on of s ub j ect a n d
p re d ic a te a s b l u e e x cl u de s ot h e r c ol or s a s wh i t e g r ee n re d etc
a n d l otu s s u c h o t h e r s ub s t a n c e s a s cl ot h
j a r e tc T h us t h e n w e
see t h e n eces s i t y
w hy in c o n s t ru i n g t h e n e ce s s i t y w h y in c on s
t rui n g t h e s e n t e n ce T h a t a rt T h o u t h e u s e of a s u b j ec t a n d
r a on d oe s n ot a
el t i
ppl y a nd t h e r e fore i t is to be c ons t rue d a ft e r
t h e c a n ons of I nd ic at i on
9

r60

P A N C H AD A S I

u nj u s t as al re ady m e n ti on e d in th e c ase of th e t e n th

p er s on
I f you attr i bu te i n v i s i b l e k nowl e dg e to re sul t from
81
T h at art T h ou i t w i l l do away w i th y our v i s i b i l i ty an d y ou
w h o are e n g ag e d in as cert ai n i n g th e n ature of B rah ma w i ll
b e i n vi si b l e Wh at a f al l acy and h ow v e ry u n n atur al y ou r
i n fere n ce s are
A s in or di n ary u sag e i t is s ai d F or i n c re as i n g i t
82

t h at ex ac tl y ap p l i e s in y ou r c as e an d
on e l ose s h is c ap i t al
we h ave an i n s t an c e of it s tr uth exe m pl i e d in y ou r r e ason i n g
If you say i n tel l i g e n c e of J i v a for it s associate of
83
th e i n te r nal or g an may p r operly b e r e g ar de d as v i s i bl e b ut as
B r ah m a is u n assoc i ate d It c an n ot b e s o re g ar de d ( v i s i bl e ) :
B u t B r ah ma is n ot s o u n as soc i ate d b ec au s e w i t h out
84
th e assoc i ate d c on di t i on i t is i m p os s i b l e to f o r m a c on cep t i on
an d s o l on g as a p er s on doe s n ot
o f I t s p r i n c i pl e or n ature
mer g e i n t o th e N on du al after de ath t he assoc i ate d c an n ot b e
don e away wi th
B u t t h i s n ee d n ot n ece ss ar i l y i ndi c ate th ere is
85
Th e p re se n c e
d i ff ere n c e in th e ass oc i ate s of J i v a an d B r ah m a
or ab se n c e of t h e i n ter nal or g an c on s t i tute s th at d i ffere n c e in

as soc i ate d
Ju st as t h e p re se n ce of th e i n te r n al or g an [ its c on
86
dition al rel ati on sh i p ] f or m s th e assoc i ate why is t h e ab s e n c e
o r wan t o f th at o r g an t o p re ve n t a s i m i l ar as soc i ate ?
N ow

h e re we h av e an adm i ss i on an d excl u s i on
Th e r s t
assoc i ate d e x i s te n ce
[ th e c on di t i o nal rel ati onsh i p of th e
i nter n al or g an] c ome s u nde r adm i ss i on wh i l e its wan t is
excl u s i on ; an d th ou g h b oth of th e m are assoc i ate s yet th er e
i s a d i ff ere n ce b et wee n the m of b ei n g an d n ot b e i n g e x i s te n c e
an d n on ex i ste n c e
an d for th i s d i ff ere n c e th ey are t to b e
is

S ay s M ad h u s udan S wa m i S o l ong as acti on s c on ti n ue t h e

a s s oc i a t e c re a te s
t h e d i ff e re n ce in t h e c on d i t i on of [ J i v a a n d
B ra h ma] a n d t h i s is s ai d t o be t h e i ndic a t i on of a n ass oc i a te
.

P A N C H A D AS I

16!

th e s ame way as a c h ai n made of g ol d or

i r on th ou g h di ffere n t so far as th e m et al s are c on cer n e d bu t
in th e m atter of i n i cti n g p u n i s h me n t an d c on n i ng a per s on s
moti on t hey h av e n o d i ff ere nc e wh ate ver an d the ref ore n o
atte n t i on p ai d t o i t
87
P r o fe ssor s of S el f k nowl e dg e h av e as cert ai n e d b oth

adm i ss i on
e x c l u si on as m e an s to th at e n d F or
an d
i n st an ce by th e excl u s i on of p h e n om e n a [ mater i al U n i v e r s e
w h i c h is n on re al an d n on ex i s te n t except in ou r s e n s e s
i l l u s i on] an d adm i ss i on of n ou me n a [ B r ah ma w h i c h al on e is
re al h e n c e
th e Veda nta s eek s t o exp ou nd B r ah m a
wi th a vi e w of ob t ai n i n g sel f
88
B u t obj ec ti on m ay b e t ak e n to th i s vi e w for i t may

b e aske d s i n ce t h e Veda nta s eek s t o ex p ou n d T h at ( B r ah ma)

b y th e excl u s i on of N ot Th at [ p h e n om e n a] ; s i m i l arl y for

a c om mu n i ty o f r efere n ce b et wee n th e wo r ds
a /z a m
ih
dicating th e U n i f o r m I n tel l i g e n c e an d B r ah ma i n tr oducti on
of th e I n d i c at i on o f ab an do n i n g a p art
w i l l f ai l to e s t abl i s h

th e p ercepti on I am B r ah m a
A n d th e reply is T h e i n di
c at i on oi ab an don i n g i n re g ar d t o i nd i vi du al ity ap pl i e s on l y
t o th e p art mar ke d by i n s e n t i e n c y as for i n st an c e th e p hy s i c al
di sre g ar de d ; in

" T h a t refer s t o B ra h ma

T h a t s i g n i e s t h e ob j ecti ve

n
T h eref ore T h a t is n ot N ot t h a t a d N ot t h a t is n ot
w orl d

Th a t T h i s is t h e m et h od u s e d in exp ou n d i ng t h e R e a l i t y of
I n ot h e r
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A n d t h i s is n on ex i s te n t
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1 62

P ANC H AD AS I

etc an d n ot t o t h e U n i f or m I nte l l i g e nc e [T h at is
t o s ay i f t h e g r o ss b ody o r g an s s e n s o ry an d act i ve v i t al ai r s
m i n d an d th i n k i n g b e e xc l u de d fr o m I am I t h e re mai n i n g

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89
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92
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1 64

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t h e I g n or a n c e w h i c h r e s t s t h e re ; b y its re e c te d I n t e ll i g e n c e i t
t h e n d i s co v e rs or re n d e rs i t v i s ible A s is m e n t i on e d in t h e
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1 65

I f fr om a di ffere n c e o f de s i re an d di ff ere n c e in th e

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m uc h is c e rt a i n t h a t t h e pr a ct i c es e n j o i n e d i n t h e s e v e ra l b ra n c h e s
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1 66

P ANC H AD A S I

t h e r s t ch apter o f th e S ar z raka S u /ras Vy as

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1 03
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p r i o r b i rt h s an d fr o m a c on sc i ou sn e ss o f t h e p h y s i c al an d
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fr om th e p recep t s o f a p r ofe s so r c on c er n i n g I t
1 05
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p r op r i ety of t h at w or s h i p as a m e an s t o t h e p r ac t i ce of e ar n e s t
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1 06
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1 07
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Supre me s el f an d wi t h out any tr ace of doub t l e ft c on ce r n i n g
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168

P A NC H A D AS L

j ect s an d c on s t an tl y x i n g i t in th e m i n d th e
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d i s ti n ct i on of s el f fr o m t h e b o dv o r g an s o f s e n s e m i n d etc
A d i s s e n ter s t op s t o e n q u i re w h et h er th er e are any
1 13
rul e s re q ui re d l i k e t h e per f o r m an ce o f de v oti on al exerc i s e
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t h e b o dy etc an d th e u n re al i ty o f m ateri al p h e n o me n a
W h et h er l i k e t h e rec an t i n g of sac re d te xt s or m e d i t ati n g o n
th e i m ag e o f V i s h n u etc i t is n ece s s ary t h at on e s h o ul d ado p t
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o f s el f fr o m t h e b o dy etc
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o f s el f an d th e m at e ri al u n i ve r s e c o n s t an tly requ i r e s n o o th e r
r ul e s b ec au s e o f it s re s ul t b e i n g v i s i b l y p ercepti b l e A s for
i n st an ce a pe r s o n d e s i r o u s of s at i s fy i n g th e c r av i ng s o f h u n g er
o b s e r v e s n o rul e s l i ke th e p erf o r man c e of a dev o t i o n al exerc i s e
t o ap pe as e i t w h i l e s i tti n g at d i n n e r o n th e o th e r h an d e at s
t i l l h e is sat i ate d
1 15
A h u ng ry p e r s on w h eth er at h is d i nn e r or w i th o u t
i t o r by any o the r m e an s ou t o f h is o wn de s i re ap pe ase s i t
T h at is t o s ay w h e n h is d i n n e r is re ady h e e at s w h e n i t is n ot
h e e n g ag e s h is m i n d in p l ay or s o m et h i n g el s e s o as t o s p e nd
t he t i m e an d d i ve rt h is atte n ti on fr o m t h e p an g s o f h u n g e r
o r in c on ve r s ati on o r s leep ; an y h ow h e e at s h i s d i nn e r o u t o f
h is de s i re
T he re f o re th e v i s i b l e re s ul t o f e at i ng is t o ap pe as e
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b ut s o far as th e S r a l r an d
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1 16
T h e d i ffere n c e b et wee n de v ot i onal e x er c i se and
1 14

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P ANC H AD A S I

1 69

e r is thu s bei ng de cl are d T h e re are rul e s t o h e ob s er v e d

b ecau s e i f l e ft u n don e sin o r ti e mer i t is p r o duce d an d i f p er
f o r m e d in d i e re n t l y
t h e s ac re d t e t p r o n ou n ce d w i t h o u t
atte n d i n g
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f ai l t o p r odu ce t h e de s i re d re s ul t ; b ut on th e o th e r h an d
p r o ve i nj ur i ou s o r h a r m ful t o t h e wo r s h i p pe r as h ap pe n e d t o
T h u s t h e n t he
V re trasu r fr o m i n c o rrec t p ron o u n c iat io n
p r o pr i ety of o b s ervi n g rul e s in th e perf o r man c e of w o r s h i p or
de v ot i o n is p l ai n ly e s t abl i s h e d
A n t ag o n i s ti c i de as are a sour c e of pe rcept ib l e g r i e f
1 17
l i ke t h e p an g s o f h u n g e r an d i t is p r o per th ere f ore by so m e
m e an s or oth e r t o c on q uer th e m
B u t for t h at c on que s t the r e
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th ere is n o n ece ss i ty for any ru l e s b u t i t is p r oper t h at on e
s h oul d b e g i n t o m e d i t ate w i t h out the m
1 18
N o w th e m e an s for th e p re ve n t i on of an t ag on i s t i c
i de as to dwel l o n B r ah m a c on s t an tly etc h ave al re ady
b ee n m e n ti on e d T here are n o s uc h rul e s as are e n j o i n e d in
w o r s h i p t o s it w i th th e f ac e t ow ar ds t h e e as t ; b u t as in w o r
s h i p p i n g t h e S al i g r am o n e d wel l s m e n t al ly o n V i s h n u
so o ne
m ay app re h e n d th e rul e h ere is t o p r oduce an u n s wer v i n g
e ar n e st n e ss of th e m i n d an d t o x i t on B r ah ma B u t on th at
c on ce n tr ati n g of th e m i n d on B r ah ma l i k e c on te m pl at i on
th ere is n o rul e n or re str ai n t
1 19
C as ti n g as i de t h ou g h t s of oth er o b j ect s t o d we l l
c on st antl y wi th th e m i n d on som e p arti cul ar f o r m of D ev a
w i th u n di v i de d atte n ti on is c al l e d C on te m pl ati on
A n d t h ere are i n j u n ct i o n s for pr act i s i ng i t fo r i t re m o ve s th e
ck l e n e s s or u n st ab i l i t y o f th e m i n d an d ste ad ie s i t
1 20
A s for i n s t an ce i n t h e G il a ( C h apte r v r v
Oh
K r i s h n a ! I con fe ss th e m i n d t o b e n atur al ly ckl e c au s i n g
wan t of s t e adi n e ss ; s tr on g
so as t o b e u n r e s tr ai n abl e ; an d
h u ng

P ANC H AD AM

7o

b ei n g l e d away b y g ood and b ad ob j ec t s as t o b e we l l

t o c o n t r o l i t ye t l i ke re s tr ai n i n g t h e air
n i g h i m p r acti c ab l e
i t i s w i t h s o m e p ai n a n d i n c on ve n i e n c e c ap ab l e o f b ei ng

s ub j u g ate d
V as h is ta s av s in re g ar d t o t h e di fcul ty w i th w h i c h
1 22
i t is s ub j e cte d
I t is m o re d i f cul t t h an d r a i n i n g awav a s e a
o r up r o o ti n g th e G o l de n M o u n t a i n
( S a mar a ) o r e at i n g re

an d s uc h o t h er fe at s of tr ad i t i on
rm i n

Like

b o dy re s tr ai n e d fr o m m ove m e n t by a ch ai n
the re is n o re s tr ai n t fo r s pe ak i n g an d th i n k i n g on B r ah m a ;
o n t h e c on tr ary
h i s t o ry an d b i og r aph y rec or di n g as th e y
do t h e l i ve s o f g re at m e n c re ate m e n t al e n j oyme nt j u st as
t h e s i g h t o f a dan ce i s e n l i ve n i ng
1 22

'

t h at s tu dy of h i st ory an d b i og r aph y or h e ar i n g
t h e m re ad do e s n ot do away w i th p r o f ou n d c on te m pl ati on ;
for s el f is i n tel l i g e n ce on ly an d is n e i t h e r t h e p h y s i c al b ody
no r th e s e ns ory o r g an s etc w h i c h are l i k e t h e o b j ect i ve worl d
materi al an d p r on e to de s tr u ct i on ; an d as th e p u rp or t o f
hi s t or i c al w o rk s an d b i og r aph y g o t h e s am e w ay t h e i r l i ter al

s i g n i c ati on th e ref o re do e s n ot tel l a ai n s t

g
p rofotrn d c on te m
1 23

But

pl at ion

A g ri cul ture c o m merc e s e rv i c e etc t og et her wi th

a s tu dy o f p oeti c al wo rk s cti o n an d th e N y ay a S h as tr a p ro
duce d i s tr acti o n o f t h e i n tel l ect i n as mu ch as i t is i m p os si b l e
for t h e m t o b r i n g in a rec o l l ecti on o f th e R e al B r ah m a
1 24.

1 2 5 1 2 6

b e aske d e ati n g is al s o al i ke in
a n d i t s h ou l d
cap ab l e o f c re ati n g a re m e m b r an c e o f R e al i ty
T h e re p ly is th ere c an b e n o e x
h e t heref o re ab an do n e d ?
tre m e m e n t al d i s tr ac ti on fr o m e ati n g an d as after i t is o ve r
is t h e re f ore
a per s o n c o m e s t o re m e m b e r t h e R e al B r ah m a i t
n o t t o b e ab an do n e d
T h u s th e n s i n ce e ati n g c re at e s only
fo r t h e t i m e be i n g a b re ak of th e m e n t al o w of rec ol l ec ti on
w h i ch c an n e ver b e d i s as tr ou s i n it s e e c ts a n d afte r i t i s
o ver t h e Re al i ty i s al l at o n ce rec ol lecte d i t c re ate s n o an t a
.

But

it

m ay

P A N C l l ap A s l

1 72

re str i cti on for y our stu dy or f ol l owi ng the occ u p at i on of an

as you m ay x y our c h oi c e u p on
ag r i cul tur i s t etc
B ec au se after th e worl d h as on ce b ee n k n own t o b e
1 31
an d t h at k nowl e dg e h as b ee n c on r m e d th ere is n o
u n re al
mo re exper i e n c e of m i s ery ; a de s rre of c on s u m mati on of fru c
t e sc e nt work s al on e r e m ai n s in a th e os op h i s t
an d fr om t h e
f orce of th e m s pr i n g s h is i n c l i n ati on for pre se n t act i on s
B ut th at d oe s n ot n ece ssar i ly i m pl y a th e os op h i s t h as
1 32
D o n ot th i n k h is
an y i n cl i n at i on for b ad or s i n ful act i on s
depe n de nc e or fructe s ce n t wor k s l e ads h im t o s in th ey s i m pl y
l e ad h im t o perf or m other work s ; eve n as su mi n g s uc h h ar m
fu l work s b ei n g actual ly don e by th e o ver wh el m i n g f orc e of
f ructe s ce n t wor k s t h ere is n o re s i sti n g th e m ff
T h u s t h e n so far as t h e c on s u mm at i on o f fructe sc e nt
1 33
work s g o an i g n or an t p er s on as we l l as a th e 0 30 p h is t are
no

pp os i te doct ri nes p re v a i l in r e g a rd t o res t ra i n t or im

T h e r e a re t e x t s in t h e Upa n is h a d w h i c h
m u n i t y o f r e s t ra i n t
c l e a rl y m a i n t a i n a t h e os op h i s t is n o l on g e r b ou n d b y a n y c o u s i
d e ra t i on h e m a y a c t a s b e s t h e l i k e s w i t h out h a v i n g a n y t h i n g t o
B e c a u s e g n os i s on c e a is e n d e s t roy s
d re ad for t h e i r c on s e q u e n c e
t h e s e e ds of f u ture re b i t h a n d h e is f re e d in l fe
on l y w a i t i n
g
fo r h i s e m a n c i p a t i o n t o b e c o m e a n ac c o m p l i s h e d f act a ft e r h e p a rt s
O u r a u t h o r is a g a i n s t i t a n d h e c on t e n ds in
w i t h h is b ody
t h a t c a s e wh a t is t h e d i ff e re n ce b e t w e e n a t h e os op h i s t a n d a dog
N r is in h a S a ra s a w a t i s a y s in t h e f a c e
t h a t l i ve s o n i m p u r e f ood
t e xt s of Revel a t i on a n d tr a d i ti on i t is i m p os s i b l e t o d e n y
of t h e
t h e i m m u n i t y of a t h e os o p h i s t fr om a l l r e s tr a i n t s b u t i t is n e v e r
T h e y a re s i m pl y e u l og i s t ic of
i n t e n de d t h a t h e sh ou l d a c t t h u s
k nowle dg e I n t h i s c on n e cti on i t r e m a i n s t o be ob s e rve d t h a t t h er e
A cc u m u
a re t h ree s ort s of a c ti o n s m e n t i on e d in t h e Sy s t e m s 0 2s
l ated
a n d C u r r e n t ( Kr zj y a
F l u c t e s ce n t
m a n a)
T h e fi r s t a n d l a s t a re de s t roy e d b y k n o w l e dg e l e a d i n g
u n aff e c t e d t h e s e c on d w h i c h ca n o n l y b e e x h a u s t e d b y e n j oy i n g
h a p p i n e s s or s u ffer i ng mi s er y acc or d i ng t o t h e m e ri t or d e meri t
of a p r i o r h i rt h
T wo

p a nc na

m sr

i 73

'

u al ly ci r c u mstanc e d I f t h i s b e c onte nde d t he i r di ffe re nc e

T h ou g h equ al ly pl ace d
i s n ow b e in g d ecl are d t o re move i t
i n th at re s pect yet a t h e oso ph i s t is p ati e n t in h is su ff er i n g
wh i le an i g n or an t per s on is i mp at i e n t and al way s c l amours
for the g ri ef h e is subj e ct e d t o s u ffer as a re tr ib uti on for p ast
ac t i on s wh i c h h ave al re ady c omme n c e d to b e ar frui t in t he
p re se n t l i fe
1 34
F or ex am ple t wo per s ons tr ave l l i ng on a r oad m i s s
t h e i r way thei r de s ti n ati on s are di ffere n t b ut one of th e m
who k nows t h at h e c ann ot b e ve ry far fr om t he Vi l l ag e h e is
b ou n d for w i th p at i e n ce c on ti n ue s to walk an d ar ri v e s soon
wh i l e th e othe r i g n or an t of how mu ch d i s t anc e h e has ye t to
C ove r s i t s by the r oad si de t o t e st
1 35
O ne wh o h as a t an g i b l e p ercept i on of se l f an d don e
away w i th t h e u s u al m i s t ak e o f c o n n ecti n g h im w i th th i s or
t h at ( t h e phy s i c al b ody o r g an s of s e n s e etc h as no m ore
H e th eref ore feel s no g r i e f
de s i re l eft in h im for e n j oy m e n t
for wha tever h ap pe n s t o his b ody
A fter k n owl e dg e h as ar i se n wh e n th e obj ect i v e worl d
1 36
d its c on te n t s are re duce d to i m p er m an e n ce an d re g ar de d
an
l e ft an d in
u n re al a t h e oso ph is t h as n o de s i re fo r an y t h i n g
t h e ab se nc e o f a de s i re d obj ect h is de s i re is sai d t o c e ase ;
c on se q ue n tly for h im t h ere c an b e n o g r i e f or m i s e ry [ fr om
u n ful ll e d g rat i cat ion s] J us t as a l am p is e x ti n g ui s he d fr om
wan t of o il s o are h is de s i re s exti n g u i s h e d fr om w an t of
o b j ect s of de s i re
an d wi th t he i r de s truct i on h is g r i ef too is
e x ti n g u i s h e d
1 37
B u t i t may b e aske d h ow can wan t of de s i re d ob
?
n g s p r o duce d i n a m ag i c al
e c t s p r oduce w an t of de s i re
T
h
i
j
p erf or m an ce fr om i l lu s i on are n e ve r d e s ire d by any on e on
t h e oth e r h an d t h ey are di s c ar de d an d t h r own away s i mp ly
*
a
b ec u se th ey are k n own to b e f al s e
eq

'

'

"

J u g g ler
h e nce ; t h e y

ouri s h e d t o perfe ct i on in I n di a ce n t u r ie s
woul d cre a te a M an g o tree in y our p re s e nce w it h

a rt

P A N C H AD AS L

174

S i mi l arly a man of di scr i min at i on and j u dg me n t

i s n ever l e d away by th e f as c i n ati on of san dal g arl an d an d
t h ou g h at r s t they ap p e ar t o b e
o t h er s e n s u ou s e n j oy m e n t s
p l e asan t ; b u t o n t h e c on tr ary s h e ws an aver s i on b y
v ery
c on si der i n g th e i mper m an e n c e of s uch p l e asure s an d h e
d e s i re s t h e m n ot
[ I n th i s way to attr i b ute t h e u su al d efect s
w h ic h a l l pl e asure s h ave n atur al ly in th e m is a p o te n t c au s e
o f c re ati n g s up re m e i n d i ffere n ce fo r th e m wh i c h is th e key
to
k nowl e dg e ]
Th e se de fect s are n ow b e i ng p oin te d ou t F or th e
1 39
acqu i s i ti on of w e al t h a p er s on h as t o s u ffe r m an y h a r ds h i p s
h e m u s t g o ab r oad s er v e s om eb ody atte r h is v an i ty o r
c apr i ce e tc its ac c u m ul at i on is al so atte n de d wi th s ever al
d i s as ter s i t exc i te s th e e n vy o f s om e an d cup i di ty o f oth e r s
i t i s to b e p r otecte d fr om th i e v e s an d r ob ber s the n ag ai n
wh e n i t is l os t a p er son s g r i ef k n o ws n o b ou n ds
W h e re is t h e b e auty in a wo m an ? S h e is m ade o f
1 40
e s h an d te n don s ck l e in n ature an d in he r won derfu l or g an
t h ere is n oth i n g very e x q u i s i te
W h at h ave th u s bee n m e n t i on e d in c onn ec ti on wi t h
141
w e al t h an d wo m e n ap pl y w i th equ al f o rce t o all o bj ect s an d
i n t h e S h as tras t h e s e defect s h ave b ee n decl are d s o th at m e n
c on s t an tly d wel l i n g on or c on s i de r i ng th e m m ay s h e w an
aver s i on for m ater i a l e n j oy me n t an d b e g e t i n di ff ere n c e
A per son m ay b e extre mely p re ss e d by h u n g e r ye t
1 42
t h at woul d n ot m ake h im de s i r o u s o f e ati n g p o i son for s ati s fy
i n g h is c r av i n g s of f ood ; h ow t h e n can a pe r s on of dis cri m i
n ati on w h o h as q ue n c h e d h is t h i r s t w i th s weet s e ve r s h e w t h e
l e as t i n c l i nat i on t o t ake a d i s h of p o i son e d f oo d k n ow i ng
p o i s on to b e there ? [ I n ot h e r wo r ds a m an of d i scr i m i n a
t i on k n ows all se n s u ou s e nj oy me n t s t o b e p oi sonou s an d h is
1

:
8
3

bl os s om
b ut

be

n o on e

no

f ru i t an d p r e s e n t t h e m t o y ou pr e s s i ng y ou t o t as te
s h e ws a ny i ncl i n a t i on b e cau s e h e
k nows t h e frui t t o

and

ma ng

o a t a ll.

r7 6

P A N C H AD A S I

b e s o make s h im a fr i e nd and h e is no mor e ath ie f

t o his acc om p l i c e
T o a per s on w h os e m i n d h as b ee n du l y subj u g ate d
1 49
an d s e n se s re str ai n e d o r ke pt away fr o m s e n su ou s obj ect s
l i ttl e e nj oy m e n t is e n ou g h for h e k nows t o a ce rt ai n ty t h e
d efect s atte n d i n g i t wh i c h are a sourc e o f m i s ery
Th ere f or e
w i th a fe ar o f av o i di n g s uc h i n c on ve n i e n c e an d p ai n wh i c h
al l e nj oy me n t s h ave in th e m h e is s ati s fi e d wi th l i ttl e as h is
s h are of p ai n w i l l al s o b e th u s m i n i m i se d :
1 50
Li ke a k i n g att acke d by a c omb i n e d f orce o f some
o f h is b r oth er c h i ef s de s p oi l e d o f terr i t or i e s an d s ati s e d w i th
t h e l i ttl e th a t re mai n s w h i c h h e c o n s i de r s t o b e am pl e b u t
t i l l h e was s o att acke d and d e sp o i l e d h is k i n g dom h e re
g ar de d to b e s mal l an d i n s u f c i e n t
I f i t b e al l e g e d h ow c an th e fructe sce n t work s p ro
d uce in a th e osop h i s t a de s i re o f e n j oy me n t s i n ce h e k n ows
c le arly fr om d i s c r i m i n at i on t h e u s u al def e ct s i n h e re n t in i t ?
T h ere is n o i n c on s i ste n cy w h ateve r i n i t ; for ac
1 52
t u al l y we n d a v ar i ety o f fructe s ce n t work s c au s e d by de s i re
a b s e n c e o f de s i re an d at t he i n s t an c e of a s ec on d per son s
d es i re
1 53
T h e se are n o w b ei n g p arti c ul arl y decl are d A s an
i n st an ce o f th e r s t v ar i ety w h o may m e n ti on th e de s i re o f
a p ati e n t o r i n v al i d t o e at w h at i s u n wh o l e s o m e ; of a t h i e f
T h ey
t o s te al ; o f a p roig ate t o e n j oy th e k i n g s dau g h te r
k now t h e g r at i c ati on of s u c h de s i re s i l l b r i n g f or t h e v i l
c on s eq ue n ce s y et f r om a f orce of fructe s ce n t th ey are e n g ag e d
in th e m : h e n c e they are c al l e d fruc te s ce n t work s c au s e d by
de s i r e
E v e n I s war a is i nc ap abl e of p reve n t i n g th e m fr om
1 54
t ak i n g e ffec t as p o i nte d ou t b y S ree K r i s h n a in h i s d i s c o ur s e
wi th A rj u n a ( V i de G il a C h apt V I v
1 55
S i nc e th e ref o re a t h e os op h i s t is s ubj e ct to th e fru e
w h at more is t o b e s ai d o f ot h e r s ; al l b ei ng s a re
t e s ce n t
e qu al ly aff e c te d by th e m
B u t the n i t may b e aske d i f e v ery
h im to

'

'

P A N C H AD A si

17 7

b e e n ti rel y depe nde nt u p on ou r fru c te scen t work s

Of wh at av ai l is m e n t al r e str ai nt an d S ubj u g at i on of the se n se s
by t h e p r act i ce o f Y og a ?
I f th ere w oul d h ave b ee n th e s l i g h te s t ch anc e
1 56
t h e futu re c ou r s e of th e fructe sc en t n e i th e r
o f i n ue n c i n g
R am ac h an dr a Y u dh is t h ira n or N al a of P aran a ce l eb r i ty ;
wo ul d th e n h ave s u ffere d s uc h extre m e an d u nb r oke n m i ser i e s
for s e ver al y e ar s i n s ucce s s i o n as t h ey d id
A ri d th e i m p ote n cy of I s war a to i nue n c e or cont rof
1 57
t h e m doe s n ot c re ate any d i sc o r d in h is s overe i g nty or u ni
t e rs al c on tr ol for i t was h is w i s h th at fruc tesce n t w ork s wou l d
c on ti n ue t o b e ar fru i t an d k n ow of n o in t er ru p t ion or m odi
cat ion fr o m an y extr an e ou s i n ue n c e
T h e s ec on d v ar i ety of fruct es c e n t Wo rk s c au se d b y
1 58
an ab s e n ce o f de s i re i s m e n t i o n e d in K r i s h na s di s c ou r s e wi t h
A rj u n a in th e t h i r d c h apte r o f t h e G z i a comm e n c i n g wi t h
H e ar wh at h e say s :
ver s e 36t h
1 59
A sk s A rj u n a : W h e n a v i rtuou s m an is f orc ed to
do a s i n ful act l i k e a t h ief c ompel l e d to wor k i n p r i son who
or wh at c o m pe l s h im ?
K r i sh n a
D e s i re p r o duc e d by t he act i ve qu al ity of
1 60
is t h e c au se o f de s tr oy i n g m e r i t or i ou s act i ons
t h e i n di v i du al
an d b r i n g i n g f ort h i n j ury or de m eri t
A ng e r is an oth er mod i
cat ion of de s i re th e t w o i n c i te a p er s on to s i n fu l act i on s :
I 6 I T h ere fo re A r j u n a wh e n y ou de s i re n ot to do a
th i n g y ou r fruc t e s ce nt w i l l m ak e y ou e n ti rely s ub s e r v i e n t to
your de s i r e and ang er an d i n duce you t o do th at th e re is no
doub t ab ou t i t
1 62
Whe n t h e re is n e i th er de sire n or ab se nce of it to do
a th i n g
b ut s i m p l y for b e n et i ng a th i r d p er son one is in;
d u ce d t o do i t an d t h u s m ade to e x per i e n c e e i th e r h app i ne ss
o r it s r ever s e i t is c al l e d fruc te sc e nt work s c re at e d b
y a de s i re
o f [ be n eti n g ] an o t h e r
T h u s the n as fr om f or c e; of f ru c te sc e n t work s e v e n
th e wi s e are not free from de si re i t may b e c on te n de d h ow
one of

us

'

'

fs

P A N C H AD A S L

i t t al ly wi th th e S ru t i wh ere its ab se n c e is m ai n t ained

W h at m ore h e is t o des i re P
B ri t th i s is c on ce i ve d i n
th u s
e rr o r fo r t h e utter an ce o f t he S r u l z
oe s t o e s t ab l i s h n o t w an t
g
of de s i re b u t s i m pl y it s wan
t of p ote n cy t o c re ate an y i n cl i
n ati o n fo r fu rther e n oy me n t s
ai ns are
j
u
t
p
rc
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r
a
s
as
d
g
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dep r i ve d of fru it b e ar i n g p owe r s o r g er m i n at i on
1 64
T h at is t o s ay as p arc he d g r ai ns are i n c ap ab l e of
g er m i n ati n g an d p r o duci n g any c r o p s o a t h e os o p h i s t s d e s i r e
t h ou g h p re s e n t i s i n c a p ab l e o f pr oduc i n g any i n c l i n ati on
f or fra i l work s f" i n as m uc h as k n ow le dg e h as e s t ab l i s h e d t h e
i m per m an e n ce o r u n re al i ty o f al l obj ec ts an d t h u s s t ands in
c ol l is ion of i t s fruc ti fy i n g
5 16
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s s i bl e t o m ai n t ai n an o pp os i te do c tri n e
i
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and t o s ay si n ce a t h e o s op h i s t i s n e ve r de s i r ou s of e n j oy i n g
h e has v i rt u al ly n o de s i re : for as i n t h e c as e of
an y fru i t s
p arc h e d g r ai ns th ou g h i n c ap ab l e o f p r oduc i ng a c r o p ye t are
t h ey c ap ab l e of b e i n g e xte n an d are fi t f ood fo r m e n s o doe s
a t h e os o p h i s t s de s i re p r od u c e l i ttl e e n j o
y me n t an d b r i ng f orth
n o c al am i ty
H is fruc te s ce n t work s are e xh au ste d ( fr om C onsu m
1 66
mati on) by e nj oy i ng th e i r fru i t s theref ore th ey p r oduce n o
c al am i ty wh i c h f o l l ows o n ly wh e n fr om i g n or an ce a p er son
i s del u de d i n t o t h e b el i e f of re al i ty o f al l obj ect s wh i c h h e is
d e s i r ou s of e nj oy i n g
an d t h ere is no e n d of s u c h de s i re
Vi rtu al ly h e i s n e ve r sati ate d
1 67
A n d t h at c al am i ty ass u m e s p retty o ft
th i s sh ape
L e t my e n j oy m e n t s n e ve r c ome t o an e n
b ut let th e m
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i i g fr om de s i re or a n g e r i n cl u d e s t e n v ice s c om i ng
u nde r c a l a m i t y a s z li u n t in g g a m bl i n g d a y s l e e p i ng c a l u m n y
w h o r i n g d a n c i n g S i n g i n g pl a y i n
Fa te
g i d l e roa m i n g d r i n k i n g
c om p r e h e n d s e i h t z de pr a v ity
v i ole nce i n j ury e n v y mal ice
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1 89

P A N C H A D A si

ce ase d to b e c on v i n c e d of it s re al i ty an d t ake s i t al l
for a d re am c on s eque n tl y h e h ee ds i t n ot an d p ay s v ery
l i ttl e re g ard
T h i s i nde scr i b ab l e u n i ver s e m ade of m atte r is b ut
1 74
an i l l u s i o n l i ke ob j e ct s s ee n i n a m ag i c al pe rf or m an ce ; fr o m
a rm
c o n vi cti on of t h e u n re al i ty o f p h e n om e n a in t h i s way
h e k e ep s off al l i l lu s i on s as t o t h ei r re al i ty an d as a re s ul t
w h ateve r e n j oy m e n t s h e m ay h ave fr o m h is fr uc te s ce n t work s,
p r oduc e n o c al am i ty t o h i m
F o r t h e k n ow l e dg e of u n re al i ty of ph e n om e n a is a
175
h el pi n g c au se for S e l f k n o w l e dg e : w h i l e fruc te s ce n t w ork s are
o n ly a s o u rc e o f e n j oy m e n t o r s u fferi n g fo r a n i n d i v i du al

he

h as

76

T h u s fro m a n at u ral d i ffere n ce in t h e e ff ect s th ey

p r oduce s el f k n o wl e dg e a n d fruc te s ce n t wo rk s are n ot o p p os e d
w e n d a per s o n der i v i n g p l e as ure an d
t o e ach o t h er ; fo r
t h ou g h
am u s e m e n t fr o m t h e s i g h t o f a m ag i c al p erf o r m an c e
h e k n ows t h e t h i n g s p r o duce d are al l u n re al T h u s f o r a
d i ff e re n c e o f s u b j e ct s fr uc te s ce n t work s do n ot s t an d in t he
way o f S e l f k n o wl e dg e
1

n j oy s th e
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77
t i on s al r e ady c om m e n ce d to b e ar frui t w i th a i m c on v i e
t i on o f t h e r e al i t y o f t h e w o rl d in s p i te o f it s i m p e r m an e n c e
s u c h k n o w l e dg e i s de s tructi ve o f S e l f k n owl e d e
A n d h is
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c o n v i c ti on of re al i ty c an n ot m ake i t r e al w h e n i t is n atu r al l y
u n re al

78

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j ect s th ou g h n atur al ly u n re al are e n

j oy e d s o a re u n re al ob j ec t s o f t h e wak i ng c on di ti on t o b e
r e g ar de d as c ap ab l e of be i n g e nj oy e d
1

I f k n o w l e dg e o f S up re m e S e l f c oul d de str oy al l e n
j oy ab l e ob j e c t s i t wo u l d t h e n c au s e de s t ru c t i o n of fruc t e s ce n t
w o r k s an d b e i e g ai de d i n t h at l i g h t : v u t u a l ly i t d o e s n o s uc h
t h i n g i t s i m p l y e s tab l i s h e s t h e i r i m pe r man e n c e an d u n re al i ty
a n d do e s n o t c au s e t h e i r de s t i u c t io n ther e f o re Se lf k nowl e d
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q A N C H AD A S l

As wi th out th e de s truct i on

th i n g p r oduce d in a
m ag i c s h ow its v e i y s i g h t c au s e s m ii t h t o a s p e c t at or t h ou g h
h e k n ow s i t t o b e u n r e al ; s o w i t h ou t t h e de s t ru c t i on o f al l
o b j e ct s o f e n j oy m e n t s el f k n o w l e d g e o ff e r s n o i m p e d i m e n t t o
t h e i r e n j oy m e n t w i t h a s i m p l e k n owl e dg e of t h e i r u n re al i ty
fr om t h e f orc e o f fructe s ce n t wor k s
I f i t b e s ai d r e pe ate d m e n ti on is m ade in t h e S ru t z ,
1 81
of a m an o f d i s c r i m i n ati o n re ac h i n g t h at s t ag e w h e n h e t e
r
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n t fr om s elf ; in s uc h a s t ate wh o
d
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n
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o
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g
g
i s t h e n t o s e e h e ar or s m el l an d w h at i s h e t ofs pe ak ?
T h eref or e w h e n the re is n o p oss i b i l i ty for g n os i s t o
1 82
h o w c an a k n ow e r
ar i s e w i t h o ut d e s tructi on o f p h e n o m e n a
o f t h e S e c on d l e s s B r a h m a n on di s ti n ct fr om sel f : b e s ai d t o
e nj oy o b j ect i vely
T h e ab o ve
L i s te n t o t h e r e p ly th at is b e i n g g i ve n
1 83
S r u / z text h as n o re f e r e n c e t o t h e p e r i od w h e n a p e r s on i s
e n g ag e d i n t h e ac q u i re m e n t o f k n o wl e d g e for i t is d i s ti n c tl y
S u tra
m e n ti on e d in t h e S /z a r z ra/ea S u t ras ( C h ant i v
a s an i l l u s tr at i o n o f p r o f ou n d s l u m b e r an d e man c i p at i on ; of
t h e m t h e de p e n de n ce o f e i t h e r o n e as sub j e c t o f t h at c o n d i
t i on w h e n h e re g ar ds e ve ry t h i ng t o b e s el f is m ai n t ai n e d in
t h e S ru tz
1 84
I f th at i s n ot ad m i tte d Y aj n av al k y a w i l l c e ase t o b e
a p r o fe s s o r
b ec au s e wh e n h e s ee s t h e exter n al w o rl d h is
k n owl e dg e of n on du al i ty is vii t u al ly at an e n d an d w h e n h e
s ee s i t n ot n o w o r ds c an o w
[ I n o t h er wo r ds i f n o re g ar d
b e p ai d t o t h e ex pl an ati on j u s t g i ve n ab o ut p ro fou n d s l u m b er
o r e m an c i p ati on t h ere w o ul d b e n o p r o fe ss o r of s e l f k n ow
l e dg e for in t h e w ak i n g c on di t i on h e is p r acti c al ly rel ate d t o
t h e exter n al wo rl d h is k n owl e dg e o f it s i l l u s i on is t h e n at an
e nd ;
an d wh e n h e s ee s i t n ot fr om wan t of ade q u ate wor ds t o
h el p t h e p erc ep ti on o f h is p up i l s h is wor ds wo ul d ce as e to
i n s ti l i n t o t h e i r m i n ds k n ow l e dg e of n on du al i ty so t h at
t h e tr adi t i onal doc tr i ne of t h e e f cacy of k n owl e dg e wi l l b e
n u lli fi e d ]
1 80

of a

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82

P AN C H A D AS I

re g ar d th at v ar i ety of p r o f ou n d u n c on sc i ou s
m e d i t ati on w h e n t h er e i s n o d i st i n cti on k e p t u p b et wee n
k n o we r k n owl e dg e an d t h e s ub j ec t t o b e k n own for t h i s
*
n
why is n o t
as v i s i b l e k n o wl e dg e
w an t o f p ercept i o
of s el f
p r of ou n d s l u mb er t o b e e q u al ly re g ar de d ?
1 86
I f you c o n te n d t h ere is wan t o f k n owl e dg e o f sel f
i n p r o f ou n d s l u mb e r an d h e n ce i t is n ot ad m i tte d as k n o w
l e dg e t h at is t o s ay t h e exter n al w orl d t h e n c e ase s t o ex i s t
rel at i vely t o t h e i n di v i du al an d for wan t o f a s ub j ect to c o ve r
o r t ak e p os s e s s i o n o f s el f p r o f o u n d s l u m b er c an n o t b e l ook e d
up on as k n owl e dg e i t v i rtu al ly am ou n t s t o an e xc l u s ion o f p h e
1

85

If

y ou

T h e re

v a ri e t ie s of k now l e dg e t h e i n v i s i b le a n d
"
"
vi s ibl e
I a m B ra h m a
B ra h m a is is a n i n s t a n ce of t h e r s t

o f t h e s e c on d k i n d : t h e
i n vi s i bl e d e s t ro y s t h e n on b e i n g of
B ra h m a v i s i b il i t y d e s t r oy s i g n o ra n c e w i t h it s t ra m m e l s
'
T h e n on b e i n g o f B ra h m a d u e t o e n v e l o p m e n t
is d e s

r
n
d
t oy e d b y t h e k ow l e g e of t h e
i n v i s i b l e k i n d w h ic h c l e rl y
"
T h e r e is B ra h m a
d e fi n e s I t s ex i s t e n c e b y t h e e x p r e s s i o n
F or
t h e t w o a re a n t ag o n i s ti c t o e a c h ot h e r a n d ca n n o t co e x i s t ;
h e nc e t h e a d m i s s i on of t h e e xi s t e n c e o f B ra h m a m u s t do a w a y
w i t h I t s n on ex i s te n ce o r n o n b e i n g ; a n d a s s u c h a pe c e p t i o n is
d i m a n d v a g ue ( n o t h i n g d e n i t e ) i t is c a ll e d i n v i s i b l e
I am

B ra h m a
is a d e fi n it e p e r ce p ti on h e n ce i t is c a ll e d v i s b l e k n o w
th e
l e d g e [ or k n ow l e dg e m a r k e d b y
a n d it c a u s e s
F o r t h i s k n o w l e dg e
d e s tr u c t i on o f i g n o r a n c e w i t h it s t ra m m e l s
"
is a n t a g o n i s tic o f t h a t i g n ora n c e w h i c h s a y s I k n o w n o t B ra h m a

w h i c h d e c l a re s
T h e re is n o B a h m a
a n d of t h a t o t h e r k i n d
"
I t c a n n o t b e c og n i z e d
v a r iet i e s o f c on c e a l m e n t o r e n v l o p
I am
m e n t a s h a v e j u s t b e e n r e m a r k e d a n d t o t h e de c l a ra t i o n

n ot a B ra h m a
b u t a n a g e n t o f V i rt u e a n d v i c e a n d a n i n s t ru
t h e s am e as J i v a
m e n t fo r e n j oy i n g w e a l o r s u ff e r i n g w o e
w h i c h is a m i s t a k e ; a n d t h e s e a e t h e t ra m n e l s or n e t s o f i g n o r a n c e
w h i c h c a n n o t e x i s t w i t h t h e r e a l de fi n i t e a n d v i s i b l e p e rce p t i o n
"
of
B r a h m a w h i c h is e xp re s s e d b y
I a m B r ah m a
D H O LE S
Vi ch a rs ag a r p 1 1 7
t wo

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1 84

P AN C H A D AS L

'

i t b y de str oy i n g it s s ap an d its g ree nne ss

i s g o n e ; s o do th e s ac re d wr i ti n g s i n te r d i ct p ass i on s an d
d e s i re s i n t h e w i s e for t h ey are detr i me n t al t o e m an c i p ati on
H e n ce i t is sai d wh e n t h e i r p urp o rt is g at h ere d an d c og n i t i on
o f t h e S e con dl e s s Re al i ty r ml y e s t ab l i s h e d a p e rs o n is n o
l en g er aff ec te d b y h is de si re s b ec au se t h ey are s i m p ly th e
B u t t h e n as a t h e osop h i s t s
attr i b ute s of t h e i n ter n al o r g an
d e s i re s are n ot rm c o n s e q ue n tly t h e i r w an t i s e s t ab l i s h e d
h e nce ad m i ss i on an d i n te r d i ct i o n o f a t h e os op h i s t s de s i re in
as they r e fe r t o r m n e s s o r rm att ac h
t h e s acre d wr i ti n g s
me n t ( wh i c h h e h as n ot) an d its wan t doe s n ot s i g n i fy an y
op p os i te c on d i t i on b ut s i m p ly wan t o f f on d att ac h m e n t
A s t h e u n re al i ty of p h e n om e n a i s r m ly e s t ab l i s h e d
1 92
i n th e wi s e s o is h is k n owl e dg e of s el f b e i n g u n c on d i t i on e d
C ont ai ni n g

re

k ill s

'

9"

I f f rom

e c a u s e or o t h e r t h e re b e re in t h e c a ver n of
a tre e it s s a p is d e s t r oy e d : s o is t r a n q u il i t y o f m i n d d e s tr oy e d
by de s i re p rod u ce d f ro m i g n ora n c e of t h e S u p re m e S e l f a n d h is
d i s t i n c ti o n w it h t h e i n d i vi du a l s p i ri t o r A t m a t h e r e fo re i t is s a i d
t o be h is s i g n
A t h e os op h i s t s d e s i re is n ot rm t h a t is t o s a y
fr om a r e l a t i on o f it s p rox i m a te c a u s e t h e i n ter n a l o rg a n a n d a
s i m il a r r e l a ti on w i t h
t h e m a t e ri a l c a u s e it s fri e n dl y ob j e ct a n
e x cl u s i ve w a n t o f d e s i re is c a lle d
u n rm d e s i re
A n i g n ora n t
pe r s on h a s a l s o h is rel a t i on w i t h t h e i n te rn a l o r g a n but n o w a n t
o f d e s i re ; w e f e e l n o d e s i re in s o u n d s l e e p b u t t h ere is n o r e l a t i o n
o f t h e i n ter n a l o r g a n t oo
i m p re s s i on s o n l y c o n ti n u e t h e n I n
t h e i g n ora n t n o t w i t h s t a n d i n g a r e l a t i o n of t h e i n ter n a l or g a n a
d e s i r e is ab s e n t w h e n t ry i n g for t h e a cc om p l i s h m e n t of a n ob j e c t
but t h e re is n o r e c oll e c ti on of ob j e c t s c on f o r m a b l e o r fri e n dl y a n d
a dj a c e n t o r n ea r
A s i m i l a r r e l a t i on w i th t h e i n ter n a l o rg a n a nd
c o n f or m a ble ob j ec t s a re f o u n d t o b e p re s e n t a l on g w i t h a t he os o
p h is t s de s i re w h e n h e is n ot in t h e d i s c ri m i n a t i n g m ood b u t t h a t
i s n ot c on s t a n t or e x c lu s i vel y s o
I n t h e Gi t a ( C h a p
v
i s m e n ti o n e d
D e s i re s c eas e i n a n i n d i v i d u a l a fter t h e c og n i
"
o
n
o
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ti
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H e nce u n rm d e s i re s of a t h e osop h i s t a re
f a u l tl e s s
s om

P A N C H A D AS I

1 85

u nr elate d h e h as n o m o re de s i re for any ob j ect ; th e ref or e

i t is s a i d :
W h at m ore is h e t o de s i r e an d c on ti n ue att ac h e d

I t is n ot t o b e s upp os e d w an t of o bj e c t s
t o t h e b ody ?
p r oduc e ce s s ati on o f de s i re ; o n t h e o t h e r h an d f r om an
de s i re is de s
ab s e n ce o f ag e n t or i n s tru m e n t o f e n j oy me n t
t roy e d : an d t h at do e s n o t s i g n i fy t h e de at h o r de s truct i on of
the ag e n t b ut o nly h is i n s tr u m e n t al i ty of e nj oy m e n t
A h u s b an d an d wi fe are n ot de s i re d for t h e i r g r at i
1 93

I n othe r wor ds
S rul z
cat ion b ut for e n j oy me n t of Self
affecti on fo r wi fe or s on d oe s n ot p r ocee d fr o m any o the r
m ot i ve b ut s el f i n tere st ; a per son h as h is o wn de s i re s t o s e r v e
th eref ore t h e ab o ve p assag e fr om th e S r u / z l i ke s i m i l ar o th er s
are i n te n de d t o s h o w de s i r e fo r w i fe an d c h i l dre n
h u sb an d
an d o t h er obj e ct s pr ocee d n o t for m ak i n g
t h e m e n j oy h app i
B u t i t m ay b e
n e s s b ut for t h e h ap p i n e ss of on e s o wn s e l f
ob j ecte d
as s el f is n ot an i n s tru m e n t or ag e n t i t is futi l e t o
do away w i th th e i de a of h is e nj oy m e n t ; th ou g h t h i s is a f act
y et pr i or t o g n os i s h as ar i s e n h e is apt t o b e t ake n for an
i ns tru me nt an d i n di v i du a l exp er i e n ce l ike wi s e e s t ab l i s h e s i t
Th i s is ag ai n c or r ob or ate d by th e ab ove S ru / z tex t
1 94
Who is t h e ag e n t ? W h et h er th e U n i f or m I nte l l i
w
i
i
r t h e t wo t og ethe r c o m
e
ce
o
r
t
s
reecte
h
a
d
s
s
o
o
d
n
s
o
g
b in e d ? N ow as re g ar d s t h e r s t i t is c l e arl y u n te n abl e b e
c au s e U n i f or m I n tel l i g e n c e is u nassoc i at e d an d u n rel ate d
1 95
B ec au s e e n j oy me n t is a m od i c ati on of c on ce i t in
h app i n e ss and its re ver s e ; an d as th e U n i f or m I n tel l i g e n c e
is s ubj ect t o n o m od i fi c at i on ( i t is u n c h ang e ab l e ) t h ere f or e
i f i t were t o be an i n stru me n t of e n j oy m e n t its u n i f or m i ty
W i l l be de s tr oye d an d i t Wi l l t h e n b e s ubj ec t t o c h an g e an d
c h ang e c an n ot ab i de in u n i f or m i ty th e t wo are op p ose d to
o n e an ot h er
1 0
b e m ore ex pl i c i t E nj oy m e n t of h ap p i

n e ss an d m i s ery as s u m e s th i s s h a pe
I a m h app y
I am

m i s er ab l e
etc fo r wh i c h i t is c al le d a c h ang e d c on di ti on of
c on cei t in th e f or m of h ap pi ne ss or its reve r s e N ow inte ll i
g e nc e t hat is u ni f or m and k nows n o c h an g e c annot be con
an d

'

'

'

1 86

P AN C H AD A S I

th at c onc e i t i nasm uc h as c h ang e doe s n ot re s i de

in th e s am e p l ac e wi th u n i f or m i ty for th ey are n atu r al ly
o p p os e d
N ei th e r c an re ex i n tel l i g e n c e b e re g ar de d as an
1 96
i n stru m e n t B ec au s e t h o u g h d epe n de n t o n I n tel lec t wh i c h
is al way s u n der g o i n g c h an g e an d for t h at i t is p o s s i b l e t o
attr i bute c h an g e ab i l i ty t o i t yet as a re e c te d s h ado w i t c an
n ot ab i de i n dep e n de n tly o f t h e U n i f o r m I n tel l i g e n ce ; b u t as
t h i s on e is n o i n s tru m e n t its s h adow t h e re ex i n tel l i g e n ce can
T h e n ag a i n as t h e re c an b e n o m i s t ak e o f
n ei th e r b e s o
h ere r o p e is t h e ab i di n g
s n ake w i th out a r op e b e i n g p re s e n t
s ub s t an ce o n w h i c h t h e s n ake is a ttr i bute d t h r ou g h i l l u s i o n
the re c an b e
s o w i t h out U n i f o r m I n tel l i g e n c e be i n g p re se n t
n o reex an d th i s o n e c a n n o t b e m i s t ak e n for t h at o t h e r
T h u s th e n i f n ei th er th e U n i f o r m I n tel l i g e n ce n or
1 97
i ts reecte d s h ado w b e an i n s tru m e n t t h e t wo t og eth e r are
p r acti c al ly re g ar de d so th ou g h in p o i n t o f trut h t h ey are n ot

T h i s on e is u n as soc i ate d
T h e c og n i ti on al s h e ath is a
Fr om th e se tex t s s el f is e st ab
s ubj ec t o f t h e v i t al ai r s e t c
l is h e d as o n e u n c on d i ti on e d an d I n tel lec t is a m an n e r of
T h e ref ore o n e m ay o bj ec t t o t h e v i e w t ak e n an d
wi t n e s s
as
ap p re h e n d trul y al s o ab ou t t h e t wo I n te l l i g e n ce s t og et h e r
i n s tru me n t an d n ot a m ere m atte r o f p op ul ar be l i e f T h e
S r u t z n e v e r i n te n de d t o e s t ab l i s h t h e truth of s uc h in stru
m e n t al i ty or ag e n cy t h eref o re t o s ay t h e n atu re o f s uc h ag e n t
I n t h e sam e m an n e r h as t h e S r zz l z don e
i s true is i mp r op e r
away w i th th e ag e n cy b e g i n n i n g W i th s el f a n d e n d i n g in t h e
U n i f or m I n te l l i g e n ce
[ A s w i l l ap p e a r i n t h e se q ue l ]
1 98
K i n g J an ak e n q ui re d of Y aj n av al k y a w h o is s e l
T h e s ag e p o i n te d ou t on e after t h e o t h e r b e g i n n i n g w i t h t h e

c og n i ti on al s h e at h an d e n di n g in t h e u n as s oc i at e d fo r h el p
n e cte d

wi th

'

'

1 h e re

h e a t h s e ac h o f w h i c h is r e g a rd e d a s S e lf
Y aj n a v a l k a r e f u t e d t h e m b y d e m on t r a t i n g a g u m e n t s a n d p r oof s
o ne b
y o n e t h u s h e l p i n g t o i n s til i n t h e m u d o f h is p u p i l a c o rr e c t
"
k nowl e dg e of s e lf u l t i mat e ly b y th e p as s ag e q u ot e d T h i s on e etc
'

a re

ve

'

1 88

P ANC H AD AS i

in del i bl y to x h is

l ov e

on

th e t rue

of

ture

na

th e re al e nj oye r

t h u s k n ow h i m
205
A s fr om f or g e t ful n e s s of s e l f th e i g n or an t x t he i r
w i fe
att ac h m e n t rml y o n ob j ect s of s e n se s g arl an d
s an dal
c l oth i n g an d g o l d s o is a t h e oso p h i s t to x an d c o n ce n tr ate
i t o n th e re al n ature of t he e nj oyer ( se l f ) ; an d h e f or g et s
and

h im

n ot .

