12155

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------WINTER 13 EXAMINATION Subject Code: 12155 Model Answer

Important Instructions to examiners:
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the
model answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try
to assess the understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more
Importance (Not applicable for subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the
figure. The figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for
any
equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant
values may vary and there may be some difference in the candidates answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer
based on candidates understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent
concept.
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Q1A
i.]
P-V & T-S diagram for Diesel Cycle.

Show that
(1+1 Mark )
Compression ratio = Cut off ratio x Expansion ratio
So that,
We know,
Compression ratio = Rc = V1/ V2
Cut off ratio = = V3/ V2
1 Mark
Expansion ratio = RE = V4/ V3
Cut off ratio x Expansion ratio
= V3/ V2 x V4/ V3
= V4/ V2
as V4 = V1
= V1/ V2
= Compression ratio = Rc
Hence Proved
1 Mark
Q 1- A
ii] a) Indicated mean effective pressure:
The mean effective pressure, which is based on indicated power, is called as indicated mean
effective pressure.
1 Mark
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It is denoted by imep
It has unit N/m2
1 Mark
ii] Brake Power:
The useful power which is available at the crank shaft is called as brake power.
It is denoted by B.P.
It has unit kW
And is given by:- B.P. = 2 N T / 60
1 Mark
1 Mark
Where,
N- speed of the engine in RPM
T torque in N-m
iii] Classification of air compressor:-
(Any four)
a) According to number of stages:i) Single stage :- Delivery pressure up to 10 bar
ii) Multistage:- Delivery pressure above 10 bar.
b) According to number of cylinder:- i) Single cylinder ii) Multi cylinder.

c) According to method of cooling:- i) Air cooled
ii) Water cooled.
d) According to action of air:- i) Single acting
ii)Double acting.
e) According to capacity:- i) Low capacity ii) Medium capacity iii) High capacity.
f) According to drive:- i) Steam engine drive
iii) Electric motor drive
ii) Steam turbine drive

iv) Internal combustion drive.
iv] Pre-ignition:
Pre-ignition is meant the ignition of the charge before the ignition spark occurs.
Due to any reason, if the ignition starts when the piston is still doing its compression stroke is
known as pre-ignition.
Pre-ignition will develops excessive pressure before the end of compression stroke, which has
tendency to push the piston in opposite direction to which it is moving.
2 Marks
Due to pre-ignition there is loss of power and may stop the engine or mechanical damage occur to
engine.
Pre-ignition increases the time losses and hence reduces net work of the process, and heat loss in
pre-ignition raises the temperature more and more which causes the pre-ignition to occur earlier
and earlier in the cycle.
Pre-ignition occur due to following reason:-
(two points compulsory)
1 Mark
a) High compression ratio

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b) Overheated spark plug point
c) Overheated exhaust valve
d) Due to fault timing of spark production
Effect of pre ignition:a) Increases heat losses from engine
1 Mark
b) Reduction in thermal efficiency

c) Reduce useful work per cycle
d) Subject the engine part to excessive pressure
v]
T-S diagram for Bell Coleman cycle 1 Mark
P-V diagram for Bell Coleman cycle 1 Mark
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Process:
Process 1-2 represent suction of air into the compressor.
Process 6-2 represent absorption of heat at constant pressure.
Process 2-3 represent isentropic compression.
Process 3-5 represent cooling of air in the heat exchanger at constant pressure.
Process 3-4 represent discharge of high pressure air from compressor into heat exchanger.
Process 5-6 represent isentropic expansion.
Q-1- B
i.] Given:1) Indicated mean effective pressure = 755 kPa
2) Cylinder diameter (Dc) = 10cm = 0.1m
3) Piston stroke (L) = 15cm = 0.15m
4) Engine speed (N) = 8 rps = 8 x 60
= 480 rpm
5) Brake wheel diameter (D) = 62.5cm
= 0.625 m
6) Net load on brake wheel (w.s) = F = 170 N
7) Area of cylinder =
2
Dc (0.1) 2
4
4
= 7.855 x 10-3 m2
Find:- a) Indicated power

b) Brake power
c) Mechanical efficiency
Solution:- a) Indicated power:- IP
Pm L A
60
755 0.15 7.855 10 3

IP
60
Because of 4-stroke engine
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N /2
480
240
2
755 0.15 7.855 10 3 240