2 06

v i ct o ry o ver h is r i v al s is al way s
e ng ag e d in t h e stu dy o f D r am at i c work s L og i c etc s o doe s
a p e r son de s i r ou s of re le as e s tu dy d i s c r i m i n ati o n o f S el f
2 07
A s a m an of f ai t h is e n g ag e d in d ev ot i on al exerc i se
w i th a d e s i re
an d s ac r i c i al wo rk s e n j o i n e d i n t h e S /z arl ras
o f ac q u i r i n g th e b l i s s ful ab o de of h e ave n s o doe s the e m an ci
pa te d s h ow h is f ai t h i n s e l f
As

on e

de s i r ou s

of

As

Y og i wi t h muc h p e r s e v er an c e

an d

l ab ou r ac
qui re s th e p owe r of c on ce n tr ati n g h is m i nd o n one o bj ect so
do e s an e m an c i p ate d p er s on x h is atte n ti on on th e R e al
B r ah ma wi th th e obj ec t of ac qu i r i n g l i g h t n e ss an d h e avi
n e ss e t c
a

As

rep et i t i on of p r act i ce l e ads to sk i l ful n e ss in th os e

de s i rou s of v i ct o ry me n of f ai th and Y og zs ; s o doe s dis cri
mi nat i on of S el f b y rep et i t i on c l e ar h im of al l m i st ake s an d
p ur ify se l f k no wl e dg e in t h e e manc i p ate d
20

'

'

T he n

" of
r
e
n
s
o
p

di s c r i m i n ati on

l y s i n g th e
re al n ature of t h e e nj oy e r i n fe re n ti al ly an d d i ffe re n ti al ly
k n ows the wi t n e ssi n g U n i f o r m I n te l l i g e n ce t o b e u n as soc i ate d
an d u n c on di ti o n e d i n wak i n g
d re am i n g an d p r of ou n d s l u m
b er i ng c ond i ti on s

2 ro

by

ana

F or

ex am p l e
Wh ate ve r obj ect s are exp er i e n ce d
in th e t h ree c on di t i on s o f wak i n g
d re am i ng an d p r of ou n d
s l u m ber ( b e th ey g r os s s ub tl e o r in th e f or m of fel i c i ty
f
) or
th e p urp os e of e nj oy m e n t
th at ex per i e n c e is p re se n t on ly in
t ha t p art i cu l ar c on di t i on wh ere they are s ee n o r fel t th ou h
g
t he wi t ne s s wh o i s t o c og n i se is p r e s e nt in al l c on dit i ons;

P AN C H AD A S I

89

th i s th ere is n o di ss e n ti e n t v oi c e for i t is th e u ni
ve rsal e x peri e n ce
212
N o w in refere n ce t o i n fe re n t i al an d di ffere n t i al an a
ly s i s fo r t h e d i s c ri m i n ati o n of s el f th e Vedas are p r oof s t oo
W i t h t h i s purp os e t h e S r u l z te s ti m on y is b e i n g c i t e d
Th at
sel f w h e n h e c og n i s e s t h e e n j oy ab l e ob j ec t s of any of the
t h r e e c on di ti on s is n ot tr an s ferre d by t h e m fr om o n e s t at e to
an ot h e r ; t h ey c o n ti n u e w h ere t h ey are b ut h e p ass e s o v er t o
an ot h e r s t ate w i t h o ut t ak i n g h ol d of v i rtu e an d si n
an d th e i r

re sul t s h ap p i n e ss an d m i s ery
21
r
ah m a w h i c h is ever l as t i n g i n tel l i e n ce an d b l i s s
B
g
3
d i s c o ver s al l ob j ect s in th e t h ree c on d i t i on s o f
an d w i t n e s s
t i me wak i ng d re am i n g an d d re am l e s s s l u m b er ; an d T h at am

I
I am n e i the r i n te l l ec t n or reec t i on of i ntel l i g e n c e n or

H e wh o h as c o me t o i de n t i fy sel f in
an y th i ng el s e b e s i de s
th i s m ann er is free d fr om t h e !u su al m i st ak e of c on f ou n di ng
h im wi th an ag e n t an d i n stru m e n t
Sel f is o n e in al l t he t h re e c on di ti on s and wi th d i s
214
c ri m i n ati on on e wh o h as c om e t o re al i z e h im as di s ti n ct
is n o m ore su bj ec te d to b i rth and
an d s ep ar ate fr om th e m
de ath
W h ate ve r e nj oy ab l e th i ng s are t o b e f ou nd in th os e
21 5
co n di ti o n s an d w h atever e n j oy m e n t s m ay p r ocee d fr om t h e m
E

t o t h ei r e nj oy e rs sel f is o ve r an d ab ove th at is t o s ay
qui te
di s ti n ct fr om th e m h e is i n tel l i g e n ce an d su p re me fel i c ity an d
T h at am I
Who th e n is th e e n j oyer ?
2 16
Fr om wh at h as bee n s ai d in r e g ar d t o th e d i scr i mi nat i on
i t woul d appe ar th at th e l i te r al s i g n i c ati on of t h e
of s el f

wo r d
c og n i t i on al referr i ng as i t doe s t o th e r e ex inte l l i
a
n g e is th e e n j o e r
e
ce
f
r
i
t
be
i
s
ub
j
ec
t
t
o
c
h
s
n
o
n
g
g
y
"
217
Th i s reex i ntel l i g e n c e is i l lu sory or mater i al
A n d ag ai n st

'

V i s w a,
a re

ross

a i as

u b tl e

an

an d

P ra j n a

d fe l i c i t y

a re th e

e n oy e s .

j y me n t :

n o

P A N C H AD AS I

1 93

x pe r i e nce c on r m s i t t oo B ec au s e t h e o bj ect i v e
w or l d is m ate ri al an d r e ex i n te l l i g e n ce ( f z va) i s i n c lu de d
L i ke t h i n g s p r oduce d in a m ag ical p e rf or m an ce b o t h
in i t
are u n re al
2 18
I n tr an ce an d p r of ou n d s l u m b e r t h e re e x in te l l i
g e n ce i s de s tr oy e d a n d t h at i s ex p e r i e n c e d b y t h e \V i tn e ss in g
I f i t b e as k e d W h at b e n e t c an t h e
U n i f or m I n tel l i g e n ce
e xp er i e n c e o f its de s t ru c ti o n b r i n g f or t h ? I t is t h e ref o re s ai d
a per s on is l e d o v e r a n d o v e r t o c o n s ni e r w h at h i s s el f r e al ly i s
I n o th er wo r d s t h e r e m n an t of c on s c i o u s n e s s ab i d i n g i n p ro
f ou n d s l u m be r ex pe r i e n ce d by a p er s on o n r i s i n g
I wa s

t h e n p r ove s s el f t o b e
s l eep i n g s ou n dly an d k n e w n o t h i n g
I n tel l i g e n ce u n c h an g e ab l e an d
n o o t h e r t h an t h e U n i f o r m
i n de s truct i b l e : b ut t h i s reecte d s h adow is s ub j ec t t o c h an g e

f
i
n
n
o
s
a
l
i
b
l
e
e
tr
ucti
o
r
i
t
u
re
l
b ec au s e m ater i al
o
d
n
a
t
s
a d
as cert a i n e d t h e u n re al ity o f t h e
2 1
T
h
u
s the n
h
a
v
i
n
g
9
e nj oy er [ re ex i n tel l i g e n ce ] 3 pe r s on n o m ore de s i re s for any
e n j oy m e n t s ; j u s t as a p er son on h is de ath b e d n eve r de s i r es
to m arry
220
A n d as p r i o r t o k n owl e dg e h e w as acc u st o me d to

b ut l i k e a p er s on w i t h a s pl i t n os e h e
I am t h e e n j oyer
s ay
E ve n n o w m y fructe s ce n t work s
i s n o w as h am e d an d s ay s

T h u s h e s u ffer s t h e m to h ave t he i r c our s e

a re b e ar i n g fru i t
w i t h p at i e n ce
221
W h e n t h eref o re t h e re ex i n tel l i g e n c e [J i v a] is
as h am e d t o b e rec k o n e d as an e n j oy e r h e attr i b ute s i t t o t h e
T h eref ore i t is futi l e
w i t n e ss i ng i n te l l i g n ce ab i d i n g in h im
t o as k w h o i s t h e e n j o y e r ?
T h u sth en i t w oul d ap pe ar fr om th e p recee d i n g ver se s
2 22
h as it s p urp os e i n
t h at t h e S m / z te x t fo r w h at de s i re
i n ter d i cti n g t h e b el i ef kaf an e n j oye r B ot h t h e U n i f o r m an d
R e ex I n t e l l i g e n ce s are truly n o e n j oyer s ; i g n or an c e attr i b ute s
e n j oy m e n t to t h e m s o t h at w h e n g n o s i s h as ar i s e n a per s on
h e n ce i t is sai d
h as n o m ore de s i i e of e n j oy me n t l e ft i n h im
s i res woul d att ach a pe r s o n
w
e
d
e
a
b
qu
t
k
l
e
h
n
o
w
t
d
n
o
t
e
s
e
g
su
E

'

'

P A NC H A D A S I

:9 2

e nce of th e i ndi vi du al ; for n o di sc rep anc y can e ff e c t its

i l lu m i n ati on S i n c e the ref ore t h e reecte d sh adow
n atu r al
of i n tel l i g e n ce is de v o i d o f di s e as e i t s c ou n te rp art th e Wi t n e s s
fre e fr o m i t A n d w h at ev e r d i s e as e
o r U n i f o r m is l i ke wi s e
is experi e n ce d by t h e i n di vi du al an d s ai d t o aff ect h i m is an
i l l u s i on c re ate d by i g n or an ce [ for th at b el ong s t o t h e b o dy
a n d n ot t o i n tel l i g e n c e ]
2 31
T i re tru t h o f t h e w i t ne ss i n g i n tel l i g e n c e is an i l l u s i on
c re ate d by i g n or an ce Fr om i l l u so ry attr i buti o n t h e t h ree
b odi e s p h y s i c al s ub tl e an d c au s e are re g ar de d as se m
b l an ce o f t h e r e ex i n tel l i g e n ce an d re al
2 32
D uri n g t h at i l lu s i on a p er s on aff ecte d wi th d i s e ase s

o f t h o s e b odi e s e xcl ai m s
I am u n wel l
I am s u ff e r i n g f r om

fe ver etc I n p o i n t o f truth th i s ex per i e n ce is u n re al : j u s t

as i ll u s i on attri bute s b on dag e t o th e I n tel l i g e n c e wh i c h is fre e
an d n ot s ubj ect t o b i rt h an d de ath
2 33
A s in th e c as e o f i l l ne ss aff ec ti n g a wi fe or ch i l d
a per s o n is aff e cte d w i th p ai n ful th ou g h t s an d c on s i der s h i m
s el f t o b e s o aff ecte d ; so ou t o f i g n or an ce
d i s e as e s of t h e
t h ree b o di e s are at tr i b ute d t o s el f e x per i e n c e d i n t h at con

n e c t io n an d e x pre s s e d i n th i s m an n er :
I am i l l
2 34
B u t s ub s eque n t t o k n owl e dg e w h e n th e n atur e of
s el f ha s b ee n as cert ai n e d al l d i vi s i o n s are at an e n d an d h e
Wi t n e s s i n g I n tel l i g e n ce w i th th ose
n o l o n g e r c o n n e ct s t h e
d i s e ase s s o t h at by d i s c ri m i n ati n g t h e re al n atu re of s el f h e
c e as e s t o ex p re s s an y re g ret fo r w h ateve r h ap pe n s t o h is b ody
F o r e x am pl e
A s i n t h e i l l u s i on o f s n ak e in a r o p e
2 35
th e s i g h t o f th at f al s e s n ak e m ake s a p er son ru n away fr om i t
t h at f al s e s n ak e is
an d w h e n w i th th e di s c o ve ry of th e r ope
de st r oye d h e is as h am e d at h is c ow ar di ce ; s i m i l arly s u b s e
q ue n t t o k n owl e dg e of s el f his p revi ou s c on cept i o n ab ou t h is
b e i n g a s ubj ect of d i se ase is de str oy e d an d h e is ash ame d
at h is i g n or an ce
2 36
J u st as a p er son ask s f or g i v e ne ss o f an oth er w h o has
b e e n o ffe n de d by his f al se c al u mn y for p ac i fy in g h im so in
g

PA N C i i A D A Si

19

mi st aken at tri b uti on o f b i rth an d de ath t o S el f a pe r s on is

t o p ac i fy by t ak i n g p r otect i o n o f t h e W i t n e ss i n g I n tel l i g e n ce
Ju s t as for r epe ate d de structi o n o f s in p e n an ce s
2 37
a re perf or me d o ve r an d o ve r s o for th e de s tructi o n o f i l l u s o ry
is al way s t o m e d i t ate on S el f as
an i n di vi du al
attri but i on
t h e U n i f or m Wi t n es s i ng I n tel l ig e n c e
2 8
w
A
s
m
a
n w i t h c an ce r of th e u ter u s feel s as h ame d
a
o
3
w h e n i n th e act of be i n g co h ab i te d s o a t h eOS O p h iS t is
as h am e d at t h e m i s t ake n n oti on s wh ic h h e e n tert ai n e d
p r i or
t o g n os i s of se l f
23
A s a B r ah man acc i de n t al l y c o m i n g in c on t act w i t h
9
an u n cl e an per s o n
ha s r ec ou r s e t o us u al pe nan c e an d n ev e r
after war ds f o u n d as s oc i at i n g w i t h h i m
s o a t h e osop h i s t s u b
s eque n t t o k n owle dg e c e as e s t o h ave a c on c e ip t for h is th ree

b odie s and c on n ect s t h e m n ot w it h s el f : A s I

etc
2 40
A s a p ri n ce re g e n t g o ver n i n g th e k i n g do m of h is
f ath er is be n t after t h e h ap p in e ss of h is s ubj e ct s w i th t h e v i e w
duly i ns t al l e d ; so w i th t h e v i e w of b e i n g o n e w i t h
of b ei n g
B r ah m a a t he osop h i s t m e d i t ate s on t h e W i t n e ss i ng I n te ll i
g e n ce an d its re s e mb l an c e w i th s e l f

24 r
A k now er of B rah ma is h i msel f a B r ah ma
H ere
is S r u l z e vide n c e h av i n g for its p ur po r t de s tru c t i on of m i s ery
an d d i s re g ar d fo r wh at a th e os o p h i s t u se d t o p r ac ti ce p r i or
I n othe r wo r ds h e s h o ul d c on ce n tr ate h is
t o k n owl e dg e
de s i re to k n ow Brah ma an d l e ave off ev ery th i n g el s e
242
A s a per s on w i th t h e de s i re of ac qu i r i n g t h e c on di ti on
of D ev a s eek s s el f d e s tru c t i o n in re or by f al l i n g fr om t h e
S u mm i t o f a m ou n t ai n or s ub m er g i n g in t he G an g e s o r at th e
C o n u e n ce of t h e th ree s acre d r i ver s at A l l ah ab ad ; s o for th e
r e sul t s ab i di n g in t h e d i s c o ve ry o f th e W i t n e s s i n g I n tel l i g e n c e
b ei n g n o ot h er th an s el f a th e osop h i s t s eek s t h e de s tructi on
o f t h e re e x i n tel l i e n c e J i v a t he m ore s o as h is i n cl i n at i on
)
g
(
fo r k n owl e dg e of B r ah ma m ay b e i n te n s i e d
24
3 B u t in th e ab ove i n st an ce s o l on g as th e b ody l as t s
h e conti n u es to b e a man ; an d wi th it s destru c t i on ( wh e n i t is
the

'

eA N C

19 4

AD As i

re du ce d i nt o ash e s) h e bec om e s a D ev a ; so ti l l th e con su rri

m ati on of fructe s ce n t w o r k s p r ac ti c al ly a p e r s on c an n o t do
a w ay w i t h t h e re e x i n tel l i g e n c e b ut c o n t i n ue s a s J i v a
[to b e
o n e w i t h B r ah m a aft e r t h e s e p a r at i o n o f t h e p re s e n t b o d v
]
2 44
A s t h e s g h t o f s n ak e i n a r ope at o n c e s tr i k e s a
p er s on w i t h fri g h t w h i c h doe s n ot g o away i m m e d i ate l y w i t h
t h e d i s c o very of h is m i s t ak e b u t s ub s i de s g r adu al ly an d as
a re peti ti o n o f t h e s n ake i l l u s i on is a pt t o recu r w h e n h e
c om e s acr o ss a b i t o f s tr i n g i n t h e dark s tre tch i n g in
h is p at h
2 4 5 2 46
S o w i th th e r i s i n g o f k n ow l e dg e hi s fructe s ce n t
do n o t ab ru ptly c o me t o an e n d b ut are g r a du al l y exh au ste d
w i t h c on s u m m at i o n o f t h e i r re s ul t s
an d dur i n g a s ub s eque n t
p eri od o f e n j o r m e n t h e is ap t t o c o n ce i ve I am a m an

t h e p er son
A s i n t h e i n s t an c e o f t h e te n t h p e r s on
247
c ou n ti n g th e re s t f o r g etti n g t o c o u n t h i m s el f i n v ar i ab ly C om e s
t o s t o p at n u m b e r n i n e a n d t h e p ar ty t h i n k i n g t h e i r te n t h
t o h ave m e t w i t h a wa tery g r ave w h i l e i n t h e act o f c r os s i n g
t h e r i ve r g i ve ve n t t o t h e i r g r i ef an d s tr i k e t h e i r f o re h e ad
t i l l p o i n te d o u t by an ot h er w h e n d i s c o ve r i n g t h e i r m i s t ak e
t h e i r g r i ef is rep l ac e d by h a pp i n e s s b ut t h at p ai n in t h e f o r e
h e ad t ak e s a l i ttl e t i m e t o s ub s i de an d n ot at on ce
2 48
S o a t h e o s o p h i s t e ve n after att a i n i n g t o t h e c on d i
t i on o f o n e del i vere d in l i fe has ye t t o e x h ari st h is fru ct e s
ce n t an d e n j oy o r s u ffer acc o r d i n g t o t h e i r m eri t or de m eri t ;
an d t h ey c an n ot ab ruptl y c o m e t o a c l o se ; an d h is e m an c i p a
t i on de s tr oy s t h e m i s er i e s o f t h e fruc te s ce n t
N ow t h i s c o n di ti o n o f del i vere d i n l i fe i s n ot an
2 49

i
n
f
s
r
m
n
r
n
a
i
rel g i ou c e e o v o a y p rt c ul ar p r ac t i c e
ob s er v a ce o
b ut a m ere re s t i n g o n t h e I m p arti te B r ah ma s o t h at i f fr om a
p r e p on der an ce of t h e fructe s ce n t t h ere f o l l o ws an y i l lu s i on
t o c au s e m e n t al d i s tr act i o n i t s h oul d b e g u i de d by repe ate d
d i sc ri m i n ati on of s el f j u s t as on e h av i n g t ake n m erc ury or
'

4*

L ike

t he

Li s t i n g

b s erve d

in

th e

ri th

p h ase

of

m oon

1 96

P ANC i i AD A S t

h im,

th at th ey sh oul d b e don e b ut sub seque n t to k nowl e dg e

in th e ab se n ce of a de s i re for e n j oy i n g an y r e s u l t s rel ati n g t o
e arth l i fe an d for an ex pe r i e n c e of th e fel i c i ty of B r ah m a
al l t h at h e h ad don e c e as e t o p r o duce any m or e fru i t s t o a
the os oph i s t : th ey are de ad an d ab ort i ve so t o S p e ak an d as
h e h as n oth i n g p r o pe r fo r h i m t o d o h e i s th e ref o re s ai d t o
b e s ucce s s fu l in h av i n g don e w h at was p r ope r [Ju s t as a
c and i date for ex am i n ati on is s ai d to b e s ucce ss ful wh e n h e h as
an swer e d th e que s t i on s s e t an d s ati s e d h is ex am i n er s
s o th at
n oth i n g
re mai n s for h i m t o do so far as th e ex am i n ati on is
c on ce r n e d ; so a th e OS Op h ist is s ai d to b e s ucce ss ful wh e n h e
h as a v i s i b l e c og n i t i on of B r ah m a an d h e h as n ot h i n g p r op e r
for h im t o do or b e e n g ag e d in
B ec au s e th e u su al m e an s
de v ot i on al e xerc i s e s et c h ave b r ou g h t f orth th e i r re s ul t s in
p av i n g t h e way t o k n ow l e dg e wh i c h h as p r oduce d e m an c i p a
t i on in tur n and th at is th e g oal ]
2 54
I n th i s m an n e r h av i n g don e wh at was p r e per for h im
to do an d n di n g n oth i n g l eft th at was p r o pe r t o b e don e h e
re c ol l e c t s i t an d i s s up re m e ly s at i s e d ( wi th h is s ucce ss )
2 55
M i s e r ab l e p er s on s s te e pe d in i g no r an c e oi S e l b k n ow
l e dg e are ab s orb e d in th e i r de s i re for a wi fe c h i l dre n an d m ate
r ial p r os per i ty l et th e m c on ti n u e s o [ Bu t as] I am ful l of

s up re me b l i ss
wh at d e s i re can I p os s i bly h av e to c on ti n u e
att ac h e d to e arth l i fe ?
Le t th e m wh o de s i re th e b l i ss ful ab ode of h e ave n
"
p r ac t i se sac r i c i al offe r i n g s b ut I am a k n o we r of sel f wh at
o cc as i on h ave I for p r acti s i n g any mor e ac ti o n
2 57
L e t th os e wh o are q u al i e d fo r s tu dy i ng th e S asfras
re ad t he m or l et t h e m s tu dy th e Vedas : my k n owl e dg e of s e l f

is r i p e h e nc e I am ac t i on le s s and n ot Q u al i ed for an t h i n
g
y
e l se
2 58
R e al ly I do no t s l eep n or g o ou t for be g g i ng n e i the r
do I b ath e n or c onfor m t o any p rev i ou s h ab i t s and i f an
y
o n e we re t o attr i b ute t he m to me t hat c annot c au se an
h
r
m
a
y
t o my se l f
,

'

'

P A N C H A D AS I

As

2 59

h e ap

of

19 7

A r u s p recal or z u : app e ar s fr om di st an c e
of t h at a p p e ar an c e i t h as n o b ur n i n
g

b e re an d in sp ite
p r op erty s o th e attr i b u ti on of ot h ers ab out my be i ng a worl dly
m an w i l l n ot m ak e m y s el f so
2 60
L e t an e n q u i rer of s el f k n owl e dg e w ho has n ot su c
c e e de d in th e c og n i ti on of h is o n e n e s s wi th th e I m p arti te
B r ah m a c on t i n ue t o b e e n g ag e d i n t he u su al me an s for its

a cqu i s i ti o n ;
I am a k n ower of th e S up re m e B r ah m a
the re
fo re h a ve n o m ore a n ec e s s it y for t he m
L e t t h e m th at are
affec te d w i th do ub t s p r ac ti s e
c on s i de r ati on
I am free fr om
doub t
an d h ave th eref o re n o oc c as i on for i t
2 61
L e t h im w ho has an t ag on i st i c i d e as c on cer n i n g th e

S up re m e B r ah m a h ave re c o ur s e t o c ont e m pl at i on bu t I am
f re e fr om c on i ct i n g i de as
Wh y t hen am I to u n der t ake its
to

p rac c e s ?
2 62

c on i ct i n g i de as fro m a fo rce of
an d a s a re s ul t of fru cte s ce nt work s,
a th e o

to e x l ai rn
I am a man
[ Th at is n ot

ve n
h ab i t

rmed
S oph i s t is
B r ah m a ]

c on

in

p i te

of

ap t

th
e
exh
au st i on of th e fructe s ce n t by e n j oy
3
in g t h e i r re sul t s t he ab ov e p r acti ce ce as e s : ot h er w i s e a th ou
are q u i te p owe r l e s s t o
s an d c on te m pl ati on s o ve r an d o v er
de s tr oy i t s o l on g as th e fru cte s ce n t c on ti n u e
I am
2 64
I f t h e p r ac ti c al u s e of t h e ab ove exp re s s i on

appe ar s c on i cti n g t o k n ow l e dg e an d for s ee k i n g it s

a m an
d es truct i on y ou th i n k i t de s i r ab l e t o b e e n g ag e d in c on te m p l a
t i on th at m ay b e n ece ss ary for y ou ; b u t s ee i n g t h at p r ac ti c e

t o c on te m p l ate ?
t o b e O p p o s e d t o k n owl e dg e w h y a m I
F or I am free f r o m m e n t al d i s tr act i on a n d th ere
2 65
f ore t h er e is n o occ as i on for m e t o h ave rec our s e t o p r of ou n d
B oth d i str ac ti on an d p r of ou n d m e di t at i on are t h e
m e di t ati on
attr i b ute s o f an u n re str ai n e d an d c h an g e ab l e [ ckl e ] m i n d
I am n ot an ag e n t n e i t h e r a b e g g ar n or a s tu de n t
2 66
o r de v o
o f th e s acr e d s cri p ture s ; I am n o do e r o f sac r i ce
t ion al exer c i se fr om th e f or c e of th e f ru c te s c e n t ; n o p r act i c e
26

B u t wi t h

1 98

P ANC H AD AS I

e i th er p opul ar
i n j ury

or

r el i g i ou s

or

an

y th i ng el se

c an

c au se me

2 67

O r,

if

fter h av i n g don e al l th at was p r ope r t o b e

p op ul ar f av o r I f o l l o w th e
d on e for t he s ake o f s e cu rin
p r acti c e e nj o i n e d in t h e S lz arl ras e ve n th at doe s n ot c au se
m e an y h ar m
2 68
W h eth e r my b ody is e n g ag e d in de v ot i on an d wor
an d c l e an l i n e ss or b e
sh i p b ath i n g
g g i n g for f oo d an d m y
w o r ds in re c an t i n g th e m y s t i c
or h e ar i n g th e Up a
.

or
0

n ix /l a ds

2 69

Wh eth e r m y i n tel l ect b e e n g ag e d in c on te m p l ati n g

V i s h n u or ab so rb e d in th e fe l i c i ty o f B r ah m a
I am t h e eter

n al pu re Wi t n e s s i n g I n tel l i g e n ce
an d h av e n e i th er any i n c l i
n at i o n for work s n or c re ate i t in an y
.

th i s d i ffere n c e b et wee n a t h e osop h i s t an d doe r

o f wo rk s th ere i s h ar dly an y g r ou n d o f c on te n t i o n o r d i s pute
b et wee n th e m j u s t as t wo s e as s i tu ate d ap art c an n o t m ix
th e i r water s or f or m a j u n ct i on
2 70

F or

27 1

B ec au s e

d oe r

of

wo rk s

wor s h i p h as for h is

an d

p ur su i t b o dy S peec h an d i n tel l ec t w h i c h a t h e O S O p h ist h as

n ot ( h is is th e W i t n e ss i n g
I n tel l i g e n ce ) T h u s fo r a d i ffer
e n ce o f s ub j ect s t h e re is n o c om mon g r o u n d o f c on te n ti o n
[ I n ot h e r wor ds n ot s el f an d s el f are s i tu ate d qu i te ap ar t fr om
o n e an oth er
n ot s el f
is t h e s ubj ec t o f a doe r o f work s an d
s el f t h at o f a th e o s op h i s t
h e n ce for a d i ffe re n c e o f p ur s u i t
o f n ot S el f b y t h e f o r m e r an d s el f by t h e l atte r th ere is n o
ap p re h e n s i on o f an y qu arre l b et wee n t h e m ]
,

S p i te of t h i s di ffere n c e i f t h ey wo ul d q u ar rel
fr om an i g n or an ce of e ac h o th er th at can o n ly c re ate m i rt h t o
a p e r s on of i n tel l ec t
j u s t as t o de af pe rs on s qu arre l l i n g
fr o m an in cap ac rty of h e ari n g wh at o n e s ay s t o th e ot h e r
e x c rte s l au hte r
g
27 2

In

th e

73

A doe r

\Vi t n e ss m g

of wo rk s

I n tel l i g e n c e

an d

wor s h i p h as

c og n i t i on of
b ut a th e oso p h i s t k no ws i t to b e
no

P A N C H A D AS I

2 00

b ody yet su ch ap pe ar an c e i s n ot i nj ur i ou s to h im on th e
o th e r h an d i t p r o cl ai m s h is g l ory
2 82
H e wh o doe s n ot al i e n ate h i msel f fr om th i s al l p owe r
fu l k n owl e dg e in an y way h as n o th i n g to fe ar e i th er fr om
i ncl i n at i on or it s re ve r s e t h ey c au s e h im n o i n j ury
I t is al way s p r op e r for t h e i g n or an t t o b e e ng ag e d
2 83
in work s an d wo r s h i p for t h ey h el p t h e att ai n m e n t of
h e av e n or by re n de r i n g t h e i n te r n al o r g an f aul tl e ss p ave th e
way t o th e ac qu i s i ti on of k n owie dg e wh ereby t o b e e m ane i
p ate d
2 84
Wh e n a th e os oph i s t l i ve s in th e c om p an y o f s u ch an
ig n o r an t p er s on n o h ar m c an b ef al l h im i f h e b e e n g ag e d in
s i m i l ar work s at h is i n terce s s i on
B u t in th e c om p an y of th e wi s e h e s h ou l d d i sc ar d
2 85
de
al l work s , i n c re as e h is s t ock of k n ow l e dg e b y attr i b ut i ng
fe cts t o th e m
2 86
A n d for a th e os op h i s t t o b e e n g ag e d i n work s in th e
c om p any of t h e i g nor an t in th e m ann e r af ore sai d i m p l i e s n o
f aul t
Ju s t as a f ath e r w h e n th r own t o th e g r ou n d by h is
2 87
c h i l d or s c o l de d an d m ade b ad u se o f feel s n e i th er p ai n n or is
an g ry w i t h h im b u t c are s s e s al l th e S am e ;
S o a th e os op h i s t e i t h e r c al u m in at e d o r p r ai se d b y th e
2 88
i g n or an t r etur n s i t n ot b ut tr i e s t o c re ate k n ow l e dg e in th e m
A n d t h u s h e u se s th e m
N o w th e r e s ul t o f th i s p r ac ti c e of a th e osop h i s t
2 89
T h at w h i c h h el p s th e
amon g th e i g n or an t is b e i n g dec l are d
c og n i t i on of s el f in th e i g n or an t a th e osop h i s t sh oul d do ; h e
h as n oth i n g e l s e pr o pe r for h im
A n d s ati s fi e d w i th t h e ac c om pl i s h m e n t of wh at was
2 90
p r op e r for h im t o do h e m e n t al ly r efl e ct s in th e f ol l owi ng
man n e r
29 r
I h av e a t an g i bl e p ercept i on of th e e ter n al Sel f th ere
f ore I am b l e s s e d Th e su p re m e fel i c i ty of B r ah ma is p l ai n ly
mani fe ste d to m e t h eref ore I am b l e sse d
d e ad

P A N C H AD A S L

20 1

T he m i ser i e s of e arth l i fe t ou c h me n ot th ere f ore I

T h e dark n e ss of i g n or an c e h as l e ft me th ere f or e
am b l e s se d
I am b l e s s e d
I
h
ave n o th i n g p r op er l eft t o b e don e t h e r ef or e I am
29
3
b l e ss e d M y de s i re s h ave al l b ee n n ow acc om p l i s h ed h en c e I
am b l e s s e d
er
i
ly
I
am b l e ss e d I am b l e s s e d m y s at i s f act i on is
V
4
9
u n r i v al l e d ; I am b l e ss e d an d b l e s s e d an d b l e s sed and t wi c e
m or e b l e s s e d

I am s up re m e g ood
M y m e ri t is p r oduc i n g fru i t
2 95
I am won de r
m y m eri t is extre mely won derful an d for th at

fu l t oo
H o w very wo n derful are t h e S acred Wr it ing s G ur u
2 96
an d k n o wl e dg e ; an d h ow i n c o m p ar ab l y exqu i s i te is t h e fe l i
c i ty wh i c h I am n ow m as te r of
297
N ow th e re s ul t of s tu dy i n g t h i s tre at i s e is se t f orth
H e who stu di e s i t al way s is i mm er s e d in t he fel i c i ty of Brah ma
an d exp e r i e n c e s sup re me fel i c i ty al way s
29 2

Wi t

S E C TI ON
t h e D is cove ry

t lz e U n zf a r m
'

I n t e r/g e m :

\VI T H OU T c l e ari n g th e s i g n i fi c ati on of T h at an d T h o u of t he

t r an s ce n de n t al p h r as e T h at art T h ou
th e re c an b e n o k n o w
l e dg e o f on e n e ss o f i n d i v i du al s el f an d th e P arab rah m a as a
m e an s o f e m an c i pat i on th ere f o re i n th e p re se n t tr e ati s e th e

l i ter al an d i n di c ate d s i g n i fi c at i on o f T h o u is to b e r s t as ce r
t ain e d
J u s t as th e o r di n ary l i g h t o f s u n di sc o v e r s a w al l an d
o th e r o bj ec t s b ut by c o n ce n tr ati n g t h at l i g h t o n a g l ass an d
reecti n g i t o n t h e m th ey are e m bl az on e d an d str i k i n g l y i l l u
m in ate d s o is t h e U n i for m I n tel l i g e n c e v i v i fy i n g o r i l l u m i n at
ing ou r b od i e s i n te n sely m an i fe s te d by th e i n d i v i du al I n t e ll i
an d
g e n c e ce n t re d in t h e I n tel l ect or S p i r i tu al S oul
g ai n s doubl y in b r i l l i an cy
2
A S i n th e s u n s l i g h t reecte d throu g h a l e n s on a wal l
h e re an d th e r e a s tr ay ray o f l i g h t ret a i n s it s or di n ary l u m i n o
s ity and ab s e n c e o f th at j u n c t i on of th e l e n s wi th
su n l i g h t
m ake s n o di ffere n ce in i t :
S o th e fu n ct i on of in tel l ect e n dowe d wi th th e re fl ecte d
3
s h adow o f I n tel l i g e n c e h el p i n
g th e c og n i ti on of ex t er n al ob
j e ct s by f o r m i n g a j u n ct i on wi th the m [ in wak i ng ] or its w an t
[ in p r of ou nd s l u mb er ] is d i s c o ve re d by th e U n i for m I nt e l l i
Kn ow i t t o b e d i s t i n c t fr om th e ree x i nt e l l i g e n c e wi t h
g e nc e
th e fu nc t i on of i n tel l ec t
T h at re fl ect i on of i n tel l i g e n c e se ate d in i n tel l ect a s
4
s u m e s th e s h ap e o f an exte r nal o bj ec t w h i c h it s eek s t o c og

n i s e an d di sc o ver s i t so :
Bu t k n owl e dg e
T h i s is a j ar
o f its p r op ert i e s et c
is b r ou g h t ab out by the Un i f or m I n te l l i

I k now a j ar
g e nce as
P r i o r t o th e m odi c ati on of i ntel l ect i n t h e s h ap e of a
5
"
j a r I k now not a j ar ar i se s fr om th e B r ah mai c I n t e l l i g e nc e

P ANC H A D AS L

2 04

fu n cti on ( I ntel l ect ) wi th ree x i n tel l i g e n c e as s u m i n g th e modi

fi cat ion o f an obj ec t w h i c h th ey p re v ade are t h e so u rc e O f it s
an d t h at k n o w l e dg e is n o t t o b e e x p ecte d as c ap a
C o g n i ti o n ;
b l e O f b e i n g b r ou g h t ab out by t h e U n i f o r m I n te l l i g e n c e s i n c e
i t was e xi s ti n g p r i o r to its b e i n g k n own [ or d i s c ove re d b y t h e
i n tel l ec t w i th re e x i n te l l i g e n c e ]
I I
T h i s vi e w is n ot O pp o s e d to w h at SURE SW AR A C H AR Y A
( B arl z ka m ) h ol ds as m ai n t ai n e d by t h e s u p p o rte r s of t h e dis
c ri m i n ati ng v i e w o f i n tel l i g e n c e k n o w n by t h e n am e o f A va

is c au s e d
r lz eaa v aa z C o g n i t i o n o f e xte r n al O b j ect s a j ar etc
by i ntel l i g e n c e t h eref o r e t h e c au s e of t h at k n ow l e dg e is in te l l i
g e n ce for w h i c h t h e re s ul t is t h e s ub j ec t t o be k n o wn or de
an d t h i s i n tel l i g e n c e i s t h e s ub j ect t h at is to b e
m on s t rat e d
k nown fr om V e dan ti c utte r an ce s wh i c h are it s p r oo f s
12
T h ere f ore SU RE SWAR wan t s t o e s t ab l i s h th e reex in
w h i ch re s e mb le s t h e U n i f or m or B r a h m a t o b e a
t e ll ig e n c e
r e s ul t of pr oo f an d n ot t h e l atter ; for in t h e Up aa erk a S al m
s lz r z o f S A N K A R A C H A RY A ( h is p rece p t or ) occu r s t h e d is t i n cti on
b et wee n t h e t wo i n tel l i g e n ce s
13
S i n c e t h e n t h e d i s ti n c t i on b et wee n t h e U n i f or m an d
R eex I n tel l i g e n ce s is an adm i tte d f act m e n t al fu n cti o n ar i s i n g
i n th e s h ap e of R eex I n tel l i g e n ce p e rv ad i n g a j ar is th e c au s e
of i ts c o g n i t i o n an d t h e re s ul ti n g k n o w l e dg e l ik e i g n or an c e i s
t for bei n g d i s c o vere d by t h e U n i f or m I n te l l i g e n c e I n o t h e r
wor ds c og n i ti o n o r k n ow l e dg e is d i s c o ve re d by B r ah m a [ U n i
f o r m I n te l l i g e n ce ] l i ke an u n k n ow n j ar i n as m uc h as th e m o di
c at ion O f i n tel l ec t reecti on o f i n tel l i g e n c e an d e xter n al ob
j e e rs j ar etc al l are d i sc o ve re d by B r ah m a w h i l e for its b e i ng
a s i ng l e s ub j ec t a j ar is di s c ove re d b y t h e reex
T h u s t h e n me n t al fu n ct i on i s su i n g th r ou g h t h e se n
14
sory o r g an s reex i n tel l i g e n ce an d j ar al l t h ree are m an ife s
t e d by t h e B r ah m ai c o r U n i f o r m I n tel l i g e n c e an d for t h e ree x
b e i n g s e ate d in th e j ar on ly in t h e f or m O f re s ul t w h i c h i t per
v ade s fe r c og n i z i ng i t th at j ar is d i s c ov e re d by the ree x
i n tel l i g e nc e

'

'

'

P A N C H AD A S I

20 5

o re th e k n owl e dg e of a k n own ar is di s c ove re d

Th
eref
5
j
b y b oth th e Re ex a n d U n i f or m I n te l l i g e n ce s an d t h i s is cal
le d by a N aiy ay ik a ( A n u by a bray a) k n owl e dg e of k n owl e dg e
Fr om t h e reex in t e l l ig e n c e ip roc e e ds p arti c u l ar k no w
16
l e dg e as T h i s is a j ar wh i l e t h e U n i f o r m c re ate s an or di n ary

as a
k n own j ar
acqu ai n t an ce w i t h i t
J u s t as in t h e c og n i ti on of exter n al ob j ect s b oth t he
1 7
R eex an d U n i f o r m I n tel l i g e n ce s are ascert ai ne d s o are they
to b e c on s i dere d in re fere n ce t o th e p h y s i c al b o dy
B u t i t m ay b e al l e g e d in refere n ce to exter nal O b j ec t s
18
th e m e n t a l fu n ct i on per v ade s th e m an d as i n s i de th e b ody
th ere is n o s ub j ec t to be perv ade d by th e m odi c at i on of i n tel
l ect c on s e q ue n tl y t h ere is n o n ece s s i ty for adm i tti n g re ex
i n tel l i g e n ce T h eref o re i t is s ai d E g o i s m i s p re se n t an d t h e
p er v as i on of reex i n tel l i g e n ce is re q ui re d t o d i s c over i t J u s t
a s i n a b a l l of re d h o t i r on re perv ade s i t an d i s p re s e n t i n t i
m ately c om b i n e d w i t h t h e i r on so doe s re ex i n tell i g e n ce p er
v ade E g oi s m p ass i on s an d de s i re s b y m i x i n g w i th t h e m
A n d as t h at b al l o f i r on m an i fe s t s i t s el f an d is in c ap
19
ab l e of di s c o ver i n g an y ot h er O bj ect so d o th e m od i c at i o n s of
wi th th e reex i n te l l i g e n ce di s c ove r
E g o i s m p ass i on s etc
t h e m s el ve s
T h e s e af o re s ai d m odi c ati o n s s ep ar ate d by th e i n ter
20
v al s of wak i n g an d d re am i n g are ap t to ari se as t h ey disap
p e ar dur i n g pr of ou n d s l u m ber tr an ce f ai n ti n g an d p r of ou n d
me di t ati on
21
T h at u n ch an g e ab l e I n tel l i g e n ce w h i ch di s c over s th e
j u n cti o n o r u n i o n O f t h os e m o di c at i ons an d t hei r wan t is th e
U n i f o r m B r ah m a i c I n tel l i g e n c e
22
A s in t h e c og n i t i on o f an exter n al O b j ect a j ar th e

reex d i s c o ver s on ly
T h i s is a j ar an d th e k n owl e dg e of
t h at j ar is d i s c o vere d by B r ah m ai c I n tel l i g e n ce w e h ave there
f o re b ot h t h e i n tel l i g e n ce s ; s o in re g ar d t o t h e i n te r n al m od i
c at ion s E g o i s m etc
we h ave a s i m i l ar p l ay Of b oth in te l l i
A n d th at doubl e di sp l ay of i n te l l i g e n ce in j u nct i on
g e n ce s
1

2 06

P AN C H AD A S I

th ose modi c ati ons mak e th e m more s tr ong ly man i fe ste d

t h an exter n al ob j ect s
U n l i k e exter n al obje ct s wh i c h are c ap ab l e of b e i n g
23
i n ter n al O bj e c t s of
as cert ai n e d e i t h er k n own or u n k n own
b ec au s e t h at p ercep t ion c an
m e n t al p ercep t i on are n ot
i t sel f and i g nor an c e is de st r oye d
n ot t ak e h ol d of or c ov e r
by it
I f it be ask e d so far as i n t e l l i g e n c e g oe s b ot h t he
24
reex an d u n i f or m are i de n ti c al w hy th e n i s th e f or m e r c al l e d
c h an g e ab l e an d th e l atter u n i f or m or u n c h an g e ab l e
B ec au se
th eref or e
t h at doub l e i n tel l i g e n c e is l iab l e to b i rth an d de ath
it is J i v a wh i l e th e u n i f or m di st i nc t fr om i t is u n c h an g e ab l e
an d eter n al th e Su pre m e B r ah m a
25
O l der p r o fe ss or s h ave in v ar i ou s pl ace s of thei r
wr i ti n g s m e n t i one d t h e U n i f or m I n tel l i g e n ce as t he wi t n e s s of
m e n t al perce p ti on an d its m odi c ati on s
A s in th e reecti o n of f ac e in a m i rr or al l th e th re e
26
( f ace it s reect ion an d m i rr o r ) are v i s i b ly p ercept i b le s o b y
t he h el p of th e s ac re d wr i ti n g s an d the i r ar g u me n t s are t o b e
k n own Sel f ( U n i f or m I ntel l ig e n ce ) h is reect i on ( ree c te d
s h adow O f I n tel l i g e n ce ) an d its s i te or recept ac l e ( th e in te rn al
U n i f or m I n tel l i g e n c e is
I n th e Up adeslz a S ab as n
o r g an )
It
de s c ri b e d as d i st i n c t fr om th e reex in t h e f ol l ow i n g w i s e