60
IP 3.55 kW
IP
2 Marks
b) Brake Power:-
B.P
2NFR
60
2 480 170
0.625
2
2 Mark
60
B.P 2669 w
B.P 2.66 kW
c) Mechanical Efficiency:-
B.P
I .P
2.66
3.55
2 Mark
m 74.92%
So that,
a. Indicated power = 3.55 kW
b. Brake power = 2.66 kW
c. Mechanical Efficiency = 74.92%
Q-1-B
ii] Different additives added to lubricants are: -
( Any four)
2 Mark
a) Rust inhibitors
b) Oiliness and film strength agent
c) Anti-foam agent
d) Antioxidants and Anticorrosives
e) V.I. improver
f) Detergent
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g) Dispersant
Advantages:a) Rust inhibitors:- It prevent rusting of ferrous engine parts during storage and form acidic
moisture during cold engine operation.
1 mark
b) Oiliness and film strength agent:- Many additives like sulphur, phosphorous improves the film
strength of lubricants.
1 Mark
c) Anti foam agent:- It prevent the formation of foam by reducing surface tension, which allows
air bubble to separate from oil more rapidly.
1 Mark
d) Antioxidants and Anticorrosives:- This additives used to decreases the oxidation and
corrosiveness characteristic of lubricating oil.
1 Mark
e) V.I. improver- Increase V.I. of oil, thereby reducing sensitivity of oil viscosity to temperature
f) Detergent Control of high temperature deposits. If over based also acts as effective acid
neutralizer.
g) Dispersant- Control of low-temperature sludge and varnish deposits.
Q-2-A
Heat Balance sheet on minute basis:Given:- 1) B.P. = 37 kW
2) Fuel used = 10 kg
3) C.V. = 46000 KJ/kg
4) Air used per kg of fuel = 35 kg
5) Temp of exhaust gas (Teg) = 380 0c
6) Room temp. (Ta) = 20 0c
7) SP. Heat of exhaust gas (Cpg) = 1.005 kJ/kg 0k
8) Mass of jacket cooling coater (Mw) = 750 kg
9) Temp. of jacket cooling water at inlet (Twi) = 20 0c
10) Temp. of jacket cooling water at outlet (Two) = 70 0c
DT = (Two-Twi) = (70-20) = 500c
Solution:1) Heat supplied:- mf x C.V.
Qs =
10
46000
50
Qs = 9200 kJ/min
1 Mark
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Heat Expenditure:2) Heat equivalent to B.P.:- B.P. x 60
= 37 x 60
= 2220 kJ/min
1 Mark
3) Heat carried out by cooling water:= mw x Cpw T

=
T = Two - Twi
750
4.187 70 273 20 273
50
= 3140.25 kJ/min
1 Mark
4) Heat carried away by exhaust gas:= meg x Cpg x (Teg Ta)

But,
So,
Then,
meg = ma + mf
ma
meg
1 mf
mf
A
1 mf
F
10
35 1
50
meg 7.2 kg / min
7.2 1.005 380 273 20 273
1 Mark
2605 kJ / min
5] Unaccounted Heat loss:= Heat supplied [Heat equivalent to B.P + Heat carried by cooling water + Exhaust gases]
= 9200 [2220 + 3140.25 + 2605]
1 Mark
= 1234.79 kJ/min
Heat Balance Sheet:Heat supplied

Heat supplied
(Qs)
Total
KJ/min
9200
9200
%
100
100
Heat Expenditure
1) Heat equivalent
to B.P
2) Heat carried by
cooling water
3) Heat carried by
exhaust gas
4) Heat
unaccounted
Total
KJ/min
2220
%
24.13
3140.25
34.13
2605
28.31
1234.79
13.43
9200
100
2 Mark
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Q-2-B]
Two Stroke Engine
Four Stroke Engine
1. The cycle is completed in one revolution 1. The cycle is completed in two revolution
of crank shaft.
of crank shaft.
2. One power stroke is obtained in every 2. One power stroke is obtained in every
revolution of crank shaft.
two revolution of crank shaft.
3. Volumetric efficiency is less due to less 3. Volumetric efficiency is more due to
suction time.
greater time of suction.
4. Two stroke contain only port.
4. Four stroke contain valve and valve