A n d in t h e S m i t
is th e wi t n e s s of t h e m i n d an d i n tel l ec t
L ike th e assoc i ate of th e i n ter n al or g an t h e reex is on ly a

s el f ]
reecte d s h adow [of I n tel l i g e n ce
I f i t b e al l eg e d s i n c e t h e U n i f or m I n tel l i g e nc e is
27
e very wh er e e qu al ly pre se n t l et th at I n te l l i g e n ce s e ate d in t he
i ntel l ec t b e t he s ubj ec t of t r an s mi g r at i on ( l i ke th e ethe r i n a
r)
nd th ere wi l l b e n o n ec e ss i ty for i m ag i n i n g t h e ree x
a
a
j
in tel l i g e n ce t o b e J i v a ?
T h e reply is T h at l i m i t i ng of th e U n i f or m I nte l l i
28
g e n ce woul d n ot n ec e ss ar i ly c on vert i t i n t o a J i v a j u st as th e
u n i f or m p re s e n t in a ar and wal l an d l i m i te d by th e m
or dis
j
C ri mi nate d i n t h at way are n o l ong e r a J i v a
w i th

2 08

P A N C H A D AS I

[ T o b e more e xpl i c i t ] I nas m uc h as th e R eex is as

s oci at e d an d c h an g e ab l e w h i l e th e l i g h t o f U n i f or m i n t e l l i
g e n c e is u n ass oc i ate d an d u n c h an g e ab l e th eref ore th e f or m e r
33

c a ll e d J i v a a n d t h a t i g n ora n ce is n eve r w a n ti ng
i n p r ofo u n d s l u m b e r c o n s e q u e n tl y P raj n a a l s o is n ot w a n ti n g
t h e n M or e o v e r r e e ct i o n of i n t e ll i g e n c e a l on e d oe s n ot co n s t i
tute e i t h e r a J i v a or I s wa r a but i n t e l l i g e n c e a b i di n g in M a y a
M ay a c o n s t i t u t e I s w a ra ; a n d
a n d t h e r e e x i n t e ll i g e n ce w i t h
i n t e ll i g e n ce a bi d i n g in i g n o r a n ce a n d t h e r e e x i n t e ll i g e n ce w i t h
c on s ti tut e J i v a I n t h e a s s oc i a te O f
t h e p a r ti c le of i g n ora n c e
I s w a ra t h ere is pure g ood n e s s for w h i c h h e is O m n i pot e n t o m n i
t h e a s s oci a te of J i v a is c o m p os e d of i m p u re
s c i e n t e t c ; w h il e
Th i s
g ood n e ss h e n c e h e is p a rv i s c i e n t p a r v i p o te n t a n d t h e re s t
is s a i d b y t h e s upp orter s of t h e R e e x T h e ory
T h e a s s oc i a te s o f J i v a a n d I s wa ra a re i d e n ti ca l a cc ord i n g t o
t h e v ie w o f t h e a u t h o r o f Vz ba m n a w h o c o n n e c t s t h e m w i t h I g n o
r a nce I n s u c h a c on s i de r a t i on b ot h I s w a ra a n d J i v a m u s t b e
p a rvi sc i e n t B u t i t is n o t s o ; b ec a u s e i t is t h e n a tu re o f a t h i n g
in w h ic h t h e re is a re e c t i on t o i m p a r t i t s d e f e c t s t o t h e re e c ti on
a n d n ot t o t h e i m a g e : a s fo r i n s t a n c e w h e n a f a c e is re e c t e d i n
a m i rr o r ( it s a s s oc i a te) t h e d e fec t s b e l o n g i n g t o t h e m i rro r w il l p re
H e n ce t h e d e fe c t s
v e n t a f a i t h ful r e p rod u c ti o n o f t h e f a c e i t se l f
t h ou g h p re s e n t in t h e m i rr o r a re n ot c og n i z e d o r r e n de re d v i s i b l e
t ill th e f a c e is r e ecte d in a m i rror for w h i c h i t is s a i d re e c t i o n
d e t e r m i n e s d efect s
S i m il a rl y in t h e r e e c ti on o f t h e J i v a in t h e
m i rr or o f i g n o r a n c e a re p rod u c e d t h e d e f e c t s c a u s e d b y i t s u c h
a s p a rv is c ie n ce e t c
w h i le I s w a r a ( in t h e f o rm o f i m a g e of p u re
I n t l l ig e n ce ) w h o is t h e v i s ag e h a s n on e o f t h e m fo r w h i c h H e
T h i s is t h e c au s e of H is o m n i po t e n ce o m n i s c i e n c e
is o m n i s c i e n t
a n d t h e p a rv ip ot e n ce a u d p a rv is c ie n c e o f a
e tc
b e i ng
N ow
b e t w e e n t h e r e s p e cti ve doc t ri n e s s e t u p b y t h e s e s u p p o rt e rs of
r e e c t i on a n d re e c te d i m a g e t h e d i f e re n ce is t h i s A r e e c t i o n
i s f a l s e b u t a r e e c te d i m a g e is t r u e a n d n ot f l s e
Fo th e
ex p ou n d e rs O f r e e c t e d i m ag e con cl u de a s a n a t u ra l i n fe re n c e t h a t
t h e r e e c t e d i m a g e of t h e f a ce i n a m i rro r is n o t a s h a d o w o f t h a t
f a ce i a s m u c h a s a s h a dow is s i tu a t e d in t h e s a m e s i t e w h e e its
o r i g i n a l is pl a ce d ; but in t h e c ase of a f a ce r e ect e d in a m irror it
e c te d

t h ere i n

is

'

r,

P AN C H AD A S I

20 9

i d t o b e wan ti ng in t h e i n di c ati on s of th e l atter and h e n c e

d i s ti n ct ; b ut its l u m i n os i ty is m an i fe s te d l i k e t h at o f t h e
U n i f or m
A s an e arth e n j ar is n om dre re nt in its c om p os i t i on
34
fr o m e art h s o is re ex i n tel l i g e n c e n on d ilI e re nt fr o m
I n te l lect for an i de n t i ty of th e i r c on d i t i on B u t i t m ay b e
is

sa

l w a y s p l a c e d in f ron t or ex actl y O p p os i te t o t h e o ri g in a l h e n ce
r e e c t e d i m a g e is n ot a s h a dow in a l ook i ng g l a ss B u t for
it
m a k i n g a s u b j e c t O f t h e m i r ro r t h e fu n cti on of t h e i n t e r n a l o rg a n
pr oj e c t e d b y t h e o rg a n of s i g h t m a k e s t h a t m i r ror it s s u b j e c t a t
t h e s a m e ti m e i t c e as e s o r ret e a t s fro m t h a t m i rro r a n d m a k e s
t h e f ac e s itu a t e d on t h e n e c k it s s ub j e c t A s q u i c k p l ay i n g
( B u n i t e ) m a k e s t h e w h e e l of a re b r a n d p e r ce i v e d w h ile a c
s o t h e v e l o c i t y of m e n t a l fu n c t i on for
t u a ll y i t h a s n o w h e e l
m a k i n g a s ub j e ct o f t h e m i r ro r a n d f a c e p od u c e s t h e per c e p ti on
t h e g l as s a s s i tu a te d in i t ; w h i le a ct u all y i t is
of t h a t f a c e i n
pl ace d on t h e r e g i on of t h e n e c k a n d n ot in t h e g l a s s a n d is n ot
a n d b y t h e v e l oc i t y o f t h e m e n t al fu n c t i o n
a s h a dow
t h e k n ow
l e dg e O i a f a ce in a g l a s s is re e ct i on I n t h i s m a n n e r f rom t h e
c o n n e c t i o n of t h e a s s oc i a t e d m i rr o r t h e fa c e p l a c e d o n t h e r e g i on
M ore
of t h e n e c k a pp e a rs b o t h a s a v i s a g e a n d i t s r e e c t i on
O v e r o n d u e r e e c t i on
i t is t o be f ou n d t h e re is n o re e ct i on
S i m i l a rl y b y t h e cl os e c on n e c t i on of t h e a s s oc i a te f or m e d b y
I g n o ra n c e t h e s i t e o f v i s a g e in t h e u n a ss oci a te d I n tell i g e n ce is
k n ow n I s w a r a a n d it s r e e c t i on y i e a
A n d t h ere a re no
'
s e p a ra te c on diti o n s of I s w a r a a n d f z v a
T h e p e rc e p ti o n o f a ff i r m in I n tell ig e n c e fr om I g n or a n ce is
c a ll e d its r e e c t i on in I g n o r a nc e ; s o t h a t b ot h t h e c on s i de ra ti on s
o f v i s a g e a n d it s
r e e c ti on a re u n re a l w h ile a ctua ll y t h e y a re
tru e for t h e s i t e of t h e ir a ctua l it y is t h e f a ce a n d its re e c ti on in
a m irror ; a n d i n t h e s u b ect of t h e illu s t ra t i on I n telli g e n ce
j
t h a t f a c e a n d i n t e ll i g e n ce a re t rue A cco r d i n g t o t h i s v i e w a s a
re e c ti on
and
p r o c e e ds fr o m t h e o r i g i na l i t is c o n s e q u e n t l y t r e
Th i s t h e n
a r e e c t e d s h a d o w fo r it s be i n g t h e s h a dow is u n t ru e

r
n
w
s
n
is t h e di ff e e c e b e t e e n t h e exp re s i o s re e c t ion a n d re e tc t e d
'
s h a dow
D E OL E E di ti on of Vz c h a rs ag a r pp 32 8 330
is

'

'

P A N C H A D AS I

2 10

p p re h e n de d in th at c as e d i st i n cti on of i nte l l e c t fr om t he
p h y s i c al b ody wi l l b e don e away w i t h ; t h e re f or e to s ettl e th e
q ue s ti on i t is sai d wh at is m ai n t ai n e d by a t h e osoph i st is v ery
l i ttl e t o th e p u rp os e b ec au s e i t is e asy t o adm i t i n tel l ect as n ot
an a ddi ti on al e n ti ty d i s ti n ct fr om t h e b ody
si
If
i
t
b
e
l
l
e
e
d
p
hy
a
s ub s e q ue n t t o de ath wh e n t h e
g
35
cal b ody is ab s e n t ex i s te n c e o i i n tel l ec t is e s t ab l is h e d fr om t h e

t e sti m on y of t h e S r a i r ; t h e n as i n th e P ra esh a S r u l z ree x

is de s cr i be d t o b e di s ti n c t fr om I n te l l ec t i t is b ut p r op e r t o
re g ar d i t i n t h at way
i
f
r
a
I
f
u
a
i
t
s
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
o
th
e
s soc i ate of I n tel l ec t
s
6
o
y
y
3
t o e n ter a b ody t he repl y is s el f d i s ti n c t fr o m I n tel l e c t i s s a i d
t o e n ter acc or d i n g t o th e auth or i ty o f th e A z l ery a Up a m siz aa
Sel f d i s t i nc t fr om I n tel l e ct wi th a de s i re Of e n ter i n g e n te r s

t h e b ody
w
T
h
i
b
y
i th its i nse n ti e nt se n s ory or g an s c ann ot
d
o
s
37

e xi st w i th out th e i n tel l i g e n c e of Sel f

h av i n g c on s i dere d in
t h i s mann e r h e e n ter s th e b ody th r ou g h th e c av i ty of B r ah ma
c orre s p on di n g t o t h e
S i tu ate d on th e c r own of th e h e ad
an d exp er i e nce s wak i ng
dre am i n g an d
an ter i or fon t an e l e
p r o f ou n d s l u m be r
I f i t b e c on te nde d H ow can th e u n assoc i ate d S up re me
38
S el f e n te r a b ody ? It may as wel l b e s ai d in rep ly in th at
c ase i t is i m p oss i b l e to attr i b ute t o h im th e i n s tru m e n t al i ty of
c re ati on T hu s th e n b oth h is e n tr an c e an d i n st ru m e n t al i ty or
c au s ati on equ al ly are du e t o I ll ay a
an d w i th t h e de s tru c ti o n
o f th at I l l u s i on
th ey too are equ al ly de str oye d th eref ore th e
c au se o f th e i r de s tructi on is al i ke
A J NA V AL KY A in his d i sc ou r s e on Sel f k n owl e d e wi th
Y
g
39
h is wi fe M aitre yi c i te s p as sag e s fr om t h e S r u / z t o ex p l ai n th e
de struct i on of assoc i ate as f ol l ows : Th e Su p re m e I nte l l i
g e n c e S el f t ak i n g h is b i rth wi th th e p hy s i c al b ody o r g an s
s e n sory an d acti v e
et c d ie s w i th t h e de s tructi on o f t h e
b ody an d sub seque n t to it s de mi se n o k n ow le dg e ab i de s in

I n Othe r wor ds th ou g h di st i n c t fr om th e b ody and the

it

'

'

'

'

'

P A N C H A D AS I

2 12

As

fr om mi st ake

i l l u si on whe n th e stu mp of a tre e

i s t ake n for a man n ot t o k now i t as a s tu m p doe s n ot affec t
th e other k n owl e dg e th at i t is a man s o wh e n t h e pe rcepti on

of e g oi sm I am an ag e n t an d i n s tru m e n t
is de str oye d by t h e

k nowl e dg e I am the S u pre me B r ah ma th e obj ect i ve wor l d is

de str oye d
SURE S WAR A C H AR Y A has in th i s manne r p oi n te d ou t in
44
h is work N zskarmy a
t he ant ag on i sm of c ommu n i ty of
43

or

'

fr om t h e i n n i te s p ace wh ic h is ever pre s e n t a l ong w it h i t t h ere

fore t h e j a r s p a ce is t h e i n n i te s p ace a n d a s s u c h t h e r s t h a s
i n rel ati on t o t h e l as t t h e c on d i t i on o f a p re dic a m e n t i n w h i c h
i t is i ncl u de d wi t h i t I n t h e s a m e m a n n er t h e U n ifor m I nt e l l i

g e n ce h as in c on n ecti on w i t h B rah m a a s im il a r m a i n i n c l u s i ve
re d ic a m e n t
re a l way s n on d i ffere n t fr om on e
bec
u
e
t
h
e
y
a
s
a
p
a n ot h er
O r as in a per s on m i s t ak i ng t h e s tu mp of a tree for ma n a fter
t h e t ree is k n own t h e f or m of m a n d i s a p p e a r s a n d t h e t ree is
re n dere d a pp a re n t
H ere t h e pe rs on h a s a c om m u n i t y of ref e r
e n ce t o t h e tr e e of t h e s econ d k i n d s i m il arl y by t h e d i s appe a r
a nce of t h e re e c te d I n tel l i g e n ce i t b e c om e s o n e w i t h
U n i ver s al
I n tell i g e nce w h ic h is o n e w i t h B ra h m a h e n ce it s refer e nc e t o

I is t h e s a m e w i t h B ra h m a a n d n ot d i s t i nc t fr om i t S uc h a

commu n i t y of refe re n ce
t h e r e ex i n tell i g e n ce ha s w i t h B r ah m a
b y m er g i ng or d i sa p p ea r i ng i n t o i t
,

S U R E S W A R A,

t h e re pu te d

dis c iple

'

of

S A N K A R AC

H A RY A ,

is t h e

u t h or of N i s k a r my a S i ddh i H e is o p pos e d t o t h e doctri n e of a

t h e os op h i s t s a c ti ng w i t h i m pu n i ty F or h im t h ere is n ot h i ng
p r oper t o do t o t h i s e n d s ay s t h e Vi c/z a rsag a r I f a fte r h e a r i n g
t h e utter a nce s of Veda n t a a ny one h as a n i ncl i na ti on s til l le ft i n
h im as t o wh a t is pr op e r h e h as n ot le a r n t t h e r s t p r i n c iple or
F o r t h i s re as on t h e c on s t a n t re m ov a l of t h e u s e
p r i m i t i ve t rut h
l e s s a n d w h i c h a ns wer s no purp os e a n d a c q ui re m e n t of fe l ici t y
t h a t is c on s t a n tl y g ot a s a re s ult of h e a ri n g t h e Veda n ta is m e n
t ion e d b y t h e D ev a G u ru in N i silmrmy a S iddh i Vi ch a rsag a r
D H O LE S E dit i on p p 1 2 0 1 2 1
a

P A N C H A D AS I

2 13

fere nc e : for th i s re ason commu n i ty of refere nc e is destr oye d

in th e expre ss i on I am B r ah ma

A l l th i s is i ndee d B r ah ma th e Sup re me
A s in
45

B r ah ma h as a c omm u n i ty of refere n ce wi th al l th i s the

o bj ect i v e worl d so in
I am B r ahma th er e is p ossi b l e for the
s ame refere n c e wi th J iv a
B u t obj e c ti on m ay b e t ake n t o i t for in h is wor k
46
Vi varan a P RA KAS H AT M A C H ARA N S WA M I s p e ak s of the opp o
s it ion of c omm u n i ty of refere n ce
Vad/z
T o e it p l ain th i s i t is s ai d W i th a de si re of decl ar i n g s el f t o
b e i de nt i c al wi t h U n i f or m I n tel l i g e n c e th e auth or of Vi varan a
as cert ai n s th e i nc om p atib i l i ty of c ommu n i ty of refer e nc e an d
E
s e e k s to do away wi th it f'
B oth in th e Vz varana an d oth e r work s p r ofe ssor s
47

a
s
o
f
h ve
u g h t t o e st ab l i s h th e i ndi c at i on o Th ou in t h e
U n i f or m I ntel l i g e n c e th e Sup re m e B r ah ma an d h av i n g
ascert ai n e d th e i n c omp at i b l e c ommu n i ty of refere n c e ( Vaalz
S aman aalz zkaran a) h av e s p oke n of th e mai n i n c l u s i v e p re dic a
me n t r eferr i n g t o th e s am e su b j e ct i
I ntel l i g e n c e ab i di ng in an d mi st ake n for J i va who is
48
th e reec te d s h adow of I ntel l i g e n c e c omb i n e d in th e g r os s and
s ub tl e b ody is in th e Veda n ta dec l are d to b e the U n i f or m
A n d B r ah ma is the s ub str ate of I ntel l i g e n c e p e rva
49
d i ng e v ery wh ere an d c omp l etely in p he nome na f ab r i c ate d ou t
o f i l l u s i on
re

'

'

9"

t h a t c on d i ti on of mu t u al
rel a t i on s h i p w h e n a t h i n
g e s t abl i s h e s its n on d i ffe re n ce w i t h it s
c om p a n i on b y l a p s i ng i nt o i t H er e t h e t h i ng is a Va dh a s a m a
n a a lz z k ara n a t o it s com p a n i on
A s for i n s t a nce t h e re ecti on of a
f a ce m erg e s i n t o t h e fa ce ( w h e n t h e m i rr or is w it h dra wn ) h e n ce
t h e y a re n on d i s ti nct ; t h e re ect i on is t h e f ace i t s elf a nd not s ome
t h i ng d i ff e re n t a n d t h i s m utua l rel a ti on s h i p of t h e re ect i on w i t h

t h e f ace is c alle d ( Vadlz a sa ma nadlz z lz ara n a ) c omm u ni t y of t e

fere n ce b y merg i ng Vz ch a rsag ar, D H OLE S E di ti on p 1 2 1
i Vz de note pp 2 1 2 2 1 3
Vadh a S a m a n adh i /ea ra n a m e ans

'

'

'

'

P A N C H A D A S I

2 r4

S i nc e t h e refore ill u si on

ttr i b ute s the u nre al world

an d m i s t ake s i t fo r t he i n de st ruc t i b l e an d u n ch ang e ab l e I n te l l
l ig e n ce th e su b str ate of al l i t is not at al l su rpr i s i n g th at J i va
who is t he re ec te d s h ado w of I n tel l i g e n ce s h ou l d b e s i mi l arl y
attr i b ut e d as th e re J i v a is a p ar t of th e m ater i al worl d
n ce in asso c i at e t h e m at e
w
d
i
f
f
ere
r
i
a
l
o
rl
d
a
r
F
o
r
a
d
n
s

I i v a i nc l ud e d in it Th at an d T h ow ap p ear to b e di st i n c t ;
vi rtual l y they refe r to one i n tel l i g e n ce;
T h at re fle x I nt el l i g en ce ( J i v a) ass um e s the at tr i b ute s
52
of th e s p i ri tua l s ou l in te l lec t or B and/22, v ia as an a e n t o r
in str u men t an d de mo n s tr at or and t h e i l l um i nat i on of s el f
for
w hi c h i t is s ai d to b e an i l l us i on [ j us t as in na cre no s i l ver is
H er e
p res e n t b ut i l l u s i on attr i but e s or s u pe r i m p ose s on i t

w e h ave t wo c on dit i ons

Th i s na c r e is th e s e at or ab i di n g
p l ac e of s i l ve r and th e o th e r at tr i b ut i on o r su p e r i m p os i t i on o f
i l l us i on : s o in t h e s u peri mp os i ti on of re e x on th e U n i f or m
I n tel l i g e n c e th e re ou g h t t o b e th e t wo c ond i ti o n s of ab i d i n g
an d s upe r i m p osi ti on ; an d in t he ab s e n c e of d i s c er n i ng
th e i r
T h i s is
attr i b ut e s h ow c an i l l u s i on b e e s t ab l i s he d in th e m ?
The r e f ore i t is s ai d th e ree x is
w h at a di ss e n te r ob j ec t s to
on ly an i l lu s i on ; for ag e n cy and i n s tr u me n t al i ty are p r o p erti e s
o f th e I n te l lect
an d i l l u m i n at io n b el o n g s to Se l f who i s th e
U n i f o r m I n te l l i g e nc e
Ba rr i ng t he m wh at re ma ins of J iv a ?
N oth i ng
5 3 A n d th e c aus e of th at mi s t ak e or il l us io n i s i g nor an c e
Wh at is I n tel l ec t ? Wh at is th i s re fl e x i n tel l i g e n c e or J i v a ?
Wh at is Se l f ? A nd wh at is th i s mater i al worl d 9 Fr om wan t
wh i ch err or or
of di s c r i m i nating the m i s e ng e n de re d err or
i l lu s i on is a
t to b e de str oye d for i t i s n oth i n g l e ss th an t he
wor l d we l iv e in
B ut i t may b e aske d how is i l l u s i on to b e de str oy e d
54
B y p r ope r di sc ri mi nat i on wh en a p er son h as c ome to k n ow the
n at u re of th e s e ver al e n ti ti e s
n tel l e ct
l
i
re
f
ex
and U n i f or m
,
I ntel l i g e n ce s e tc he is a real k nower of S e l f and f reed S o
say s the Vu l an/a
50

'

'

'

'

2 16

P A NC H A D A S I

th i s man ne r U ni for m I n tel li g e nc e is de sc r i b e d in

th e S im P a rana to b e n e i th er a J i v a n or I s war a b ut sel f i l l u
m in ate d I n tel l i g e n c e ful l of b l is s fn l n e s s
ec
w
au s e b oth J i v a an d I s war a are decl are d
o
B
H
?
59

i n t h e S ra t z to b e f or me d of zll ay a an d re e x i n tel l i g e n c e
I t may b e app reh e n de d i f th ey are th u s mater i al there wi l l
b e n o d i st i nct i on b et wee n t he m and th e i n se n t i e n t p hy s i c al
b ody etc T o c le ar th i s i t is s ai d j u s t as there is di s ti n ct i on
b et wee n a g l ass and e arth e n j ar th o u g h equ al l y mater i al for
t h e on e is tr an sp are n t wh i c h th e oth er is not so are J iv a an d
I swar a di s t i nc t fr om th e p hy s i c al b ody an d th e re st
60
Ju st as b ody an d m i n d ( modi e d p r oduct s of f ood)
are di ff e re n t fr om one anoth e r i nasmuc h as t h e f or m e r is l n
s e n ti e n t wh i c h t h e l atte r is n ot ; so I s war a an d J i v a t h ou g h
m ater i al are far mor e se n t i e n t t h an oth e r obj e c t s of t h e
u n i v er se
61
Th ou g h J iv a and I swar a are thu s m ater i al y e t for
man i fe sti ng i ntel l i g e n c e i t is po ss i b l e to re g ar d th e m as
i n tel l i g e n c e i t sel f an d th i s is p l au s i b l e e nou g h s i n c e there is
n oth i n g i m p oss i b l e for M ay a t o f ab r i c ate
62
S i n c e e v e n i n ou r s l u m b e r c ons c i ou sn e s s p re se n t in
d re ams c re ate s J i v a an d I swar a : wh at o bj ect i on can th er e b e
for th e P r i m or di al C os mi c M atter to c on tr i v e i nte l l i g e n ce in
J i v a an d I s war a ?
63 Th ou g h equ al ly mater i al wi th J i v a y et I swar a is n ot
p ar vi sci e n t l i ke h im for th e s ame M ay a s h ows h im to b e om
58

In

'

'

w h ic h

ex i s t n ot t h e p h e nome nal woul d h ave bee n s i m il a rl y c ondi

t ion e d a n d re m a i n e d u n d i s c overe d
W i t h out a c on n ecti on of in
t e llig e n c e i ns e n ti e n t ob j ect s c a n n ever be k n ow n t o s ay t h e y a re
d i s c o vere d of t h e ms el ve s a n d i n telli g e n ce pl ay s n o p a r t is cle a rl y
a b s ur d
W h a t is s ub j ect of a not h er s aff e c t i on c an not be bl i s s
f u l ne s s i t s el f A nd for it s bei ng u n i ver s all y rel a te d i t can
be n o mor e an u ni v er sal i llu mi nator , ne i th e r the one nor th e
ot h e r
,

p anc na nas n

nis cient.

S i n c e it is

217

ca ab l

p e of f ab r i c at i ng I s war a wh at pos
s i bl e o bj ect i o n can th e re b e for f ab r i c at i n g h is omn i s c i e n ce ?
64
I t is i mp r op e r t o re g ar d the U n i f or m I n tel l i g e n ce in
t he s am e l i g h t wi th J i v a an d I swar a an d to say i t is u n re al an d
for te s t i mony t o th at e ffec t is wan ti n g
an i l l u s i on
65
O n t h e ot h e r h an d its Re al i ty is exp l ai n e d in al l Ve
d anl z c tre ati se s an d i t h as n o s i m i l ar i ty e i th e r w i th th e
el e m e n t s or any ot her sub st an ce for wh i c h i t can b e s ai d t o
b e mater i al
H i th ert o for ascert ai n i ng th e n atu re of I swar a an d
66

d
n
a
a
n
a
i
f
r
I
tel
l
i
e
ce
th
e
i
r
u
re
l
i
ty
re
l
i
ty
te sti mon y
n
Un o m n
g
o f th e S r a l a h as b ee n m ade u s e of on ly an d i f i n th e ab s e n c e
any on e b e i n cl i n e d t o
o f th e u s u a l ar g u m e n t s t o h el p th at
r ai s e o bj ecti on s i t is th eref ore decl are d ou r pu rp ose is on l y
t o d i s c l o s e the re al m e an i n g o f S r u i z text s an d n ot t o i n vi te
d i s cu ss i on s o th at a N aiyay ik a f on d of di sp ute s h oul d h av e
any c au se o f m i sappreh e n s i o n
F ol l owi n g t h e m eth od adop te d h e re on e s h oul d
67
ab s t ai n fr om i l l m atch e d ar g u m e n t s an d di s pute s an d depe nd
e n t i rely on w h at th e S r zm s ay s A nd there we nd i t s t ate d

M ay a c re ate s J i v a an d I s war a
,

'

'

'

i nn i n g w i th c re ati on t i l l h is e nt ry in all obj ect s is

th e work of I s war a an d th at of J i v a r ang e s b et wee n th e c ondi
t i ons of wak i n g and e manc i p at i on
68

Beg

a
th
er
Th e U n i f or m I nte ll i
g

Fr om th e S ru l r we

g e n c e is wi th out dec l i n e an d g r owth al way s u n i f or m

it is p r oper to di s cri m i n ate i t in th at m an n er
69

'

Who is

A nd

b i rth an d de ath an d n ot subj ecte d

t o r e b i rth can h ave n o c o n cer n for p r acti s i n g t h e m e an s o f
e man c i p at i on fr om m ete m p sy c h os i s ; w h o is n ei th er d e s i r ou s
of s uc h re le as e n or free 18 the R e al
I nde stru c t i b l e U n i f or m
I n te l l i g e nc e
70

wi th out

As

.
'

S r u l z,

i t is u nspe ak ab l e an d u nth i nk ab l e th eref ore the

for ex pl ai n i ng and ascertai ni ng its natu re, has descri b ed
,

m as:

2 18

p anora

refer ence t o J i v a and I swara and the obj e cti ve wor l d,

wh os e sub str ate i t is
T h ere can b e no ob j e c t i on in wh at mann e r s oe ve r a
72
p er son b e g et s an i ncl i n ati on t o k n ow sel f , an d for a I h C OS O
p his t i t is al way s p rope r s o to do
7 3 B ec au s e fr om f ai l i ng t o c ompreh e n d th e dri ft of S ru l f
u tte re nce s du l l an d i g n or an t p e rson s are e n tr an ce d and m ade
t o wande r i n i l l u s i on ; wh i l e a p er son of d i s c ri m i n at i on wi t h
h is k n owl e dg e of s e l f is i mmer se d in h is s u pre m e fe l i ci ty
A n d h e k n ows i t for c ert ai n th at th e c l ou d of i l l u s i on
74
i s c on s t an tl y r ai n i n g in the f or m of th i s mate r i al e x p ans e an d
th e U n i f o r m I n tel l i g e nc e is l i ke e th e r qu i te u n c onnecte d wi t h
i t an d can s u ffer n o i nj ury fr om th at m i st ak e , or der i v e any
f
r
t
o
[ or h e is u nassoc i ate d and b l i ssful ]
p
H e wh o s tu di e s th e p re s e n t tre at i s e an d ascert ai ns its
75
dri ft g et s an i n s i g h t of k nowl e dg e of Se l f an d e x per i e n c e s
s u p re me fel i c ity by h is u nb r ok e n p re s e n c e in t h e l u mi nosi ty of
S u c h is its re su l t
t h at U n i f or m I nte ll i g e nce

it b y

P AN C H A D A S I

2 20

th e ray o f l amp l ig ht
5
for a g e m an d h ad ac c or d i n g l y ru n in th at di rec ti on to sei z e
th e p r i z e is d i sap p o i n te d w h i l e t h e oth e r wh o for h is k now
le dg e of a j e we l h ad m i s t ake n i t in its ray is e l ate d wi t h th e
s ucce ss atte n d i n g h is s e arc h
Il l u str at i on s of th e ab ov e t wo v ar i e t i e s of m i st ake are
T h ou g h th e t wo m i st ake s are
no w ag ai n p arti c ul arly s e t f orth
equ al yet for an ab se n c e of re sul t in th e s e c on d n am e l y l am p
l i g ht mi st ake n for a g e m i t is c al l e d d i sag reei n g or u ncon for
m ab le an d th e mi s t ak e of g e m in its l i g h t is c al l e d ag ree ab l e
or c on for mab l e f or i t l e ads to t h e p osse s s i on of th e de s i re d
B ut

th at

wh o h ad m i st ake n

on e ,

e m.

th e s i g h t of v ap ory exh al ati on s r i s i ng f rom a S p ot

i n duc e a p er son to i n fer re an d h e g oe s in q u e s t of i t mis
t ak i n g v ap or for s mok e an d ac c i de n t ly g ets i t i t can b e c al l e d
an i n st an ce o f c on f o r mab l e m i st ak e
8
A n d i f a p er s on b el i e v i n g th e Water s of th e G oda ve ry
to b e G an g e s w ate r b ath e s in i t w i th a de s i re of be i n g b e n e t
e d an d t h at b ath doe s p r odu c e g o od re s ul t s th e n i t is a con
f or mab l e m i s t ake
ronou n ce s
I
f
a p er son s u ff er i n g f rom typ h oi d fe ve r
p
9
th e n ame of N ar ay an a m i s t ak i ng i t t o b e th e n ame of a fr i e nd
wh om h e wan t s t o s u m m on ; an d s ub seque n t t o
o r h is son
de ath i n h eri t s th e b l i s s fu l ab ode of h e av e n [ for t h at act] i t
is a c on f o r m ab l e m i st ake
10
T h e ab ove are a fe w of t h e m an y i n st an c e s of con for
mab l e m i st ake e i the r v i s i b l e or i nferre d m e n t i on e d in t h e
7

If

'

S aar/m s

c on f or mab l e m i s t ak e b e n ot re g ar de d t o b e pro
du ctive of re s ul t in t h e m an n e r af ore sai d h ow th e n c an i m ag e s
m ade of c l ay wood s t on e et c
w h i c h are al l mater i al an d
s ubj ec t t o de stru c t i o n
b e re g ar de d as D evas ? A nd in
Kn owl e dg e of t h e fi v e my s t i c fire s h ow can woman h e wor
s h i p p e d as re ?
1 1

If

12

M ore ov e r

it

is

v i si b l y see n th at
,

a di ff erent

k nowl e dg e }

P A NC H AD AS I

22 !

cci de nt al ly p r odu c e s a di ffere nt re su l t as in the story of the

f rui t of p al m f al l i n g fr om th e i g h t of a crow ; h e nc e i t is
re ason ab l e t o expe c t c on f or mab l e m i s t ak e s p r odu ci n
g re s ul t s
13
A s c on f or m ab l e m i s t ak e th ou g h an err or is p r odu c
ti ve of r e s ul t s ; s o is th e wo r s h i p of B r ah m a l ik e th e k n ow
l e dg e of I m per son al B r ah ma is a c au se of p erson s att ai n i ng
e man c i p ati on
14
W i th t h e h el p of t he fou r me ans ( p ass i vi ty s elf
Vedan ta
c on tr ol an d th e re s t ) an d th e ar g u me n t s u se d i n th e
o n e is t o as cert ai n t h e o r d i n ar i ly i n v i s i b l e P arab rah m a e s
t abl ish h is on e n e ss wi t h I t an d wo r sh i p t h u s :
l am th at
a

P arab rah m a

th e s ubj ect of th e wor sh i p of P arab rahma th e

I n ste ad of
n ature of i n v i s i b l e k n owl e dg e is t h u s se t f orth
i n ter n al ly c on te m p l at i n g on t h e S up re m e B r ah m a as i m p art ite
b l i ss l i k e th e wor s h i p of th e i n v i s i b l e f or m of V i sh n u

B r ah m a is fr om th e p r oof s m e n t i on e d
o r di n ar i l y t o k n ow

i n th e s ac re d wr i ti n g s is h er e me an t for i n vi s i b l e k n ow l e dg e
16
T h ou g h V i s h n u is p o i n te d ou t i n t h e S as /ras t o h av e
f our h an ds etc yet dur i ng wor s h i p i n ste ad of t ak i ng cog
a i s an ce of th at f o r m b
y th e e ye s th e w i s e s i m p l y p r on ou n ce
h is n am e in t h e act of wor s h i p p i ng an d th at is ac k nowl e dg e d
as i n vi s i b l e k n owle d g e
17
N ow t h i s k n owl e dg e of t h e i r s c annot b e c al l e d n u
t rue i n as muc h as f r o m th e te s t i m on y o f th e S lz artras
k now
l e dg e of h is t r ue f o r m s h i n e s th ere i n te n s ely
I 8
I n s p ite of k n ow i n g s el f as e ter n al i n tel l i g e n c e an d
b l i ss acc or di n g t o th e S h as tras i f i nte l l i g e nc e b e n ot dul y
s uc h k n owl e dg e doe s n ot
c o n te m pl ate d o n as th e I m p arti te
c on st i tute v i s i b l e k nowl e dg e of P arab rah m a
19
K n owl e dg e of se l f as ete r n al i n tel l i g e n c e an d b l i ss
fr om th e te s ti mony of th e s ac re d wr i ti ng s th ou g h i nv i s i bl e
i s reck on e d as k n owl e dg e of re al i ty for i t is n ot er r on e ou s
t h ou g h i n v i s i b l e
M ore ove r i t is wo rth re m ark i ng
20
k nowl e dg e of B r ah ma is c ompar at i v ely s l ig h t s i n c e for I ts
5

On

P A N C H A D AS L

32 2

p er ce pt i on the t r an s ce n de n t al p h r as e Th at art Th ou
h as b ee n exp l ai n e d in t h e S h as t ras to h el p th e c og n i ti on of
e ac h s e l f as B r ah m a y e t as th at k n o wl e dg e c an n eve r acc ru e

t o t h e i g n o r an t wi t h out du e d i s c ri m i n a t i o n t h e ref o re t h e in v i
si b l e is b ut an othe r m e an s of k n o wl e dg e an d p roper ly re
g ar de d s o
W h y is v i s i bl e k n owl e dg e of B r ah ma s o d i f cul t o f
21
b ei n g ob t ai n e d fr o m w an t of d i s c r i mi n at i o n in t h e i g n or an t ?
T o m e n of or d i n ary c al i b re s el f is m i s t ake n fo r th e b o dy
s e n s e s etc
an d as t h at err o ne ou s c o n cep ti on is e ver p re s e n t
th e y are p re v e nte d f rom g rasp i ng sel f as B r ah ma h e n c e
i n vi s i b l e
I n m e n h av i n g f ai th in th e S hastras and u n der st an d
22
i n g th e m i n v i s i b l e k n owl e dg e o f B r a h m a is e as i l y p r o duce d ;

a
is n o b ar
f
n
a
d
t
h
e
v
i
i
b
l
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p
erce
pt
i
p
h
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e
u
l
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ty
o
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s
o
o
n
o
f
m na
to th at n o n du al i ty ;
23
As i n th e v i s i b l e p ercep t i on of s t on e no ant ag o n i s m
i s c re ate d of th e i n vi s i b l e k n ow l e dg e o f a D ev a w h os e i m ag e
t h at s t on e is an d in th e we l l k n own i mag e of V i s h n u th ere is
neve r an y d i s pu te
A n d re g ar di n g th at i n v i s i b l e or v i s i b l e k now l e dg e
24
th e ex am pl e s o f p e r s o n s wan ti n g i n f ai t h is n ot w o rth be i n g
tak e n i n t o c o n s i der ati on i n as muc h as in t h e Vedas o n l y
per son s h av i n g f ai t h are sai d t o b e qu al i e d to u n dert ak e
work s
A fte r h av i n g on c e recei v e d i n s tructi on fr om a
25
p r ofe ssor free fr o m err o r i n vi s i bl e k n o w le dg e is s u re t o
f o l l ow and no ar g u me n t is n ec e ss ary for i t as t h e i n stru o
t i on i n re g ar d to th e f or m of V i s h n u s t an ds in n o n ee d of
y i s i bl e

M i man sa

Th u s th e n th ou g h th ere is no n ece s s i ty for ar g u m e n t s

or d i s cu s s i on t o h a ve an i n v i s i b l e k n o wle dg e o f t h e S up re m e
Sel f i n t h e m an n e r af o re s ai d y et t h e ar g u me n t s u s e d in t h e
S ims /m s for di s cu s s i on of w ork s an d dev o ti on al exerc i s e are
or k s an
w
ac ti s i n
et
th
e
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n uti l i ty of
r
o n l y fo
d
e r m i n i ng
d
p
g
r
26

P A N C H A D AS I

2 24

th e Kalpa S u l ra work s and worsh i p h av e b ee n

m en t i on e d in a c on n ecte d f o r m b ut w h e n a p e r son h as n o
f a i th i t is i m p o s s i b l e for h im t o pr ac ti s e w i th out p r ope r discri
m i n at i on as t o w h at is pr o pe r t o b e done
27

In

k n owe r of B ra h m a h a s n o n ee d of w or s h i p H e h a s n o f a i t h
i n t h e c om m on bel i ef w h ic h s et s u p b on dag e i n s el f ; t h a t h as
bee n d es tr oy e d b y k n owle dg e W o r k s a n d w ors h i p a re n ot
n e e d e d for i t j u s t a s in t h e
d e s t ructi on o f s n a k e illu s i on k n o w
It
l e dg e of t h e ro p e is e n ou g h a n d n ot h i n g m o re is n ee de d
t h e re is a d i ff e re n ce in re s ul t s b et wee n
w oul d t h u s b e ev i de n t
t h os e o f k n o wle dg e a n d w ork s e tc
h e n ce t h e y a re re s pect i vel y
'
'
c a lle d v i s i b le an d i n v i s i ble T h e v i s ible re s u l t is exe m pl i e d
i n t h e i llu s t ra t i o n s o f c l o t h p rod uce d b y t h e w e a v i n g l oom a n d
b ru s h or t h i rs t a n d h u n g e r a ppea s e d b y d r i n k a nd f ood I n
k n o w l e dg e o f
a s m u c h a s a l l illu s i on s o r m i s t a k e s a re re m o ve d b y
t h e ref ore t h a t
t h e a b i d i n g s e a t o n w h ic h t h e y a re s u p e r i m p os e d
d e s t ruct i on o f m i s t a k e or er ror is a v i s i b le re s u l t of k n owle dg e ;
s i m il a rl y k n o w l e dg e of s elf re m o ve s t h e m i s t a k e n n o ti o n of h is
b on da g e a n d e m a n ci p a t i on p roc e ds as a m a t ter o f c ou rs e B u t
i t m ay b e c on t e n d e d w h y is s el f n ot s u b j ect t o re bi rt h ? B e ca u s e
h e is ete rn a l a n d n tur a ll y u n rel a t e d
free W h a t is eter n a l
free c a n
a n d w h a t is
c a n n eve r b e s ub j e c t t o b i r t h a n d d e a t h ;
n eve r be a n a g e n t or i n s t r u m e n t
I f b on da g e w ere t rue w or k s
but
a n d d ev o ti o n wo u l d b e re u i re d t o c a u s e it s d e s t ru c ti o n
as
q
i t i s n ot t h eref ore t h a t i g no r a n ce w h ic h c re a te s i t on s el f is
re m o ve d w i t h h is t h or ou g h k n ow le dg e ; in t h e s a m e w a y a s t h e
s n a k e c re a te d b y i g n o r a n ce in a b i t of s t r i n g
is d e s t roy e d w h e n a
l i g h t is br ou g h t t o be a r o n i t t h u s h e l pi n g i t s k now l e dg e J u s t as
i n t h e s n a k e i ll u s i on n o w o r k c a n re m ove i t b u t k n ow le dg e o f t h e
rO e
p [ in a l l it s p a rt s ] is e n ou g h t o d i s pel i t s o a t h or o u g h k n ow
led g e of t h e on e n e s s of s e lf w i t h B r a h m a d e s tr oy s t h e i llu s i on of
b on dag e a n d t h e ot h e r m i s t a k e s a s t o h is i d e n ti t y w i t h t h e b od y

and the
re s t E m a n c i p a t i on h as be e n s p ok e n of a s a v i s i ble
re s u l t for t h e Veda s m e n t i on i t in t h a t w a y I f i t w ere o t h e r w i s e
i t w ill b e in opp os i ti on t o t h e m for e m a n c i p a t i on is e i t h e r e ter n a l
N ow of t h e m t h e
re le as e or a te m p or ar y a b ode in h e a ve n
a

22 5

P A NC H AD A S L

W or sh i p h as b ee n de sc r i b e d in sever al wor k s
wr i tte n by R ic/2 1s in a p r ac t i c al f orm but th os e wh o u n de r
n or are c ap ab l e o f d i s c u s s i n g t h e c o m p ar a
s t an d t h e m n ot
t i ve m e r i t s of a part icu l ar f o r m w h e n th ey h e ar t h e m re ad
rep ai r t o a p r o fe s s or for th e n ece ssary i ns truct i on an d pay al l
r e v ere n c e t o h im
2

'

l a tte r is n on ete rn al a n d t h e refore c an not b e s am e w i t h eter n a l

rele a s e ; acti on s a n d wo r s h ip pr ocu re h e a ve n
k no wle dg e e ma n
k n ow
c ip a t ion ; a cti on s a re n on eter n a l t h ei r r e s ul t s e q u a ll y s o
l e dg e is e te rn al a nd it s p roduct is ete rn a l rel e a s e E n o u g h h a s
a l re a dy bee n s a i d t o s h e w k n owle dg e a l on e
a n d n ot w o rk s a n d
de v oti on or t h e t h ree t og et h e r t o be t h e s o u rc e of e ma n ci p a t i o n
f ru i t is
a n d t o s ay t h a t l i k e wa te ri n g t h e r oot s o f a pl a n t y i e l d i n g
t h e frui t e m a n c i p a t i on p r oduce d b y work s a n d d ev oti on is im
ree
ri n
r
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r
B
ec
au se
w
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oe s n ot i n v a ri a bl y m a k e
it
o
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p p
be a r frui t s I t m ay be re q u i s i te for it s g r ow t h a n d v i t al i t y s o fa r
but in t h e m a t ter of s ee d bea ri ng o t h e r c a u s e s a re a t work :
w ell
for i n s t a n ce t h e u s u al l a ws o f m a le a n d fe m al e o we r s a n d c a r
i n to t h e o v a r y ;
r ia g e of t h e fert il i z i ng p olle n t h r ou g h t h e pi s ti l
s o m e t ree s h a ve o n l y m a le ower s t h e p olle n is c on ve y e d e i t h e r b y
t h e w i n d or t h e w i n g s of t h e bee a n d butter y u n k n ow i ng l y a ct i ng
a s a m e d iu m ; fo r a s t h e y c o m e a n d s it in t h e o we r c u p t o s u c k
t h e h one y a l i ttle of t h e p owde r w h ic h h a s a dh ere d t o t h e w i ng s
th e
o r feet a d h ere i n t o t h e p i s t il t h e n ce t o c om e in c o n t a ct w i t h
o v i s a c a n d i m pre g n a t i o n is c om plete : w h e n s o m uc h is i n v ol ve d i n
t h e p r oce s s ho w c a n w a t e ri ng a pl a n t woul d m a k e i t y iel d f rui t 1?
O n t h e o t h e r h an d t h i s m ay be s a i d o f i t w h e n a t ree is d ep r i ve d
P l a n ts s u c k t h e m oi s
of it s s up p l y of w a te r i t w i t h e rs a n d d ri e s
to
t ure b y t h ei r r oot s a n d t h e f ood is c on v e y e d in a s ol u ble f o rm
b e m i x e d u p w i t h t h e s a p a fte rwa r ds e l a b ora te d i n t o c hloro p h y l e
c a rb on a n d s o f ort h h e nce i t is s a i d j u s t a s s t opp i n g t h e w a t e r
le a ds t o p re m a tu re d e c a y a n d d e a t h a n d i t d ri e s s o i f w or k s a n d
w ors h i p a re don e a wa y w i t h k n o wle dg e a l re a dy p rod u c e d is d e s
t roy e d a n d t h e re s ul t e ma n ci p a t i on f oll o ws n ot
B u t i t is a m is
t a ke B ec a u s e t h e ex a m ple doe s not a ppl y ; for s o fa r a s t h e
wi t h er i ng of a tree g oe s i t is to a cert a i n ex te n t true e s pec i all y
-

29

Th e n

ag a n ,

wi th

v i ew

of

g nif

deter m i n i n g

t h e si

c at i o n o f Ved ic wo r ds m e n an aly s e an d s ol ve t h e m but in

t h e precep t s o f a tr u s t wo rt h y p e rf or m e r of p r act i ce t h ere is a
ch an ce o f pr act i ce s b e i n g e n f o rce d
A s wi t h o ut p r o pe r d i s cu s s i o n b u t s i m ply fr om in s
80
t ru c t io n a p er s on m ay b e tr a i n e d i n de v ot i o n al ex e r c i s e
f ro m s i mp l e i nst r u c t i on n o one can h ave v i s i bl e k n owl e dg e of
Br a h m a
A s wan t of f ai th is th e on e i m p e di me n t for i n vi si b l e
31
,

'

'

u n tri e s w h e re th e h e a t is in t e n s e a n d t h e u s u a l fa i n fal l ver y

b ri n g t h e
s c a n ty b u t t o s a y a b a n do n d in g w o rk s a n d w o rs h i p w il l
m i n d b a c k i n t o i t s o ri g i n a l c o n d i t i o n o f u n s te a d i n e s s a n d m a k e i t
fa ul t y is fa r f ro m c o rrect ; s o t h a t l i k e t h e w i t h e re d tre e o f t h e
d ry l a n d k n o wl e d g e w il l b e d e s t ro y e d is a n a s s e rti o n n o t a u t h e n
I n t he rs t
t ic a t e d b y p roofs e i t h e r p e rs o n a l o r a u t h o i t a t i v e
l
ace l e t i t b e a s c e rt a i n e d w h a t s h a p e d o e s t h e k n o w l e dg e a s s u m e
p
e lse ?
E v e ry
t o s e e i f i t b e e v e r re m o v e d o r re p l a c e d b y a n y t h i n g
w h e re in t h e Ve d a n t a t h e d oc t r i n e o f n o n d u a l i t y h a s b e e n e s t a b
l is h e d a n d i t is m a i n t a i n e d : w h e n a p e rs o n h a s re a l i z e d t h a t

a
h e e x cl a i m s I am B ra h ma
On e n e s s o f se l f a n d B ra h m
To
t h a t b y c e a s i n g t o h a ve re cou r s e t o a c t i on s a n d d e v o ti o n a
sa y
th e os op h i s t l os e s t h i s k n ow l e dg e is c l e a rl y c o n t a i n d i c a t e d for on
we n d th e r e v e r s e is t ru e
A t h e os o
a p pe a l i n g t o e x p e r i e n c e
p h i s t is n e v e r e n g a g e d i n wo rk s a n d Wo rs h i p , b u t h i s p e rc e p ti o n of
H i s n a t u ra l l o v e for a l l c re a t u re s is t h e
B ra h m a is c le a r e n o u g h
b e s t p roo f F o r S e lf is t h e s o u rc e o f a ff e c ti on a n d h e pe v a de s

A ll t h i s is f u ll of S e l f
c o n se q u e n tl y h e l o ve s
e v e ry wh e re h e n c e
t h e m e q u a ll y w it h S l f T h e n a g a i n s u c h k n o w l e d g e is e t e rn a l
l i a ble t o d e s t ru c t i o n i t s t a n ds iii n o n e e d o f
a n d t h e r e f o re n ot
p rotect i ng c a re l i k e t h a t of w a ter a s i n t h e c a s e o f t re e t h e i r d is
co n t i n u n c e a ff e c t s i t n ot o n e w a y o r t h e o t h er ;
for w h e n t h e
m i n d h as o n c e a s s u m e d t h e m od i c a t i o n o f t h e I m p a rt i te B ra h m a
d e s t r u c t i o n t h a t k n o wl e dg e o f
a l l i g n o ra n c e c e a s e s a n d a fte r it s
B r a h m a r e q u i res n o p ro t e c t i on
f rom a ny t h i ng
one n e s s w i t h
i nj u r i o u s
I g n o ra n ce i s t h e e n e m y t o k n owl e dg e a n d w h e n
i t i s de s tr oy e d wh at ca n i n j u re k nowle dg e ? C l e a rl y n o t h i ng
'

in

co

'

'

'

2 28

ra n c n noa s n

th e m t h e p as t o b s t acl e is as f oll ows

O wi ng
t o an att ac h me n t fo r a m i l c h b u al ow fr om th e f orc e of
h ab i t ac qu i re d p rev i ou s to th e i r reti re m e n t fr om soc i ety s ome
r ec l u s e f ai l to h av e a rm k nowl e dg e of sel f ; th i s is k nown
t oo we l l
B u t wh e n afte r re ce i v i n g i n s truc ti on fr om a G u ru
42
b y k i n d an d sy m p ath i s i n g wo r ds t h e ob st ac l e s are de s tr oye d
th e n th e i r S el f k n owl e dg e b e c om e s rm it is c on r me d

f
n
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Fi r m att ac h m e n t
P
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z
43
t o p r o perty r i c h e s an d t h e re s t is c al l e d p re s e n t ob s t ac l e
It
s p o i l s k n owl e dg e
c re ate s i l l u s i on r ai s e s i l l assorte d ob j e c
t i on s an d b e g et s an i n c l i n at i on t o di s p ute an d wr an g l e
an d h e ar i n g
B u t p ass i v i ty s el f c o n tr o l e tc
cons i
44
requ i s i te for th e t i m e b e i n g de s tr oy i t w i t h
de r at i on et c
th e re s t an d p av e t h e way for th e fru i t s of k nowl e dg e to ac
c ru e e as i l y
O u th e s ub j e c t of
w
s
Future
b
t
cl
e
i
i
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th
i
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i
e
a
o
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s
45
th e r i s i n g o f k n owl e dg e in B AM D E V A i t h as b ee n sai d th e
w
o r th e n e xt or an oth e r in car
re
e
ce
fruc
te
ce
t
rk
f
n
o
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p
I t was exh au s te d in h im
is c al le d future ob s t acl e
n at i on
b y e nj oy i ng dur i ng h is soj our n in one i n c ar nat i on b ut B HARA T
h ad t o e nj oy th e m in th ree su c ce s s i v e re i nc ar n at i on s b ef or e
t hey w e re e xh au ste d
A p er s on w h o h as f ai l e d i n Y og a or b ee n dep r i ve d of
46
i t ex h au s t s his o b s t ac l e b y th e p r ac ti ce s o f s e ver al i n c ar n at i on s
i n as muc h as ther e c an n e ve r b e an u ndoi n g of th e re su l t s o f
d i s c u s s i on an d an aly s i s
T o t h i s e n d KR I S H N A say s to A RJ U N A
V
a
s f ol l ows
a C h ap t
t
r
O
(
Fr om t h e mer i t o r i ou s act i ons of p r i or l i fe afte r
47
h av i ng i n h e r i te d th e b l i s s ful ab o de of he ave n etc h e is b or n
fr om t h e f o rc e of Sel f k n ow l e dg e in a nob l e f am i ly wi t h
we al t h an d r an k , as be s t h e w i s he s
O r fr o m th e s t re n g th of th at vi rtue an d di s cu ss i on
48
h e is b o r n in th e f am i ly o f an i n te l l e c tu al Y og i
of B RA H M A
free fr o m any de si re b ut t h i s is e x tre mely r ar e :
Of

'

P A NC H AD A S L

2 29

th at l i fe afte r h avi ng b ee n t e p os se ss e d
49
of h is p rev i ou s k n owl e dg e an d c on n ecte d w i th i n tel l ect h e
ag ai n f ol l ows th e p ath th at l e ads to k n owl e dg e of B RAH M A
A
tt
r
i
m
p
re
s s i on of f or m er pr acti ce s
acte d by th e
0
5
wh i c h h av e wel l n i g h fr om d i s u s e b ec om e de ade n e d h is at
after h avi n g
t ach m e n t t o th e m g r ows s tr on g ; in th i s m an n er
p ass e d th r ou g h s ever al r e i n c ar n at i on s an d re al i s e d th e fru i t s
of k n owl e dg e
u l t i m ately me r g e s i n t o th e A b sol ute
an d is

free d
a
d
f
E
ve
w
i
th
e
s
i
re
o
ac qu i ri n g th e ab ode of B ra/27n d
1
n
5
b ei n g p re se n t wh e n a p er son re str ai n s i t an d e n q u i re s i n t o
th e Sup re me Sel f wi th du e d i s cri m i nati on h e doe s n ot g e t a
di rec t k nowl e dg e of th e SUPRE M E B RAH M A v i s i b ly i t is true :
B u t after h av i n g asce rt ai n e d i t in th e m ann er l ai d
52
down in t h e Vedan ta h e g oe s t o th e ab o de of B ra/27nd t o
"
f
r
n
o
a
m
m
a
j
y
fel
i
c
i
ty
t
i
e
u
lti
tely
i
n
th
e
n
f
o
e
e d o
K alp d to b e
free d wi th B ra/27nd
5 3 I n s om e k n owl e dg e of a p rev i ou s l i fe acqu i re d b y
th e h el p of th e ar g u m e n t s u se d in th e Vedan ta is c on cl u de d
b y f al l i n g i n t o th e p r ac t i c e of work s i n as m u c h as som e are
u nab l e e ve n t o h e ar th e r e al i ty o f Sup re m e Sel f b ei n g
t al ke d
o f or re ad ; an d som e f ai l t o c om p reh e n d its i m p or t e v e n afte r
h avi n g h e ar d i t
B u t e i th er fr om dul l ne s s of i n tel l ec t or wan t of pur i ty
54
o f m i nd wh e n a per son is i n c ap ac i t ate d fr om as cert ai n i n g s el f
b y t h e h el p of s up p ort i n g ar g u me nt s i t is p r op e r for h im t o b e
c on s t an tly e n g ag e d i n t h e wo r s h i p o f t h e SUPRE M E B RAH M A

in th e i n v i s i b l e m an n e r
As
B RAH M A is
T o wor s h i p th e I m p e r s on al B RAH M A in th e ab ove
55
m an n e r [ i n v i s i b l e f o r m] is n ot i n c on s i s te n t ; as in th e p er son al
m eth od th e ow of th e m e n t al fu n ct i on i s di recte d t owar ds
h im so here al so th e re is a l i kel i h ood of h is f ai th in th e
B ec au se in

A day a nd ni g h t
si dere al ye a r s
.

d
m
f
B
h
o
ra

peri od of

so a r

P ANC Il A D A Sl

a3o

ex i ste n ce of B RAH M A b e i n g c on r m e d an d th u s i n v i s i b l e k n ow
l e dg e r e s u l t i n g [ u l t i ma t e ly ]
f
i t b e as k e d S i n c e t h e f o r m of B RA H M A i s b ey o n d t h e
I
6
5
re ac h o f w o r d an d m i n d h o w t h e n i t is p o s mb l e t o w o r s h i p
H i m i n v i s i b ly ? I n t h at c as e l et t h e re b e n o v i s i b l e k rowl e dg e
p r oduce d
I
f
o u k n ow H i m t o b e b ey o n d t h e re ac h o f wo r d
7
y
5
wor s h i p in t h at
w h y n o t ad m i t h i s i n v i s i b l e
an d m i n d
.

m an n e r P

If

c k n o w l e dg e

B RAH M A

bj ec t
p os se s s i n g
o f wo r s h i p w i l l r e d u c e h i m t o a P e i s o n a l [ G o d]
B u t t h e n h o w c an yo u do a way W i t h i t in h is
a t t ri b u re s ?
V l S l b le
k n o n l e dg e ?
T h eref o r e wors h i p h im i n v i s i b ly by
I n d i c at i ve I n d i c at i o n s
n th e
S
rntz
o ccu r s th e p as s ag e
W
h
t
b
ey
I
a
i
s
on d
59

t h e r e ac h o f w o r d an d m i n d k n o w t h a t t o b e B RA H M A
A nd
W h o m pe o p l e wo r s h i p is n o t B RAH M A
B R AH M A is d i s t i n ct
60
I f y o u adm i t t h e ab o ve t h e n as

f r o m t h e k n o w n an d u n k n o w n
t h i s p as s ag e w o ul d
h is v i s i bl e k n o w l e dg e fo r as
n e c e s s ari l v m ak e u s refu s e
h is w o r s h i p is i n t e rdi c u b l e s o is h is k n o wab le n e s s e q u al ly
I f y o u re g ar d B RA H M A t o b e u nk n o w a b l e w h at p re
61
ve n t s y o u fr o m ac k n o wl e dg i n g B RAH M A t o b e n o t w o rs h i p p ab l e ?
i nas m uc h as k n o w l e dg e a n d w or s h i p are equ al ly fu n c t i on s of
t h e i n ter n a l o r g a n a nd p e rt ad e d by i t
I f yo u ask w h y a m I s o f o n d of wor s h i p as t o m a i n
62
t ai n it s p r act i ce an d ex pl ai n i t ? I m ay st o p t o e n q u i re why
are y o u s o a ve r s e t o i t ? t o s ay p r o o f s are wan t i n g
fo r im
p er s o n al wo r s h i p is q u i te i n c on s i s te n t
63 F o r p ro o fs t o t h at e ff e c t ab ou n d in t h e Uttar
58

y ou s ay

o a

as

an

'

T ap n zj

a,

r at

The

/m a , [ f at/20

m e th od

a n d j l l az z dn /ty a

Up a n zs /z a ds

b e e n m e n t i o n e d in
c on n ec t i o n w i t h q u i n t u pl i c ati o n i f y ou adm i t i t t o b e a m e an s
fo r t h e ac q ui s i t i o n of k n o w l e dg e I h a ve n o o b j ec t i on
I f you s ay n o on e h as e ve r p r ac ti se d t h e i n v i s i b l e
65
64

of

it s

p r ac t i ce

'

h as

P A NC H AD AS L

2 32

S el f A nd T h at am
th i s is th e way by wh i c h you sh oul d
wor s h i p h im
w
i
w
a
I
f
i
t
b
e
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ke
d
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th
e
d
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s
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ct
i
o
b
et
ee n k now
n
4
7
l e dg e and wo r sh i p ? T h e rep ly is
T here is p art i c ul ar dis
t i ncti on b et wee n t he m k nowl e dg e is depe n de n t on th e s ub s
t an ce th at is to b e k n own wh i l e wor s h i p is de p e n de n t on i nd i
v i du al de s i re
s
f
Fr
i
cri
m
i
n
a
ti
n
o
r
exe
r
c
i
e
o
j u dg m e n t is p ro
o
m
d
s
o
75
du C e d k n owl e dg e wh e n th at h as on c e b ee n c o n r m e d in s p i te
of di s i n cl i n at i o n o n t h e p ar t o f th e p e r s on i t c an n o t b e p re
v e n te d
W i th k n owl e dg e i l l u s i on of th e re al i ty of p h e nome na
is at on c e de s tr oye d
T h u s a th e osop h i s t is s u c ce ss ful in acc om pl i sh i ng
76
wh at h e was ab out an d att ai n s p er fec t c on te n t m e n t
H e is
"
del i v ere d in l i fe wai t i n g on ly for th e c on su mmat i on of h is
fru c te s ce n t work s
A per son of f ai th b el i e v i ng on th e R e al i ty of in stru c
77
t i on re c ei ve d fr o m a p re ce pt o r s h oul d al way s wi th du e dis rim i
n ati on an d j u dg m e n t e n q u i re afte r
an d b ec om e one wi th i t
b y c on c e n tr ati n g h is m i n d w i th e ar n e st atte n ti on
S o l ong as h e k nows n ot se l f t o b e n on d i st i n ct fr om
78
P A RAB RAH M A h e s h ou l d c o n st an tl y g i v e h i ms el f u p to m e d i t a
t i on ; and wh e n th at n on du al i ty h as b e e n r ml y e s t ab l i s h e d
t h ere is n o more n e c e s s i ty for th i nk i ng h e wi l l th e n b e free d
fr om de ath
A B ranmaelran wor s h i p p er of n on di s ti n cti on fr om
79
s el f wi th B RAH M A keep s th at n on du al i ty c on s t an tl y in m i n d
an d is e ng ag e d in be g g i n g for h is dai ly b re ad
80
T o wor s h i p in th i s way or n ot to wor s h i p or t o do
i t in any other m ann e r p r oce e ds fr om a per son s de s i re wh i c h
is it s extr aor d i n ary c au s e s o th at t o re mo ve th at wan t of d e s i re
w i l l make th e c urre n t o f th e i n ter n al or g an c on s t an tly as s u m e
t h e modi c ati on of B RAH M A
8r
A s a p er son s tu dy i ng th e Vedas fr om t h e h ab i t of
const ant stu dy b ereft of all doubt s and mi st ake s
in dre am
.

'

P A NC H AD AS I

2 33

l
e ng ag e d in th at stu dy ; or l i k e one e ng ag e d in re pe ati ng
th e sac re d text s fr om de s i re a wo r s h i p p er fr om th e f orce of
p r acti ce is e n g ag e d in m e di t at i on w h i l e in dre am
W h e n c on te n d i ng k n owl e dg e is c ure d an d a per son
82
is al way s e n g ag e d in t h i n k i n g of s el f in d re am al so b e ac
qu i re s th e h ab i t of me d i t at i on
8 3 E ve n d ur i n g th e c on s u m mati on of fruc te s c e n t work s
fr om a g ood de al of f ai th on e is ab l e to m e di t at e c on s t an tly
an d n o doub t s re mai n on th at s u bj ect
L i ke a woman f on d of ass oc i at i n g wi th h e r l ove r
84
th ou g h e ng ag e d in th e p erf or m an c e of h er h ou seh ol d dut i e s
is e ve r th i n k i ng of t as ti n g th e s w eet s of th at i l l i c i t i n terc our s e
85
A n d t h ou g h h er h ou seh ol d work s are n ot m an ag e d
q u ite i rre g ul arly y et they are on l y d on e i n a p erfu n ct ory man
a so is

ne r

86

L i ke

h ou se wi fe b u sy wi th h e r h ou seh ol d work th at
oth er wom an de s i r ou s of c ou rti n g
h e r l ov er s e mb r ac e can
n e ve r s h ow a s i m i l ar
atte n ti on o r or de r an d re g u l ar i ty i n
p erf o r m i n g h e r duti e s for she is wan ti ng in e arn e st n e s s :
87
S o is a per s on e n g ag e d in m e d i t ati on ab l e to k eep u p
a tr ace of th e o r di n ary p o pu l ar p r act i ce s
and a th e o sop h i st
is qu i te ab l e t o kee p u p w i th the m as th ey c annot de s tr oy or
aff ect h is k n owl e dg e in an y way
.

88

T he worl d is i l lu sory and s el f is i n tel l i g e n c e :

k n owl e dg e there is no an t ag on i s m to p o pul ar p r act i c e
.

in t h i s

A th e osop h i st k n owi ng th e u n re al i ty of th e worl d

s ti l l u s e s i t an d k n owi n g s el f t o b e i n tel l i g e n c e is yet e n g ag e d
n the u s u al m e an s of th at k n owle dg e as in u se amo n g me n
89

th e me an s to th at e nd m i nd wor d b ody an d
e x ter n al obj ect s h e c an n ot do away wi th c onseque n tly i t is
v e ry n atu r al t h at h e s h oul d b e u s i ng the m
90

B e c au s e

b y th i nk i ng h as h is mi nd free d fr om its
eve r c h an g i n g fu nc ti on is n ot a th e osop h i st h e is call e d a

me di t at or ; for in de ter mi ni ng th e natur e of e x ter nal obj e c t s

91

O n e wh o

234

P A NC H AD AS L

w h i c h are in

d ai ly

u se ,

as a

j ar etc
,

th e re

is

no n

e ce ss i ty

for

t h e m i n d s o rm
i t h t h e m an i fe s t at i o n o f t h e m e n t al fu n cti o n o n ce a
W
2
9
n ot A t ma w h o i s s e lf i l l u min at e d t o b e
a r i s k n o w n w h y is
j
d i s c o ve re d w i t h ou t t h e de s tructi o n o f t h e m i n d ?
i
b
e s ai d
ou g h B RAH M A j is s e l f i l l u m in at c d
If
t
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ye t
t
93
th e o w o f t h e m e n t a l fu n c ti o n d i recte d t o I t is c al l e d k n o w
l e dg e o f s e l f b u t t h at m o d i c ati o n of t h e m e n t al fu n ct i o n is
l i ab l e to d e s tructi o n e ve ry m o m e n t c o n se q ue n tly i t is n e ce s

a
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ry
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ly
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h o l ds e q u a l ly t rue i i i t h e c o g n i t i o n o f a j ar etc
n te l l ec t
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e
n
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t o c o g n i s e i t ag ai n ; an al og y wi l l dra w a s rm rl ar c o n c l u s i o n
w i t h re g ar d t o S e l f
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A
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9
e ve r m ay a t h e os op h i s t d e s i re h e is e n ab l e d t o c o n s i der or
m e d i t ate ; an d t o s ay w h a t an ot h e r h as i n m i n d
6
A
nd i f l i ke
rs h i
r a t h e o s o p h i s t e n g ag e d i n
a
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9
pp
me d i t at i o n f o r g et s t h e u s u al p r a c t i ce s i t is t h e n s ai d t o b e
p r o duc e d fr o m me d i t ati o n bec au s e k n ow l e dg e n e ver c re ate s
s uc h f o r g et f ul n e s s o f p o p u l a r p r ac t i c e s
depe n de n t
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o
97
p
o n h i s de s i re bec au s e e m a n c i p at i o n re s ul ts fro m k i ro n l e d g e a s
m e n t i o n e d in t i re S h as t ras o v er an d o ver
K n o wl e dg e p ro
d uce s n o n du al i ty
I f a t h e os op h i s t d oe s n o t be t ake to m e d i t ati on b u t
98
is e n g ag e d in t h e e x te r n al p r ac t i c e s o f m e n l e t h i m g o o n w rt h
t h e m ; fo r t h e re is n o i m p e d i m e n t to h i s b e i n g s o e n g ag e d
i n t h e da i ly r out i n e o f p r ac t i ce
I f for a t h e o s o p h i s t t o b e e n g ag e d w i t h worl dly p rac
99
ti c e s y o u s ay i m p ly e xc e s s o f att ac h m e n t t h e q u e st i o n i s
w h at d o o u c al l exce s s o f at t ac h m e n t ?
I f yo u r e f e r to t h e
y
s an ct i o n a n d p r o h i b i t i on o f S it ar/ r at
t h at doe s n ot ap p l y
m ak i ng

"

to h i m

2 36

P ANC H AD AS I

re g ar d to a th e osop h i st t h at as h e k nows th e u nre al i ty of th i s

m ater i al e x p an s e an d re al i ty of se l f an d h is n on d i s ti n c ti on i
f r o m B RA H M A h e h as n o th i n g l awful a n d u n l awful ; for t h at
s/m s
s an cti o n an d p r o h i b i t i on h as b ee n m e n t i on e d in th e S i m
an d n o rul e s h av e
on ly for th e g u i dan c e o f th e l e ss k n o wi n g
b ee n l ai d down e i th e r for th e os op h i s t s or th e i g n o r an t
A ny on e p os s e ss i n g t h e p o we r o f cu r s i n g an d bl e ss
1 08
in g an othe r [ so as t o m ak e th e m actu al l y c om e to p as s]
for th e ab i l i ty to
s h oul d n o t b e re g ar de d as a th e o s o p h i s t ;
is a re s ul t o f dev out an d r i g i d
c ur s e an d b l e ss e ffec tu al ly
aus te r i ti e s ( T ap aqy a )
1 09
N or s h al l k n owl e dg e b e c re di te d wi th p ower s l i k e
t h os e wh i c h th e s up re m el y w i s e V H S an d o th er s had for t h ey
A n d th at ( T ap asy a) de v o
are t h e r e s ul t o f dev ou t au ste ri t i e s
t i o n w h i c h c au s e s k no wl e dg e h as n o s uc h re sul t : k n owl e dg e
is it s [ o n ly ] p r oduct
1 10
O n e wh o h as ach i eve d su cce ss b oth in de v ou t au s
f e r i t i e s an d d e v ot i o n ( th e c au s e o f k n o w l e dg e ) g et s b oth th e
ab i l i ty o f cu r s i n g
as w el l as k n o w l e dg e ; oth er wi s e t h er e
e tc
d oe s n ot f ol l ow on e s e t o f re s ul t s fr o m on e s ort of p r act i ce
w h e n h e b e tak e S t o th e other for ac q u i ri n g S el f k n owle dg e
O n e e n g ag e d in p r act i s i n g t h e m e an s of k n owle dg e g et s on ly
k nowl e dg e as a r e s u l t
1 1 1
I f y ou s ay m e n c on f or m i n g t o n o san cti on e d p r ao
ti c e an d w i t h out any ab i l i ty are s p ok e n i l l of by as cet i c s
T h at is no t s o ve ry g r ave a c h ar g e i n as muc h a s m e n de v ote d
t o s e n s u al p l e as u re s s pe a k d i s p a r ag i n g ly o f as cet i c s th u s e ac h
i n tu r n is e q u a l ly a s ubj ec t o f re p r oac h fr o m t h e o t h e r
1 1 2
A n d t h os e s e n s u al i s t s rev i l e in th i s w i s e z I f as ceti c s
b e t ak e t o b e g g i n g fo r t h e s ak e o f e n j oy m e n t we ar th e u s u al
c l o t h i n g etc fo r t h e s ak e o f h ap p i n e s s h ow as t on i sh i n g l y
e x q u i s i te is t h ei r as c e t i c i s m ? I n de e d u n de r w e i h t of as cet i c i s m
g
h as t h e i r i n d i ff ere n ce t o w o rl dly e n j o y m e n t s succu m b e d l
1 13
I f yo u s ay t o b e th u s r e vi l e d by i g n or an t per s on s
c an b r i n g f o rt h no i n j u ry t o t h e m
i t ma
el
l
b
e
s ai d of a
a
s
w
y
,

P A N C H AD A S I

2 37

th e osoph i s t th at th e tre at me n t w h i c h h e meet s wi th at t h e

h an ds o f per s o n s wh o c ons i de r sel f t o b e th e i r ph y s i c al b ody
etc i s o f l i ttl e i mp o rt
1 14
I n t h i s way w i th out re movi ng exter n al o b j ect s as a
m e an s of k n o wl e dg e a t h e o s op h i s t is yet ab l e t o c arry on t h e
a k i ng
an d adm i n i s tr at o r o r th e u s u a l
o r d i n a ry d uti e s o f
p op ul ar p r ac ti ce s wi th out s u ffer i n g any detr i m e n t al e ffec t
I f i t b e al l e g e d afte r h av i ng d i sc ove re d al l m ate ri al
1 15
ob j ect s t o b e u n re al a w i s e p e r s on can h ave n o m o re de s i re fo r
th e m ; t h e re ply is ce rt ai n ly i t is so far true b ut fructe s ce n t
ac t i o n s e n g ag e h i m e i th er in m e di t ati on o r p r act i ce [ c ommo n
s l eep i n g an d th e re s t ] as h e l i ke s
amo n g s t m e n as e at i n g
1 16
A de v out wo r s h i p pe r s h oul d al way s bet ake t o m e d i
t at ion for l i ke att a i n i n g th e ab o de of Vii / mu th r o u g h m e d i t a
t i on h e h as b ec ome B R A H M A [ by h is k nowl e dg e of n on
d u al i ty ]
1 17
Wh at is c au s e d b y me di t at i on s h oul d n atur al ly b e
u n do n e by it s w an t ?
H e n c e a wor s h i p pe r s h oul d al way s m e
d i t ate b ut after a p e r s on h as k n own s el f t o b e n o o t h e r t h an
B RA H M A i f h e w ere t o ab an don t h e m e an s of k n owl e dg e t h at
woul d n ot de str oy i t
1 18
K n o w l e dg e is on ly for th e att ai n me n t of B RAH M A
( n ot its c au s e ) an d i t ass ure s a pe r son th at h e is s o ; t h eref o re
i n the ab s e n ce of k n ow l e dg e an d n on ex i s te n ce of k n ower
rm p e r s u as i on of t h e i de nt i ty of s e l f w i t h B RAH M A i s n ever
de s tr oye d
1 19
An d i f y ou re g ar d a w or s h i p pe r t o h ave ae c om
p l is h e d h is i de n t i ty w i t h t h e eter n al P A R A B R A H M A w h at p re ve n t s
y ou fr o m l ooki n g dul l an d i g n o r an t pe r s o n s as we l l t h e l ower
an i m al s fr o m an
equ al acc o mp l i s h m e n t of t h e i r i de n ti ty
wi t h I t ?
120
F o r in th e ab s e n ce of S el f k n owl e dg e b ot h are
e q u a l ly p l ace d s o far as e m an c i p ati o n g oe s A s t o b e g for
b re ad is b etter t h an s t ar v ati on s o i t is b ett e r t o have re c ours e
t o me di t at i on i n s t e ad of do m g no th i n g

23

AN C

AS L

H AD

I n s te ad of f ol l owi ng th e c ou r se of pr act i c e in v og ue
t h e i g n o r an t t o h a v e re c ou r s e t o th e u su al acti on s
am on g
an
b
ette
r
t
h
s an c t i on e d i n th e sac re d wr i t i n g s] is p refer ab l e
[
th at is th e for m of P er sonal wor s h i p an d I m per s on al wors h i p
is th e b e s t of al l
S o l on g as a p er son re ach es n ot th e port al of k n ow
1 22
l e dg e h is p r og r e ss i on g et s g r adu al l y ad v an ce d ; b u t I mp e rso
l e dg e an d
hal wo r s h i p is after war ds de v el op e d i n t o S el f kn ow
cou n te d as suc h
A s d ur i n g th e t i me of re ap i ng re sul t s a c on f or mab l e
1 23
mi s t ake can b e l ook ed u p on as c orrec t p r oof so is m atu re d
I mp e r s on al wo r s h i p equ al to Se l f k nowle dg e dur i ng e mane i
1

21

'

'

'

'

p a on

If you s ay a p er son i n c l i n e d t o a c on f or mab l e m is

t ake acc ompl i s h e s t h e de s i re d re s ul t by oth er p roof s w h at h ar m
is th ere for wor s h i p b ec om i n g a c au s e of S e l f k n owl e dg e b y
any o t h er p r oof dur i n g e m an c i p at i on ?
I f any s o rt of P e r son al wor s h i p or rec an ti n g s ac r ed
1 25
f or mul ae etc by c le ar i ng th e m i n d of all bl e m i s h e s l e ads
s e c o n dh an d
t o v i s i b l e k n owl e dg e an d t h ey
in di rec t ly
a re t h eref o re re g ar de d as it s c au s e
y et as a d i re c t c au s e of
k n owl e dg e I m per s on al wor sh i p has man y p o i n t s of p ar t i
1 24

C u l arity

T h at I m p er s on al wor s h i p w h e n m atu re d ul ti mately

l e ads to pr of ou n d m e d i t ati on h e n c e by pr of ou n d u n c on s c i ou s
m e di t ati on i t i s e as i ly att ai n ab l e
*
o
o
u
n
n
d u c on s c i ous m e di t at i on
A fte r t h at pr f
h as
1 27
b e en t h or o u g h l y pr ac ti s e d an d on e h as b ec om e p r o c i e n t in i t
th e re re mai n s on ly th e u nas soc i ate d I n te ll i g e n c e in t h e i n ter
1 26

W h en th e

c om e s to ce n t re a ll its t h oug h t s on t h e I m p a r
t i t e ( U n i ver s a l ) C o n s c i ou s n e s s a ft e r h a v i ng s ur m ou n t e d t h e fou r
o b s t a c l e s l i k e t h e u n ic k r in
g l i g h t o f a l a m p b y d ev out a n d p ro
f o u n d m e d i t a ti o n it I S call e d t he ( N i rv z lea l pa S a ma dh i ) U ncons ci
ou s m e d i t a t i on
m i nd

'

P A NC H AD AS I

: 40
s ay s t

t h e G il a
W h atever re sul t is ob t ai n ab l e fr om S ankhy a
is e q u al ly p r oduce d by Y og a ; th eref or e h e w h o k n ows th e m to

b e non d i s ti n ct is a re al k n owe r of th e p urp ort of th e S ina tra

v
h
p
V
a
C
5
(
1 35
N or is th e 0 2261 th e on ly auth or i ty for w e n d p r oo f s
t o th at e ffec t i n th e S r u t i z K n owl e dg e o f s el f is exp o u n de d
i n Y og a an d S an khy a P h il osop hy as a s ourc e o f e m an c i p ati on

H ere b o t h t h e S r u z z an d t he t wo ab o ve m e n ti on e d Sy s te m s
ag ree b ut i n m atte r s w h e re th ey d i s ag ree fr om t h e S r u t z
th ey
s h oul d n ot b e c o n s i der e d as p r o o f s
A p er s on u n s ucce ss fu l in m atur i n g wo r s h i p in h is
1 36
r
s e n t l i fe att ai n s t h e ab o d e o f B r a/27n d afte r de ath an d in a
e
p
*
fr o m S el f k n o wl e dg e
s ub s eque n t e m an c i p at i on

'

'

h oul d l ook up on its a l p h ab e t s re

s e n ti n
n t fr o m y ou rs e l f
f
re
t
h
e
SUPRE
M
E
RAH
A
be
n
o
n
d
i
f
e
r
e
B
M
t
o
g
p
a n d h a ve y our m e n t a l fu n ct i o n s o m o ul de d a fter i t t h a t i t m a y re
m a i n x e d o r i m p re s s e d t h e re
N o ot h e r m e d i t a ti on ca n e q u a l t h i s :
a n d i n h is w 0 k o n Q u z n t u l z c a t i o n S URE S W A R h a s p a rt ic u l a rl y
p
d eal t o n i t
T h o u g h m a n y of t h e Upa n i s h a ds t r e a t o n P r a n a b y e t
t h e M m z d u /aa h a s p a r ti c ul a r r e fe re n c e t o i t
a n d f ro m t h e a n n ot a
t i on s of t h e C om m e n t a t o r a s w ell a s t h os e of A N A N D A G I R I t h e s u b
j ect ha s b e e n cl e a rl y e xpl a i n e d Va r t ika r a [ SU RE SW A R A C H A R Y A ]
h as a l s o a dop t e d t h e s a m e m et h od in h is wo rk o n Q u z n t u pl z ca t i on
M e d i t a t i n g o n t h e m y s t ic Om c a n be do n e in t wo w a y s ac c o r d
ing t o t h e Up a n i s h a ds ; on e is t o i de n tif y i t w i t h t h e S UPRE M E
B RAH M A a u d t h u s t o r e fl e c t a n d m e d i t a te p r o fo u n dl y on t h a t a b s
t r a ct c on d i ti on o f i m per s on a l i t y w h ic h is d e v o i d of q u a l i ti e s
T he
o t h e r is t o m e d it a te o n B R A H M A w i t h q u al i t i e s
N ow
( per s on a l )
t h e I m per s o n a l B RAH M A is c a ll e d t h e S UPRE M E B RA H M A w h ile t h a t
o t h er is c a lle d t h e ( P e r s o n a l
) B RAH M A w i t h q u a l i ti e s ; a n d on e
e n a e d in t h e r s t s o rt o f d e v oti o n obt a i n s
rele a s e w h i l e t o t h e
g g
f oll o w e r of t h e s ec on d m et h od ca n a cc rue t h e a b ode of B ra h m d
T h u s t h e n we n d m e d i t a t i o n o f 0 m f ro m a d i ff e r e n c e in t h e
m et h od a n d s ub j e c t o f w or s h i
l d e d i n t o t wo s o rt s
of wh i c h
p is l
t h e I m p e r s on al a l on e Wl l l b e c on s i de re d h e r e

0 m is B R A H M A ,

and

y ou s

'

PA N C

H A D AS I

24 1

W h ateve r i de as t ak e h o l d of a dy i n g per son s m i n d

for c on e e n
afte r d e at h h e ass u m e s t h at c on di t i o n ac c o r d i n g ly
t rat io n o f m i n d i n v ar i ab l y p r oduce s t h e re s ul t of s i m i l ari ty o f
c on d i ti on
f
n d i v i du al is deter m i n e d b y h is
T
h
e
future
l
i
fe
th
e
i
o
1 8
3
g ood or b ad t h ou g h t s d ur i n g h is l ast m o m e n t s ; i f th at b e
c ert ai n i t is n atur al to i n fer t h at l i k e a wo r sh i pp er ce n ter i n g h is
e as t t h o u g h t s o n t h i s P er so n al wor s h i p h av i n g h is m i n d m oul d
e d after H i m
t h e f ol l o we r o f I m per sonal wor s h i p h as h is
k nowle dg e m oul de d afte r th e I m pe r s on al B RA HM A
1 39
E man c i p at i on an d att ai n m e n t of B RA H M A are on l y
a d i ff e re n c e in n a m e ; o t h e r w i s e b o t h h ave for thei r s ig n i c a
t i on de l i ve r an ce and l i k e c on f or m ab l e m i s t ak e are e q u al ly
p r oducti ve o f re s ul t
1 40
T h ou g h I m per s on al wor s h i p is a v ar i e ty of me n t al
act i on an d n ot a d i rec t c au s e of e m an c i p ati on yet i t l e ads t o
k n o wl e dg e by w h i c h i g n or an c e is r e m o ve d ; as m e di t at i on of
B e n are s ( wh i c h i t s el f is n ot free ) p r oduce s k n owl e dg e of
B RA H M A
1 41
I n th e T ap am y a Up an ish a d is th u s m e n t i on e d e m an
Wi t h
c ip at io n p r o duce d as a re s ul t o f I m per s o n al w o r s h i p z
d e s i re w i th out de s i re wi t hout b ody w i t h out s e n se s wi th ou t
1 37

'

'

w o r s h i p per s of t h e p e r s on al cr e a t or a re a ctu a t e d w it h a
F or
de s i r e o f e n j o y i n g t he fr u i t o f t h e i r d ev o t i on a n d t h is t h ey g e t
b y i n h eri t i n g t h e bl i ss ful a b ode of B RAH M A ; a n d a s t h a t v e ry
d e s i re s t a n ds a n ob s t a cle in t h e w ay o f i m p er s o na l dev oti on
t h e y a re p rev e n te d f rom ac q u i ri n g t h e n e c e s s a ry k n ow le dg e a n d
t h e r e fore s ub j e c t e d t o b on da g e a n d n e v e r fr e e d N ow w h il e
a n d s h a ri n g a ll e n j oy
t
h
e
bl
i
a b od e o f B ra /m i d
e n o i n i ng
s s fu l
j
m e n t s e q u a l l y w i t h H i r a ny ag a r b h a i f t h e i n d i v i d u a i a c q u i r e s
k n owl e dg e h e m a y y e t b e f ree d B u t t h os e wh o h a ve n o de s i re of
i n h e t in g t h e B r a h m a l oka a cq u i re k n ow le dg e h e re a n d a re fr e ed
T h u s t h e n t h e re s u lt s of t h e P er so n a l wor s h i p are i nclu de d in t h e
I m p e r s on a l Vz ch a r s ag a r pp 1 9 9 2 00
,

th e

PA NC H AD AS i

24 2

fe ar
wor s h i p

of

i ndi c at i ons

are the

any

e manc i p at i on

I mp ersonal

in

A c c or ding to th e s tr e n g t h of worsh i p is p r odu ce d

k nowl e dg e th e c au s e o f e man c i p at i on
Th eref o re , wi t h ou t

k nowle dg e th ere are n o ot h e r m e ans of e man c i p at i on as

me n ti one d in th e S h astras i m p l i e s n o an t ag on i s m to wor s h i p
1 43
F or th i s p u rp os e i t is s ai d W or s h i p w i t h out any

de s i re of re ap i n g its re s ul t p r oduce s e m anc i p at i o n ( T ap an gya )

"
A n d wor s h i p w i t h de s i re l e ads to t he ab ode of trut h
142

'

)
a
s
/
z
a
d
n
a
l
o
z
P
s
m
r
(
p
e wh o wo r s h i ps 0m wi th
14
O
n
4

de s i r e

of

b e i ng b e n e
o f B r a/27n d
w
h
e
re
after
ac qu i r i n
att ai n s t h e ab ode
ed
t

g
S e lf k n owl e dg e he is rele as e d w i th its k i n g at t h e e n d of
.

T he S af ira/z a S u tras

S u fr a
( C h apt [ V p
X V) m e n t i on t h e a tt ai n m e n t of the ab ode of B rah ma as a
w
re s u l t of P er s on al
f
t
h
r
h
i
p
cc
r
i
th
e
e
i
re
o
s
a
d
n
d
o
o
t
o
s
e
g
,
ind i v idu al :
1 46
Fr om t h e f or c e of I m pe r sonal W or s h i p afte r re ac h
ing t here h e acqu i re s S e l f k h o wl e dg e t o b e rel e as ed w i t h
,

B
alzmd wh e n h is t i me c o m e s at th e ex p i ry of t h e K a l d
r
,
p
1 47
Wo r s h i p of 072: h as e very wh ere b ee n de s c r i b e d as
I n s om e p l ace s i t is sai d t o b e P er son al
al mos t I m per s o n al
and t h e i r re s ul t s h ave t h u s b ee n as cer t ai n e d
1 4 5.

1 48

0 772 is

th e pr oof on wh i c h re s t s b ot h P e r sonal and

I mper son al f or ms o f wor s h i p T h i s was th e i n s truct i on g i v e n
t o M AH A KA M by P I P L A D A in re p ly to h is q ue s t i o n
1 49
T h u s k n o wi ng 0m to be th e p r o p wh ateve r wor s h i p
a p er so n u n dert ake s e i t h er o f t h e P e r s on al or I m per so nal
Ig u a na h e g e t s ,re s u l ts acc or ding to his de s i re ; so said Y ama
.

to

Nac n rx ar a

A d ay a n d n i g h t of B ra h ma, a peri od of
S ol a rsy de re al y e ars o f m ort a l s , m e as ur i ng t h e d ur a t i on of t h e
"
worl d , a n d a s m a n y , t h e i n ter va l of it s an n i h i l a t i on
W 1 L S ON

P A NC H AD A S L

2 44

l t z H av i ng th orou g h l y u nder st ood

th e p re se n t tre at i se who keep s i t con st an tl y p re se n t in h is
m i nd is free d fr om al l dou bt s an d is del i v ere d fr om m ete m
i
se l f
o
f
n
s
h
i

y
c
i
c
t
i
t
t
i
e
e
c
t
i
o
s
s
o
r
h
a
n
m
o
t
d
s
o
n
s
e
a
a
n
d
r
n
o
p
1

58

N ow for th e

r su

S E C T I ON X

f mance
I LLU S OR Y attri but i on and its wi th dr awal are n ow b e i ng i ntr o
du ce d in ope n i ng th e pre s e n t tre at i s e w i th th e v i e w of hel p i ng
th e c om pre h e n s i on of s el f an d e n ab l i ng a pup i l e as i ly t o ac
qu i re th at k nowl e dg e P ri or t o th e e v ol ut i on of th e worl d
t h ere ex i ste d th e on e an d se con dl e s s S up re me Sel f ful l of
b l i ss O u t of h is de s i re cre ate d H e th e wor l d wi th I ll aya
an d e n tere d e ach i n d i v i du al in th e f or m of f ir m
2
C re ate d H e th e s up er i or b odi e s of D evas an d e n ter
in g the m h i ms e l f b ec ame D eva ; in th e s ame way did h e
c re ate th e me an an d worth l e ss b odi e s of i mag e s and e nter i ng
th e m b ec ame t he i r wor s h i pp er ou t of i g n or an ce
3 A fter h av i n g b ee n e n g ag e d in s ever al p r i or b i r th s t i l l
de ath in wor s h i p a p er s on b e g et s an i n c l i n at i on for Sel f
k n owl e dg e ; sub seque n tly b y d i s c r i mi nat i on an d exerc i s e of
j u dg m e n t wh e n s p i ri tu al i g nor an c e ab ou t th e re al i ty of
p h e n om e n a an d att ac h me n t to m u n dan e e n j oy me n t s is
d e s tr oy e d an d as so c i ate s re m ove d he k n ows s el f to b e p ure
an d eter n al an d th u s ab i de s h is t i m e
T h e S up re m e Sel f is se con dl e s s an d b l i ssful b ut to
4
c on s i de r other wi se an d to re g ar d h im as subj ect t o g r i ef an d
m i sery is c al l e d b on dag e ; an d t o re st on h is re al n ature is
c al l e d e man c i p at i on
W an t of d i s cr i m i n at i on c au s i ng th e b on dag e in se l f is
5
re move d by di s cr i m i n at i on T h eref ore i t is i m p er ati vely n e
c e s sary al way s t o reec t on t h e p o i n t s of re s e mb l an c e and
d i ffere n ce b et wee n f irm an d P aramal ma
6
A p art fr om t h e b ody an d or g an s of se nse an d ac t i on
f l e a for h is ce n ce it of e g o i sm is th e l i ter al s i g n i c at i on of I

am I
th e ag e n t or i n stru me n t ; an d m i n d is his i n stru me n t
of ac ti on
A ct i ons p r odu ce d by t h e i nter nal or e x ter nal fu nc
t i ons are all h is
'

I Z Z u s/ral zon by

'

'

com ar zs zon

Io

'

T eal rzcal P

er or

2 46

P A NC H AD AS I

n
n
al
Th
e
i
ter
fu n cti on m odi e d i n t o
I am I
7
ex pre sse s th e ag e n t or i ns tr u me n t A n d t h e exter n al modi

cation of th i s d i s c ove r s al l p h e n om e n a

S ubj ect s of exter n al k n owl e dg e are c h ar ac ter i se d wi th

d i s t i n ct p r o perti e s : for i n st an c e s m e l l f o r m t aste sou n d
e ac h of th e m we h ave ve
an d t ouch ; an d for p e rce i v i ng
w h i c h are c al l e d i n s tru me n t s of
o r g an s o f exter n al s e n s e
act i on ac c o r d i n g ly
N ow th e w i t n e ss i ng I n tel l i g e n c e or S up re me Se l f is
9
t h e di sc o verer of f irm as an ag e n t m e n t al act i on and of th e
ve p r op er ti e s of obj ect s ab ove me n t i on e d at on e t i me
.

th e l i g h t of a th e atre d i sc ove r s e qu al ly th e p ro
p rie t or dan c i n g g i rl s ac t or s an d s pect at o r s w h o h av e ass e m
b l e d t o w i t n e ss a p erf o r m an ce ; an d wh e n n on e of th e m are
t h ere th e l i g h t b u r n s an d i l l u m i n ate s i t s el f :
I O

As

h e ari n g s m e l l t aste and t ou c h ; an d

e g o i sm fu n ct i on of i n te l l ect and p h e n om e n a a re i l l u mi nate d
c oet an eo u sly b y th e l i g h t of W i t n e ssi n g I n tel l i g e n c e ;
A n d in the i r ab se n ce
i t b ur n s i n te n sely an d is as
1 2
co n s p ic u o u s as b e f or e
13
Fr om th e i n c e s s an t re s p l e n de n cy of th e l i g h t of
U n if o r m I n te l l i g en c e t h e i n d i v i du a l i n te l l ec t dr aws its p ower s
o f d i s c overy an d ass u m e s seve r al m od i c ati on s j u s t as dan c i n g
i
s eve r al atti tu de s to mak e i t mor e
i
r
l
t
h
r
w
th
e
i
r

ure
n
s
o
s
g
g
attr acti ve
A n d th e p art i cul ar d i st i n ct i on is t h is z E g o i sm is
14
th e h ou seh ol der ; ob j ec t s re se m b l e t h e au di e n ce ; i n tel l e c t
w i t n e s s i n g i n te l l i g e n c e
l ig h t
dazz seu se ; s e n s e s m u s i c i an s ;
Suc h a t he atre is t for th e i n tel l ec t t o dan ce in
i t

So

ig ht

t h e l i g h t i n th e th e atre th ou g h c on n e d in one
S p o t i l l u m i n ate s t h e wh ol e p l ace equ al l y so th e W i t n e ss i n g
I n te l l i g e n ce t h ou g h r e s t i n g q ui e tly d i sc ov er s i n ter nal ly an d
exter n al l y at t h e s am e t i me
16
h av e refe re nc e t o the
( I nt e r n al an d exter nal
1

As

'

2 48

P AN C H A D A S L

I t m ay b e c on te n de d s i n ce Se l f is b ey on d th e re ach
C e as e
o f wor d an d t h ou g h t h ow i s h e th e n t o b e g r as pe d ?
D i s c ri m i n at i o n o f t h e R e al i ty of Sel f an d
do i n g i t t h e n
u n re al i ty o f t h e m at e i ial u n i v e r s e re m o ve s t h e p ercep ti on of
its b ei n g s o m e t h i n g t an g i b l e ; a n d w h e n i t h as ce as e d t o
e x i s t t o al l i n te n t s an d p u rp o se s t h e n as th e re s i due of its
d e s truc t i on S e l f is m an i fe ste d in t h e f or m of truth and thu s
c ont i n ue s t o sub s i s t
25
N o p r oof s are n ece s sary to m ak e S e l f vis ib l e for h e
i s s el f i l l u m i n ate d
A n d i f p r oof s b e n ee de d t o h el p th e
i n tel l ec t rep ai r t o a p r ofe ssor an d r ece i v e i n struct i on fr om
h im in t h e S r u l z
26
H av i n g in t h e af o re sai d m an n e r t au g h t th e me an s
of d i s c r i m i n at i n g Sel f t o a s u p eri o rl y q u al i e d per s on an oth er
m eth od is n ow b e i n g p o i n te d ou t for th e b e n et of oth er s
wh o are i n c ap ab l e o f p r ac ti s i n g it T h os e u n ab l e t o c as t
away m ate r i al
p er cep t i on s s h oul d t ak e p r otecti on o f th e i r
i n tel l ect B ec au s e aS t hrou g h t h at i n te l l ec t al l o bj ec t s b ot h
exter n al an d i n ter n al are k n ow n an d e Sup re m e Sel f as
th e i r w i t n e s s is dep e n de n t on i t theref or e is h e t o b e i n ferre d
as su c h wi t n e ss
'

24.