mechanism.
5. Need scavenging (Poor scavenging)
5. No need
scavenging)
of
scavenging
1 Mark Each
(Better
6. It is used where low cost and light 6. It is used where efficiency is of prime
weight, compactness is of prime importance is of prime importance. e.g. car,
importance, e.g. moped, scooters, motor buses, trucks etc.
cycle. etc.
Thermal efficiency of four stroke engine is more than two stroke engine because;
1] In case of four stroke engine each stroke is takes place separately because of this proper burning of fuel
takes place. But in two stroke engine cycle is competed in two strokes of the piston.
1 Mark
2] In two stroke engine the charge consist of mixture of air and fuel, during scavenging as both inlet and
exhaust parts are open simultaneously for some time, some parts of fresh charge containing fuel escapes
to the exhaust. This results in high fuel consumption or lower thermal efficiency.
1 Mark
3) In two stroke engine the lack of flexibility the capacity to run with equal efficiency at any speed. If the
throttle is closed below the best point, the amount of fresh mixture entering the cylinder is not enough to
clear out all the exhaust, some of which remains in the cylinder to contaminate the fresh charge this result
in irregular running of engine and lowers the thermal efficiency.
1 Mark
4) Grater cooling and lubrication requirements in two stroke engine due to one power stroke in each
revolution of crank shaft so consumption of lubrication oil is also high in two stroke engine due to
higher temperature and also compression ratio of two stroke engine is lower than four stroke engine so
the thermal efficiency of two stroke engine is lower than four stroke engine.
1 Mark
Q-2-C
i] FAD:
It is the volume of air delivered by compressor under the intake conditions of temperature and
pressure.
2 Mark Each
Condition:
Capacity of compressor is generally given in terms of free air delivery.
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Unit = m3/cycle
ii] Compressor capacity:
It is the volume of air delivered by the compressor in m3 per minute
It is express in m3/min
iii] Swept volume:
It is the volume of air sucked by the compressor during its suction stroke.
OR
The volume swept by the piston when it moves between top dead centre and bottom dead center.
It is denoted by Vs
Mathematically it is given by:-
Vs
D2 L
4
Where,
D = Diameter of cylinder bore
L = Length of piston stroke
Unit = m3
iv] Piston Displacement:Distance traveled by the piston is called as piston displacement.
Unit = m3/min
Q 3 - Attempt any four (4x4=16 Marks)

Q3
a) Turning moment diagram: This is also called as crank effort diagram is the graphical
representation of turning moment or crank effort for various positions of crank. One cycle of four
stroke engine is completed in two revolutions of crank i.e. 7200 or 4 radians. We get one power
stroke in one cycle. During suction stroke negative loop is formed as pressure inside engine
cylinder is less than atmospheric pressure. During compression stroke, work is done on gases
therefore higher negative loop is formed. During expansion or power stroke, fuel burn and gases
expand therefore large positive loop is formed and during this stroke we get work output. During
exhaust stroke, work is done on the gas to expel it out of cylinder, and therefore negative loop is
formed. ------------ (2 Marks)
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-------(2 Marks)
b) MPFI System:
MPFI is multipoint fuel injection. The main purpose of MPFI is to supply a proper ratio of petrol and air
to the cylinder. 1 mark
Any one, Figure -2 Marks, Related Explanation -1 Marks
1. Port Injection System:
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2. Throttle Body Injection System:
3. D-MPFI System:
4. L-MPFI System
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c) Morse Test:
The Morse test is adapted to find the indicated power of each cylinder of a high speed I C Engine, without
using indicator diagram. The test is carried out as followsConsider a four cylinder engine, first of all brake power of the engine, when all the cylinder are in
operation, is measured accurately (by means of a brake dynamometer) at a constant speed and load. Now
one of the cylinders (say cylinder no.1) is cut-off so that it does not develop any power. This is done by
short circuiting the spark plug of the cylinder in petrol engine and cutting off individual fuel supply in
diesel engine. The speed of the engine decreases and in order to bring the speed back to the original
speed, the load on the engine is reduced. The brake power is now measured in this new condition which
gives the brake power of the remaining three cylinders. The difference in the outputs is a measure of the
indicated power of the cut-off cylinder.
In the similar way, each cylinder is cut-off one by one and the brake power of the remaining three
cylinders is determined by correcting the engine speed, if necessary.
Let I1, I2, I3 & I4 = Indicated power of each individual cylinder
F1, F2, F3 & F4 = Frictional power of each cylinder
We know that total brake power of the engine when all the cylinders are working is given by
BP = Total indicated power Total friction power
= (I1+ I2 +I3 +I4) (F1 +F2 +F3 + F4) ------- 1
When the cylinder no. 1 is cut-off, then I1 = 0, But the frictional losses of the cylinder remains the same.
So, brake power of the remaining three cylinders =
B1 = (0+ I2 +I3 +I4) (F1 +F2 +F3 + F4) ------- 2
Subtracting equation 2 from equation 1
BP = (I1+ I2 +I3 +I4) - ( F1 +F2 +F3 + F4)
B1 = (0+ I2 +I3 +I4) - ( F1 +F2 +F3 + F4)
BP B1 = I1
Or
Indicated power of first cylinder
I1 = BP B1
Similarly indicated power of second cylinder
I2= BP B2
Similarly indicated power of Third cylinder
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I3= BP B3
Similarly indicated power of Fourth cylinder
I4= BP B4
And total indicated power of the engine
IP = I1+ I2 +I3 +I4
----- 4 Marks
d) Catalytic converter:
----- 2 Marks
Catalytic converter is a device which converts harmful pollutants to harmless gases.
Catalytic converter is used in exhaust emission in control system to convert CO, NOx, HC and other
harmful gases to harmless gases.
A Catalytic converter consists of a cylindrical unit of small size like a small silencer and is installed into
the exhaust system of a vehicle. It is placed between the exhaust manifold and the silencer.
Inside the cylindrical tube i.e. converter there is a honey comb structure of a ceramic or metal which is
coated with alumina base material and there after a second coating of precious metals platinum,
palladium or rhodium or combination of the same. This second coating serves as a catalyst. A catalyst is
a substance which causes a chemical reaction intro the gases. When the exhaust gases pass over the
converter substance, the toxic gases as CO, HC & NOx are converted into harmless gases as CO2, H2 &
N2. ----- 2 Marks
e.)Given:
Compression ratio = Rc = V1/ V2 = 14 and
= 1.4
Since the cut off takes place at 8% of the stroke,