'

'

S E C TI ON XI

( a)

Y og

arz an aa .

w
o
f
o
ng
d
W
I
H
v
i
e
p
r
uc
i
a
n i n c l i nat i on in th e
i
t
e
h
u
l
o
t
T
p
[
p
its i m p ort an c e is t h u s s e t f orth ] I s h al l
s tu dy t h e work
n ow s pe ak of B RAH M A I C fel ic i ty wh i c h bei ng k n ow n a pe r s o n
as they are b as e d on ig n o r an c e
ab an don s al l wo rk s
an d
exp er i e n ce s h ap p i n e ss by b ec om i ng B RA H M A
2
k nowl e dg e
T o de m on s tr ate the truth of t h e asser ti on
o f B RAH M A d e s tr oy s i g nor an ce t og et h er w i th it s p r oduc t t h e

pr ocu re s e man c i p ati on

an d
t h e aut h o r
o bj ect i ve worl d
q u ote s t wo text s fr om th e T a z fer gy a Up an is /z ad A k nowe r of

B RAH M A att ai n s t h e Supre m e B RAH M A

A k nO We r of Sel f

s ur mou n t s al l g r i ef
A n d e xp l ai n s th e m in th e f o l l ow i n g
w i se : O n e w h o k n ows B RA HM A acqu i re s the su p re m e b l i ss
ful n e s s of B RAH M A ; an d o n e wh o k n ows Sel f t o b e i n ni te
s ur mo u n t s al l g r i ef , i n as m uc h as an y i l l b ef al l i n g
on e co n
I f i t b e c on te n de d th e wor d
n e cte d to h im f ai l s t o a e ct h im

Supre me B RAH M A in t h e r s t p as sag e c an not h av e for its sig n i

cat ion fel ic i ty b ut th at i t e xp re ss e s s e c o n dl e ss n e s s : there for e
t o re m ov e s uc h a m i sap p re he n s i on i t is s ai d B R AH M AD as Sel f is
th e e ss e nce and a th e os oph i s t k n owi n g h is on e n e ss w i th I t
e x p er i e n ce s h app i ne ss an d save th i s k nowl e dg e th ere are no
o the r m e an s c ap ab l e of p r odu c i n g i t
Wh
e
n a th e osop h is t re s t s on th e S u p re m e
Sel
f
k
n ow
3
in g h im t o b e n on di s t i nc t fr om h is i n d i v idu a l S el f h is fe ar s
'

'

'

'

'

f oll ow i n g t re a ti
exp l
t ry
f e l ici t y for w h i ch t h e y h a ve bee n l a i d d own a s s o m a ny c h a p ter s

N ow t h e f e l ici t y w h i c h a r i s e s f rom
B r ah m an a n da
o f on e b ook
is a l s o i nclu de d in i t a n d
c on ce n tr a ti on of t h e m i n d ( Yog a)
t h i s is t h e s ub j e ct of t h e p res e n t w or k I t is p r op er h ere t o
t h e a ut h or s cl a s s ic at i on we
o b s e rv e t h a t i ns t e a d of f oll ow i n g
w ou l d g o o n w i t h t h e s er i a l n u m ber of t h e S e ct i on s o t h er wi s e
t h e P an ck adas i ( c omp ose d of fte en wor ks woul d b e i nc omp l e t e
9*

s e s a re a l l

T he v e

a na o

of

~
R
B A H M A1 C

hAN t H A D A S i ;

5o

e ase ; an d one who doe s n ot b u t be l i e v e s the mto be dig i

ti n ct is s ubj ec t to fe ar
N o t w i t h s t an d i n g t he pr act i c e o f rel i g i ou s O b s erv an ce s
4
an d m er i t o r i o u s wo r k s i n a p r
i o r s tate o f e x i s te n c e t h i s
k n o w l e dg e o f d i s ti n c ti on ( du al i ty ) h as b e en t he c au s e o f fe ar ;
and fo r t h at fe ar o f B rah ma A ir
S u n F i re and D e at h are
e ng ag e d in th e i r s e ve r al s ph ere s
A fte r t h e c og n i t i on o f th e fel ic it y of B x A H M A a
5
p e r so n is n o m o re aff ec te d w i t h an y f ear s C o ncer n i n g t h e
p re s e n t or futu re F or a th e osop h i s t is n e ve r d i s tre sse d Wi t h
t h ou g h t s o f g ood act i ons l eft undon e an d b ad dee ds do n e
l i k e t h e c om m on ru n of h u mani ty ; [ i n as m uc h as h e k n o ws
S e l f t o b e act i o nl e s s and n o doe r o r e n j oy e r ]
6
A b an don i n g wo rk s g ood and b ad s uc h a th e osop h i s t
r e me mb er i n g h is n on d i ffere n c e w i th B RA H M K is a l way s e n
g ag e d i n m e d i t at i n g o n S e l f an d ac ti o n s ( g ood an d b ad) do n e
l
a n d l ooke d u p on as S e l f f
V i s i bl e k n owl e dg e of th e S u p re me f Se l f d e s tr oy s
7
al l m al ad i es o f t h e
i n te r nal org an c l e ar s away doub t s an d
ex ti n g u i s h e s g ood an d b ad wo rk s
8
A n d for s u r m o u n ti n g de ath th ere is no o t h e r m e an s
sav e t h e k n o wl e dg e th at e ac h i n d i v i du al S el f is B RAH M A ; it
we ake n s t h e fetter s p as s i on s an d de si re s r e move s mis e r y
an d preve n t s m ete m p sy c h os i s
c

'

'

'

'

ct i on s r e g a r de d a s s el f ? W h e n v i rtue and v i c e
t h e y ca n nd
o f m eri t a n d d e m e r i t h a ve e q u a ll y b e e n d i s c a r d e d
m o re c a u s e a n y p a i n ; m o re o ve r w or k s a re t h e re s ul t o f t he
h
y
s i cal b ody w i t h i t s o rg a n s o f a ct i on a n d s e n s e a n d a t h e oso
p

a t e v e r is is s e l f
s o t ha t
ee
h
F
or
w
h
s s e lf ever y wh ere
i
s
t
s
p
for w a n t o f d i s t i nct i on be t wee n h im a n d wot k s t h e y are re g a r de d
one w i t h h im

1 T he wo rd Sup re m e n e e d n ot un n ec es s a ril y cre a t e a n

a n t h rO p om orp l i ic d e i t y w h a t i t is ve r y a p t t o s i g n i f y
w h a t is
s ou g h t t o b e c o n v e y e d is th e i n n i te
s u p er i or i t y of se l f ove r
5*

o w a re a

'

H i ra ny ag

a r b h a , e t c.

P AN C l l A D A S l

2 52

e t c onseq u e ntl y after ab andon i n g th e m b l i ssfu l ness was

as cert ai n e d t o b e B RA H M A
I f i t b e aske d h o w did B H RI GU c on n e c t b l i ss ful ne ss
13
w i th th e i n di c at i on of B RAH M A ? T h e r ep l y is i n asm uc h as
all c re ature s o we t h e i r ex i s te n c e t o t h e g r ati c ati on o f s exu al
m e an s of
ap peti te an d afte r b e i n g b o r n c on ti n ue t o l i ve by
t e mp or al e nj oy me n t s in t h e s h ape of f ood etc and i n de ath
e nte r i n t o a c on d i ti on o f b l i ss ful n e s s r e s e mb l i n g t h at of
p r of o u n d s l u mb e r th ere f or e b l i s s ful n e ss is B RAH M A
14
[ T h i s is furth er c orr o b o r ate d b y a p ass i n g r efere n c e
to
t h e c on ve r s at i on of S A N A I K U M A R an d N ARAD ( Vz a e
C lz /z an aog y a Up an ish ad C h ap
P r i or t o t h e e v ol ut i on
o f th e e l e m e n t s
an d t h ei r p r o duct s v i vi p ar o u s
o v i p ar ou s
k n ow l e dg e an d t h e
e tc
an d t h e th reef ol d e n t i ti e s k n owe r
o bj ec t t o b e k n o wn th ere ex i s te d th e S up re m e S e l f u n l i m i te d

b y t i me an d p l ac e
i n fi n i te
A n d in P ra l ay a t h e y
k n owe r ( i n ter n al o r g an ) k n owl e dg e ( m odi c at i on o f th e
m i n d) an d t h e obj ec t of c og n i t i on ( j ar
are ab s e n t
T h e c og n i t i on al s h e at h i s t h e k n o we r ; th e m e n t al
15
k nowl e dg e ; an d s ou n d f or m e tc are s ubj ect s of c og n i ti on
T h ey did n ot e xi s t p r i o r t o t h e e v o l ut i on of t h e u n i ver s e

[ T h at is t o s ay 3 z va w i th h is asso c i ate of i n tel lec t f or m i ng

is th e
t he c og n i ti onal s h e at h de ri ve d fr o m t h e S up re m e S el f
k n owe r ; t h e m e n t al s h e at h is k n o wl e dg e ; an d s ou n d f or m
t as te s mel l an d t ou c h are t h e w e l l k no wn p r o p erti e s b y
w h i c h ob j e c t s are k n own al l th e s e b e i n g p r oduct s c ou l d n ot
ex i st p r i or t o th e c au se fr om wh i c h th ey are der i ve d and
fr om th at c au se th e S up re m e S e l f t h ey are n ot di s t i n c t
T h u s in t h e ab s e n ce of t h e t h ree e nt i ti e s ( k n owe r
16
t h e se c on dl e s s S upre m e S el f is p erfect
u n l i m i te d
b y t i me an d p l ace ] an d t h i s is e asy to u n der s t an d W h e n is
H e ex pe r i e n ce d ? I n p r of o u n d u n c on s c i ou s m e di t at i on
f ai n t i ng s woon th at Sel f is
an d
in
d re am l e ss s l u mb e r
e xper i e nc e d as se con dl e ss [T o a t h e osop h i s t acc u st ome d t o
p r ac t i se u nc onsc i ou s me di t at i on and to t h e g e ner al i ty of me n
r s

'

'

P A N C H A D AS I

2 53

p r of ou nd s l u mbe r and f ai nt i n g ts are tr i te ex ample s F or

after rec over i n g
c on s c i ou s n e ss th e c omm on exper i e n c e is
ab se n ce o f rec o l l ect i on of w h at p as s e d i n th e i n te r i m ; and
th at rec ol l ecti on of t h e t ot al d i s ap pe ar an c e of p he nome na
p r oc ee ds fr om th e ab i di ng I n tel l i g e n ce or c on sc i ou s n e ss wh i c h
i s n o othe r b ut B RAH M A t h e S up re m e S el f
I n th e s am e way
in th e t w i l i g ht of c re ati on p r i or t o th e ev ol ut i on of th e
el e m e n t s and th e i r p r oduct s as th e re was n oth i ng t o l i m i t
I t is th eref o re s ai d to b e p er fec t ]
1 7
[ I f i t b e c on te n de d B RAH M A m ay b e perfe c t and

i n n i te b ut th at doe s n ot i mp l y s up re m e fel i c i ty ; to c l e ar suc h

a m i s ap p reh e n s i on i t is s ai d W h at is p er fec t i s ful l of b l i ss
an d n o h ap pi n e s s is t o b e f ou n d in w h at is n i te an d l i m i te d
by th e th ree di s t i n ct i on s of k n ower k n o wl e dg e an d th e o bj ec t
as B RA H M A i s s e con dl e s s
I t is ful l
t o b e k n ow n ; th eref o re
S o S p ok e S A N A T KU M A R to N ARAD wh e n h e c ame t o
of b l i ss
e nqu i re of S e lf k n owl e dg e to re mov e h is ex tre me u n
h app i n e ss
.

T h ou g h N ARAD was we l l re ad in t h e P a rew ar Vedas

an d th e oth er S /z asl rar yet was h e d ev o i d of S el f k n owl e dg e
c on seque n tly fel t v ery m i ser ab l e ( C /z an dog y a Up amiraaa
C h ap ter V I I )
1

tu dy i ng th e Vedas h e was worri e d

f
m
s
i
th
the
th
ree
v
a
r
i
eti
e
o
i
e
ry
p er s on al acc i de n t al an d
w
s
el e me nt ary b u t s ub seque n tly in addi t i on t o t h e m t h e p ai n
be s i de s
atte n di ng stu dy an d t h e mort i cat ion of f or g etful n e s s
an d th e feel i n g of p r i de
c e n sure fr om on e super i or in l e ar n i n g
t owar ds h is i n fer i or al l th e se c ome for h is s h are
1

P rev i ou s t o h is

Th e n h e rep ai re d t o th e sag e S AN AT KU M AR an d sai d

I am extre mely m i s er abl e do i m p art m e th e
B li ag avan

A nd th e
n ece ssary i n stru ct i on th at I m ay s u r m ou n t al l g r i ef

s ag e rep l i e d
H ap p i n e s s is th e on ly re m e dy
20

I nasmu c h as worl dl y e nj oy m e n t s are c ov er e d wi t h

th ou sand mi ser i e s it is p rope r to re g ar d th e m as su c h ; ther e
21

P A N C H A D AS I

2 54

f o re wh at h as al re ady b ee n sai d ab out ni te sub st an c e s con

t ai n i n g n o h app i n e ss h ol ds true
I f i t b e c on te n de d m ater i al obj e ct s as t h ey are n i te
22
m ay b e de v oi d o f h app i n e ss b ut t h e se con dl e s s R e al i t y i s al s o
c on di ti on e d ; i f i t we re o t h e r w i s e o n e s h oul d h ave
s i m i l arly
ex pe r i e n ce d t h at fel i c i ty an d s i nc e s uc h ex peri e n ce is wan t i ng
i t c an n o t b e pre se n t T he n ag ai n t h e adm i ss i on of its
e x per i e n c e i n v ol ve s d u al i ty for t h e re m u s t b e a k n o we r t o
e x p er i e n c e fel i c i ty an d th e subj ect o f k n o w l e dg e T h u s wi l l
d u al ity b e e s t ab l i s h e d an t ag on i st i c t o th e se con dl e ss n on
du al B RA H M A an d i n j ur i ou s t o It
n dl e ss is n ot
t
h
i
t
h
e
re
p
l
i
e
T
he
23
T
o
s
s
s
e
o
c
]
[
th e s e at of b u t h ap p i n e ss i t se l f T h e s ame c au s e w h i c h
m ake s t h e s e con dl e s s h ap p i n e s s p r e v e n t s i t al s o fr om b ei n g
i t s s e at o r r ec ept ac l e
I f p r oof s b e w an te d t h ey are n ot
n ece s s ary b ec au s e B RA H M A i s s el f i l l u m i n at e d
24
A n d re g ar d i n g t h e s e l fm an ife s t i b il ity of B RAH M A
I adm i t y ou r wo r ds as p r oof i n as m uc h as y ou c on fe ss th e
s e con dl e s s n e s s b ut c on te n d o n ly for an ab s e n c e o f fel i c i ty
If y ou s ay you n eve r i n te n de d t o adm i t t h e s ec on d
25
l e ss B RAH M A b u t s i mpl y re fe rre d t o o u r w or ds to adv an c e
o b j e ct i o n s ag ai n s t th e m ; th e n s ay w h at e x i s te d p ri or t o th e
e v ol ut i on of th i s v as t m ate r i al ex p an se ?
W h et h e r in th at p r i o r c on di ti on th ere ex i s te d th e
26
B RAH M A o r t h e obj ec ti ve wo rl d or s om eth i n g
s e co n dl e s s
d i ffere n t fr o m b ot h ? N o w s om et h i n g d i ffe re n t fr om du al i ty
an d n on du al i ty is i n adm i s s i b l e fo r i t ex i s t s n owh e re
D u al i ty
c oul d n ot e x i st p ri o r t o th e s e con dl e ss B RA H M A as th at h ad n ot
y et b ee n u s h e re d i n t o ex i s te n ce c on s eque n tly y ou are f or c e d
t o f al l b ac k u p o n th e se c on dl e ss
27
If you s ay th i s on ly e st ab l i s h e s th e s e con dl e ss
B RAH M A an al og i c al ly an d n ot by i n fe re n c e
M ay I t h e n
e nq u i re of you wh et h e r y ou c al l t h at to b e an ar g u me n t b ase d
o n re ason an d an al o y wh i c h is wi th or wi th ou t i ll u str at i on ?
g
T h ere doe s not ex i st a th i r d f or m
.

2 56

P A NC i i AD A S i

t h e re is no h app i ne ss Su ch a c on te nt i on is u nt en ab le an d
e xt remely o p p ose d to p r of ou n d s l u m b er t he s ubj e c t of
d i sp u te
6
P re se n c e of h ap p i n e ss an d ab se n c e o f m i s ery can b e
3
i n ferre d fr om t h e ap p e ar an c e o f a p e r s on T h e u s u al mark s
b y w h i c h o ne o r t h e ot h e r o r b ot h are m ade ou t are too w el f
k n own s o th at th e f ac e m ay p r op er ly b e r e g ar de d as th e i n de x
o f w h at a m an h as for h is s h ar e ;
b ut s o far as st on e s are
c on cer n e d fr om an ab s e n ce of t h e u s u al s i g n s by w h i c h h ap p i
n e ss or it s r e ver s e c a n b e t r ace d i t is i m p os s i bl e t o c on cl u de
t h at m i s ery on ly i s w an ti n g i n t he m
I n di v i du al h ap p i n e s s an d m i sery are a m atte r of
37
p er s on al e xpe r i e n c e an d t h ey c ann ot b e i n fere n t i al ly k n own
b ut l i k e th ei r p re s e n c e k n own fr om ex p er i e n ce t h e i r ab se n c e
i s k n o wn t oo
Thu s th e n l i ke th e p erce pt i on o f h ap pi n e s s wan t of
38
m i sery in p r of ou n d s l u m b e r is l i ke w i s e e s t ab l i s h e d fr om t h e
s ame s our c e ( ex pe r i e n c e ) ; an d for s u c h ab se n c e of m i se ry
it
mu s t b e admi tte d as a c on di t i on o f u n i n ter ru pte d fel i c i ty
a
n di ti on of p r of ou n d s l u m b e r w ere n ot one
o
I
f
th
t
c
39
of fel i c i ty wh at n ece ss i ty wo ul d th ere b e t o u n de r g o tr oub l e
an d e xp e n se for m ak i n g th e b e d s oft n e at an d ti dy to i n du c e
s l eep
I f th e b e ddi n g b e l ook e d up on as a m e an s for the
40
re mov al of p ai n i t is n atu r al t o b e l i e v e its c ap ab i l i ty of
p r odu ci n g h ap p i n e ss i n a b e d r i dde n p at i e n t by re mov i n g h is
in th e ab s e n c e of p ai n atte n d i n i l l ne ss
i
h
e
a
l
th
n
i
n
a
n
A
d
g
p
t h e n e c e ss i ty for its re m ov al is l ik e wi se wan t i n g th at b e ddi ng
and th e re s t are t h e m e an s o f p r oc ur i n g h ap p i n e ss
B u t s i n ce s u ch h ap p i n e ss of p r of ou nd s l u mb er is
acc om p l i s h e d by th e u s u al m e an s b e ddi ng c ot an d t h e re s t
i t m u s t b e m ater i al T o s u c h a c onte n t i on th e r ep ly is
wh eth e r h ap p i n e ss p rec e di n g th e adve n t of s l eep or dur i ng
i t is c on s ide i e d m ater i al ? T h e Vedant in i n c l i n e s t o th e r st
v i e w and s ay s h ap p i n e ss fe l t pr i or to th e adv e nt of sl ee p may
.

P A NC H A D AS L

25 7

b e decl are d mat e r i al z e d er i ve d f r om mater i al r e s our c e s

b e ddi n g an d p os tu re
H ap p i ne ss atte n di n g
N ow for th e s ec on d q uery
42
p r of ou n d s l u m b er is n ot d u e t o any c au se Th e n k n owl e dg e
o f th e u s u al m e an s b e dd i n g
etc is w an ti n g c on s eque n tl y th e
h ap p i n e ss fel t c ann ot b e as cr i b e d t o t h e m as it s s ource B u t
i t m ay b e ar g ue d i f th e h ap p i n e ss o f p r of ou n d s l u m b e r b e n ot
m ater i al z e u n c re ate an d ete r n al w h y is i t n ot ex per i e n ce d
l ik e m ater i al e n j oy m e n t ? B ec au s e th e s l eeper wh o e x pe
rie n ce s th at h app i n e s s i n s l eep b e i n g i m m er s e d in h ap p i n e ss
i t is n ot p e rce i ve d l i k e h ap p i n e s s p r ocee di n g fr om m ater i a l
e nj oy me n t H e n c e i t is s ai d p ri o r t o sl eep th e i n tel l ec t of th e
etc
s l eep er ap p r oac h e s t h e fel i c i ty p r oduce d fr om b e ddi n g
an d s ub s eque n tl y d ur i n g
is i mm er s e d in exqu i s i te
s l u mb e r
f el i c i ty

a
w
T
o
b
e
m
re
ex
p
l
i
c
i
t
m
e
n
e
i
n
o rk d ur i ng
o
i
r
d
43
g
g
f
th e h ou r s of wakeful n e ss g et s t i re d an d rep ai r s to h is b e d
for s l eep ; th e f ati g u e p r oduce d f r om work i s re mov e d an d
wi th t h e re tur n o f m e n t al q u i et b r ou g h t ab out by re s t h e feel s
th e h app i n e ss c au s e d b y th e b e ddi ng etc
W h at i s t h e n atur e o f m ater i al h ap p i n e ss ? P ai n
44
f ol l ow i n g an u n g rati e d de s i re in th e sh ap e of m ateri al acqu i s i
is e x p er i e n ce d b y th e i n d i v i du al dur i n g
t i on ( say we al t h
th e c ou r s e of h is dai l y l ab or for de str oy i n g w h i c h h e rep ai r s
t o h i s b e d ; h is i n tel l ec t is n ow d i rec te d i n war ds w h ere i t meet s
w i th th e reecti o n of n atur al fel i c i ty
o f Sel f ] ; an d th i s
re flect i on of fel i c i ty is m ater i al h app i n e ss H ere t oo after
exp er i e n c i n g th at m at er i al h ap p i n e ss t h e i n di vi du al wh o
exper i e n ce s i t as wel l as h is ex p er i e n c e an d th e subj ect of th at
ex p eri e n c e s ub j ect h im t o work an d f ati g ue
A n d fo r t h e re m ov al o f th at l ab ou r an d f at i g u e f it/ a
45
r u n s at on ce i n t o t h e bl i s s ful n e s s o f B RA H M A t o b e on e w i th
I t A s i n th e S r u l i P up i l t h e n ( i n p r o f ou n d s l u m b e r ) f z va

m er g e s i n t o B RA H M A t o b e o n e w i t h It
F i v e ex amp l es are addu c e d in th e S r ze/ z to i l l u str ate
46
'

'

'

58

P A NC H AD AS L

of th e e ag l e h awk
th e b l i ss ful ne ss of p r of ou nd s l u m b er
i n f an t e m per o r an d M a h a hrah ma n a ( an e m i n e n t B rah man
l e ar n e d in t h e S hastras) T h e s e are
u
s t as an e ag l e w i th it s l e g t i e d t o a s tr i n g r ou n d
47
j
its keeper s w r i s t te m p te d t o y h i t h e r an d t h i th e r at th e
s i g h t o f p rey b ut u n ab l e t o n d an y c om f ort ab l e re s ti n g S p o t
al i g h t s u p on th e h an d wh ere th e o t h e r e n d of th e s tr i n g is
,

anach e d :

th e m i n d of t h e i n di v i du al ( h is assoc i ate ) for

th e sak e of ex per i e n c i n g th e fru i t o f ac t i on s g ood an d b ad
h ap pi n e s s an d m i s ery e n g ag e d b et wee n t h e h our s of
nz z
d re am i n g s l u m b er an d wakefu l n e s s an d afte r th e con su mm a
t i on of f ructe s ce n t wo rk s m er g e s i n t o I g no r an c e h is f or m al
c au se T h e n w i t h th e di ssol uti on o f th e m i n d f ir m a f or m
o f it s asso c i ate b ec o m e s th e Su pre m e S el f
L i k e th e h aw k t i re d wi t h y i n g in th e air in q ue st
49
o f f ood v ehe m e n tly b e n d i n g it s w ay t o war ds it s n e s t fo r t h e
s ak e o f re s t ; f z va ( reect i o n o f i n tel l i g e n c e w i th t h e ass oc i ate
o f m i n d) de s i r o u s of th e b l i ss ful n e s s o f S el f at on ce rep ai r s to
t h e re g i on o f th e h e ar t for p rof ou n d s l u m b e r
J u s t as an i n f an t s uck l i n g it s m oth er s b re as t t o th e
50
l l ly i n g in a s oft b e d an d h av i n g n e i th e r any d i s c r i m i n ati on

m i ne
an d
n or any de s i re an d p ass i on is th e v ery
of I
p i cture of h ap p i n e s s ;
O r l i k e an e m per or sat i ate d w i th al l s or t s of h u m an
51
e nj oy m e n t s fee l i n g h i m sel f s up re m e ly b l e ss e d ;
r l i ke
2
O
an e m i n e n t
l e ar n e d in S el f
B rah man
5
k n owl e dg e exp er i e n c i n g h ap p i n e s s afte r re ac h i n g t h e c on n e s
of b l i ss ful n e s s der i v e d fr o m k n o wl e dg e o f h is o n e n e s s wi t h
B RAH M A ; do al l i n d i v i du al s att ai n th e fe l i c i ty of B RA H M A in
p r of o u n d s l u m b e r
B u t i t m ay b e aske d wh y oth e r ex amp l e s are ex c l u de d
53
an d al l u s i on m ade o n l y t o th e i n f an t e m p er o r an d an e m i n e n t
B ra h man ? B ec au s e th e h ap p i n e ss o f an i n f an t e m p er or an d
a B rah man de v ore d t o B RAH M A
wh i l e th e
is p r ov e rb i al
48

S o is

'

'

2 60

P A N C H AD AS t

b eg i nn i ng wi th son to noth in g is
re m o ve d] a per son s urm oun t s all g r i e f
mat eriah
w h e n th is
s l um b er
D u ri n g p rofound
e rrp an se h as d is app ea r ed t e mp or ar il y i n t o it s f or mal c au s e
I g n o r an c e ab ou n di n g in da rk n e ss th e i n di v i dual for t h i s

30
en vel op m e n t o f i g n or an c e
( P m /trit e) e nj oy s fe li c i ty
s ay s th e K a z va y a S nn l z ( A th ar va Veda )
l
rsal e x per ie n c e
n
th
i
l
i
k
c
r
r
b
r
a
te
b
y
i
ve
n
d
o
d
i
a
o
u
e
s
s
o
A
59
I w as h ap py in
F or a per son on ris in g fr om sl ee p ex c l ai m s

s l e ep an d k ne w not h in g the n
I n t h i s man ne r t h e h ap p i n e ss
fel t d u ri ng sl eep and wan t of k nowl e dg e or i g noran c e of wh at.
hap pe n e d th e n is re me mb e re d b y h im
60
S i n ce t h ere can b e n o rec o l l ec ti on of su b stan ce s wh i c h
on e h as n o e x pe r i e n c e o f it is n at u ral to i n fe r th e p re s e n ce o
e x per i e nc e i n c on n e c t io n w it h th e re c ol l ec ti on of h ap p i n e s s in
p r of ou n d sl umb er ; h e nc e i t is sai d e xp eri e n ce of h ap p i n e ss
an d o f i g n or an c e are b o th p re s e n t the n
I f it b e c o n te n de d,
t h e m i nd is in a s t ate o f ab ey an ce in s l eep c on seque n tly in t h e
a b s e n c e of its
i n s tr u m e nt h ow can e x per i e n ce b e p o ss i b l y
?
s
n
re
e
t
T o su c h a c on ten t i on it may b e aske d whe th er t h e
p
i n s tru m e n t o f ex per i e n c i ng h ap p i n e s s or t h e i ns tru me nt of
i g n or an c e is m e ant t o b e ab se n t B o th o f t h e m are un te n ab l e
B ec au s e h ap p i n e ss is s el f man i fe ste d i n tel l i g e nc e an d s t an ds
i n no n ee d o f an y i n s tru m e n t
A n d Sel f w h o is i n te l l i g e n ce
is man i fe s te d i n t h e f o r m of b l i s s ; an d fr om t h at s el i man i
fe s te d b l i s s is d i s c o vere d i g n o r an c e wh i ch e n vel o p s i t
61
N or c an i t b e c on te n de d t h at th e adm i s s i o n of t he
s el f m an i fe s te d h appi n e ss o f p r o f o u n d s l u m b er do e s n ot n e ce s
s arl l y amou n t t o S el f b ei ng t h e b l i s s fu l B ana n a : for
: in t h e
I n tel l i g e n ce is th e b l i s s fu l
B ayran ey a Upan ish ad we re ad

T h ere f o re t h at s el f man i fe s te d h ap pi ne ss is n o
B RAH M A
o t h er b ut B RA H M A
S i n c e e x peri e n c e an d re c ol l ect i on h av e i n v ar i ab l y
62
th e s am e se at i t m ay be ar g ue d t h at th e u s u al e xper i e n c e of
I was sl eep i ng happ i l y and
a per son on r is i n g f rom s l e ep

b u t ion

S e l f to not S e l f

of

'

'

'

P A N C H AD A S I

2 6x

th i ng th e n b e i ng re me mb ere d by the sl ee per ( the

w
or d c og n i t i onal ) h e is the i r ex per i e n c er
d
a
f
re
i
c
te
th
e
o
p
T o av oi d su c h a misappre h e n s ron i t is sai d i nas mu c h as t he
i n ter n al or g an ( a p r oduc t of h is assoc i ate d i g nor an c e ) mer g e s
i nt o or di s app e ar s in i g n or an ce f irmw i th th e assoc i ate of th e
i n ter nal or g an is n ot th e exp er i e n c er of h app i n e ss or i g nor an c e

I n oth er wor ds I k n e w n oth i ng th e n is an i n fere n t i al p r oof

of th e p re se n c e of i g n or an c e in p r of ou n d s l u m b e r exp er i e n c e d
by th e sl eep er and rec ol le c te d i mme di ately on h is wak i n g ;
an d in th e ab s e nc e of i g n or an ce i t is i mp ossi b l e for h im to s ay
so ; t h e n ag ai n
as b o t h th e de m on s tr at or or wi t n e ss of th at
i g nor an ce ( th e c og n i ti onal sh e ath ) an d its p r oof ( th e m e n t al
s h e ath ) are so tr an s f or me d th at they ab an don the i r re spe c ti v e
for ms an d re s t in th e s h ap e of the c au s e i g nor an c e ; theref ore
i ntel l i g e n c e assoc i ate d wi th t he i n ter n al or g an can n e v e r b e
t he i n stru me n t wh i c h e x p er ie n c e s i t
Why ? B ec au se sleep is
s ai d to b e th e con dit ion of de stru c t i on of b oth !
t he c og n i t i onal
and m e n t al s he ath s an d th at s l eep is i g nor an c e
63
If i t b e aske d s i n c e t h e c og n i t i onal s h e at h is l i ter all y
wan ti n g in p r of ou n d s l u mb er dur i n g th e t i me wh e n fel ic i ty
an d i g n or an c e are b oth exp er i e n c e d h ow can i t b e c re di te d
wi th th e p owe r of re me mb er i ng th e m wi th th e retur n of
wakeful n e ss ? Ju st as b utte r l i qu i fy i n g wi th h e at is re s t ore d
t o its or i g i n al c on s i s te n c e by th e ac t i on of c ol d ; so fr om th e
e xh au s t i on of fru c te sce nt work s in th e h our s of wakeful n e ss
t h e i n ter n al or g an d i s ap p e ar s in s l eep t o b e ag ai n modi e d
i n t o th e s h ap e of th e i nter n al or g an fr om th e f orce of the
fr ucte sce n t dur i ng th e n ex t wak i ng c on di t i on an d th u s ap
ass oc i ate of
w
f
s el f
e
r
th
e
r
c
i
t
i
r
h
i
c
h
th
e
n
o
a
i
n
o
n
d
o
s
o
s
s
g
p
t h e i n ter n al or g an i s al s o c on v erte d i n t o t h e c on s i ste n c e of
t h e c og n i ti on al s h e ath
and th at Sel f in th e r s t c on d i ti on of
o
a
h
s b ee n de str oye d is
r
f
u
l
u
b
er
h
e
c
i
te
d
i
s
ss
a
h
n
m
w
n
a
o
o
s
p
c al l e d b y th e n ame of b l i ssful s he ath
64
T h at is to say i mme di ately p r i or to p r of ou nd s l u mbe r
t hat modi cati on of i nte l l ect wh i ch comb i ned wi th the re
k ne w

no

262

P A N C H A D A s r.

of

e ction

ub sequ e ntly di sap pe ar s

wi th th e ( re fl ect i on of h ap p i n e s s) an d
happ hres s ,

in

l ee p ire
cal l e d th e
s

ect i on
is
b l i ssfu l
65
Th e b l i ssful s h e ath a p r oduct of th e modi c at ion of
i ntel l e c t wi th th e reect i on of h ap p i n e ss d i recte d i n ter n al ly ( an
assoc i ate of i g n or an c e t og ethe r w i t h it s i m p re s s i on ) e x p er i e n ce s
t he fel i c i ty of E mu [ M A in p r of ou n d s l u m b er by m e an s of a
sub tl e m odi c at i on of ig n o r an c e c omb i n e d wi th th e reecti on
of in te l l i g e n c e

I f i t b e aske d l i ke th e e x pre s s i on I fee l h ap py

66
u s e d by i n div i du al s in wak i ng c on d i t i o n why is n ot a s i m i l ar
c on ce i t p re s e n t in con n ect ion w i t h t h e p r o f ou n d s l u mb er ? B e
c au se m odi c at i on of i g n or an c e is s ub tl e and of i n tel l e c t
app are n t : as dec l are d by per s on s wel l re ad in t h e Vedan ta
F or auth ori ty t o p r o v e wh at h as al re ady b ee n sai d
67
ab ou t th e b l i s s fu l s h e ath as th e ex pe r i e n ce r of th e b l i ss ful n e ss
of
the
B RA H M A b y a s ub tl e m odi c ati on of i g no r an c e
Up a m s aa: are c i t e d
M andu ky fz an d T ap n r
T he
ya
b l i ss ful [ s h e ath ] is th e ag e n t an d i n s tru m e nt an d re s pect i ng

t h e fel i c i ty of B RA H M A i t is th e e nj oy er
S el f who h as as
or b l e n de d wi th
s u me d on e f or m
o r d i n ary i n tel l ig e n ce in
p r o f ou n d s l u mb e r is ful l of b l i ss ; for h e e nj oy s fel i c i ty b y
t h e mod i c ati o n o f re e cte d i n te l l i g e nc e
69
T o b e m o re e xp l i c i t I n t h e wak i ng c on di t i on Sel f
w h o is re g ar de d as B RAH M A
T h at art
an d on e wi t h!
t he c og n i ti on al v i t al an d m e n t al s h e ath s ; wh o h as ey e s
e ar s
e tc ; wh o is e arthy watery ae r i al
e ry an d eth er i al an d n ot
ful l of de s i re and free fr om i t ; ful l of an g e r an d wi th ou t i t
as c i te d in the S r a i r is s e par ate d fr o m th e assoc i ate s of mi n d
an d i n tel l e ct in p r o f ou n d s l u m b e r an d ass u m e s on e f or m
l i ke o u r g r ou n d ou t of a h an df u l of r i c e wh ere th e s ep ar at e
for m of e ac h g r ai n is l ost
I n t h e w ak i ng c on di t i on th e m e n t al fu n ct i on as s u m e s
70
th e modi c at i on of a j ar to c og n i se i t ; b ut in s l eep th e j ar is
no more c og n i sab l e ; i t is th e n sai d t o b e non e x i ste nt as an
c onn

'

),

'

2 64

P A N C H AD A S I

th e i mp re ssi on of B RA H M A I C fel i c i t y he had b ee n enj oy i ng

H ow i s i t k n o wn ? B ec au se wi th out c on c e i v i ng
wh i l e as l eep
t he m i nd re mai n s u nocc up i e d and for t h i s
o f any s ubj ec t

s t ate of ( m e n t al ) i n di ff e re n c e ? h e fe e l s h appy

n
d
o
o
n
a
C
tr
l
le
by
the
i
r
c
t
i
o
s
75
g ood an d b ad al l c re atu re s
are s ub seque n tly ( wh i l e awak e ) s ubj ecte d to a v ar i ety of g r i ef ;
an d th u s f or g et th e b l i ssful n e ss th ey h ad e nj oy e d for a s h ort
t i me w h i l e s l eep i ng p r of ou n dly
T heref ore t h e i r n ee d b e no m ore c onte n t i on ab out the
76
i
n s l ee p
f
re
e
n
c
e
fe
l
i
c
i
ty
E ac h day b oth in th e b e g i n n i ng
s
o
p
e v ery i n di v i du al h as a p art i al i ty for
and ter m i nati on of s l eep
i t : u nde r s u ch ci r c u mst an ce s wh ere i s the man of g ood i nte l
l e c t wh o wi l l say n ay ? I n oth er wor ds e v ery man h as a
p art i al i ty for s l eep b ot h p r i or to i t an d at its e n d ; an d as i n
t he b e g i nn i ng th e u su al b e d is l ai d an d afte r s leep is o v e r
h e is y et u n wi l l i ng t o p art wi th th e fel i c i ty h e was e nj oy i ng
for wh i c h h e re mai n s s i l e n t h e n c e t h er e can b e n o que s t i on
ab out i t
a
I
f
h
a
s
j
u
b
ee
n
s
i d ab out th e e x pe ri e n c e of
w
a
t
h
s
t
7
7
B RAH M A I C fel ici ty after th e c l os e of s l eep wh e n th e i ndivi du al
re s t s in s i l e n c e an d c onte nt me n t b e a f ac t wh e r e th e n is t h e
ne c e s s i ty for th e S ac re d S c r i p tur e s or i n s tru c t i on fr om a Gu ru ?
A s e v e n wi th ou t th e m i dl e per son s wi l l b e s u cc e ssfu l in att ai n
in g th at fel i c i ty
If a
t
h
e
dd
/
z
a
n
l
rep
l
i
e
A
n
d
S
z
s
8
z
7
p er son wou l d k now
t he fe l ici ty of p r of ou nd s l u mb e r t o b e S e l f and no oth e r th an
t i me

'

'

ri s i ng fr om s l e e p exper i e nces n e i t h er pleas ure

i n s h or t b ot h h appi n es s a n d its rever s e a re t h e n
n or p a i n
i t is c a lle d t h e s t a te of i nd i ffere n ce S i m il a rl y
a b s e n t for w h ic h
in wak eful n e s s wh e n b ot h h a pp i n e s s a n d g r ief a re ab s e n t i t is
c a ll ed i nd i ffer e nce
I n h ap p i n es s t h ere a ri s e s p a s s i on or de s i re
t h erefore a b s e nce of de s i re a nd e n v y
a n d in g r ief e n vy or s pite

c a u sed b y t h ei r re s pecti ve i n s tru me n t s h app i ne ss a nd g r i ef is in

d i ffere nce or re st i ng in c on t e nt me nt
if

per s on

on

P A NC H A D AS I

26

e man c i p ati on is cer tai n i n asmuch as t h at ig n o

ran ce wh i c h wou l d x l i mi t s an d e nj o m h im t o p r acti s e san c
t ion e d wor ks wi l l b e de s tr oye d ; t h u s far y ou are c orrec t
B ut i t is i m p os s i b l e to k n ow B R AH M A w i t hout t h e he l p of t he
S acre d Wr i ti n g s and i n s truct i on fr om a P r ofe ssor
w
n o w B RA H M A fr om wh at has f al le n fr om y ou r
I
k
o
N
79
l i p s ; h ow the n can my e manc i p ati on b e pre v e n te d ? Ju st
as an i g nor an t p er son afte r h av i n g h e ar d someth i ng fr om
ano t h er c o ns i de rs h i msel f to b e l e ar ne d [ as in the foll owi ng
ex am p l e ]
80 A ri c h p er son on c e ob ser ve d in refere n c e t o a P andi t
wh o had s t u di e d th e f our Vedas t h at h e was t t o b e re war de d
wi th we al t h am ply ; an i g nor ant p er son pre s e nt th e n h e ar
in g th at the Vedas were fou r in n umb er s teppe d forwar d
an d e x cl ai me d
I k now t he Vedas are f ou r fr om wh at you

have j us t sai d so p l e ase g i v e me mone y too

An d you t e
s e m bl e h im
8 r I f i t b e s ai d th at t he i g nor an t p er son k n e w n oth i ng
of t h e Vedas ex cep t t h e i r nu mber th e n i nas m uc h as y our k n ow
l e dg e of B u rma is imperf ec t [ y our e man c i p at i on is not
ce rt ai n and re s e mb l ance wi t h h im i s comp l ete ]
82
I f you s ay s i n ce th e Vedas h av e t h e i r indi v i du al dis
t i n cti on ap art fr om nu mb er and non e wh ateve r b et wee n
S el f and B RA H M A wh o is i m p art i te b l i ss ; an d t here is n ot a
rti
c
l
e
i
r
an c e l eft in y ou ab out t h i s k nowl e dg e ; t h e
a
o
f
o
n
g
p
i ll u s tr at ion wh i ch I h av e addu ce d is n ot an apt on e ; n or can
y our knowl e dg e h e i mperfect i n asmuc h as in re s pec t to t he
i m p arti te b l i s s ful n e ss of B RA H MA ( wh ic h is d ev o i d of i l l u s i on
and its p rodu c t ) n e i the r i mp erfect ion nor i ts re v er s e is
os s i b l e :
p
8 3 M ay I th e n e n qui re of you wh eth er you u n der s t an d
the s i g n i fi c at i on o f th e wor ds i m p arti te et c or s i m p l y re ad
I f you re ad t h e m w i th out c om p re he ndi n g the i r me an
t he m
ing y our k no wl e dg e is n ece ss ar i ly i mp er fect
84
E v e n if you unde rst and what t hey si g ni fy fr om the
Bu

r ma,

h is

2 66

P A NC H A D AS I

h el p of g r ammar et c , th ere yet re mai ns th e v i s i bl e k now

l e dg e of B RAH M A to b e ac qu i re d ; t h u s y o u r i mperfecti on is a
f act an d i t c ann ot b e g ai n sai d T i l l you k n o w t h at you h av e
n ot h i n g p r o p er t o do nor an
y de s i re d obj e c t to ac qui re y ou r
k nowl e dg e o f B RAH M A is i m perfec t
85
Know t h e n wh e n e v er an y h ap p in e s is fel t ap art fr om
any s ubj ect i t is th e i m pre s s i on B RAH M A I C fel i c i ty
86
A n d w h e n afte r th e acqui s i ti on of an ob j ec t de s i r e
i0 r it h av i ng ce ase d th e me n t al fu n cti on d i recte d i n ter n al l y
rece i v e s th e reect i on o f fel i c i ty fr om s e l f i t is c al le d ( V I S HA
Y A N A N D A) M ateri al fel i c i ty
8 7 [ E x c ept i n g th e th ree v ar i eti e s of fel i ci ty az z o f B RA H M A
i mp re ss i on an d refl e c ti on th e re is n ot a f ourt h v ar i ety p re s e n t
T h e fel i c i ty d i s c o v e re d in pr of ou n d s l u mb e r
in th e worl d
an d wh i c h is s el f m an i fe ste d i s c al l e d B RA H M A I C fel i c i ty
w h atever h app i n e ss is e x per i e n ce d in th e c o n d i ti o n of in diff e r
e n ce i m m e di atel y afte r r i s i ng fr om sl eep is i n depe n de n t of
for w h i c h i t rece i ve s t h e nam e o f
any s ubj ec t o f c og n i t i on
i m pre s s i onal fel i c i ty ( VAS A N A N A N D A ) b ec au s e t h e m i n d h as
act i v i ty s o as t o
n ot b ee n th or ou g h l y r ou s e d i n t o it s n o r m al
per v ade an y subj ec t A n d th at h ap p i n e ss wh i c h pr o cee ds fr o m
th e acqu i s i t i on o f a de s i re d obj ec t fr om th e ree c t i on of th e
,

'

W ith

c q u i s i t i on o f a d e s i re d ob j e c t a ct i v e q u al i t y of
t h e m e n t a l fu n ct i on w h ic h h a d p r od u c e d d e s i re c e a s e s ; a n d f ro m
it s g ood q u al it y f oll o w i n g t h e k n o w l e d g e of a cq u i s i t i on is m a n i
fe s t e d t h e f e l ic i t y i n h e r e n t in i n t e l li g e n c e a s s oc i a t e d w i t h t h e
N ow t h i s mod i c a t i o n of t h e m e n t a l f u n c t i o n
( d e s i re d) ob j e ct
h a s b e e n pr o duce d fr om the ob j e c t d e s i r e d c on s e q u e n t l y i t is
c ll e d V I S H AY A N A N D A O r k n ow l e d g e o f t h e d e s i re d ob j e ct re
mo v e s t h e m od i ca t i o n s o f d e s i r e ; a n d w i t h it s r e m o v a l ot h e r
m od i c a t i o n s d i r e c t ed i n ter na ll y a ri s e b y w h i c h f e l i ci t y a s s o
t h e i n ter n a l o r g a n is d i s co v e r e d ; a n d t h i s i n t e rn a ll y
c i t e d w it h
is k n o w n
d i r e c t e d m od ic a t i on o r t h e r e e c t i on o f f e l i c i t y i n i t

r e fl ect e d h app i n e s s a nd l i tt l e
m a t e r i al h ap p in e s
s e v e ra ll y a s
h a p p i ne s s
t he a

2 68

P A NC H A D AS I

h app i n e ss
Wh ere no ph e nome na are man i
fe ste d wh ere th ere is n o sl eep e v e n th e h ap p i n e ss p re se n t in
t h at c on di t i on of m e n t al re s t rai n t ( Y og a) i s th e B RAH M A I C

fel i c i ty as K R I S H NA s p ok e to A RJ U N A N ow th is B RAH M A I C

"
fel i c i ty is n ot di st i n c t fr om own h ap p i n e ss
so is p r i n c i p al
h app i n e ss one wi th fel i c i ty of B RA H M A ; b ec au se as th e sou rc e

reex an d i mp re ss i on al h ap p i n e ss B R AH M A I C fel i c i t y
of
r e m ai s s e l f man i fe ste d S i mi l arl y th e b l i ssf u l ne ss of S el f

are al l forms o f B R A H M A I C
an d th e se con dl e ss b l i ssful n e ss
fel i c i ty ]
b u t h is

"

own

88

f
i d t h re e forms t hat wh i ch is se l f
mater i al an d i m p re ss i on al h app i
an d g i v e s ri se t
b e k n own as th e b l i ssful n e ss of B R AH M A

O f th e

man i fe st e d
n e ss is t

a ore sa

H a i ng e s t ab l i sh e d th e b l i ss ful n e ss of p rofou nd sl u mb e r
t o b e t h e s el f i l l u m i nate d i n tel l i g e n c e of B R AH MA b y the he l p
of S ru t z text s l og i c al c on c l u s i on an d e x pe ri e nc e l i ste n t o th e
m e an s of re cog n i s i ng th at fe l i c i ty of B R AH M A in th at ot h e r
c on di t i on o f wake f u l n e ss [ I n the S ru t z o c c u r s th e p assag e
D u r i ng s l ee p w h e n t h i s v as t m ater i al e x p an s e di sapp e ar s i n t o
its f or mal c au s e i g n o r an c e th e i ndi vi du al e x p er i e n ce s b l i ss b y

t h e e n v el o p me n t of i g n or anc e
I was th e n sl e ep i ng h app i l y
is an i l l u s tr at i on of re c ol l e c t i on of h ap p i ne ss wh i c h th e sl eep e r
ex c l ai ms i mme di ately on g ett i ng u p ; h ad th ere b ee n n o h ap p i
n e s s h e cou l d not h av e s ai d so th u s l e ad i n g to th e on ly l og i c al
c on cl u s i on of th e p r e se n ce of h ap p i n e ss ; an d as th e m e nt al
fu n c t i on is in ab ey an c e th e n c o n seque n tly i t c ou l d not t ak e
c og ni ti on of th at h app i ne ss for wh i c h i t is sai d to b e se l f
man i fe ste d]
89

'

'

e fe l i c i ty wh i ch re c e i v e s th e name of B RA}!

in p r of ou nd s l u mbe r is c al le d th e c og n i t i on al
M ANAN DA
s he at h in c on n ect i on w i th th e dre ami n
A
g an d wak i n g st ate s
d i ffere n ce in s e at p r odu c e s a d i ff er e nc e in name
90

T he

s am

W akefu l ne ss has its s eat in th e ey e s ; dre ams, th r oat ;

oi

and p r of ou n d s l u mb er, the l ot u s of the h e ar t

B u t ey es here
.

P A NC H A D A S I

b ody ;

in di c ate the wh ol e

for du r i ng wak efu l ne ss the wh ol e

f rom he ad to f oot is prevade d by i nte l l i g e nc e

n i te d b al l of i r on [ in wh i c h th e re and
l
i
ke
i
2
n
a
n
A
d
g
9
iron t h ou g h di st i nc t ap pe ar on e] th at i ntel l i g e n c e is fr om
i l l u s i on re c og ni se d one wi t h th e p hy s i c al b ody and u se d so

A s I am a m an
I am i ndi ffere nt to p l e asure an d p ai n
I am
93
I am m i s er ab l e
th e s e are th e th ree c on di ti ons
hap py
ex per i e n c e d by h u man i ty O f th e m h ap p i n e ss an d m i sery are
wh i l e i n di ffere n c e pr ocee ds
a re s ul t of g ood an d b ad work s
as S el f is n e i th e r an ag e n t n or doer of
i
n as mu c h
n atur al ly
[
wor k s s o th at th ey c an n ot aff e c t h im]
w
i
r
f
d

e re n t sort s as
t
H
pp
i
e
m
i
ery
a
e
o
a
n
ss
a
n
d
s
o
4
9
th ey are p r oduce d e i th er fr om exter n al ob j ect s of s e ns e s or
i n te r n al ( me n t al ) e nj oy me n t ; an d th e inter v al s b et wee n h ap

m
n
n
n
re
w
n
m
i
i
o
t
i
ery
h
e
th
e
re
te
t
e
n
d
s
s
m
i
a
n
d
s
t
n
s
n
e
s
c
p
p re s e n t t h e s t ate of i nd i ff ere nc e
Whe n a p er son ex c l ai ms N ow I h av e no anx i ety and
95

c are bu t am h ap py h e e x p re ss e s th e n atur al b l i ssful ne ss of

Sel f dur i ng t he s t ate of i n di ffere n c e ; so th at eve n in wakeful

n e s s th ere is m an i fe st ati on of own h ap p i ne ss ; an d i t is p r ope r

t h at on e s h oul d k no w th i s

b ody

96

B u t for

th e p re s e n ce of a s u b t l e
t h e h app i n e s s d i s c ov e re d in t he c on di t i o n
n ot t he p r i n ci p al fe l i ci ty of Sel f b u t on l y
.

for m
of

it s

e g oi s m
i ndi ffere nce i t
i mpr e ss i on
of

in
is

ex amp l e as t o th e di ffere nce b et we e n

'

A s th e s e nsat i on of
p ri n c i p al happi n es s and its i m p re ss i on
c ol d co mmu n i c at e d t o t h e h and by th e c on t ac t of a j ar ll e d
wi t h wate r is n ot water but it s qu al ity fr om wh i c h th e pre se nc e
of wate r is i n ferre d
97

N ow for an

fr om rep e ate d prac ti c e as e g oi sm is forg ot te n

wi se p e rson s wi t h kee n p re c ept i on i n fe r own h ap p i ne ss
98

S o,

A fter th e me n t al fu n ct i on h as c e ase d to t ake c og n i ti on

m
of th i ng s wh ic h are n ot Sel f and b e c ome moul de d in ti
99

P A N C H AD A S I

a7 o

th at Sel f app e ar s one wi th I t ; the n fr om re peat

p r ac ti c e of p r of ou n d me di t at i on th e i n di v i du al
e d ( sk i l ful )
f or g et s e g ot i sm an d t aste s th e s up re me b l i ss B u t th i s doe s
n ot s i g n i fy th at sl eep is s uc h a s ub tl e c o n di t i on of e g oi sm
B ec au s e th ou g h th e se n se s c e ase to c arry on th e i r re s pe c t i ve
fu n ct i ons there is n o want of mi nd in s l eep ; an d b ec au s e
f
u
n d s l eep is s ai d t o b e th e re s t i n g of th e i n tel l ec t in its
o
o
r
p
c au se i g nor anc e Th e p re se n c e of m i n d in sl eep is p r ov e d
b y th e b ody n ot f al l i ng to th e g r ou nd Th at is to say wh e n
in p r of ou nd s l u mb er e g oi sm di sapp e ar s th e b ody of the s leep
e r is see n to f al l to th e g rou n d b ut here i t doe s not ; con se
que n tly th ere is no di ssol ut i on of e g oi sm b u t i t res t s in the
for m of t h e i nt e r nal or g an
roo
Wh ate v e r hap p i n e ss is fel t dur i ng p r ofou nd u ncon
k nowl e dg e
s c i ou s m e di t at i on wh e n t h er e is n ei th e r k n owe r
n or t h e obj ect to b e k n own an d wh i c h is n ot s l ee p t oo ir

S o sp ok e KRI S H N A to A R J U N A ( Gil a
i s th e B RAH M A I C fe l i c i t y
C h ap V I )
Th
e
a te x t is n ow b e in g s e t f orth
ro r
G
z
l
[
T h e per son of tr an q ui l i nte l l e c t g r adu al ly re str ai n: the

"
m i nd by r e s ti ng i t on S e l f an d ab andon i n g othe r th ou g ht s
M i n d is n atu r al ly u n s te ady an d ck l e an d l i abl e
t o b e acte d up on by th e u s u al obj e c t s of c og n i t i on th r ou g h
th e i r i n di vi du al s e n se s ; an d whe n i t h as di sc ov ere d the i r
u n re al i ty i t is nal ly l e d b y th ose obj e c t s th e mse l v e s to s h ow
an u tte r di s re g ar d for or i n di ff ere n c e t o th e m ; th u s i mp e de d
t o Sel f tr i e s adequ ate
or r e s tr ai n e d i t b e c om e s s ub s er v i e n t
m e an s to x al l t h ou g h t s e x cl u s i v e l y on h i m l e av i ng every
t h i n g e l s e I n th i s man ne r a Y og i th r ou g h th e f or c e of
p r act i c e c ome s to re st h is mi nd t r an qu i l l y on S el f
A Y og i fre e fr om s in and f as c i nat i on and wi th the
1 03
of

B RAH M A ,

so

'

S e lf is to x t h e m i nd
i nde e d S e lf an d b e y ond h im t h ere

Re s t i n g

th is

is

on

on

is

th e

an d

t h i ng

no

t ru th

A ll

P ANC H A D A S I

27 2

'

me nse di st ance of t i me] ; so doe s the p r ac t i c e of Y og a u nat

t e n de d wi t h p ai n p rodu c e me nt al re str ai nt in a sub seq u e nt
m
e
r
i
f
t
i
d
o
e
o
p
N or is th e Gil a al on e in me n t i on i ng it for in th e
1 10
M a ztray n gy a sak a of th e F ay u r Veda th e s ag e S H A KAY A NY A in
h is di s c our s e w i t h B RI H AD RA T H s pe ak s of B RA H M Arc fe li ci ty in
c on n e c t i on wi th p r ofou nd me di t at i on
.

'

re depri v e d of fue l sub s i de s int o its cau s e

s o fr om th e e x
h e at [ and it s c h ar acter i s t i c g l owi n g c e ase s]
h au stion of its mod i c ati on s th e i n ter nal org an s ub s i de s i n t o
its c au se
[Th at i s to s ay wh e n fr om th e p r acti c e of pr of ou n d
m e d i t ati on th e i nter n al or g an h as b ee n th or ou g h ly re str ai n e d
an d e ase d of its n atu r al ck l e ne ss m odi cat ion s of it s acti ve
qu al i ty i t re s t s in its c au se th e g ood qu al i ty wh i c h al one
re m ai n s]
1 11

Ju s t

as

de s i r ou s

of

n di ng

Sel f an d wh o for th at
p urp os e has re duce d h is m i n d to it s c au se an d s ubj u g ate d th e
s e n s e s s o as n ot t o al l ow th e m b e i n g tu r n e d away by s e n s u ou s
ob j e c t s h app i n e s s p r oduce d as a re s ul t of h is g ood k ar ma ap
p e ar s u n re al for i t is m ate rial
1 12

o on e

ou t

V i rtu al l y m i n d

i t sel f is th i s mater i al worl d an d e v ery

e nde av our sh oul d b e m ade u se of to re n de r i t f aul tl e ss [ by t h e
s e v er al m e an s d i s c r i m i nati on i ndi ffere nc e an d t he re st
] F or
1 1

be n t in c a rr y i ng ou t tried t o d i ss u ade he r but in v a i n A t

le ng th t h e y t oo were m ove d t o j o i n h e r ; t h i s novel s pect acle a ffec t
e d N A RAD A w h o s e n t Ga ru da t o t h ei r h e l
T h i s p r oduce d t he
p
d e s i re d re s ul t ; t h e s e a was m ade t o re s t ore t h e m i s s i ng e g g s
W h a t is m e a n t h ere to be c on veye d is t h a t l i k e t h e bi r d e ng ag e d
in its s elf i m p ose d t as k e n t a i l i ng i mme n s e l a b o r an d t i me s t e ad i l y
be n t a fte r i t feel i ng n ei t h e r p a i n nor g ett i n g d i s h ea rte n ed t il l
r e l ieve d by t h e ass i st ance of Gar u da a p e r s on be n t in r e s t ra i n i ng
h is m i n d recei ve s the k i nd ass i s t an ce of I S W A RA a nd h is ul t i ma te
s ucce ss is c e rt a i n
w as

'

P A N C H A D AS I

it i s

g ol de n t ru th , th at re sult s
of th e m i n d ( su bj ect th ou g h t
a

2 73

fol l ow ac cordi ng

to th e n at ur e

of ?

e t e
t h e mi nd de st roy s b oth g ood an d b ad
work s as me nt i on e d in th e S r u tz an d S mr z t z
A s re de s
tr oy s in a b l az e t he l ame nt s of c ott on wh i c h c r own th e t 0p s of

c ert ai n ree ds so doe s k nowl e dg e al l de mer i t

A l l si ns are
re move d by m e di t at i n g on B RAH M A in th e f ourt h qu arter of
"
nig h t
A p e r son w i th c on te n t m e n t of m i n d s ee s B RAH M A in
Th at am I
an d ex per i e n ce s i ne ff abl e
[ Sel f and ex c l ai m s
b l i ss
1 15
Jus t as in o r di n ary p e r son s wan t i n g in se lf k nowl e dg e
th e m i nd is apt t o b e dr awn away b y s e n su ou s obj e c t s ; i f a l ik e
att ach me nt to B RA H M A woul d t ak e pl ace wh e re is th e i n di vi du al
t hat woul d n ot b e free d fr o m c o n secu ti v e re b i rt hs ?
1 16
M i n d i s e i th e r pu r e or i mpu re ; th e s e are its t wo
vari et ie s
I m pu r i ty r e s u l t s f rom p ass ion s an d de s i re s and
p u r i ty in th e i r e x c l u s i on
117
M i nd is t h e c au s e of m ete mp sy ch os i s an d e man ei
A tt ac h m e n t to m ater i al obj ect s ( te mp or al e n j oy me nt s)
p at i ou
is th e sou rce of b on dag e as it s re ver s e e m an c i p ati on
T h at h app i n e ss w h i c h re sul t s fr om th e p r acti c e of
1 18
r
f
u
e
i
t
t
i
o
o
n whe n th e m i n d cure d o f it s b l e m is he s
n
m
d
a
o
d
p
an d thr ou g h ly re s tr ai n e d r m ly re s t s in S el f i s so u n c ommon
t h at i t is i mp oss i b l e t o b e de scr i be d b ut c ap ab l e of bei ng
re al i z e d by t h e m i n d
T h ou g h p r of ou n d m e di t at i on c an not l as t i n n i te l y
1 19
yet d u r i ng its s t ay for s h ort per i ods ( of wh i c h th ere is no im
p oss i b i l i ty ) t h e fe l i c i ty of Sel f is ascert ai n e d
E

1 1 4.

arn s n ss o f

'

'

'

J u s t as pure w a te r a pp e a r s c ol ore d blue f rom t he c ol or

pres e n t in its ass oc i a te ; s o is t h e m i n d a p r oduct of t h e g ood
q ua l i t y of t h e ve e le m e n t s c on vert e d i n t o t h e s h a pe of t h e ob j ec t
t h ou g h t of ; t h e ref ore w h e n a per s on is c on s t a n tl y t h i n k i ng t h a t h e
h is m i n d is m od i fi e d a cc or d i ng l y ; s i m il a rl y
I am
is 7 m
"
I S W A R A res ul t s fr om t h e t h oug h t of n on d i ffere nce bet wee n S el f
a n d B RA H M A
A nd t h e re s ul t s are d i ff ere n t t oo

P A N C H AD A S I

74

T h e re ason why a p er son of f ai t h b e n t afte r the

p r ac t i c e of pr ofou nd me d i t at i on al way s e x p e ri e n c e s th at fel i
is b e c au s e afte r h avi n g on c e asc e rt ai n ed it
c i ty of B RAH M A
[ wh i le in his me di t at i on] h e is l e d to b e li e v e in its c on t i n ue d

r
n
h
m
s
e
a
t
o
re
e
c
t
e
t
i
e
s
t
o
o
wh e n h e ri se s fr om h is me di t a
p
t i on
1 31
S o doe s h e du r i ng th e c on di t i on of i n di ff ere nc e d is
cardi ng al l i m pre ss i ons of fe l i c i ty cont e mp l ate on t he p r i mar
y
or c h i ef b l i ss ful n e ss of S el f
J u st as a p roig ate woman e ve n in the mi dst of h er
1 22
h ou se h ol d work m e n t al l y dwe l l s on th e p l e asu r e e x p e r i e n c e d
i n comp any wi th h er l ov e r :
D oe s a m an of f ai th wi th t r an qu i l m i nd b el i e v i n g in
1 23
th e R e al i ty of Sel f i nter nal l y t as te th e s up re m e fel i ci ty of
B R AH M A e v e n in th e m i dst of th e u s u al p r ac t i c e s [ e at i ng
1 2 0.

Tr anqu i l m i nd is th u s ex p l ai n e d
T o tur n th e s e n s e s away fr om the i r se v er al s ubj e c t s and to
re str ai n th e m w i th a p re domi nat i ng de s i r e of n di ng
ou t t he
n atur al fe l i c i ty of S e l f
1 24

p er son c arry i n g a he avy l oad on h is h e ad

ndi ng re st by e asi ng h i msel f of [ and de posi t i ng i t on the
g r ou n d] on e wh o h as d i sc ar de d t he worl d an d c ut off al l con

n e ct ions wi th i t an d its g oods

e x c l ai ms N ow I am at re st
S u c h a modi c at i on of t h e i nte l l e c t is e x p re sse d by the af ore
s ai d wor d f ai th
1 25

L i ke

Ju st as a p er son who h as fou nd ou t re st in the

mann er ab ov e e x pl ai n e d is b e n t after th e e nj oy me n t of th at
o ne an d p r i mary b l is s fnl n e s s of S el f dur i ng th e c on di t i on of
i nd i ffe re nc e ; so doe s h e d i l i g e n t l y atte nd to i t e v e n in the
m i dst of h app i n e s s and mi se ry wh i c h f ol l ows as a re s u l t of h is
fru c te sc e nt work s
1 26

Ju st as one b e nt afte r i mme di ate se l de stru ction

i n re c on si der s dre ss an d or nam e nt s wh i c h c au s e del ay in
c arryi ng i t ou t as h is e ne m y ; so doe s a per son of discrimina
1 27

276

To

P A NC H A D A S I

su m u p

th e n
T h e p re s e n t tre at i s e Y og anana a f orms the r st c hapte r
i t de al s on t h e di sc ov ery of th e b l i ssful ne ss
of B RAH M A N AN DA
o f Sel f as e x per i e nce d by a Y og i for wh i c h i t is cal l e d the
b l i ssf u l ness of mental re strai nt

S E C T ION X I I
A t ma n a n a a ,

or

T he B l issf u l n ess

'

S e gj

AV I NG in th e p re vi ou s s e c ti on de s c r i b e d th e e x per i e nc e of
fe l i ci ty by a per son of di sc r i mi nat i on f ol l owi ng me nt al res
t rain t ; th i s on e wi l l de al wi th th e b l i ssful ne ss of Sel f as
c og n i se d by an e nqu i rer of se l f k nowl e dg e wi th dul l i n tel lect

th r ou g h th e c on s i der at i on of th e word T hou

Wi th th i s
n s wi th an ex pl anat i on of t h e
n
o
w
urp
th
e
a
uth
o
r
b
e
i
o
se
g
p
L et th os e wh o p r ac t i s e Y og a
query set by h is p u p i l
ex per i e n ce th e b l i ssful n e ss of S e l f as someth i ng ov e r and
ab ov e th e i mp re s s i onal an d B RA H M A I C fe l ici t i e s b u t how wou l d
i t f ar e wi th p er sons of dul l i nte l l e c t 9

th e Gu ru rep l i e s
P er son s of dul l i n te ll e c t are not qu ali e d for sel f k now
l e dg e Fr om the f or c e of g ood and b ad work s th ey i nh er i t
b odi e s acc or di ng t o the i r de s ert s t o die an d b e b or n ov e r
H e nc e the re is n o n e c e ssi ty for asc ertai n i ng wh at
an d ov e r
b e c om e s of th e m
i
ndn e ss of a p r ofe s sor to al l c re atu re s
f
i
t
b
e
a
i
d
k
I
s
3
is p r ov erb i al an d th at actu ate s h im to i mpart th e n e c e ssary
i nstruct i on to th ose s eek i ng for k nowl e dg e h e nc e th ere is
u
i
w
o
n
The
r
o
fe
s
r
n
o
e
s
al re ady a n e c e ss i ty
q re s z] S ay
p
[
t h e n whether t h at p er son of du l l i n te l l e c t is an e nqu ie r of
s e l f k n owl e dg e or av er s e t o i t P
I f h e is av er s e t o e n qu i re after s el f k nowl e dg e he
4
s h oul d p r ac t i se adequ ate work s an d wor s h i p ;
[one de s i r ou s
th e ab ode of B ra/2772a s h oul d h av e re c our se to
of ob t ai n i ng
wor s h i p ; and work s are n e c e ssary for h im who de s i re s t h e
ab ode of he av e n ]
I f h e is an e nqu i rer wi th i ntel l e c t dul l
h e s h oul d b e in s tructe d by th e door of s el f b l issfu l ne ss ia
s h o rt by th e c on s i der at i on t h at h is i n di vi du al b l i ssfu l ne ss is
no oth e r b u t B R AH M A :
2

And

278

P A NC H AD A S L

As

f orth by

se t

w i fe M A I T R E

Y Aj

N A V AL KY A

in h is di s c our se wi th h is

Kn ow my de ar ,

th at h u s b an d is n ot de ar for
t h e s ak e o f h u s b an d s e n j oy m e n t
b ut b ec au s e h e c on tr i
b ute s to th e h ap p i n e s s of th e w i f e
6
H u sb an d wi fe we al th h or se an d c attl e B rahmana
K s /z el r gy a ; t h e s eve r al ab ode s h e ave n etc ; D eva Vedas an d
t h e el e m e n t s e arth an d th e re st ; in s h ort all ob j ect s of e nj oy
m e n t are d e ar b ec au s e t h ey are b e n e ci al to S el f
W h e n a wi fe is de s i r ou s of h er h u sb and sh e l ov e s
7
h im ; an d wh e n h e i s h u n g ry or o th er w i s e e m p l oy e d or con
ne d in b e d wi th s i ck n e ss h e de s i re s h e r n ot
8
Th eref o re i t is ev i de n t th at th e l ove wh i c h a w i fe
b e ar s to h e r h u sb an d is n ot for h is s ak e b u t for h e r s el f
g rat i c at ion ; i n t h e s am e way do e s th e h u s b an d exp re s s h is
f on dn e ss for h e r on ly for th e g r ati c at i on of h is de s i re and
n o t for h er s ak e
YI

'

'

i t m ay b e c on te n de d l et the i r i n di v i du al de s i re b e
t he i n ce n t i v e for on e l i k i n g th e oth e r h ow is i t p oss i b l e for
b ot h of th e m b e i n g actu ate d b y th e s am e de s i re at on e t i me ?
S urely i f s el f g rat i c at ion were c on ce r n e d in i t th at wou l d
re n de r s uc h de s i re b e i n g p re s e n t in on e a n d ab se n t in th e
o th er
T o t h i s t h e re pl y is b o th are ac tu ate d by the g r at i
fic a ti o n of th ei r i n di vi du al de s i re s
9

But

F or

e x am p l e a c h i l d k i ss e d by th e f ath e r c r i e s wi th
p ai n c au s e d by t h e b e ar d p re s s i n g ag ai n s t it s c heek ; yet
i n s te ad of de s i s t i n g h e c on t i n ue s h is k i s se s n ot for g r ati fy i n g
t he ch i l d b u t for h is o wn s ak e
10

G e ms

an d

h ave
per s on p r o tect s t h e m w i t h c are
s ake b u t fo r h is o wn b e n efi t
1 1

w e al th

1 2

d e s i re

an d

of

the i r

fect i on

af

ow n ,

n or for

yet a
the i r

B u l l o ck s

de s i r o u s

wade rs
t he

no

and

t h e r b e as t s

of

c arr y i n g a ny
H e re t h e s ub j e c t

tr ade sman

b u rde n ,
o f aff e

s an d n ot t h e

b e as t

b u r de n

t he y a re
for c a rr y i n g

ye t

ct i on

of

are

ever

ed
we i g h t

so

us

by
is

2 80

P A N C H AD A S I .

S o man y

i l l u str ati ons h av e b ee n addu c e d with th e

p u rp ose of e n qu i r i ng i nto th e app l i c ab i l i ty o f th e ru l e th at
for th i s l o ve of
i n al l ou r p r act i ce s ( e ati ng
e v e ry wh ere
S el f e very th i n g is de ar to u s ; and th e mi nd sh ou l d b e
r
per
ly
i
p
re
m
s s e d w i th i t
o
p
I f i t b e conte n de d affect i on for al l su b st an c e s
2 1 22
th ey are c onduc i ve t o th e b e n e t of S el f doe s n ot
as
n e c e ss ar i ly c on s t i tute aff ec t i on for h im ; b ec au se t h ere are
fo ur v ar i et i e s of i t an d th i s one is d i sti n c t fr om th e m
T h eref ore a d i ss e n te r ask s of wh at s ort is th at aff e c t i on for
S el f s p oke n of in th e S ru t z ? Wheth e r i t is in th e f or m of

r de s i re ?
o
f
a
as
s
i
o
n
f
a
i
th
d
e
v
o
t
i
o
n
O
th
e
m
p
s
s
i
o
n
w
o
ul
d
p

f ai th for sac r i c i al wo rk s
o n l y b e app l i c ab l e t o wi fe et c ;

de v ot i on woul d h ave Gu ru D eva et c for its subj ec t ; an d

Th us
de s i re for a th i ng wh i c h one has n ot g ot al re ady
th e n affe c ti on c annot p ossi b l y i nc l u de al l c on f or mab l e th ing s
repl ie s
T o th i s th e
an d m ak e th e m its su bj e c t
L et th e modi c at i on of th e g ood qu al i ty of th e i n te rnal org an
wh i c h f ol l ows h ap p i n e ss onl y b e c al l e d aff ec t i on th e n
at [ doe s n ot n ece ssar i l y c on ver t
2
Th
i nt o
aff e c t i on
3
d e s i re ; for de s i re at r st p e rv ade s t he s ubj ec t of h ap p i ne ss
w h i ch we h ave n ot g ot wh ere as af e c ti on h as for its s ubj ec t
b oth th e g ot an d u ng ot v ar i eti e s of h app i ne ss i nasmu ch as
i n h app i ne s s al re ady p re se n t an d wh e n i t h as b ee n de str oye d
th e re is n e v e r wan ti ng affecti on for Se l f Th i s th e n is t h e
d i ff ere n c e b et wee n aff e c ti on an d de s i re
Ju st as f ood and
d r i n k are de ar for th ey are as soc i ate d wi th an d are m e ans of
h ap p i n e ss ; so for S e l f b e i ng de ar wi ll l i ke the m b e a me ans
of h app i n e ss ?
f
n
or b e i ng de ar S e l f
n
I
f
th
e
l
i
k
e
f
d
a
d
d
r
i
k
24
n
o
o
[
]
b e re g ar de d as an adequ ate m e an s of h ap p i n e ss who wou l d
b e th e e nj oye r ? R e g ar di ng f ood and dr i nk t he sub st an c e s
of e n j oy me n t are t h e as s oc i ate for wh i c h t h ey are sai d t o
p r oduce h ap p i n e ss ; b ut in re s pect to S el f t here is n o assoc i ate
i n the s h ape of e nj oy ab l e s ub st an c e s c onse que ntly n o m e ans
20

'

29 1

P A NC H A D A S L

Wi th

th i s ptl rp ose the S zdd/z anl z ask s his

O p pone n t i f for S e l f b e i ng de ar h e b e th e me an s of h app i
w ho wi l l b e th e subj ec t of th at affecti on in sh or t t h e
n e ss
e n j oyer ? N o one ; b ec ause ap ar t f rom S el f th ere is no e n
j oye r I f i t b e sai d for h is b ei ng de ar Sel f is t to b e a
the n th e r epl y is to re g ar d th e same su b
s ubj e c t of affe c t i on
a
s
a
o
n an d ac t or s i mu l t an e ou s ly i m p l i e s th e pre
b
th
ct
i
o
e
c
t
j
s e n c e of p ropert i e s op p ose d t o e ach oth er h en ce i t is ab s ur d
t o h ol d Sel f as b oth th e s ubj e c t of b e n et as wel l as the b ene
te r at th e same t i me
T here can onl y b e aff e c t i on for h ap p i ne ss de r i v ed
25
fr om te mp or al e nj oy me nt s su c h as we al th w i f e ch i l dre n and
th e re s t an d not its ex c e ss Sel f is e x cee di ng ly dear h e n c e
T h e n ag ai n mater i al
l ove of S el f is i n n i tely s up er i or t o i t
h ap p i ne ss is apt to c h ang e its s i te someti me s p e rv adi ng one
se t of obj e c ts wh i c h no soone r g ot p oss e ss i on of th an h u n
g er i ng for Oth er s i t doe s not re mai n x e d as a r u l e wh i c h
aff ect i on for S el f ne v e r doe s
th ere f or e l ov e of S el f is sai d to
b e su per i or to al l
26
A b andoni ng one v ari et y of te mp oral ( mater ial ) hap p i
ne ss me n are al way s f ou nd b e n t afte r th e e n j oy m e n t of an
oth er ; b ut Sel f is n e i th er c ap ab l e of b e i ng ab an don e d nor is
h e acc ept ab l e h e nc e S el f l ov e c ann ot b e sai d t o c hang e
27
N or can i t b e s ai d S el f is t to b e di s re g ar de d l i k e a
b it of s tr aw ; i nasmu c h as h e is n ot a s ubj ec t of e i ther b e i ng

r
ab an don e d o acc ep te d
B e c au se he who is t o di s re g ar d S el f
is one wi th h im
28
I f it b e c on te nde d th at the assert i on S e l f is not a

s ubj ec t of b e i ng ab an done d doe s not h ol d t ru e ; for in i ll n e ss

and ang er men are f ou nd t o ex p re ss a de s i re of de ath so th at
of

h appi ness t oo

'

'

'

re

ect
i
n of i n tel li g e nce ; h is i n d i v i du al s elf is i nde s
o
7
t ru c t ib l e i n t e ll ig e nce
wh ic h is na tur all y on e w it h h im for wh ic h
h e c ann ot d i s r e g ar d Self as some th i ng d i s t i nc t and s ep a r ate l i k e
a b i t of s tr a w
9

i v a is

28 2

P ANC H AD

AS I

fr om h atr ed S el f is ab andone d T he re p l y is th at desi r e

c au se d by h atre d h as for its s ubj e c t th e g r oss p hy s i c al b ody
d i ffere n t fr om s e l f an d th e w i s h to die can on ly aff e c t i t ;
b ut n ot Sel f who is i n d e struc ti b l e
2
Th
e
phy
s i c al b o dy wh i c h is p arte d c omp any w i th at
9
de ath is n ot Self ; b ut its r el i n qu i s h e r di ff er e n t fr om it
ar di n g th e re l in
d
d
i
n
a
t
h
e
re
c
a
n
b
e
n
h
a
tre
re
a
o
i
n
s
d
s
;
g
[f
]
u is h e r th ere is th er e f ore n o ab an don m e n t of se l f l ove in t he
q
de s i re of de ath
T h u s h av i n g e st ab l i s h e d th e truth of th e S ru l z tex t s
30
re g ar di n g Y AJ N A V AL KA S addr e s s t o h is w i fe M A I T RE Y I com m e n

c i ng wi th th e h u sb an d is n ot de ar t o t h e wi fe for h is de s i re
for th e g r at i c ati on of s e l f de s ire al l are de ar
an d e n di n g in
th e s ubj ect is furt h er i l l u s tr ate d by ar g u m e n t
t o h im
H u s b an d w i fe an d t h e re s t in s h ort al l t h e m ateri al s of h app i
n e ss
i nasmuc h as th ey c on tr i bute t o t h e wel f are of S el f are
h el d de ar
A s th e s on is de arer t o th e f ath e r th an th e s on s
fr i e nd ; so for t h e i r rel at i on wi th h i m al l s ub j ect s of affec t i on
e

are extre m el y d e ar t o s e l f
.

'

t h e os op h i s t s el f is very dear for h is b ei ng e ter n al

bl i ss ; bu t w i t h t h e c omm on h er d t h e rul e is ot h er w i s e ; i g n ora n t
of h is n a tur a l bl i s s ful n e s s t h e y a re d elu de d t o h u n t a fte r te m p or al
e nj oy me n t w h ich rece i v i n g re ect i on of h a pp i n e s s fr om h im
t e mp t s t h e m t o t h e belief t h a t i t is s up re m e fel ic i t y ; a n d t o reg a r d
w i t h a ffect i on t h e i n ter n a l o rg a n w h ic h rece i ve s t h a t re fl ect i o n of
h app i ne s s t h e s en s e s s i tu a te d cl os e t o i t a n d t h e v it a l a i r s a s
t h ey are d i rectl y rel a te d t o S e lf
N ow t h e p h y s ic a l b ody is
i nc a p able o f recei v i n g t h e re ex h a p p i n e s s s o t h a t i t h a s n o d i rect
rel a t i on w it h S elf : on t h e c on tr a ry t h ere is a s ec on d h an d in
d i rect or m e d i a te rel a t i on bet w ee n him a n d t h e p hy s i ca l b ody
t h r ou g h t h e s ubtle b ody w h ic h is i m m e di a tel y c onn e cted w i t h him
S i m il a rl y
on t h e o n e h a nd a n d t h e p hy s ic a l b ody o n t h e o t h er
s on w ife e tc
a re c on n ecte d b y m e an s of t h e
p h y s ic al b od y a s
t h e i r fr ie n ds a re by t h e m ; s o t h a t t h e com pa r a ti ve sc ale of aff ect i on
p r ocee ds a t a p rog re s s i ve r a t i o of i ncre m e n t in t h e pr op orti on of
t h e c onnect i on of a t h i ng wi t h S el f : t h at is t o s ay Se lf is t h e
9

o a

28 4

P A N C H AD AS I .

Wh i c h me ans th at the S el f in the sh ape of son ac ts

for p er for mi ng meri t ori ou s
as t h e s ub sti tute of th e f ath er
work s an d s ub seque n tly in dot ag e th at other S el f ( th e f ather s)
c ons i der i ng h i msel f b e nete d by th e g ood dee ds don e b y
t he s on
di e s to re ap th e i r re s ul t s ; an d b e l i e v e s h i m sel f to
h av e ac h i e v e d su cc e ss in all th at was n ece ssary to b e done
O f th at i n fer i or i ty of s el f t o s on wi fe etc
p assag e s
35
F or e x ampl e
ab ou n d in th e P are nt too
O ne wi th out a

s on h as no ab ode h ere afte r

S i nc e son is th e pr i mary s el f
a son l e s s f ather ( th ou g h ) h av i ng h is own Sel f ) h as n o futur e
ab ode t o i nh er i t aft er de ath
The n ag ai n th e S ratz say s i
L e ar n e d me n sp e ak oi a s on i n stru c te d in the Vedas as

b e n e c i al t o h is f ath er s h ere after

a
f
ng re ape d by son
n
6
H
u
m
a
h
a
pp
i
e
s
i
s
c
a
p
b
l
e
o
b
e
i
s
n
3
T o a f ather w i th out son
on ly an d n ot by any other m e an s
t h e u su al me an s weal th etc are a sou rc e of c re at i ng indif
fe re nc e A son e du c ate d in th e Vedas 18 sai d t o b e t he
Th ou art
me an s of p r oc u r i n g a future ab ode for h is f ath er

B RAH M A and s i m i l i ar other sacre d text s are p r on ou nc e d by a

dy i ng f ath er to i n struc t h is s on
N ow th i s i n feri or i ty of s el f t o son et c doe s n ot re st
37
e nt i rely on th e S r u tz an d other p r oof s b ut l i ke wi s e on p op ul ar
i
w
s equ al ly admi tte d
r
c
ti
c
e
h
ere
th
i
uper
i
r
i
ty
s
o
s
a
p
ng
referr
i
n g t o i t we n d
a
f
a
ther
f
a
c
i
d
e
a
th
F
8
r
o
n
o
[
]
3
an d u nder g oi ng pr i v at i on s t o acqui re we al th th at h is wi fe an d
son m ay l i ve ( after h is de ath ) in h ap p i n e ss an d be free fr om
Th u s s on and wi fe are super i or ; oth er wi se h e woul d
m i s ery
n ot b e so mi ndfu l of t he i r h ap p in e ss at th e c os t of s o mu c h
h ar ds h i p an d l ab ou r t o s el f
d
l
z ant z admi t s th e t ruth of t h e S m l z asser ti on
d
h
z
T
e
S
39
ab out th e su per i or i ty of s on t o S el f and c on r me d by p opul ar
pr ac t i c e t oo H e say s Y e s wh at you say ab out th i s super i
I f i t b e ap p reh e nde d th i s admi ssi on wi l l cre at e
o rity is t rue
d i s c or d wi t h th ose other p ass ag e s where th e s uper i or i ty of
S el f ( as wi t ne ss) h as b een mai ntai n e d t h en the reply is t h at
34

'

'

'

'

P A NC H A D A S I

doe s

2 85

e c e ssar i l y re duce S el f i nt o a su bor di nate p osi ti on

i n feri or to son an d th e re st O n th e other h an d to e st ab l i sh
the superi or i ty or pr i mary i mp ort an ce of a subj e c t p racti
c al ly u se d as s el f three v ar i eti e s of A t ma are S p oke n of vzz
s e c on dary wi th th e modi c at i on of qu al i ty u nre al
and
p r i mary

A s for i nst anc e D E VA D AT T A S I N H A I

H ere th e r st
40
wb rd is th e name of a per s on an d th e l as t s t an ds for l i on a
b e ast of p rey ; b ut for t he p re se nc e of th e attr ibu te s of t he
l atter in th e p er son c al l e d D E VA D AT T A they are attr i bute d t o
h im an d th e t wo are non di sti n ct ; s i m i l arly S e l f an d son are
n atur al ly d i s t i n ct ( l i ke D E VA D A T T A an d l i on) but for th e attrib u
t i on of S el f t o son they are re g ar de d one an d n on di s ti n c t ;
for a l i ke m odi c ati on of qu al i ty as in t h e i n st an c e u nde r

f
a
a
i ll u str ati on th e i de nti ty o se l f wi t h s on is c al l e d G m
or
s e c on dary
Ju st as th e stu mp of a tree t ake n for a th i ef c ann ot
4r
f
i
b
ly
b
e
a
th
i
ef
o
r
th
e
d
i
s
ti
c
t
i
b
et
w
ee
tree
n d a th i ef
n
a
s
s
o
n
n
a
o
p
an d i t is u n re al ; s o for the d i sti n ct i on bet wee n th e ve s h e ath s
an d the wi t ne ss i ng i ntel l i g e nc e ( S e l f ) th e attr i b ut i on of S el f to
th e m is u nre al
not n

'

W or ds a re c a p able of bei ng u nde r s t ood ei t h er b y t h e pr i ma ry

force i n h ere n t in t h e m wh ic h is t h e pri n ci pal m od ic a t i on or fr om

t h e f orce of i n dica ti on fr om t h e per q ui s i tes of q u a l i ty N ow t h i s

q u al it at i ve s i g n ic at i on is c alle d c m B r z tt z for ins t ance

H e re for t h e pre s e nce of b ra ve ry etc wh ich

D E V AD AT T A S I N HA
'
t o c a ll t h e per s on D E V AD AT T A l i on
a re c h a r a cter i s t ic of t h e l i on
S i m il a rl y in reg a r d t o Self w h ose l i te ra l
s i g n ie s t h a t h e is br a ve
but in
s i g n ic a ti on is w it n e ss t h a t w i t n e s s is t h e p ri nci p al Self
t h e a ttributi on of u n re a l q u a li t ie s t o Self for i n s t a nce t h a t h e is

n
b
e
depe nds h is
n
r
e
t
o
t h e doe r of wor k s for prese t
fu ture
c onn ecti on w i t h s on etc w h ic h c an not l it e ral ly s i g n ify S elf h e nce
t h e s i g n i c a ti on of s on a n d t h e res t a s Self ( for t h i s modic a t i on
is c alle d t h e s ec ondary Self or S el l wi th q u al i ty
of q u al it y )
9*

M au n at ma)

286

P A N C H A D AS I

ee n b et wee n the wi tne ss ( S el f ) and

oth er th i ng s as man i fe s te d in r e sp ec t t o th e s e c on dary Sel f
n or is th ere any di ffere nc e l ik e th e u n re al Sel f ( th e
( son
h
y
i
c
l
b
y
b
e
c
au s e th ere doe s n ot ex i s t any th i ng d i ff ere nt
d
a
o
s
;
)
p
A n d as h e is i nter nal to th e m al l h e is n e c e ssar il y
from him
t he p rimary or re al s el f
F or t h i s threef ol d di ff ere nce e ac h i n di v i du al t ake s
43
t h at t o b e h is p r i mary s el f wh i ch h e h as l e ar n t fr om p r act i c e
T h at is to s ay o r di n ary p er son s de v oi d of sel f k n owl e dg e
fol l ow th e u s u al p r ac t i ce c on n e c t i ng wi fe s on b ody etc w i th
S el f an d bel i e v e th e m t o b e re al ; b ut a th e osop h i s t re g ar ds
Th u s
e v ery th i n g el s e to b e u n re al s av e B RA H M A the wi t n e ss
Vea zc or
for a di ffere n c e in p r act i c e j whe th e r i t b e p op ul ar
etc or t h e phy s i c al
t h at of a the osoph i s t e i the r son wi f e
b ody , or th e w i t n e s s is re g ar de d as th e p r i n c i p al s el f
f
a
a
s on i n
cc
o
r
d
i
n g ly we n d] in th e
c
s
e
o
pe
r
A
44
[
de ath b e d h is son wi fe et c app e ar as t h e p r oper p art i e s t o
l ook after the h ou se and p r operty an d th ey are h is s ec on dar y
s el f ; b ec au se th ey are de s i r ou s of s ur vi v i n g h i m : b u t n e i th e r
th e wi t n e ss ( re al S elf ) n or th e p hy s i c al b ody ( u nre al Sel f ) are
t for s uch wo rk i nas much as th e f or mer is u n chan g e ab l e an d
h av e n o de s i re wh i l e th e l atter in c on fr on t i n g de ath is re duce d
t o h el p l e s s ne ss ; c on seque n tly s on and th e re s t appe ar as th e
s
i
n
c
i
p
l
el f
a
r
p

F or e x amp l e
Th i s re ade r is re
H ere i f the
45
l i ter al ac c ept at i on of re b e t ake n th e s e nte n ce l ose s its me an
in g ; b ec au s e re is n e i th e r c ap ab l e of re adi ng nor of pro
an d one who can re ad is the t p er son th eref or e it
n ou ncin g

B oy s re adi n g
woul d s i g n i fy
A n d t h i s is m e an t
S i mi l arly in th e o r di nary p h r as e
I h av e b ee n re
46
du ce d in e sh an d i t is n ece ssary th at I s h al l b e st out in

b ody th e c onnect i on of s el f wi th th e p hy s i c al b ody ( th e i r

i de n t i ty ) is p r oper ; b u t for th e p u rp ose of re g ai n i ng e s h i t is
n ot nece ssary th at t he s on s h ou l d b e fed wi th g ood f ood, etc ;
hence b ody is the pr i nc i pal se l f
42

N o di st i nc t i on is

'

2 88

P A N C H AD A S I

th ose th i ng s are di v i s i b l e i nt o two var i et i es ac

F or
c or d i ng as they are e i ther obj ec ts of di sre g ar d or of h ate
i n st an ce str aw an d rub b i s h dep osi te d on the r oads i de c ome
wh i l e ti g er an d othe r fer oc i ou s an i mal s
u nder th e r s t v ari ety
i nas mu c h as th ey c au se i n j ury are obj ect s t to be h ate d
T he se are the f our sort s of th i n g s to wit
Sel f ( th e de are st ) th i ng s be nec i al ( de ar ) ; worth le ss
52
an d h ateful
B u t th ere i s n o s u c h rul e in th e m th at on e p art i
cu l ar obj ect i s th e de are s t another de ar a th i r d worth l e ss and
fourt h h atef u l
on th e ot h e r h an d t hat depe nds up on ac t i on
acc or di ng as they are b e n ec i al or oth e rwi s e

r
F
o
a
m
ex
pl
e
Whe n a t i g e r eon fronts a p e r son wi th
53
a v i e w of de v our i ng
h im i t is h ate fu l ; b u t whe n i t r etur n s
b af e d i t is worthle ss ; wh e n wh ee dle d i n t o S p ort t o exc i t e
T hu s the same ani mal from a di i
p l e asure the n it is l ov e d
51

A nd

.r

c q ui s it i on of ha pp i nes s and c e ssation of misery

o r it s w an t a n d t h e i r m e a n s t h e s e four are ad eq ua t e ob j e ct s of
d es i re a n d c alle d c on for mable B u t t h ere is t his d i ffe rence bet wee n
Sel f wh o is s upre m el y bl is s ful a n d wa n ti ng in m i s er y is
t h em
e xtre m el y c on fo r m abl e a n d for h is bei ng t h e s ub j e c t of exclu s i v e
h app i ne s s p r oc ure d from
a ffecti on h e is s a i d t o be ver y d e ar
wor k s of t h e pre s e n t or pas t lif e as i t is n on et e r na l a nd c os t s u s
m uc h tr ouble a n d m i s ery is c a lle d more c on for mabl e he nce for
i ts bei n g t h e s ub j ect of a h i g h e r d eg ree of affect i on t h a n its m e a ns
w h ic h a re p a i n ful is s a i d t o be de a rer ; a nd t h e m e an s for h a pp i
n e s s a n d ce s sat i on of m is e r
y wh ic h a re n a tur ally n ot wa n t i ng in
e i t h er of t h e m but a re h e l pful t o t h e i r p rod uc t ion ( h e nce c on f or m
a bl e) a re m erel y d e a r for bei n g t h e s ub j ect of on l y a s l i g h t de g ree
B e y on d t h e s e fou r n o o t h e r ob j ect is ever de s i re d for
o f affecti on
w h ic h t h ere is n o o t h er c on f or m able s ub s t a n ce ; but di ff eri ng f rom
it an d t h e u n con f or m a ble are t h e i n i m ic a l t h at is to s ay i n i m ic al
for w h i ch t h e y a re n o s ub j e ct s of
s u b s t a n ce s a re n ever d e s i re d
B u t a s t h ey a re t h e
a ffe c ti on a n d c on s e q ue n tl y a re d e a r n e i t h e r
c onse q ue ntly t h ey are ei t h e r
of d i s re g a r d an d h ate
s ub j e c t s
wort h le s s or h a teful
d es i re d ;

of

wh ic h

'

.
-

P A N C H AD A S I

in its

28

c t i on is re spe ct i v e l y th e su bj ec t of hate dis

an d aff ecti on
I f i t be c on t ende d to admi t th e p re sen ce of th e thr e e
54
afore sai d qu al i ti e s in th e same s ub st an c e w i l l do away w i t h
e s t ab l i she d u sag e T h e reply is u sag e is re g ul ate d n ot b y
th e i nd i v i du al qu al i ty but by the f orce of i n di c ati on A n d th e
in di c at i on s are fr i e ndl i n e s s h os t i l i ty and the i r ab s e n c e
[Th at
is to say frie n dl i n e ss or c on f or mab i l i ty t o h ap p i ne s s is t he
i ndi c ati on of affecti on wh at i s h osti le t o h app i n e s s an d b ri n g s
ou pai n is th e i n di c at i on of h ate ; an d wh at is n e i ther fr ie n dl y
nor h os t i l e i n di c ate s worth l e ssn e ss]
5 5 T o su m up t h e n e ac h i n di vi du ate d S el f is th e de ar
e st an d th ose rel ate d t o h im are de ar an d su b st an ce s d i ffe re nt
fr om the m are e i th er h ateful or worth l e ss for th ey are p ro
du ct ive of p ai n or i n c apab l e of c au s i n g e i th er h ap pi ne ss or
mi sery The se are th e f ou r s e parate f or ms of th i ng s re g ul ate d
by p op ul ar us ag e ac c ordi ng t o thei r di ffere n t u se s and bey ond
t h em th ere is n ot anothe r
S o say s Y A J NAV AL KY A t oo
i
ne
m
6
I
t
i
t
o
b
e
i
a
i
n
e
th
a
t
h
e
a
b
v
e
d
o
ctr
Sel f
o
s
n
o
t
d
t
g
5

is mos t b el ov e d finds m e n ti on on ly in t h e B r zlmaarany ako

anic/rad ; oth e r p assag e s t o th at e ffect occur in th e P u mlrma a:
p
Who is de are r th an son h ou se
B ra/ mand
F or i n st ance
l an d c attl e an d ri c h e s who is more i n ter n al an d de are r th an

s
d
re
i
t
l
th
n
n
th
e
re
t
th at Se l f most
a
n
a
t he se nse s m o
n erna
so
int ri nsic al ly s i t u ate d t o t h e m ai l is th e cl e ar e st or most
"
b e l ov e d
on si dere d i t wi l l
d
f
t
I
f
th
e
u
rp
t
th
e
r
u
b
e
u
l
y
c
r
z
o
o
S
7
p
5
A nd
b e f ou nd th at th e wi t ne ss i n g I n tel l ig e nc e al on e is Sel f

th at du e c onsi der at i on c ons i st s in di sc ri mi nati ng the ve

s h e ath s f oodfu l an d th e re s t an d th in g s s ub or di nate t o or in
c l u de d in the m and as ce rt ai n i ng thei r di ffere n c e fr om Se l f ;
I n th i s mann e r t o k now h im
wh at is i nter n al to the m is Sel f

by i nfere n c e is me ant by t he v er b t o c ons i der

n terna l ly s i tuate d b e s ee n ? I n
t
c
e
i
H
a
a
s
u
b
a
w
8
o
c
n
s
n
5
t h i s wi se z T hat se l f i ll u mi nate d in te lli g e nce wh ich dis c ov ers

fere nc e
re g ar d

-r

'

'

- ~

'

P A N C H AD A S I .

2 90

wak i ng

dre ami ng

p rofotm d

and

l u mb e rth e i r

appearance

n
is Sel f
a
a
a
i
ppe
r
ce
an d d s
"
n
f
m
i
th e V t al air
39 A l l sub s t a c e s o e nj oy me nt fr o
( P ran a) to ri ch e s are m ore or l e s s c l ose to S el f for wh i c h
they are more or l e ss de ar t o me n
60
A s on is de arer t h an r i c h e s , an d th e p hy si c al b ody
is de arer th an s on
I n th e s ame way th e s e n se s are de are r
th an th e b ody m i nd de arer th an t he se n se s and S e l f de are st
i n c omp ar i s on t o m i n d
Th ou g h exce ss i ve de arne s s of S e l f is e st ab l i sh e d in
or
t he 5 m ?! an d oth e r p r oof s yet i t is a matter of d i sput e
b et wee n th e w i s e an d i g nor an t , an d for th e p u rp os e of se ttl i n g
i t th e S ru tz cite s i t as an ex am pl e If i t b e aske d wh at doe s
th at di s pute pr ov e
I t pr o ve s Sel f to b e th e de are s t
62
A the 0 30 p h ist s ay s of all v i s i b l e obj ect s Se l f is th e

de are st
B u t i g n or an t p er son s s ay son , wi fe etc are t he
de are st and the wi t ne ss ( Se l f ) for th e sake of e nj oy i ng the m is
de ar
63 A p up il qu al i e d for se l f k n owl e dg e an d a d i sse nt i e n t
a
r
n
b
th
re
r
d
o
m
eth
i
n
th
e
r
t
h
a
n
Sel
f
t
o
b
e
d
e
a
r
s
o
o
s
o
e
g
g
p
A th e osop h i st rep l i e s to th e m in suc h a mann e r as t o e n ab l e
t h e f or mer to h av e a c or re c t k nowl e dg e of S el f but to th e l atte r
i t is a c u r s e

64
H e say s
T h at de ar of y ou r s w i l l mak e y ou cry
o
o
f
u
s
o
o
I
n
h
rt
i
f
b
th
l ook u p on son w i fe etc as obj ect s of
y
[
aff e c t i on an d h ol d th e m de ar th e i r de at h wi l l mak e ou wee
y
p]
.

'

H ere m i nd is m ean t by V i t a l air or P ran a B ec au s e i t is

t h e rece i ver of re ected h a ppi n ess of S el f a n d is t h e c on troller of
t h e s e ns es for wh ic h i t is t h e Lord W h e n m e n t al di s t rac ti on is
c au s e d b y d i seas e of t h e e y e etc a per s on s ay s if t h e dis e as e d
o r g an c oul d
t h eref ore t h e m i n d is t o b e
g o I woul d be h a pp y
t ak e n for P r a n a T h e n ag a i n as t h e m i n d ca n n e i t h er re m a i n in
or d ep a rt fr om t h e b ody li v i ng P ra n a t h a t is a n ot h er re a s on w h
y
m i n d is to be accepte d as t h e me an i ng of V i ta l air
1

29 2

P A N C H AD A S I .

What i t had no l i k i ng for H e nc e t he ab ove answer

"
y ou r de ar wi l l mak e you cry is v i rt u al ly a c u r se
*
r
F
a
n
w
0
o
o
r
f
B
k
e
o
RA
H
M
RAH
A
A
i
s B
M
t h e re f ore is
7
[
]
h e I S WARA ; an d wh at e sc ape s h is l i p s mu s t v er i ly c ome to
p ass so t h at di sse n te r su re ly su ff e rs fr om the c u r se of t he
the osop h i st

g e tt i ng

A t he osop h is t is B RA H M A bec au se th e S r u t z say s A k nowe r

"
of B R A H M A is B R AH M A
a n d for h is own exper ie n ce of on e n e s s
w i th I t
H e is I S W ARA or Lor d ; bec a u s e e xcepti ng B R AH M A
t h ere is no o t h er I S W ARA O r a s I S W A RA th e p re d i ca te d i n tell i g e n ce
of M ay a for t h e k n owle dg e of h is i de n ti t y w i t h a l l s el ve s is t h e i r
c ollect i ve ag g reg a te a nd free ; s o in a t h eos op h i s t for a s i m il a r
k nowle dg e of h is i d e n ti ty w i t h a ll s el ve s h e is t h e ir c ollect i v e
a g g re g a te a n d free
a n d l i k e t h e d i s c ov e r y of u n co vere d B RAH M A
t o I S W ARA t h e p re d ic a te d i n t e ll i g e n ce of M ay a
in t h e f or m of
h is own s el f i t h a p pe n s to a t h e os op h i s t t oo
T h u s t h e n for a
s i m il a r i de n t i ty of q u a l i t y a l s o a k n ower of B R A H M A is I S W ARA
F or ex a m ple a cert a i n k i ng a n d h is q uee n had t wo s on s of wh om
t h e el de s t i n h eri te d t h e wh ole s t a te a nd a sce n de d th e t h r on e
t h e y ou ng e s t for h is s tupi d i t y ha d t o tur n in to a s e rv ant N ow
bet wee n t h e b r ot h er s t h e d i ffere nce in c on d iti on was ext re m e ;
t h e y ou ng e s t t oo k t h e i nj u s t ice don e to him t o
s ub s e q ue n tl y
h e a rt an d wa n te d to s h a re t h e a n ce s t r a l p r op e rty e q u ally ; j u s t ice
w as on his s i de a n d h e rec overe d wh a t wa s d u e t o h im a n d wa s
I n t h e s a m e way of t h e f a t h er B R A H M A an d
d ul y i n s t a lle d
mot h er M ay a t wo s ons a re b or n c alle d j i v a a n d I S W A RA ; of t h e m
t h e el de s t I S W A RA i n h eri te d t h e f a t h er s we a lt h in t h e f or m of
'

bei ng
i n tell i g e nce an d bl i ss a n d t h e m ot h er s in t h e s h a p e
u n i ver s a l c on tr ol
an d
T he
of om n i pre s e n ce
om n i p ot e n ce
y ou ng e s t f i r m was depri ve d of h is i n h er it an ce fr om s tup i d ity
a n d w a s s ub j ecte d t o e x p e ri
a r i s i ng fr om w a n t of d i s cr i m i n a t i on
e nce h a pp i ne s s a n d m i s er y as a re s u l t of wor k s a nd wor sh i p :
s o t h a t t h e i r mutu a l d iff ere n ce is extre me
S ub s e q ue n tl y w h e n
h e a tt a i n s t h e u s u al m e an s of s elf k nowle dg e ( d i s c r i m i n a t i on
T h ou h as t bee n
s p ea k s
t o I S W A RA t h u s l
i s w A RA
am
e n j oy i n g t h e h i dde n t re asure of bl i ss f u l nes s of ou r c ommon F at h er
'

P A N C H A D AS L

29 3

O ne who wor sh i p s

t h e wi t ne ssi ng I nte lli g e nc e k now

ing th at to b e h is de are st sel f n e v e r exper i e n ce s an p ai n
; as
y
h ap pe ns t o me n h ol di ng wi fe son and te mp or al en j oy me nt s
de ar wh e n th ey die or d i sap p e ar
F or h is be i ng th e s ubj e c t of s up re me affe c t i on S e l f
72
is supre mel y b l i s sful an d i t is b ut p r ope r s o t o re ar d h im
g

A s in th e T az tery a an d B r z adarany aka Up an zlr aa:

F r om
th e h app i ne ss fel t b y th e e mp er o r of th e u n i v er se t o th at
pert ai n i n g t o th e p osi t i on of H z rany ag arva th ere is comme n
sur ate i n c r e as e of h ap p i ne ss in th e p r op ort i on as aff e c t i on is

p re se nt
7 3 B u t i t may b e obj e c t e d i f l ik e k n owl e dg e S el f b e
natur al ly b l i ss fu l
the n as in al l modi c ati ons of th e i n tel lect
i n te l l i g en c e is s ai d to b e p re sent th er e sh ou l d l i ke wi se b e
71

'

'

'

'

b l issu l ne ss

r
l
i
s
Th
e
ep
y
T h at is not p ossi b l e B e cau se a l amp
74
i s a f or m b oth of l i g h t an d he at b ut its l i g h t on ly p er v ade s
a room ; l i k e i t
i n te l l i g e nc e only is man i f e ste d and not
b l i ss ful n e ss
J u st as th e pre se n c e of sme l l form taste an d t ou c h
75
in th e s ame s ub st an c e is re c og n i se d by th e se n se s one on l y
b y e ac h smel l b y me an s of th e n ose ; f or m ey e ; t aste ,
t ong u e ; and t ouc h sk i n ; so of the t wo i nte l l i g e nc e and b l i ss
i nte l l i g e nc e al on e is man i fe ste d
I f i t b e al le g e d I nt e l l i g e nc e and b l i ss are not se par at e
76
.

p ropert y tur n e s t m e i n t o a beg g ar

"
as k i ng m e
T o g i ve al l t h i s t o t h ee
a n d p oi n ti n g t h e s a nct i on e d
w or k s wh ic h I a m t o perf or m a n d th e p r oh ibi te d wor k s w h ic h
I a m n ot t o pe rf or m t h u s v eri t abl y re duci n g me t o t h e p os iti on
o f a s erv a n t s o fa r a s obe d ie n ce t o t h e
Veda s is c on cer n e d ;
but ne w b y t h e h el p of Gu r u I w ill s na tc h fr om t h ee t h e pres en t
fu nd of bl i ss ful n es s i nas muc h as l h a ve don e away w i t h ou r
an d
a s s oci a te cre a te d di e re n ce of v i s ibil it y a n d i n vi s ibil ity etc
"
I n th i s
j o i ne d i n telli g e nce w i t h i ntell i g e nc e for t h ey are one
m anner does a t h eos oph i s t bec ome B RAH M A
and a

fter d i vi d i n g

the

m a ter n a l

P AN C H A D A S L

29 4

[ an d d i st i n c t b u t sme l l f or m et c
,

are

mutu all y di sti nc t ;

t he n

t h e q ue s t i on is wh eth er th at n on di st i n cti on of I n tel l i g e n c e

an d b l i ss ex i s t s in th e w i t n e ss ( Sel f )
or el s e wh ere in th e
m odi c at i on s of as soc i ate
[ Th i s is for the d i sse nte r to
an s wer ]
I f th e r st v i e w b e admi tte d t h e n l ook at th e i de n t i ty
77
in th e s am e owe r t oo
of sm el l e tc
A n d i f y ou h ol d s mel l
f or m t aste an d t ouc h are d i s ti n c t ( for th e p re s e n c e of dist inc
t i on in th e s e ve r al s e n se s th rou g h wh i c h t h ey are c og n i z e d)
y ou s h oul d l i k e wi se adm i t a d i s ti n ct i on b et wee n I n tel l i g e n c e
for a di ffe re n ce in th e m odi c ati on of t h e in tel le c t
an d b l i ss
c au se d by th e acti v e an d g ood q u al i t i e s of th e m i n d
W h e n as a re sul t of mer i t o r i ou s work t he mi nd h as
78
assu me d t h e m odi c ati on of g ood qu al i ty a p er son t he n dis
c o ver s i n te l l i g e n ce an d b l i ss are i de n t i c al ; b ec au s e th e modi
c at i on of g ood qu al i ty i s p ure an d f au l tl e ss ( tr ansp are n t ) B u t
t he m odi c at i on o f acti ve qu al i ty is i mp ure an d th at is why
th e p ar t re p re se n ti ng b l i ss re mai ns c ov ere d an d h i dden as if
u n de r a s h e ath
J u st as a sou r fru i t e ate n wi th s al t has its ac i di ty
79
c ov e re d so fr om t he m odic t ion of ac t i v e qu al i ty b li ssful ne ss
-

is

c ov e re d ?

IE

J u s t a s in be w il de r m e n t or c on fu s i on of t h e m i n d s ub j ect s
s i tu a te d n e a r a n d v i s i b le a re n ot d i s c o ver e d s o f rom its a ct i ve
O r for
m od i c a t i on t h e m i n d f a il s t o t a k e c og n i t i on of fel i c i t y
h is bei ng t h e s ub j e ct of e xce s s i ve l o ve t h e fel icit y o f S e l f m a n i
fe s t e d al way s is on l y or d i n a r y ; b ut wh e n i t is r e e c te d i n t h e
J u s t as
m o d i c a ti on of t h e m e n t al fu n ct i o n th e n i t is i n te n s i e d
a l oo k i n g
g l as s r e ce i v e s t h e re ect i on of a per s on but doe s n ot
g i ve a f a i t h ful i m ag e s o a re t h e m o d i fi c a ti on s p r oduce d fro m t h e
o f re ce i v i n g
t h e re e c ti on of
a ct i ve a n d d a r k q u a l i tie s c a p able
i n tell i g e n ce on l y a n d n ot bl i s s for w h ic h i t is n ot d i s cover e d L i k e
t h e re m o v a l o f a ci d i t y fr om a n u n r i pe a n d s o u r m a n g o b y m e a n s
t h e f el i c i t y n a tur a ll y p r e s e n t in S e lf is r e m ov e d b y t he
o f s a lt
m od i c a ti on s of t h e m en t a l fu ncti o n s ti r re d u p b y act iv i ty a n d ig
6*

nora nce .

29 6

pa nc na ns sr
.

te mporal

j y me nt hen ce h e has no arde nt de si re ;

and as h e h as n o e ne my h e h as no h at e in h im
86
I f you c on te n d di sc r i mi n at e p erson s are see n to ex
p re s s t he i r h ate ; t he re p l y is it h ol ds e qu al ly true wi th a
I n s h ort wh ate v e r c au s e s pai n to t he b ody et c
f rom
Y og i
t he sti n g of a s c orp i on to t he i nj u ry c au se d by ti g er s and
o the r wi l d ani mal s are equ al l y ob ect s of h ate b oth in a Y o i
j
g
as we l l as a man of di s c r i m i n at ion
A n d if duri n g suc h con
du c t you ce ase t o re c og n i se the d i s c r i m i n at i on of the l atte r
I may as wel l c e ase to c al l t h e fo r mer a Y og i
87
I f you say th at i nasmu c h as a p er son of di scri mi na
t i on s ee s th e obj ec t i v e wor l d wh i ch a Y og i doe s not th e ref or e
T h e re ply is in o r di nary prac t i ce th i s
i s the l atter s upe r i or
I f you s ay
m ater i al worl d is e qu al l y de al t wi th b y b ot h
t h ere i s n o c og n i t i on o f p h e nome na in Y og a ; i t hol ds equa l l y
t r u e wh e n th e per son is in h is d i s c r i mi n at i ng mood
A n d th at i m per c ept i on of p h e nome na wi l l b e spok e n
88
It is f au l tle s s
of in th e f ol l owi ng s ect i on
89
O ne wh o e x per i e n c e s in h is p er son th e b l i ss fu l n es s of
S e l f an d t ake s n o h ee d of th i s v ast m ater i al e s p an s e in s h or t
s ee s th e m not i f su c h a th e osop h i st b e y ou r Yog i may you
b e c on te n t an d g r ow in y e ar s
Th
e
p
urp
rt
of th e work is t h u s b r i e y de cl are d ]
o
0
9
[
A t man an aa f or m s th e s ec ond c h ap te r of t he tre at i s e
I t is wr i tte n for th e
B ra man an aa c on t ai n i n g v e c h ap t er s
b e n et of qu al i e d p er son s of du l l i n tel l e c t ; an d i t tre at s on
th e n atur al b li ssfu l ness of e ac h i nd i v i du al se l f si tu at ed most
i ntr i nsi cally
de si r e for

'

en o

.,

S EC

( ) A a wm t a n aml a
'

or

TI ON

Xl l l .

t he F el i ci ty of N on
a

u a l i ty

!I n th e r s t c h apte r ( c orre s p ondi ng t o Se c t X I ) fe l i c i ty has

b ee n de cl are d to b e th ree fol d v,iz th at p r ocee di n g fr om t he
cog n i ti on of B R AH M A
s el f k nowl e dg e
and te mpor al e nj oy
me n t ; to th e m h as b ee n adde d in th e p recee di n g tre ati se
an oth e r v arie t y t o wit sel f h ap p i n e ss ( A l man an da)
to preve n t
an y mi sap prehe n s i on as to its an t ag on i s m t o th e r s t th re e
for ms t he auth o r th u s O pe ns th e p re s e n t work
W hat has a l re ady b e e n sp oke n of as fel i c i ty p r ocee di ng
fr om ( Yog a) me n t al re str ai n t ( Yog anan da) is n o oth er b u t
J u s t as h app i n e ss der i v e d fr om th e c og n i ti on
s el f h app i n e s s
o f B RAH M A is due t o t he p r act i c e of Yog a for wh i ch i t i s c al le d
Y og anan da ; an d for its b e i n g u n assoc i ate d s el f h app i n e s s
so wi th th e vi e w of dec l ar i n g th e de s i r ab i l i ty of
k nowi n g th e fel i cit y of B RA H M A by a s ep ar ate c on s i der ati on of
t he th ree f o r ms o f S elf sec on dary u n re al an d pr i m ary th e

wor d A l man anda has b ee n made u se of ]

I f i t b e aske d
h ow can s el f h ap p i ne ss wh i c h is mater i al b e i de n t i c al wi th t he
f el i ci ty of B RAH M A wh ic h is de v oi d of du al i ty ( s e con dl e ss) ?
L i s te n to wh at f ol l ows
S ay s th e Y azl cry a Upan ishad
F r om eth er to the
a
d
o
d
n
hy
s
i
c
a
l
b
d
y
a
l
l
th
i
v
t
teri
a
l
e
p
a
n
s
e
h
a
s
b
ee
p
r
uce
o
s
m
a
x
a
s
p
f r om se l f h ap p i n e ss and n oth i n g e l se ; theref ore i t is se c on d
"
l e ss and i de n ti c al wi th B RAH M A
as b ee n p r odu c e d fr om
T
h
i
ter
i
u
i
v
er
e
m
a
h
s
a
s
l
n
3
h ap p i n e ss is se ate d in an d mer g e s i nt o
T here fore th er e
.

'

Sexu a l i n terc ours e is t h e s ource of a n i mal l i fe an d as its

r
ti
f
fel
ici
t
y
i
t
ca n e as il y be u n der s t ood
a
i
c ati on is a tte n de d w i t h
g
D ea t h
w h y h a p pi n e s s is s a i d t o be t h e ma i n s p r i ng of p h e n om e na
res e m bl e s pr of ou n d s le e p wh i c h t oo is full of h a p pi n e ss ; t h eref or e
we nd in t he tex t h ap p i ness t o be t h e cau s e of p h e nome na t h e y
'

P AN G H A D A S L

293

b e n o c on te nt i on as t o its pr i mal c au se being S e l f and

If any one b e s o i n cl i n e d as to mai n t ai n a
n ot h ap p i ne s s
di s ti n cti on bet wee n h ap p i n e ss an d th e obj e c ti v e worl d ; th e
reply is as th e u n i ve r s e is its pr o duct i t c ann ot b e d i sti nc t
fr om h app i ne ss ; for th e r e su l t i ng p r odu c t is n e v er di st i n c t
f rom its c au se as j ar fr om e arth
I f i t b e al l e g e d, j ar is t h e p rodu c t of th e p otte r an d
4
th ey are di sti n ct so th at th e ab ove rul e doe s not h ol d true ;
th e rep l y is, th er e are t wo v ar i eti e s of c au s e s i ns tru m e n t al and
mate r i al ; of wh i c h the mater i a l is n on d i ff e re n t fr om its
T heref ore l ik e e arth th e mater i al c au s e ( not porte r
p roduct
t h e i n s tru me nt al c au s e ) of j ar th i s s el f h ap pi ne ss ( A rmanan aa)
is the m ater ial ( not i n s tru me n t al ) c au se of t h e obj ec ti v e worl d ;
for wh i c h th ey are n ot di s ti n c t fr om on e an othe r
5 W h y is p otte r n ot th e m ater i al c au s e of j ar ? B e c au se
h e is n e i ther t h e re s t i ng pl ace nor th e s i te o f its de structi on
in s h ort p ri or to its p r oducti on and after i t is de s tr oye d a j ar
i s p re se n t in c l ay on ly requi r i n g t h e aid of a p otter w i th h is
wheel an d tur n i n g rod t o g i v e f or m an d s h ap e
S i n c e th ere
f o re t h at c l ay or e arth is its re s t i n g p l ac e i t is sai d to b e th e
mater i al c au se A nd l i k e th at e arth h app i n e ss is th e mater i al
c au s e of th e u n i v er se A s in th e S ru t i Th e s e e l e me nt s h av e

al l deri v e d th ei r o r i g i n fr om h ap p i n e s s
6
Th i s mater i al c au se is of th ree di e re nt f or ms v iz
2)
( r) A l tere d c o ndi t i on w i th ou t c h ang e of f o r m and s t ate ;
A l tere d c ondi t i on wi th c h an g e of f or m an d st ate ; and ( 3) C om
b i nat i on of the u ni t s of mater i al c au se p r odu c i ng di ffere nt

c an

e a te d in i t bec a u s e every where t h e one p re dom i n a t ing i dea:

is h o w t o be h a p py
A c cu m ul a ti on of w e a l t h p oss e s s i on of la nd ,
p r op e rt y w i fe c a ttle son etc a re a l l s o m a n y m e ans for i t ac
c o r d i n g t o p op u l a r i d e a ; in d e a t h we m er e i n t o s le e p a ty p i c al
g
c ond itio n of h a pp i ne ss
a re s

rau c u anasr

30d

t h e p ote nt c aus e for suc h a b el i ef l i k e th i ng s c re ate d in a

m ag i c perf or manc e by th e u se of c he mi c al r e ag e n t s sp e l l s,
an d c h ar ms
B u t f or c e is n ot di s ti n c t f rom matter th e at oms of
1 1
wh i c h a b ody is c om p os e d he n ce for t h i s ab se n ce of distin c
t i on as a sep ar ate e n ti ty i t is u n re al F or ex ampl e th e c on
s u m l u g f orc e of fi re is n ot d i s ti n c t fr om re ; n or can i t b e s ai d
t h at th ey are i de nti c al ; for th e c on su m i ng f orce i s see n at
t i me s fr om th e ac t i on of c h e m i c al re ag e n t s, et c t o b e in ab ey
I f ther e b e n o f orc e on wh at is
an ce an d n ot m an i fe s te d
th e ob st acl e to act ? Th at is t o say re wh i c h is di s ti n ctl y
s ee n c an n ot p oss i b ly h ave an y ob s truct i on s o th at i f a s ep a
t h at o b str uct i on
rate f orc e di s ti n c t fr om re b e n ot adm i tte d
Th eref ore t he
wi l l h ave n o subj e c t wh i c h is ob j ec ti on ab l e
re c og n i ti on of a di sti n c t f or c e as t he s ub j ect of ob stru c ti on,
s ep ar ate fr om th e b ody h av i n g th at f orce is n ece s sary
12
F or c e is i n fer r i bl e fr om act i on ; so th at whe n in s p i te
i t is c al l e d ob
of th e c au se b e i n g p re se n t n o ac t i o n re s ul t s
F or i n st an c e w he n a b l az i ng re doe s n ot b u rn
s truct ion
M an tras or sac re d f o r m ul ae p r on ou nc e d at th e t i me are s ai d
t o b e th e c au s e of ob s truc ti on
1 3 Th e n atur e o f M ay a is i ll u s tr ate d by re ferr i n g to th e te x t
A S ag e by r i g i d ab s tr acti on
of th e
a nd c on te m pl ati on c og n i s e s S el f t o b e n o o th er th an B ana n a
H e is n atur al ly s el f i l l um i n ate d but th e two f orce s of i g n or an c e

e n vel op m e n t an d p r oj ecti on ke ep h im eve r c on c e al e d

A n d acti on k n owl e dg e an d de s i r e are th e v ar i ous f or ms of
3
6
3
h is s up re m e f orce
,

'

*9

W i t h r e fer e nce

t h e c a u s a ti on of p h e nome na v a r i ous a re
t h e h y p ot h e se s p rev a l e n t a m ong s t t h e f oll ower s of t h e d i ff e re n t
s c h ool s
S ome s ay t h e worl d h as no c a u s e but ag a i ns t it t h e
o b j e cti on is a a r is s ee n t o be p r od uce d fr om cl a y
a n d t h ere ca n
j
b e n o j ar w it h o u t i t t h e re fore j t is ag a i n s t w h at w e s ee t o be a f act
O t h e r s asse r t noth i ng as th e c au se ; but not h i ng ca nnot p r oduce
to

P A N C H AD A S I

30 :

T h u s doe s th e R ig vcaa s pe ak of the wonderfu l f or c e of

M ay a B x sn rsm sp e ak s to th e same effect too F or i nst anc e
P A R AB RAH M A i s eter n al ful l on al l s i de s [ c omp l etely ll i n
g
u p t he f ou r qu arter s n orth s outh
e ast and we st] se condl ess
an d om ni p ote nt
[ Th e r st th ree e x p l eti v e s repre se nt th e
re al I mper s on al an d th e l as t th e ass oc i ate d or P er son al f or m
)
15
Whe ne v er t h at P A RAB RAH M A is re ve al e d th r ou g h any
modi c ati on of th e f or c e of M ay a th e f orce l ike wi se is m an i
fe ste d in th e sh ape of i ts p r oduct s
O h RAM i n th e b odie s
o f D evas me n rep ti l e s e t c
th e i n tel l i g e n ce of B RAH M A ( f or c e
i n th e f or m of c au se of u s i n g th at i ntel l i g e n c e is s ee n
)
16
J u s t as moti on is r e v e al e d in air i nert i a i n s t one
i n water its s ol v e nt f or c e an d c omb u st i on ; in re [ so doe s th e
u n i v er se ( p ote n ti al ly
) ex i st in B R AH WA in its u nre v e al e d st ate
if
pri or t o e vol u tion ]

1 4.
.

et h i n g A t h i rd s ay s v oi d wh ic h is t an t amou n t t o e t h e r
p r oduci n g ower s or re a pi n g a h a rves t of c orn w h ere n o s e e d h as
b e e n s own A f ourt h a t oms ; but t h e y a re f o r m le s s a n d i n se n t ie n t
A ft h h as ti me
he nce c an not g i ve f or m an d s h ape t o ob j e ct s
for t h e p ri mal c au s e ; but e v e n in t h e p re s e nce of t i me t h i n g s are
n ot pr odu c e d a l way s
A s ixt h as s ert s n ature t o be t h e u n i ver s al
c au s e but in t h e c a s e of s terile wom e n w e n d t h e rule b r ok e n
f or i t is t h e n ature of s e me n t o fertil i z e t h e ovu m y e t n o con c e pti on
A seve n t h xe s i t i n v i rtue a n d v i ce wh i c h t oo h as f a ul t s
foll ows
a s it i n clu de s on e v a ri e t y of c au s e p r odu ci ng on e s e t of re s ul t s a n d
T h e re are ot h e rs a g a i n w ho l ook u p on t he
e xclu d i n g t h e ot h e r
ele m e n t s P r a k r i t i P u ru s h t h e c om bi nat i on of m a tte r a n d s pi ri t
ce B RAH M A w i t h out t h e
u n de rg oi n g c h ang e of f or m a n d s ub s t an
S u f c e i t
M ay a i a forc e a n d B RAH M A wi t h i t a s t h e A l l C a u s e
t o s ay t h a t w i t h t h e exce p t i on o f t h e l a s t n a m e d one
t h e ot h ers
a re a ll ope n t o g r av e ob j e ct i on s
s om

T h ere are f ou r s ort s of de s tructi on ( P ral ay a) z ( a) da i ly

L i k e t h e l i g h t of
( 6) occ as i on al ( c) m a ter i a l a n d (d ) ex tre m e
l a m p t h e d i s s ol ut i on of al l s ub s t a nce s t h e i r d i s a pp e a r an ce ev e r y
m ome ntor in p r of ou nd sl umb e r whe n they are no more see n
-

P AN C H AD A S i

30 2

v oi d is its f or c e ; and in th i ng s de stru c

J u st as in its
t i b l e l i ab i l i ty t o de str u c t i on i s th e f or c e p re s e n t
a h u g e snak e re m ai n s u n di s c ov ere d so doe s th e u n i v er se
eg g
i n th e S up re me S el f re mai n i mp re s s e d or ex i s t p ote n t i al ly
A s fru i t s l e av e s o wer s b r an ch e s w i th th e asc e n d
18
i ng an d de sc e n di n g s te m of a c reeper as we l l as a s ha dy tre e
are c on n e d wi th i n th e i r s ee ds s o is th is won derf u l u n i v er se
re
e
t
i
n t h e Sup re m e B RAH M A
n
s
p
F r om th e won derfu l i n ue nc e of ti me an d pl ac e
19
some f or c e s are de v e l ope d fr o m th e s am e B ana n a ; j u st as
s e v er al s ort s of s ee ds sown in th e g r ou n d wai t for th e pr ope r
s e ason an d soi l t o g e rmi nate
[T o b e more e x p l i c i t ; if a
h an df u l of al l mann e r of see ds b e sown s om e on l y wi l l
th ose t o wh ic h th e se ason and s oi l are b oth ag ree
e
i
te
m
n
a
r
g

or refu se
b
l
e
other s wi l l wai t for th e p r op er t i m e to c om e
a
t o g r ow at al l as th e soi l is u n s u i te d t o th e m ; s i m i l arly of al l

n
a
l
n
t
M
m
a
n
d
o
l
Oper at e
f
r
c
c
e
tre
RA
H
A
e
ly
i
o
n
so
d nB
the o e s

1 7.

I n e the r,

h ei r d i s appe a r ance i n i g n orance is a n ins t ance of t he r s t ;

wi t h t h e a d ve n t of B ra h ma s n i g h t wh e n ever y t h i n g is de s tr oye d
t og et h er w i t h t h e t h re e ab ode s
s uc h cycl ic d e s t ructi on is c a lle d
occ as i on al ; a n d w h e n h e h as c om plete d his s p a n of h u n d re d
y e a r s t h e ele me n t s e g o i s m a n d M ah a t a t w a d i s app e ar in n u
d i ffere n t i ate d c os m ic m atter i t is a n i n s t anc e of m a t e ri al d es t ru c

t i on ( P ra k ri t i P ra l ay a)
T h e ext re m e or f ourt h v a r iet y is th e
re s ul t of s elf k nowle d e w h e n ever y t h i n
g
g el s e excepti n g B RA H M A
I n t h e r s t t h ree v a ri e tie s t h ere is no w an t of
a ppe a r s u n re al
a cti on w i t h m a ter i a l c a u s e ; but t h e pr oduct s re m a i n in t h e f or m
of i m pre s s i on in t h a t c a u s e in s h ort t h ey exi s t p ot e n t ion a lly
a n d in a s u b s e u e n t per i od of t i m e a re ev olute d a a i n
at
s
o
t
h
q
g
fr om t h e or d i n a r y s t a nd p oi n t i t does not a m oun t t o t ot al de s
t ru ct ion o f t h e u n i ver s e n o m a tter w h et h e r i t be reve a le d or o t h er
w i se
I n t h e f our t h v a r iety p h e nom e na t og et h e r w i t h I g nor an ce
t h e i r m a ter i a l c aus e a re re d uc e d to n on b e i n g s o t h a t t o a t h eo
s op h i s t t h e w orl d doe s n ot ex i s t excep t a s a n
i ll us i on no mat ter
wh e th er i t is in its u n re v e ale d or re v e ale d s t ate
t

P AN C H AD A S I

304

Th u s doe s BA S H I S T A ex p ou n d th e natu re of M ay azc

I ts u n re al i ty is n ow b e i n g as ce rt ai n e d
for c e
f ty / a is di st i n ct b ot h fr om its p r oduct th e wor l d
29
an d its s i te o r re c ept ac l e B RAH M A ; j u s t as th e f orc e of re is
d i st i n ct b oth fr om its act i on or p r oduct s p ar k s an d it s s e at or
ch ar c oal : i nasmu c h as th ey are v i si b l e wh i l e th e
recept ac l e
re
e
n c e of f or c e is on l y t o b e i n fer re d fr om its act i on or
s
p
p r oduct
n e ss an d r ou n d c av i ty is a p r odu c t ;
w
ar
i
th
i
s
th
i
ck
t
0
A
3
j
t ouc h an d
an d e arth wi t h its p r ope rti e s sou n d f or m s m el l
t aste i s its recept ac l e ; b ut th e f or c e wh i c h p r odu c e s the j ar

m
i s di st i n c t fr o b oth ?
h
a
s n e i th e r t h i ck n e ss n or rou ndne ss of c avi ty
F
rc
e
1
o
3
( pr op ert i e s of th e p r oduct ) ; n or h as i t sou n d f or m smel l
t ouch an d t aste p rop ert i e s b el on g i n g t o th e re c ep t ac l e ( e arth )
h e n ce i t is d i st i nc t fr om b oth ; an d for th i s di st i nc t i on i t is
u n th i nk ab l e an d i n de scr i b ab l e
r
2
t
o
f
a
P
r
i
r
th
e
r
uct
i
n
th e f or c e p re se nt in
o
o
o
d
o
3
p
j
i t c oul d not th e n b e dis
e arth re m ai n e d l ate n t for wh i c h
c ov ere d ; wi th th e h el p of p otter h is tur n i ng rod an d wheel
t h at f or c e u n der g oe s mu t ati on an d is modi e d i n t o j ar
33 I n di s c r i mi nate p er son s re g ar d th e p r opert i e s o f th e
p r oduct ( its g r ossn e ss an d r ou n d c av i ty ) an d th ose i nh ere nt
i n th e c au se ( s ou n d f or m t aste t ouc h an d sme l l ) as i de nt i c al ly

one an d g i ve th e n am e j ar t o mark t o th at on e n e ss
r ex i s t s p r i or t o a p otter s m oul d i n
N
a
o
4
3
j
g a l u m p of
cl ay wi th t h e h el p of h is sti ck an d wh eel s o th at t o spe ak of
t h i s pr i or c on di t i on of e arth as a f or m of j ar i s on ly an in
s t anc e oi i n di s cr i mi n ate th i nk i n g
T h at j ar is on l y a su b se
que n t p r oduct wh e n its t h i ck f or m an d r ou n d c avi ty are de v e
l ope d ; t he n only is i t t to b e c al le d s o
'

2 8.

i t h er t h ic k ne s s nor r ou n d ne ss of c a v i t y l i k e t he
a
r
n
r h as i t t h e p r opertie s
o re it is d i s t i nc t
u
t
h
er
f
o
s
n
d
e
t
c
e
o
j
fr om the pr odu ct a nd its rec e pt acle e art h in sh ort , i ndescr ib able
Force

h as

ne

p a n cna oas t

303

m
nasmu c h as i t is
fr
e
r
th
i
a
o
35
i n as
ne v e r f ou n d wi th out i t ; n or is i t i de n t i c al wi th e arth
mu c h as i t is n eve r s ee n i n a l u m p of c l ay

T h er e f or e l i ke f or ce
j ar is e q u al ly i n de scr i b ab l e ;
36
for wh i c h i t is a p r odu c t of f orc e
I f i t b e ask e d s i n c e f or c e

an d its
p r odu c t are e qu al ly i n de s c ri b ab l e wh at n ece ss i ty is
th ere for r e t ai n i ng th e i r s ep ar ate u se ? T h e rep l y is f orce
is u se d t o ex p re ss i n v i s i b i l i ty ; wh i l e v i s i b l e c on di t i on is ex

p re ss e d by th e wor d j ar
T o re mov e mi sap p r e he n s i on ab out th e i n vi s i b i l i ty of
37
q a zc f or ce b e i n g s ub sequ e n tly v i si b l e i t is s ai d
I n a mag i c al p erf or m an c e th e f or c e of i l l u s i on re mai ns
i n v i s i b l e t i l l t h e u s u al s p e l l s rzz azz /ras an d r e ag e n t s are u se d ;
c h ar me d frui t s,
s ub seque n t t o wh i c h i t s u ccee ds in c re ati n g
t re e s e tc
r
t
r
n
s
n
a
l
8
o
r
the
i
r
b
e
i
er
i
a
l
a
l
c
h
a
e
d
o
F
n
m
a
t
g
3
g
f or me d p r od u ct s are l i ab l e t o de s truc ti on ; b ut th e i r s i te or

re c ep t ac l e ( as e art h the r e cep t ac l e of j ar) is r e al

C h an g e is a mer e n ame h av i n g n o re al i ty , i n as
39
m u c h as excep t i n g its n am e ther e i s n oth i n g r e al in j ar ; b u t

d
a
n
d
a
a
h
a
a
i ts re cept ac l e e art h is re al
k
/
z
U
n
i
s
C
)
(
gy
p
R e g ar di n g v i s i b l e p r odu c t s [j ar an d th e re s t ] the i r
40
i nv i si b l e c au se f orc e an d the i r rec e p t ac l e e arth t h e r s t t wo
ne
n
i
n
o
d
f
pr
uc
t
n
f
r
ce
t
h
e
i
r
l
t
i
ti
e
ex
i
t
i
o
d
a
r
m
s
o
o
r
e
a
o
n
o
t
(
(
g
)
c on d i t i on of t i m e an d n ot al ways in th e three ) are s ai d t o b e
d e s tr u ct i b l e
B u t t h e i r rec e p t ac l e , e arth , as i t exi s t s al way s in
t h e th r e e c on di t i on s o f t i m e is re al
Vi S i b l e p r oduc t s [j ar
are n atur al l y u n re al an d
d i sc ov ere d s o ; l i k e m se for t h e i r b e i n g re s ul t s of ac t i on t h ey
are de s tr u c ti b l e
A n d s ub s eque n t t o p r oducti on as they are
u se d by n am e
t h at al so is ano the r c au se of the i r de stru o
t ib il ity [ for n ame an d f or m are s ub j ec t t o de s tructi on ]
M or e over aft e r t h e i r de stru c ti on the i r n ame on l y
42
A n d for
re mai ns in u se among
o r I S p r onou n c e d by m e n
i
s
s
a
h
h
i
t
i
by
i
u
i
t
e
m
e
n
s
m
n
e
m
e
a
a
o
b
a
s
e
d
n
a
n
n
r
n
e
c
a
c
p
[
g

j ar

is

n ot

di s t i n c t

P A NC H A D A S L

b j e c t f rom anot he r] th ey are

for n am e is p ron ou n c e d b y t h e
o f th e s am e n ature as n am e
t on g ue wh i c h pr oduce s s ou n d an d as v i s i b l e p r odu c t s are
d i s t i n g u i s h e d by n am e c o n s eque n tl y th ey r e se m b l e i t
F or t he d i sappe ar an c e o f t h e i r ac tu al c on d i t i on
43
l i ab i l i ty t o de s truct i on an d natu r al r e se m b l an c e wi th n ame
m
n
s
a
r
u
n
ce
d
by
t
h
e
r
n
f
pee
ch
l
i
ke
th
e
el
e
e
t
e
rth
a
n
o
o
o
s
o
g
p
4 0 m l of v i s i b l e p r odu c t s is n ot e v e n p arti al l y re al
e tc
[I n
th i ck wi t h
s h ort n o p art of a j ar wh i c h is a p r oduct of e arth
a r ou n d c avi ty i s r e al
B ec au s e t h e actu al c on di ti on of e art h
h as u n der g on e modi c at i on to p r oduc e i t ; i t is de stru c t i b l e ;

a n d a p r odu c t of sou n d o n l y
L i ke th e e arth is an exc l u
ow
s i v e ex am p l e in r e g ar d to t h e t h r e c au se s of u n re al i ty
N
e
t h e i n fere n ce i s th e p r oduc t of e arth j ar is t t o b e con
s f or me d re sul t wh at
s i de re d u n re al ( r) for its b e i n g a tr an
i s n ot u n re al is al so n ot t ran s torme d as for i n st an ce t he
m ater i al c au s e e ar th of j ar
S i m i l ar ly for its de struct ib i l i ty
a j ar i s } u nre al ;
wh at i s n ot
u nre al is i nde st ru c t i b l e
( 3) L i ke wi s e for it s b e i n g a c re ati on of th e or g an of spee c h
i t re se mb l e s s ou n d o n ly i n n ature and is u n re al ; wh at
i s n ot u n re al n e v e r re se mb l e s
art i c ul at e
sou nd
on ly
as Se l f
B u t dur i n g th e p er i od of ac t i on [ whe n a j ar is b e i ng
44
form e dl an d b ot h p r i or t o its ori g i n an d s ub seque ntly [ wh e n
i t h as n ot b ee n d e s tr oy e d yet] ; e arth for its u n i f or m ap
p e arance p re ser v i n g it s r e al n ature an d i n de struct i b i l ity is
re al H ere t h e i n fere n ce is t h at e arth is t t o b e re g ar de d
re al for i ts u n i f or m app e ar anc e in all th e th re e c ondi t i ons
of t i me l i ke S el f and p re serv i ng its re al n ature
N ow for th e c on te nt i on of th e Vedanl z n r an t ag on i s t
45
H e as k s I f wh at y ou h ave ex p re ss e d b y th e th re e wor ds

v i s i b l e j ar an d tr ans f or me d p rodu cti are u n re al how is

i t th at k nowl e dg e of e arth doe s n ot c au se the i r de stru c t i on ?
[ L i k e the de stru c t i on of the u nre al snak e from the k nowl edg e
of its s i te r op e ]
m e ans

t he

di s t i n g u i s h i n g

of

one o

'

30 8

P A N C i i A oA S i .

T h e ree c t i on of a p er s on s f ac e in wate r appeari ng

i n v e rte d is n e v e r re al ly t ak e n for th e p er son ; and n o one
w i th or wi th ou t d i s cr i m i n at i on e v e r b el i e v e s th at f ac e t o b e
re al l ik e
th e pe r son st andi ng on t h e r i v er b ank wh ose ree c
t i on i t i s

48

In

sam

t wi th st an d i n g th e v i s i b i l i ty of
p h e n ome n a to k now th e i r u n re al i ty an d b el ieve th e m so is
t h e c e rt ai n m e ans of d i sc o ver i n g th e s e con dl e s s b l i ssful n e s s of
S el f wh o al on e is re al ; an d ac c o r di ng t o t h e doc tr i n e of n on
d u al i ty s u ch k n owl e dg e p r ocure s e m an c i p at i on
I f i t b e s ai d
.

th e

way,

no

u n l i g h t a nd rel a ti on of da r k n e s s a re s i m il a r as s oci a t e s in t h e c a s e
o f et h e r r e e cte d in w a te r ; i n t h e m a tte r of it s
n l ik e s h a pe
a
p
c on t i g ui ty of t h e e a rt h w h i c h is r ou n d is t h e a s s oci a te ; i n m i r a g e
'
t h e a s s oci a tes a re t h e s a n d a n d s u n s ray s g l i s te n i n g on i t c r e a ti ng
t h e i llu s i on of w a te r
I n t h i s m an n er
a s s oc i a t e s a re
to b e

c on s i d e re d
v a ri et y k n owle dg e of t h e
I n t h e , u n a s s oc i a te d
e n vel op m e n t
s i te o f i llu s i on re m o ve s t h e t w o f or c e s o f i g n or a n c e
a n d p r oj e cti on t og e t h e r w i t h it s p ro d uct s s o t h a t a b s e n ce of t h e
i m ag i n a r y [ s n a k e ] a n d t h e a b i d i n g c on t i n u a n c e o f it s s i te ( r op e) is
In
t h e i n d i c a t i o n of d e s tr u c t i o n o r r e m ov a l o f t h e s n a k e i l l u s i o n

i g n o ra n c e w i t h it s e n v e l o p m e n t a re b ot h
a s s oc i a t e d ill u s i o n s
d e s t roy e d a n d o b s t ru c t e d
b ut t h rou g h t h e i n u e n c e of t h e ob s t a
c l e o f i g n o ra n c e i n t h e s h a pe of a s s oma t e
t h e r e d oe s n ot f o ll ow
d e s t ru c t i o n o f t h e ac t i o n o f it s cre a t i n g o r p roj e c t i n g f o rc e t og e t h e r
w i t h it s c a u s e t h e s a m e f o r c e ; b u t is o n l y r e m o v e d p r e v e n t e d
o r ob s truct e d a n d is a ctu a ll y
s o th at th e
p e r c e i ve d for s o m e t i m e
a bi d i n g s i te c o n t i n u e s t o t h e l a s t :
o r t h e d i s a pp e a r a n ce of t h e
a c t u a l i t y o f t h e i llu s o r y s ub s t a n c e i s n o i n d ic a t i o n of p re v e n t i on o r
ob s t ac l e ; on t h e o t h e r h a n d t h e c e rt a i n k n o w l e d e o f u n re al i t y or
g
t h e a b s e n ce in a l l t h e t h re e c on d i t i on s of t i m e is t h e i n d i ca t i on of
re m ov a l T h u s t h e n in r e g a rd t o e a rt h a n d g ol d t h e r e s p e c t i v e
m i s t a k es o f j a r a n d e a rr i n g a n d in t h e c as e of [e g o i s m t oo t h e il l u

s i on s a i e a s s oci a t e d
T h e re f o re t h e a s c e rt a i n m e n t of t h e i r u n
r e al t y in t h e m a n n e r a fo re s a i d is t h e r e c og n i s e d i n d i ca t i on o f
r e m o v a l a n d n ot t h e a b s e n c e of a c t u a l s u b s t a n c e ; a n d n e ce s s a r i l y
t h e r e a l it y of t h e S i t e of ill u s i o n s h o u l d c e rt a i n l y t h e n c om e to be
rec og n is e d a s t h e re mn a n t of t h e s i te
s

P A N C H A D AS I .

309

k nowl e dg e of j ar as a modi c at i on of e ar th is e nou g h to re

m ov e its re al ity b ut i t h as not b ee n e st ab l i s h e d as s uc h modi
c at i on or al tere d c on di t i on of e arth ; th e n th e rep ly is s i n c e
t h ere is n o al ter ati on of th e app e ar anc e of e ar th in j ar it is
of e arth
t heref ore an al tere d c on di ti on
49
[ T o b e m ore expl i c i t
Wh e n th e or i g i nal f or m o f th e m ater i al c au se is al tere d as
c ur d is of mi l k i t is c al le d P arz zz ama I n Vz var/l a th er e is
no al ter ati on of f or m in th e m ater i al c au se ; as for i n s t an c e in
an e arth e n j ar an d g ol d e arr i ng th e i r re s p ec ti v e m ater i al c au s e
e arth an d g ol d ret ai n s the i r app e ar an c e an d t h e j ar and
a
le
are r i ng on ly al tere d c on di ti on s or m odi c ati on s
I f i t b e s ai d afte r a j ar is b r oke n its fr ag me n t s do
50
not r e se m b l e e arth in app e ar an ce h e n c e i t is pr oper t o s p e ak
o f i t as a m od i c at i on or al ter e d f or m of e arth ; th e r epl y is
after th e b r oke n p art s are re du c e d i nt o p owde r th ey re se mb l e
e art h an d not any s ep ar ate s ub st an c e an d th i s is p l ai n ly
A s for g ol d i t is qu i te ap p are nt in t h e e arr i ng t o re
v i si b l e
qu i re any di s c u ss i on
T o say t h at th e admi s s i on of e ar r i ng an d j ar as al te r
51
e d c on di ti ons wi th ou t c h ang e oi sub s t an c e ( g ol d an d e art h
,

'

'

"W h a t h a s

bee n s a i d ab out j ar a n d e a rr i ng bei ng a l tere d con

d it io n s w i t h out c h a n g e of t h e ori g i nal s ub s t a nce of e a r t h a n d g ol d
re s pect i vely is f rom t h e o r d i n a ry s t a n d p oi n t of c omm on s e n s e ; for
i f s ub j ecte d t o a r i g i d a n a l y s i s i t w ill be e v i de n t t h a t a s t h e Ve
da n t i n doe s n ot rec og n i s e a n y t h i ng el s e b u t i n tell i g e n ce to b e t h e
s ite
c ons eq ue n tl y e a rt h a n d g ol d c a n not p os s ibly b e
t h e s i te of j ar a nd e arr i ng for b ot h a re u n re a l a nd on e u n real i ty
c a n not be t h e s i te of a not h e r O n t h e o t h er h a n d as in s na k e
illu s i on i n tell i g e nce as s oci a te d w i t h t h e r ope is t h e s i te o n w h ic h
t h e s na k e is p roj ecte d or crea te d ; s o is i n tell i g e n ce ass oc i a te d w i th
t h ei r re s pect i ve m a teri a l s e a rt h a n d g ol d t h e s i te of t h ei r p r oduct s
a re
j a r a n d e a rri ng ; s o t h a t t h e ass erti on t h at t h e y ( j a r
m od i c a ti ons or a l tere d c on d i t i on s w i t h ou t c h a ng e of t h e ori g i nal
s ub s ta nce or ma t e r i al cau se Vz v ar t ta
(
) is bey ond di spute
a

'

'

P A NC H D AAS I

31 0

e e c ti v e l y ) wi l l re du c e th i cke ne d mi l k i nto a s i mi l ar modil

c at i on of m i l k is ab sur d B e c au s e he re t he or i g i n al app e ar
an ce of m i l k h as b ee n c h ang e d an d t h e re is th e furth e r p os
s ib il ity of c h ang i ng i t i n t o c u r d an d n e i th e r c u r d n or t h i ck e ne d
m i l k c an b e made t o as su me th e or i g i n al ap pe ar an c e of m i lk ;
h e n c e th ey are al tere d f or m s of m i l k ( P arm ama)
B u t e ve n
aftr e arth and g ol d h ave b ee n tr an s f or me d i n t o ar and e arr i n
j
g
t h ere is n o d i sap p e ar an c e of th e or i g i nal app ear an ce of e art h
a n d g ol d in th e i r re s e c t i v e
p r odu c t s ; for wh i c h t he y are
p
cal l e d Vz var l l a
I f i t b e aske d l ik e th e t wo modi c at ions wi th and
52
wi th out c h ang e of or i g i n al s ub stan c e or f or m why n ot re cog i
n i s e th e th e ory of A ramba in C on n ec t i on wi th e arth an d g ol d ?
B ec au s e in th at c ase e arth an d g ol d w i l l b e du p l i c ate d
T h at
i s t o s ay acc or d i n g to t h e s up p orter s of th e doc tr i n e of
A ramb a
th e mater i al c au se ( e arth ) of j ar ( its
p r oduc t or ac t i on ) wi l l assu me th e s h ap e b oth of ac t i on an d
c au s e an d th u s b e dup l i c ate d ; s o t h at after th u s b e ing doub l e d
i n th e s h ap e of ac t i on and c au se t h e p r op e rti e s w i l l l i ke wi se b e
doub l e d
A n d s i n c e f or m t ou c h t aste sme l l an d s ou n d are
b y th e m adm i tte d t o b e di s t i n ct b oth i n th e c au s e an d its pro
d u c t c on seque n tl y i t amou n t s to a dup l i c at i on of p r opert i e s *
r sp

'

'

p r actic a l d i ff e re nce bet wee n t h e g e n u s of c au s e and the

n t h e m s o t h a t for t h e
n
d
i
e
u
ffec
t
i
ti
ct
i
percei
ve
d
s
o
n
i
s
s
f
e
a
o
n
g
s a m e c au s e be i ng m od i e d i n t o c a u s e a n d effect
t h e c a u s e will b e
d upl ic a te d in re s pect t o effect a n d wh e n t h e c a u s e f or m an d t h e
re s t a s w ell a s t h e p r opert ie s of t h e e ffect f or m t ouch s me ll
t as te a n d s ou n d s h oul d a l s o be doubled ( d i ffere n ti a te d) ; but in
p r act ice n o on e s ay s t h e s e a re t h e p rop e rtie s of y a r n a nd t h es e of
t h e cl ot h it s p r oduct n or is s uc h d i s ti ncti on ob s erv ab le T h e n
a g a i n a s in t h e p ra ctic a l de s tructi on of c a u s e a n d e ffect t h ei r i d e n
t i t y is n ot e s t abl i s h e d s o t o cre a te a d i s t i ncti on in t h e c au s e y a r n
etc fr om wa n t of p e rcep t i on o f cl ot h doe s n ot e s t abl i s h any d is
t i nc ti on b e t we e n c a u s e a n d e ffect ; o n t h e ot h er h an d t h ei r i mag i
na ry di s ti nct i on an d natur al i de nt i ty are owing to an i ndesc r i b able
*5

F or

P AN C H AD A S I

3 r2

re al i ty i n h e re nt in p h e nome na re se mb l e s th e c au se and
th ose wh o k now i t are n ot at al l s urp r i se d B u t h ow c an t h e
won der of i g n oran t p er sons wan t i ng in d i sc r i mi nat i on b e
re
v
e
n te d
p
T h e f ol l owe r s of N ay a who r eg ar d in t i mate re l at i on
59
i ts wan t an d t he i n stru me n t al c au s e as th e t h re e c au se s ; t h e
adv oc at e s of S an k/Ey re wh o l oo k u p on c h an g e of p r i or c on di
t i on as th e c au se ; an or d i nary me n u n ac q u ai n te d wi th th e t wo
af ore s ai d sc h ool s of p h i l oso p hy all of the m are s ur e t o b e
ast on i s he d fr om l i ste n i n
k nowl e dg e of one c au s e produ ce s
g

k nowl e dg e of many e ffe c t s

60
I n orde r t o i n du c e a p up i l to asc e rtai n t ne i de n t i t y
of th e i ndi v idu al an d u n i v e rsal S p i r i t wh i c h is t he s ub j ect o f

n on du al i ty
i t h as b ee n sai d in th e C ana ag y a Upam rlz ad
F r om k n owl e dg e of on e c au se al l ob j ec t s are
( C h apt

k nown an d n ot for a de s i re of sp e ak i ng ab out p h e nom e na

61
[ Th e ab ov e S r u f z tex t is now b e i ng ex p l ai n e d]
A s fr om k nowl e dg e of on e l u mp of c l ay al l e arthe n obj e c t s
th e wh ol e
are k nown so fr om k nowl e dg e of o ne B RA H M A
u n i v e r s e is k n own to b e I ts e ff e c t act i on or p r odu c t [ as u h
re al as t h e sn ak e i n rop e ]
62
B RA H M A is b e i n g i nte l l i g e n c e and b li ss ; b u t th e
u n i v er s e is n omi nal
T h i s i ndi c at i on of
an d n on eter n al
P A RA B RA H M A oc c u r s in th e U/I ar T apmy a Up am a ad
63 A RU N I s pe ak s of B RA H M A as b e i ng or e x i ste n c e t he
R zg Vedic B ra/i mam de mon str ate s i n te l l i g e n c e and S A N A T
I ARU N I in h is di s c ou r s e th u s addre ss
KU M A R b l i ss ful n e ss onl y
r t o th e e v ol ut i on
e s th e
u
p
i
l
V
A
K
T
U
e
n
d
e
r
i
n
l
y
P
r
i
o
H
S
E
T
E
a
g
p
'
of th e u n i v er s e th ere ex i ste d
( C /z lz andog y a Up an ar ad
"
C h ap t V I )
I ntel l i g e n c e is th e sub str ate of all
( A zl ery a
Up an ish ad ) S A N AT KUM AR in rep l y t o N A RA D u se d th e wor d
B /z u ma me an i n g ful l n e ss and b li ss]
T h e re are oth e r te x t s
t o th e sam e p ur p os e too
64
R e g ar d i ng t h e u n i v er s e p assag e s occ u r in th e 5 m di
to sh ew th at it is mere name and form and therefore u nreal
of

'

'

'

P A N C H A D AS I

1
3 3

T h e S u pre me S e l f th ou g h t of th e i r se v er al f orms and g av e

t h e m n am e s
65
A n d P r i or t o its e v ol uti on th e u n i v er se was in an
u n man i fe ste d c on d it i on
s ub s e q ue n tly i t was m an i fe ste d in t wo

way s via by nam e an d f or m

( B rz lz adarany ak Up amrhaaa )

H ere u n man i fe ste d ref e r s to th e i n de sc r i b ab l e M ay azc f orc e

i n h e re n t in B RAH M A
66
T h at M ay a p re se n t i n B RAH M A ( It s el f u n c h ang e abl e )
was m odi e d or tr an s f or m e d i n t o th e el e m e n t s eth er an d t h e
r e s t an d th e obj ect i v e u n i ve r se M ay a is n oth i ng el s e b u t
m atter th e u n i v er s al m ater i al c au s e ; an d B R AH M A
as th e recept ac l e of th at ( M ay a) i l l u s i on is th e S up re me L or d
e
it s c on tr ol l e r
67
Th e r st p r oduc t of th i s m odi c at i on or al tere d con
d i ti on of m atter is et h e r ; i t is ex i s te n t m an i fe s te d an d de ar
"
p r operti e s der i ve d fr om th e cau se f B RAH M A ; an d n atu r al ly i t
is v oi d
N ow of th e s e t wo s et s of p r ope rt i e s th os e der i v e d
f r om B R AH M A are re al b ut its i n di v i du al p r op erty is u n re al
Why P
68
B ec au se as i t did n ot ex i s t pr i or t o th e or i g i n of eth e r
an d w i l l sub s eque n tl y b e de s tr oye d al o n g w i th i t c on seque n tl y
th ou g h m an i fe s te d s o l on g as ether l as t s i t is u n re al H ow ?
W h at did n ot ex i s t or i g i nal ly and w i l l c e ase t o b e in th e e n d
m u s t b e t ake n for t he t i me b e i ng i t ex i st s as s i m i l arly n on
e x i s te n t
69
T h e te st i mony of th e Gil a g oe s al s o t o e x tabl ish
wh at h as j u s t b ee n s ai d
A R J UN wh at are or i g i n al ly u n m an i
fe ste d m an i fe st e d in th e i n ter v al bet wee n b i rth an d de ath an d
.

'

'

T h e p r op ertie s o f c au s e a re tr a n s m i tt ed t o it s p rodu c t s for

i n s t a nc e s ou n d is s a i d t o b e l on g t o e t h e r w h i ch is it s i n d i v i du a l

p ro pert y ; w a ter h as s ou n d d er i ve d fr om e t h e r w h i le it s ow n
s i m il a rl y
in re g a rd to
etc
ro ertie s a re s we et t a s te c ol d feel
;
p p
t h e t h ree o t h e r ele m e n t s T h e refo re t h e t ex t s e e k s t o cre a te a
d i s ti ncti on bet w ee n t h e t wo s et s of p ropertie s t o s h e w t h e com
ple me nt of re al i ty as al s o its revers e p re s e n t in p h e nome na
,

e anc naoas n

1
3 4

c h nature are th e e l e me nts ethe r

S o S p ok e K R I S H N A t o A RJ U N A
e tc
a
a
a
r
de s
o
s
e
a
rth
e
bj
ect
e
rth
er
v
i
ll
n
s
n
a
A
0
(
p
j
7
th e m b oth in an d ou t an d in al l c on di ti on s o f ti me ; so ex i s t

e t c p e r v ade eth e r I f i t b e aske d h ow can be i ng an d

e n ce
T h e r ep l y is in t h e
t h e re s t b e i n fer re d ap ar t f r om eth er ?
inte l l i
to b e e x i ste nc e
s am e way as you i n fe r y ou r own s e l f
g e n c e an d b l i s s
Whe n eth er is f org ot say what do y ou di scov e r in its
7r
s te ad ?
I f you say v oi d wel l th at i s mer e s ou n d ; for l i ter
a l ly it c on v ey s th e s e n s e of a rece pt ac l e in wh i c h th at v oi d
w as ex i s te n t ; b ut n ow th e v o i d is wan t i ng c on seque n t l y its
recep t acl e is th e re m n an t s ome th i n g wh i c h is m an i fe s te d
I f i t b e al l e g e d th i s doe s n ot s ettl e th e q ue st i on of
72
e x i s te n c e
i ntel l i g e n c e an d b l i s s b e i ng i n fe rre d ap art fr om
e th e r
I t is th ere f ore sai d A s th e recep t ac l e m an i fe s t i ng th e

ab s e nc e o f e th e r in i t i t is
b e i ng or ex i ste n c e ; and as t h e

s ubj ect of i nd i ffere n c e it is

b l i ss or fel i c i ty ; for wh at is
d e v o i d of fr i e n dl i n e ss or h ost i l i ty is re c og n i se d as fe l i c i ty
7 3 S ubj ect s th at are fr i e n dly c au se g l adn e s s of t h e i n te l
l e c t as t h e i r re v e r s e g r i e f ; and ab se nc e of b oth p r oduce s
b l i ss ful n e ss ex pe r i e nc e d by on e s own se l f I f i t b e aske d ?
Why n ot g r i ef ? B ec au se so far as g r i ef is c on c e r n e d it is
n e ve r p re s e n t in s el f *
un

man i fe ste d i n t he

e n d, of su

'

W i t h out defi n i te k n owle dg e of h app i ne ss in s ome s h a pe as

t h i s is h a pp i ne s s it s ex i s te nce is ne ver m a n i fes te d T h erefore a s

be s ee n w i t h out s el f wh o is k nowle dg e con s e
n o h a ppi n e s s c a n
q ue n tl y t h e p opul a r c on c e pt i on of h a p p i n e s s is a l s o of s el f W h a t
i s d i s c ove re d i n c on n ect i o n w it h a s ub j e c t is a n a ct i on of t h e m od i
c a t ion of t h e m e n t a l fu nct i on ; g r ief n eve r bel o ng s t o t h e n a ture of
s elf i n as m uc h as t h ere a re n o v i s ibl e p r oof s s e e n t o t h a t e ff e c t ; for

O n t h e ot h e r
i ns t a n ce n o on e eve r exp e r ie nce s I a m u n h a pp y
h a n d p a s s ag e s occu r in t h e S r u t i wh ere s e lf is s a i d t o b e int e ll i
ow
N
a pp y
re o ver e ver y o n e d e s i re s t o b e
h
n ce a n d bl i s s
e
M
o
g
t h i s p op u l a r e xpre s s i on is b ase d on i g nor ance F or s elf is h a pp i
if

31 6

P an cn anas r

ore reg ard the m in

r
u
c
l
i
b
l
T
h
eref
a
e to de s t ru c ti on
d
n
a
s
d
t
o
p
th e sam e l i g h t as wav e s fr oth and b ub b l e s are of the se a* in
s h ort u n re al
Wi th th e v i s i b l e kn owl e dg e of P A RAB RA H M A as e v e r
80
l asti n g i ntel l i g e n c e an d b l i ss n ame an d f orm app e ar u n re al ;
and are s h ortly aft er war ds ab andone d by th os e de si rou s of
r e l e ase
A s du al i ty ( n ame an d for m) c ome t o b e di s re g ar de d
81
s o doe s B RAH M A b e c ome v i s i b l e ; an d as B RAH M A c om e s to b e
v i s i b l y k n o wn s o is du al i ty ( th e obj e c t i ve u n i v er se ) ab andon e d
Fr om th e h el p of b oth th e ab ov e p r ac t i c e s ( di sre g ar d
82
a the os op h i s t for h is
of du al i ty and c og n i ti on of B RAH M A )
k nowl e dg e of B RAH M A is free d t h ou g h h e may b e al i v e ; and
wh ate ve r may b e h is b ody
8 3 W i s e m e n re g ar d t h i nk i ng t alk i n g an d di sc u ssi ng on
B RA H M A so as t o h el p e ac h oth e r to c og n i s e I t in sh ort t o b e
i nte n t on th i s on e s ubj e c t as B ra mabhy as
84
I mp r e s s i on of th e re ali ty of th i s v as t mate ri al e x panse
ete r nal ly ab i di ng in t he m i n d is re mov e d fr om l ong and n u
i n terrup te d p ract i ce of th e af ore sai d B rah maic k n owl e dg e wi t h
aff ec ti on
85
L i k e th e f or c e of cl ay th e B rah maic f or c e M ay a
c re ate s man y di ff ere n t e E e cts
wh i c h are u nre al
A n d sl ee p
an d dre ams are i l l u s tr ati ons
86
Ju s t as th e f o r c e of sl ee p c re ate s th i ng s wh i c h are
i mp oss i b l e or d i f cu l t o f b e i ng d on e ; s o doe s t h e f or c e of
M ay a c e ntre d in B RA H M A c re ate p re ser v e an d de str oy th e
u n i ve r s e :
87
J u st as in dre am a per son see s h i mse l f wal k i ng in th e
.

B ubble s

f oa m wa ves et c a re n eit h e r d i s ti nct f or m t h e s ea

n or i ts r e ver s e
n o r b ot h
h e nce i nde s cr ib abl e ; an d as t h ey a re
s ub j e ct t o bi rt h a n d d e s tructi on t h e y are u n re a l in r e a r d t o t h e
g
s e a ; s i m il a rl y for n am e a n d f or m bei n
g i n de s crib abl e an d s ub j ect
t o bi rth a n d de s truct i on t h e y are u n re al in re spec t t o B R AH M A
,

.,

P A NC H A D AS L

31 7

( e th er ) his own h e ad behe ade d ( and th at dre am l ast i ng

for a c oupl e of h our s ap pe ar s t o h av e a du rat i on of ye ars) ; and
s ee s h is de ad rel at i ons s on e tc
88
Th er e is no rul e to settl e th e consismncy or p os
sib il ity of th e th i ng s th e n occ ur i ng but they are se en j u st as
th ey h ap p e n
89
S i n c e th er ef ore th e f orc e of s l eep is see n to b e pos
se sse d wi th s u c h ma r v el l ou s p owe r wh ere is th e wonde r for
th e f or c e of M ay a to h av e i nde scr i b ab l e p ower
Ju st as in a p er son ly i ng down to s l eep it p r odu ce s
90
dre ams of v ar i ou s sort s so th e M ay azc f or c e s e ate d in B RAH M A
( de v oi d of ac t i on) c re ate s d i v er se p r odu c t s th r ou g h c h ang e
sky

'

'

'

fi re water e arth B ra/z md s e g g th e

f ourtee n ab ode s t og eth e r wi th an i mate and i nan i mate obj ect s
are al l c h ang e d p r odu c t s of M ay a Re e c
( su c h as st on e
and
t i on of intel l i g e n c e in the i n ter n al or g an i ns i de th e b ody
its ab se nc e c on s ti tute th e d i ffere n c e of se nt i e n t or an i mate

n
s
e
v
er
i n se n t i e n t or i nan i mate
d
i
t
s
r
e
a
E t h er ,

r
o.

air,

T he

9 2.
g

e nc e

and

of B RAH M A ,

i nan i mate :
di st i n c t i on

b e i ng intel l i
in b ot h th e an i mate
th e i r indi vi du al
an d f or m c re ate

ry i ndi c at i on

b l i ss is e qu al ly p re se n t
i

ord na

and

name

nc e of t ree s b e asts et c
cl
th
t
he
a
p
p
e
a
r
a
o
93
wi th wh i c h i t i s work e d u p is u n re al so n ame an d fro m are
A n d i f th ey are ab andon e d ( for
B RAH M A
u nre al re sp e c t i ng
t h ei r u n re al i ty ) th e ( re mai n i n g ) c omp l e me nt of R e al i ty is p er
ce ive d t o b e BR AH M A

As in

h
i
s
s
s
r
n
a
Ju
t
a
s
p
er
i
h
i
v
erb
k
ee
e
s
n
a
n
n
o
t
s
o
s
d
n
t
g
94
imag e ree c te d i n th e water wh i c h h e ne v er c on f ou nds for
h i msel f on th e oth er h an d xe s h is i de n t i ty wi th th e b ody
stan di ng on th e b ank ; s o in th e matter of n ame and f or m
t h ou g h vi s i b l e th e p e rc ept i on of the i r re al i ty h av i ng c e ase d or
b ee n ab an done d se l f ap p e ar s as B RAH M A
ry sub stanc e s
n
f
a
u
m
a
h
h
u
d
s
o
i
i
A
s
s
n
a
n
t
o
d
a
n
s
s
d
o
a
t
g
95
.

31 8

P a nc n aoas r

th ou g h p re se n t are di sc ar de d al i ke b y all ,
so are nam e an d f or m equ al ly t t o b e ab an don e d
s th e se i mag i n ary p r odu c t s c re ate d by th e m i nd l ast
6
A
9
for a s h ort t i me to b e rep l ace d by othe r s ; b u t th os e wh i c h dis
s i m i l arly re sp ect i ng t he c og n i ti o n of
app e ar n e v er t e appe ar
s el f as B RA H M A an d the u n re al i ty of p he n ome n a wh e n t h ey
h av e b e e n onc e as c e rt ai n e d to be so th e p er c ept i on of th at;
t de nt ity of s el f an d B RA H M A r e c e i v e s ne i th er an y c heck n or
meet s wi th ob st ru c t i on ; an d t h e du al i ty ( p h e no me na) c e ase
t o re appe ar :
n hood ne v e r retu r ns to y outh nor ol d ag e
Ju
t
m
a
a
s
s
97
to man h ood ; and as a de ad f ath e r doe s not t e ap p e ar , nor
e
e
rday c ome b ac k ag ai n
s
t
y
Wh
t
i
s t he d i ff ere n c e b et wee n or di nary prac t i c e in
a
8
9
ref e re nc e to p he nome n a l i ab l e to de stru cti on e v e ry mome n t,
T h eref ore t h ou g h
N on e wh ate v e r
and ment al c re at i on ?
vi si b l e c onfi de n ot in th e re al ity of t h e obj e c t i v e u n i v er se
I
f
be
aske d wh at is t h e b e n et of n ot c on f or mi ng
i
t
99
T h e rep ly is d i s c ardi ng t he r e al i ty of
t o ordi nary pr act i ce ?
h
e
e
m
na m ak e s t h e i n te l le c t ass u me t h e modi c ati on of
n
o
p
B RAH M a ; i t re c e i v e s n o more ob str u c t i on an d t h u s g et s r ml y
A n d th e or di n ary pr ac ti ce [ of b e g g i n g e ati ng ,
s e ate d th ere
re f ou nd t o be e ng ag e d re s e mb l e
in wh i c h th e osoph i st s a
t h ose per for mer s of p op ul ar s p ort s wh o assume th e g arb of a
ti g er e tc to c r e at e di v er s i on in and not for de v ou r i ng t h e
au di e n c e
J u st as in a c u rre n t moti on of th e wate r s h ake s n ot
1 00
t he s t on e s and p e b bl e s i m be dde d in th e r i v er b e d ; s o doe s
t h e or d i n ary p r ac t i c e of th e osop h i s t s s h ake not th eir tion
du al i ty or th e be l i ef of u n re al i ty of du al i ty ( p h etrdme n a)
10 1
A s in a b r i g h t m i rr or m any obj e c t s are r e e c te d
t og e the r wi th t h e e th er wh i c h f or ms as i t we re t h e i r womb ; s o
i n B RAH M A wh i ch is e ter n al , i n te l l ig e n ce and b l i ss is disc ov ere d
t h e i n n i te e th er c on t ai n i ng th e u n i ver e
1 02
A s wi th out l ook i n g in th e m i rr or th i ng s r e ec te d
( me ntal c re at i on s)

S E C T I ON XI V
On t he F el ici ty p r odu ced

( d)

m S elf k nowl edeg

ro

res t r ai n t an d di s cr i mi nat i on of S e l f as th e y onlE

re al i ty p r odu c i ng v i s i b l e k now l e dg e of B RAH M A an d I ts b l i ss
fu l n e ss ( in a the os op h i st ) wi l l f or m the s ubj e c t of th e p re se nt

M E N TA L

'

t re at ise

fe l i c i ty h ap p i n e ss p r oc ee di ng fr om
S el f k nowl e dg e is al so a m odi c at i on of th e i n te l l ect F r om a
n atur al dis t i n ct i on in it s v ar i eti e s i t is sai d t o b e of f our sor ts
3 Th ey are
( a) A b se n c e of p ai n or m i se ry
( b) S ati ety or ac qu i si ti on of al l de s i r e d e nj oy me nt s
( c) S at i s f ac t i on p r odu ce d fr om th e r e al i z at i on or s u cc e ssfu l
acc om p l i s h m e n t of wh at was p r op er t o b e don e ; an d
A cqu i si ti on of wh at was t t o h av e
M i s ery is of t wo s ort s acc or di ng as i t re l ate s to
4
p re s e nt or future e x i s te n c e R e mov al of m i s e ry re l at i ng to
t he p re se nt l i fe i s n ow b e i ng se t f orth afte r th e te x t of t he
2.

L i k e mater i al

p mslz aa

'

r zlz adarany ako a

I t may p r operl y be c on te nde d t ha t as in a p revi ou s p ort i on

h app i ne ss h as bee n de ne d t o be of t h ree d i ffere n t s ort s t h e i n tr o
d ucti on of a f ourt h v a ri et y is q ui te u nc alled for t h e mo r e s o as i t
is sa i d t o b e a modi fi c at i on of t h e i n tellec t l i k e ma ter i al fel ici t y
N atur all y t h e n its pl ace woul d b e s ub or d i na te t o or i nclu de d in
N ow s uc h a c on te n t i on doe s n ot s t an d t h e te s t of
materi al fel ici ty
F or materi al fel icity h as be e n ex perie nce d
a s e a rc h i ng e n q u i ry
in al l p ri or re i nc a r na t i on s fr om B r ah ma t o t h e l owe s t i ns ect
s i m il a rly t h e fel ici ty of pr of ou n d s l u mb er ( B ra h m a i c bl i s s ) a n d
wh a t is deri ve d i t om i m p re s s i ons h a ve been experi e n ce d
but i t is
re s er ve d for a t h e os op h i s t t o e xper ie n ce t h e bl is s ful nes s procee d i ng
fr om k n owle dg e ; a nd as h e is bey on d t h e p ale of re b i rt h h e can
h a ve n o pr i or i m pre s s i on of it
T h u s t h e n i t is q ui te a sep ara te
for m of h a ppi ne ss w i t h out e n vel op me nt full and wi t h modic at i on
of t h e i n tellec t as it s i ndic at i on
r

P A NC H AD AS I

32 [

a p er son k n ows t he A l ma to b e se lf an d s ay s
W
he
n
5

T h i s ( sel f ) am I wh at de si r e of e nj oy me n t can l i ng er in t h e

b ody to c au se h im p ai n at it s r e mai n i ng u ng rat ie d

N on e
wh ate v er
[ For th at k n owl e dg e re move s al l de s i re of e n j oy
m e n t b oth p re s e n t an d future]
6
T h e A l ma h as b ee n s p o ke n of in t wo way s v ia th e
I n divi du al and S upre m e S el ve s I n tel l i g e n ce p re se n t in t h e
p h y s i c al s ub tl e and c au s e b odi e s an d m i st ak e n wi th t h e m
as i de n ti c al is re g a r de d as th e ag e n t the e n j oy er an d c al le d
f irm or i ndi v i du al
T he S up r e me Sel f is e v erl ast i ng intel l i g e n ce an d
7
b l i ss A s t he s i te or s ub s tr ate of p he n ome n a wi th n ame an d
f or m H e is m i s t ake n as i de n ti c al ly one wi th t he m D iscrim i
n ati o n e s t ab l is he s h i s d i s ti n c t i on b oth fr om th e th ree af ore s ai d
b odi e s an d mater i al obj e c t s
8
D e s i re of e nj oy me n t
for th e g r ati c at i on of th e
e nj oye r p r oduce s di s e as e wh i c h can on ly aff ec t th e th ree
b odi e s b ut not s el f
ng
D
f
f
ff
w
i
ere
t
i
e
e
f
ec
ti
i
ere
t
i
i
v
i
u
l
i
n
d
as
f
n
d
n
n
d
d
a
s
s
s
a
o
g
9
t o a d i ff ere n c e in t he i r te m per ame n t s h ave the i r s e at in th e
p hy s i c al b ody P ass i on s an d de s i re s are th e di se ase s o f t h e
s ubtl e b ody ; and the s ee ds i m p re s s i on s of d i s e as e of b a t h
(
)
th e phy s i c al an d s ub tl e b o di e s are s e ate d i n the c au s e b o dy
10
C on s i der at i on of th e S upre me Sel f in t h e m an ner

p o i n t e d ou t in c onn ec ti on wi t h t h e
Fe l i c i ty o f n on du al ity
Vida Secti on
l e ave s n o de s i re of e nj oy me n t F or
a t h e osop h i s t n o m ore c on f ou n ds p he n om e n a wi th re al ity ; con
?
w
a
eque
tl
y
h
t
re
e
i
r
e
h
e
h
ve
n
a
m
d
s
a
n
o
c
s
Wh i l e on the s ub j ec t of th e fel i c i ty of Sel f ( Sec ti on
1 1
X I I ) th e n ature of t h e i n di v i du al S el f h as bee n as cert ai n e d
an d s i n c e ther e is n o e n j oye r s o far as th e t h ree b odie s are
c on ce r n e d how th e n wi l l di se as e b e p r oduce d P
12
T o th i nk of m e ri t an d de meri t is the s ource of p ai n
B u t as h as al r e ady b ee n s ai d
rel at i ng t o futu re ex i ste n c e
"
no t h ou g h ts h arass the wi se
( S ecti on XI v 5
,

32 2

e A N c n a oa s L

wate r

t ouc h e s n ot th e l e av e s of th e l otu s
s o after g n O S l S h as ar i s e n futur e work s c ann ot t ou c h a t h e os o
p h is t : [ they aff e c t h im n ot p r odu cin g n e i t he r me r i t n or
1

Ju s t

as

d e me rit]
a

L i ke

r ee ds wi th c ott on tuft s ( S accli aru m sp ontane u m)

b ur n t at on c e by t h e c on t ac t of re h is acc u mul ate d work s
are b u r n t b y k n o wl e dg e
15
A s in th e G iz a :
A RJ U N as a b l az i n g re c on su me s
t he fue l an d re duce s i t i n t o as h e s so doe s t h e re of k now

*
l e dg e re du c e all wprk s i n t o ash e s
H e who do e s n ot b el i e v e in h is own in stru me n t al i ty
1 6

I am a de e r of v i rtu e wh o h as n e ith er i n c l i nat i on

o f act i on
for e nj oy i n g t h e fru i t s o f act i on s g ood an d b ad nor doubt s
is n o de s tr oy e r th ou g h h e s l ay s al l l i v i ng
a b ou t t he m
c re ature s in the u n i v er s e ; n or h as h e t o s uff e r t he t orme n t s of
h e l l or o bj e c t i v e ex i ste n ce h e re after
N e i t h e r matr ic i d e n or p ar ri ci de ne i the r t h e ft n or
17
p r ocuri ng ab o rt i on an d som et h i ng equ al ly s i n fu l can d e str oy
h is e man c i p at i on an d i nj ure t h e S p l e n dour an d b e auty of h is

f ac e
( C lz b andog y a Up an ish ad )
1 8
T h e S r u z i l i k e wi se S pe ak s of t h e ac qu i si t i on of al l
1 4.

'

A ll wo r k s

h a ve bee n t a k e n for accu mul a te d wor k s b y

cert a i n p r ofe ss or s bu t t h ere are o t h er s w h o h ol d t h e m to i nclu de
t h e a ccu m ul a te d fru c te s ce n t a n d cur re n t wo r k s N ow t h e fru e
t e s ce n t a re s a i d t o b e ex h a u s t e d b y a ctu al c o n s u m m a ti on of t h e i r
re s ult s s o t h a t t h e v ie w o f t h e i r b ein g d e st r oy e d b y k n owle dg e wil l
c rea te a n a n t ag on i s m w i t h t h e g e n er a ll y re ce i ve d doc tri n e E very
w h er e ir is m a i n t a i n e d t ha t a d i ff e re n ce is f ou n d eve n a m ong s t
t h eos op h i s t s in t h ei r p re s e n t c ondi t i on ; s ome rece iv i ng h om a g e of
t h e h i g h a n d lo w ; o t h er s w i t h d i f c ul t y l i v i ng by m ea n s of b e g g i n g
S om e a re p ro vi de d w i t h a ll com f o rt s o t h er s s uff e i ing t h e u s ua l
m i s er i e s of a m en d ic a n t s l i fea nd t h i s di s t i n ct i o n is d u e t o t h e
res ul t o f wor k s d on e in a pr i or l i fe a n d w h ic h h a ve a l re ady com
m e n ce d t o b e a r frui t
E v e n I s w a ra is u n abl e t o c ou n ter a ct t h e m
t h e y can on l y be ex h au s ted by ac tu al e nj oy me nt of t h ei r re sul t s
i

P A N C H A D AS I

32 4

efect s pert ai n i n g to th e p hy s i c al b ody m i nd an d

v ar i ou s sort s of mate ri al e n j oy me n t s are al l s p oke n of by h im
u
s h ows any de s i re t o e at r i ce pu ddi n g v om i te d
s t as n o o n e
J
s o do me n of d i s cri mi n at i on s h ow n o de s i re for
b y a dog
t e m p or al e n j oy me n t
26
T h ou g h so far as ab se n ce of de s i re is c oncer n e d
b o t h t h e k i n g an d the osop h i s t are s ai d to b e equ al yet t h e
l atter is s uperi or F or th e k i ng h ad t o e n c ou nter m uc h p ai n
a n d h ar ds h i p i n th e b e g i nn i n g
an d i s furthe r s ubj ect t o m uc h
an xi ety l e s t h is aut h ori ty b e de str oye d at s om e future per i od
T h e s e are th e t wo defect s u n der wh i c h h e s u ffer s
27
T h ey c ann ot ap ply t o a th e osoph i st for wh i c h h e
is su per i o r t o th e k i n g
T h e n ag ai n the k i n g is p arti cul arly
f on d of danc i n g an d m u s i c w h i c h t h e m an of di scr i m i nat i on
c are s n ot ; th at is an ot h er c au s e of s uperi or i ty
T h ere are t wo s ort s of Gan d arvas
28
T h os e i n c ar nate d in t h e p re s e n t K a lp a as me n an d as a
p art i cul ar re sul t of m eri t o r i ou s wo rk s who h ave i n h er i te d the
c ondi ti on o f a Gan dh arva are c al le d M e n G andh arv as
W h e n for m er i t or i ou s work don e in a pr i or K alp a
29
o n e att ai n s the c on di ti o n o f G an dh arv a in th e be g i n n i ng of t h e
p re s e n t K a lpa h e is c al l e d D e v a G an dh ar v a
D e m i g ods an d t h e S p i ri t s of on e s dep arte d an ce st or s
3o
eter n al ly l i ve in t h ei r own ab ode s T h o se who h ave att ai n e d
t h e c on di t i on of a D e v a in t h e be g i n n i n g of a K alpa are c al l e d
Aj an D e vatas
w
1
h
o
o
T
h
s
e
h ave secu re d an excel l e n t p os i t i on as a
3
re s ul t o f th e perf or m an ce o f h o r s e sacrice in t h e p re se n t
K a lp a are m ore h on o re d th an A j an D e vatas an d are c al le d
K ar ma D e va t as
Y am a an d A g n i etc are th e p ri n c i p al D ev as ; R u dr a
32
an d B ri h as p ati are t wo we l Lk n o wn
P r aj ap at i is c al le d V i r at ;
an d B r ah m a T h re ads ou l H iran a arb h a
y g
Fr o m t h e so vere i g n exerc i si n g u n i ve r s al sway t o th e
33
T h re adsou l H irany ag arb h a e v ery on e is de s i r ou s of e nj oy i ng
25

P A N C H A D AS I

325

m ore

h app i ne s s th an w h at he h as ; but the b l i ss ful ne ss of sel f

wh i c h n on e can adequ ately exp r e s s n or m i nd c on c e i ve of is
s uper i or t o th e m al l
a
R
e
r di n g th at de s i re for ob t ai n i ng super i or h app i
4
g
3
n ee s wh i ch k i n g
an d th e re s t h ave a th e os op h i s t h ee ds n ot ;
an d as h e is perfectly u n c onc er n e d and free fr om de s i re he is
s ai d t o exp er i e n ce i t al l
J u st as h e exper i e n ce s h app in e ss in h is own b ody
35
for bei ng th e wi t ne ss of th e m od i c at i on of i n tel l ect assu m i n g
t h e s h ape of h ap pi n e ss ; so for a s i m i l ar wi t ne s s of t he sa me
modi c ati on of i n tel lec t in other s t oo h e e nj o y s h app i n e ss
I f i t b e c on te n de d th at as i g nor ant p er s on s are
36
s i m i l ar wi t n e sse s th ey al s o can b e sai d t o e n j oy al l m an n e r of
h ap p i ne ss T hat is i mp oss i b l e F or t h e k nowl e dg e th at I

is
am th e wi t n e s s in al l i n tel lect s s e ate d i n s i de all b odi e s
A s t he S ru l z say s Who k n ows [ e ach
ab s e n t in th e m

i ndi vi du ate d sel f to b e B r ah ma] e nj oy s al l h app i n e ss

al l sel f
Th
e
th
e
p
h
i
th
e
o
s t th us s i n g s of h is b e i n g
os
7
3
as in th e text of th e S ama V e da I am th e f ood as wel l as its
,

'

e n oy e r

is

38

H avi ng th u s dec l are d th e r st and s ec on d v ar i eti e s

t h e re mai n i n g
of fel i c i ty p r oce e di ng fr om k n owle dg e of s el f
t wo
sat i s f acti on fr om th e s u c ce s s ful acc om pl i s h m e n t o f
wh at was p r oper t o b e don e an d ac qu i s i ti on of th e att ai n abl e
as th ey h ave al re ady bee n di sc u sse d in th e T r zlot zdw zf a s h oul d
b e p r operly stu di e d
S i n ce ampl e me n t i on h as b ee n made of th e m in th e
39
F
or
n te
t
ect
v
i
i
th
e
re
er
r
eferre
i
t
S
a
i
s
d
o
a
d
[
]
t h e purp ose of cl e ar i n g the i ntel l e c t they are t to b e t e i n tr o
du ce d here t o ascert ai n the i r dr i ft
.

'

H e e n j oys t h e bl i s s ful ne s s of h ea v e n q ui te d i s i n t e r e s te dl y
w i t h out e xp re s s i n
f
r l on g i n
o r i t but a s t h e w i t n e s s
i
h
s
n
w
o
a
g
g
y
in g i n tell i g e nce rev adin ever y wh ere
T
h
i
s is t h e p u r p ort of t h e
p
g
S r u t z tex t
4*

32 6

PANC H AD AS I

k n owl e dg e a t h e osop h i s t b ad t o perf or m

v ar i ou s w or k s e i t h e r e s s e n t i al t o pre s e n t or f uture h app i n e ss
o r t h e pur p o s e o f e m an c i p ati on
B u t s u b se qu z n t t o g n os i s h e h as n ot h i n g p r oper t o
41
do [ n o h ar m can b e f al l h i m i f an y t h i n g is l eft u n don e ] for
t h e k n owl e dg e of p r o per an d i m pr o per h as l eft h i m an d th at
p r oduce s s at i ety
I g n o r an t pe r son s ful l o f g r i e f are actu ate d by de s i re
42
L e t t h e m c on ti n ue
an d ac t as t h ey a re i n ue n ce d by i t
t h e i r e very day p r acti ce i n c o n n ect i on w i t h t h e i r p re se n t rel a
"
b ut a s I am ful l o f S up re m e b l i s s
t io n s h ip w i t h s o n e tc
I h ave n o de s i re l eft t h at c an m ak e m e c on f or m to t h i s or t h at
40

P r i or

to

rac c e .
p

t h o s e de s i r o u s of k no wl e dg e perf o r m work s for

"
t h e be n et o f t h e future l ife b ut s i n ce I am al l the ab ode s
why am I t o u n dert ake work s an d h ow p r ac t i ce t h e m ?
Le t p r o fe s s o r s q u al i e d i n t h e m ex pl ai n t h e s ac re d
44
w ri ti n g s o r g i ve i n s tru cti o n s t o t h e Vedas b ut
I am acti on

l e s s t h e r e f o re n ot so q u al i e d

I a m t h e i n tel l i g e n c e de s i r ou s n e i th e r of S l eep i ng
45
b e g g i n g b at h i n g etc n o r o f do i n g t h e m an d i f t h ey are
attr i b ute d t o m e by a S p e ct at o r w h at h ar m c an i t do m e ?
Ju s t as t h e s ee ds of t h e A br u s p reca/or z ou s p i le d
46
i n a s p o t m i s t ak e n b v m o n k ey s fo r re c an n o t b ur n s o t h e
attri but i on o f o r d i n ary worl d ly p r act i ce s c an n o t m ak e m e do
them
L e t t h e i g n o r an t b et ak e t o h e ar i n g
I k no w t h e
47
re al i t y S e l f w h at n e ce s s i ty is t h e re fo r me to h e ar ? L e t
t h o s e i n fe s te d w i t h d o ubt s h ave rec o ur s e t o c on s i der at i on
b u t as I am free fr o m t h e m why I am t o p r act i ce c on s i der a
t i on
L e t per s o n s h o l d i n g c on tr ary i de as u n dert ak e p ro
48
f o u n d C n t e m p l ati o n o r deep an d r e p e ate d t h i n k i n g
I n eve r
m i s t ak e t h e p hy s i c al b o dy for s el f c o n s e q u e n tly th at I S n ot
n e c s s ary fo r m e
Le t

43

'

32 8

PANC H AD ASI

I am the
o th er s do

i n tell i g e nc e

wi t n e ss i ng

do

th i n g

no

nor

make

A t h eOS O ph is t s at i s e d wi t h t h e
58
p l is h m e n t o f wh at was pr oper t o b e do n e ,

ucc e ss fu l ae c om
an d ag ai n satis e d
w i t h t h e att ai n m e n t of wh a t was p r op er t o h av e c on s t an tly
reect s in h is m i n d i n t h e f o l l ow i n
g wi se
I h ave V i s i b l e c og n i t i on of t h e eter n al self there
59
f or e I am b l e s s e d an d b l e s s e d T h e s u p re m e fe l i C i ty o f
B r ah ma is p l ai n ly m an i f e s te d t o m e t h e r e fore I am b le s se d
an d b le ss e d
6o
M i s er i e s of e arth l i fe t ouc h me n o t theref ore I am
b l e s se d I am s ucce ssfu l in h av i ng att ai n e d my e n d T h e
dark n e s s of i g n o r an c e h as l eft m e t h eref ore I am b le s s e d an d
.

b l e s se c
61

I h ave noth i n pr op er l eft to be don e th ere f or e

I am b le sse d I h ave att ai n e d th e att ai n ab l e t h eref ore I am
b l e ss e d
62
V er i ly I am b le s se d I am b le sse d my S at i s f act i on is
i n c om p arab l e 1 am b le sse d an d b l e sse d an d t wi c e m or e
b l e ss e d
63 M y v i rtue is ex c el l e n t excel l e n t as i t h as b ee n
b e ar i n g many fru t is an d for ac q u i r i n g t h at v iriu e ag ai n

n
I am s up e r i or to all
ce
l
le
t
x
e
64
B rah man an aa c on t ai n s v e ch ap ter s of wh i c h th e
se l f
m
o
d
d
re
e
t
the
f
urth
ti
l
l
th
e
f
l
i
c
i
ty
p
r
o
uce
fr
n
s
i
s
o
e
;
p

k n owl e dg e h as ar i se n i t is n e c e ssary t o p r ac t i c e he ar i ng

and p r of ou n d cons iderat iou

consi de rat i on
g

,,

S E C TI O N
Vz s /z ay a n a n da
'

XV

M a t e r ia l H

or

n es s
i
pp

pre s e n t t re ati s e h as fo r it s sub j ect t h e as cert ai n me n t of

materi al h ap p i n e s s as a p art of t h e fel i c i ty of B r ah ma Wh at
9"
is i t l i ke ?
It is t h e m e an s by wh i c h B r ah mai c fel i c i ty is
k n own O n t h i s p oi n t t h e S ru l z s ay s
2
W h at is I m p art i te an d e ss e n t i al l y one is B r ah ma t h at
is s upre me b l i s s ful n e ss
O t h er c re atur e s e xper i e n ce a tr ac e

o n ly o f th i s B r ah m a i c fel i c i ty
r
m
a d i ff ere n c e
i
n it s qu al i t i e s ( g ood
acti ve an d
F
o
3
dar k ) m o d i c ati o n o f t h e m e n t al fu n cti on as s u me s t h ree d i f
fe re n t f or m s t o wit : tr an q ui l acti ve an d i g n o r an t
Of th e m
i n d i ff ere nce to or utter di s re g ar d o f e n j oy me n t tr an q u i l i ty of
c om e
m i n d or re s i g n at i on an d g e n e r os i ty or up r i g ht n e ss etc
u n de r t h e tr a nq ui l mod i c at i o n
D e s i re an d c o vet ou s n e ss are th e act i ve as f ol ly an d
4
fe ar are t h e m od i c ati on s of i g n o r an c e
A l l th e s e m od i c at i on s rece i ve th e reect i on o f i n te l l i
5
M o re o ve r in t h e tr an q ui l m od i c ati o n
g e n ce fr om B r ah m a
b e s i de s t h at reex i ntel l i g e n ce t h e b l i s s ful n e s s of B r ah ma is
l i ke w i se reecte d
Th e S up re m e Se l f for l l i n g e ac h
6
A s in th e S r u t z :

b ody w i t h h is i mag e c am e t o b e re ec te d
L ike t h e s u n etc
N ow th i s c omp ari s on o f Vy as is i n te n de d t o ex p re s s t h e s am e
c au s e wh i c h p re c l u de s J i v a fr om b e i n g a p art o f B r ah m a [ for
It is i mp art i te] re du c e s h im to the c o n d i t i on of t h e s u n s re
e ct io n in w ate r
HE

'

'

J u s t a s t h e re e cte d f ace in m i r ro r is a p roper a n d a de q u a te

m e a n s to k n ow t h e c h a r a c te r o r f e a t u r e s of t h e f a c e p r o p e r s i t a t e d
on t h e n ec k s o t h e m e n t al percept i on of r e ecte d f e l i c i t y o f B ra h m a
i e Vi s / ay a n a n da is a n a de q u a te m e a n s for t h e c og n i t i o n of t h e
B r a h mai c f e l i c i t y m an ife s t in t h e for m of be i ng i n tell i g e n ce a n d

b l i ss
*9

'

P A N C H D A A S 'I

33o

T h at
an i m a t e d

S e l f re s i de s in t he b ody of
b e i n g s b ut l i k e t h e re e cti o n o f m oon i n a
al l
t an k an d j ar f u l l o f w at er H e i s m a n i fe s t e d i n o n e f o r m
( I s war a) an d m an i f o l d f o r m s ( J i v a) [ fr o m a rel at i o n of as s o
c i at e s ]
It m av b e o b j ecte d t h at as B r ah m a is i m p ai t ite t h ere
8
fo re to s ay t h at i n t h e m o d i c ati o n s o f t h e g oo d q u al i ty o t h er
w i s e c al l e d tr a n q u i l
b ot h i n tel l i g e n ce an d b l i s s are m an i
f e s t e d ; w h i l e i n t e l l i g e n ce is o n l y d i s c o ve re d in t h e acti ve a n d
d ar k t h u s s e e k i n g t o cr e ate a d i s ti n c ti on i s u n s o u n d
T o re
m o ve s uc h an a pp re h e n s m n t h e e x a m pl e o f m o o n h as b e e n
J u s t as t h e m o o n re ect e d i n i m u i e an d d i rty
a d d u ce d
p
w ater is d i m l y s ee n
an d i n
p n i e w ate r c l e a rly V i s i bl e : s o
is B r a h m a m a n i fe s te d in t w o f o r m s [ i n t e l l i g e n ce a n d b l i s s
a n d i n tel l i g e n ce o n ly
acc o r d i n g t o d i ffere n t m o d i c a t i o n s
]
I n t h e act i ve an d i g n o r an t m od i c at i on s for t h e p re
9
t h e b l i s s ful p 0 i t ion m eet s w i t h an i m pe d i
S e n c e o f i m p ur i ty
m e n t ; a n d fo r a l i ttl e p ur i ty t h e p orti on o f I n tel l i g e n ce o n ly is
re e c te d
I O
J u s t as h e at o f re i s i m p arte d e ve n t o pu re water b u t
n o t l i h t s o i n t h e m o d i cat i o n s ac t i ve
an d i g n o r an t
int e l l i
g
g e n ce a l an e is d i s c l o s e d
1 1
J u s t as in w o o d b o t h h e at an d l i g h t [ o f re ] are deve
l o p e d s o i n t he m od i cat i o n t r a n q ui l of t h e g o o d qu al i ty b ot h
b l i s s an d i n t e l l i g e n ce are de ve l o pe d
12
H o w is t h i s i e g u l at e d ? D epe n d i n g on t h e n ature
o f s ub s t an ce t h e ab o ve rul e h as b ee n as ce rt ai n e d t o b e e q u al
b o t h in t h e s i m i l e an d t h e t h i n g e l uc i date d in i t
The
p roo f ? A cc o r d i n g t o per s o n al e x p e r i e n ce t h e re g u l al or is to
b e m ade o u t
1
I n t h e acti ve an d i g n o r an t m o di c at i o n s n o e x p e ri
3
e n ce o f h ap p i n e s s is t o b e f o u n d ; i n t h e tr an q u i l v ai ie ty
s o m e o f i t s m o d i c at i o n s are s ee n t o
h ave m o re an d o t h e rs
l e s h ap p i n e s s
14
I n de s i re fo r h o u s e l an d e tc for th at de si re a
7

U n i ve r s al

on e

P A N C H D A AS I

332

'

h av e al re ady b ee n dwel t u p on Y og a h as b ee n t re ate d in S ec

ti on X I an d k n o wl e dg e i n t he t wo f ol l o w i n g S ec ti on s

2
i n se n t i e ncy an d p ai n are th e t h ree
N o n b ei n g
3
c h ar ac ter i s ti c f or m s of M ay a ; of t h e m n on b ei n g rel ate s t o
t h i n g s w h i c h ex i s t n ot as m an s h o r n ; e th e r ower s ; and
i n s e n t i e n cy t o i n an i mate o b j e ct s wo od s t on e et c
24
I n t h e ac t i ve an d i g n o r an t m od i c at i on s of t he m e n t al
fu n ct i on t h e re is p ai n o r m i s e ry I n t h i s m an n er is matte r
m an i fe ste d e very w he re
F o r an ab s e n ce of d i s ti n cti on b e
t w ee n B r a h m a an d th i s v as t m ater ial exp an s e in th e tr anqu i l

m odi c ati on t h e p h r as e m i xe d B r ah ma h as b ee n made u se

o f t o ex p re ss t h i s m i xe d c o n di t i on
25
T h i s b e i ng th e n ature of B r ah m a an d M ay a ( matter )
an y q u al i e d p er s on ( b ut w i th i n tel l ec t dul l ) de s i r ou s o f c on
B r ah ma s h ou l d f o l l ow t h e m e th od h ere p oi n te d
t e mp l at in g
o u t s h o ul d ab an d o n th e n o n e x i s t i n g p ar t ex p re ss e d b y th e

m an s h or n
wor d
a n d m e d i t ate on th e
re mai n i ng B r ah ma
e ve r a l way s w i t h o ut i n ter m i ss i on
26
I n s t o n e an d wo od etc n am e an d f orm b ot h are to
b e a b an don e d ; o n l y b e i n g is t o be t h ou g h t of I n t he act i v e

an d i g n or an t m o d i c ati o n s
after ab an doni ng
b e i ng
p ai n

an d i n tel l i g e n c e are t o b e m e d i t ate d u p on

i n tel l i g e nc e an d b l i ss
27
I n th e sam e m an n e r b e i n g
al l t h ree are t o b e m e n t al ly dwe l t ti p on i n t h e mod i c at i on
'
of t h e t r an q ui l v ar i ety
A n d th e se t h ree v ar i et i es Of me di t a
t i on are c ons ec ut i vel y i nfer i or mi ddl e an d su p eri or

28
E ve n m e d i t ati n g on
m i x e d B r ah ma is t h e b e st
for per s on s of dul l i n te l l ect [ for th ey are c ap ab l e of x i ng
t h e i r i n tel l ec t o n th e I mp e i s o n al met h od o f c on te mpl at i on] ;
an d t h i s p r o p o s i ti on o f th e
Vedan t a h as b ee n spoke n of in
t h e p re se n t tre at i se
29
W h e n t h e ab ov e me d i t at i on of th e mi x e d or P e r sonal
f or m of B r ah m a h as g r adu al ly p r o du c e d i n di ff er e n ce t o wordl y
an d h u s h e d t h e
e n e r g y o f t h e m odi c at i on s o f
e n j oy m e n t s
t h e m e n t al fu nc t i on the n i s th e i n d i vi du al qu al i e d t o me di
.

P A NC H AD AS I

333

t ate on th e i mp re ssi on of h app i n e ss wh i c h is th e b e st of th e

t h ree af ore sai d v ar ieti e s T h e se the n are th e f ou r s ort s of
m e di t at i on
If i t b e ask e d wh ethe r th i s r e sti ng of th e m e n t al
30

fu n ct i on on i mp re ss i onal fel i c i ty ( varanananda) i s c onte m

F o r t h e p re se n ce of b ot h c on te m pl at i on
p l at ion ? I t is n ot
an d c on ce n tr ati on or m e n t al r e s tr a i n t i t is n ot c on te mpl ati on
W h at is i t the n ? V er i l y i t is S el f k nowl e dg e ( B ra/2772a
W h e n c onte mpl ati on p r odu c e s me nt al c on c e n tr at i on th e n is
k n owl e dg e c on r me d

W h e n k n owl e dg e of B r ah ma is c onr me d b ei n g
31

i ntel l i g e nce an d b l i ss are m an i fe s te d in t h e f or m of O ne

I m p arti te and d i s ti nct i on is th e n don e away w i th ; b ec au se t h e
as s oc i ate s w h i c h
are t o c re ate d i s t i n c t i on h av e e i th er b ee n
re s tr i cte d or r e mov e d

n d th os e d i ffere n c e c r e ati n
2
A
g assoc i ate s are th e tr an
3
qui l act i ve an d i g n or an t modic at ion s as al so exter n al ob
c
e
n tr at i on of the m i n d an d d is
e c t s s t on e woo d etc
o
n
C
j
c ri m i n ati on re m o ve s th e m
i
s ti n c ti on of k n ower
T
here
i
k nowl e dg e and
s
n
d
o
33
t h e obj ect t o b e k nown wh e n B r ah ma h as b ee n di sc overe d as
t h e s el f m an i fe s te d s e con dl e s s and u nas soc i ate d R e al i ty
B
Th
e
r
k
w
r a/z z an a a c on t ai n s ve c h ap te r s of wh i c h
o
4
3
M ak e
t h e p re se n t ( th e l as t ) s pe ak s of te m p or al h ap p i n e s s
y ou r e n tr an ce i n t o t h e fel i c i ty of B r ah ma th r ou g h th i s door
F
o
r th i s B r ah mai c fel i c i ty l et S i v a n on dist in ct fr om
35
V i s h n u b e al way s p r o pi t i ou s t o th os e wh o wi t h m i n d pu re
an d f aul tle ss t ake p r otec ti o n o f h i m ; an d sav e th e m fr om t h e
o ver rec urr i n g p h ase s of b i rth an d de at h in th i s n e the r S p h ere
of ex i ste n c e
.

FI NI S H

Un i ve r s i ty of C alifo r nia
S O UT H E RN RE GIO NAL LI B RARY FA C I LIT Y
305 D e Ne v e D r ive P ar k ing Lot 1 7 0 B o x 9 5 1 38 8
LOS A NG E LE S , C ALI FO RNIA 9 009 5 1 388
-

Retur n th i s mate ri al to t he

li b rary from wh i c h it was

borrowed