= 1 + k (Rc 1)
= 1+ 8/ 100 ( 14 1)
= 2.04
Therefore,
1 Mark
------ 1Mark
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=1 - 0.347X(1.33/1.456)
=1 - 0.317
------- 1Mark
Q 4A i. Energy saving in compressor:
One mark each- any four, Total 4 Marks
1. Multistage : In multistaging of a compressor we use two compressors rather than using one to
reduce work done by the compressor, ultimately use for energy saving.
2. Cold water spray: In this method, cold cooling water is spread into the compressor cylinder at the
end of compression stroke thus reducing the temperature of air and the compression is brought
nearer to isothermal which results in saving of energy.
3. Water jacket; In this method the heat of compression is extracted by circulating cold water in the
cylinder jacket, there by keep temperature rise as small as possible.
4. Inter-cooling: Inter coolers are used to reduce the temperature of compressed air from lower stage
before supplying it to higher stage.
5. Providing fins: This is used for small capacity air compressors. By this method effective cooling
can be achieved with the provision of fins on the external surface of the air compressor cylinder.
Q 4A ii Application of Gas Turbine:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
One mark each- any four, Total 4 Marks
For supercharging of IC Engine

For locomotive propulsion
For ship propulsion
Crud oil pumping , refining processes.
For air craft engine.
For electric power generation.
For the turbojet & turbo propeller engines
Q 4A iii Working of Ice plant:

The main cycle used for ice plant is vapor compression cycle with ammonia as the refrigerant in primary
circuit and brine solution in secondary circuit. Brine solution takes heat from water in secondary circuit
and delivers the heat to ammonia in primary circuit. Thus, the indirect method of cooling is used in ice
plant. In secondary circuit brine is cooled in evaporator and then it is circulated around the can which
contains water. The heat is extracted from the water in the can and is given to the brine. The brine is
contentiously circulated around the can with the help of brine pump till entire water in the can is
converted into ice at -60 C. Ammonia vapor coming out of evaporator is compressed to high pressure and
then these vapors are condensed in the condenser. High pressure liquid ammonia is collected in the
receiver and it is passed through the expansion valve to reduce its pressure and temperature as per
requirement. The throttle liquid ammonia at low temperature & low pressure enters in evaporator, which
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are the coils dipped in brine tank. The liquid ammonia absorbs heat from brine and gets converted into
vapors, which are drawn by suction line of compressor. -------------------------2 Marks
2 Marks
Q 4A iv Simple Vapor absorption system:
A Simple Vapor absorption system consists of evaporator, absorber, generator, condenser, expansion
valve, pump & reducing valve. In this system ammonia is used as refrigerant and solution is used is acqua
ammonia.
Strong solution of aqua ammonia contains as much as ammonia as it can and weak solution contains less
ammonia. The compressor of vapor compressor system is replaced by an absorber, generator, reducing
valve and pump.
The heat flow in the system at generator, and work is supplied to pump. Ammonia vapors coming out of
evaporator are drawn in absorber. The weak solution containing very little ammonia is spread in absorber.
The weak solution absorbs ammonia and gets converted into strong solution. This strong solution from
absorber is pumped into generator.
The addition of heat liberates ammonia vapor and solution gets converted into weak solution. The
released vapor is passed to condenser and weak solution to absorber through a reducing valve. Thus, the
function of a compressor is done by absorber, a generator, pump and reducing valve. The simple vapor
compressor system is used where there is scarcity of electricity and it is very useful at partial and full
load. ------- 2 Marks
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2 Marks
Q 4B i. Working of Turbo-prop Engine:
The main components of turbo-prop engine are a propeller, gear reduction unit, a compressor, a
combustor, gas turbine and the nozzles. In this engine 80 to 90% of the total propulsive thrust is generated
by the gas turbine and the remainder is developed by the expansion of the gases in nozzles. Due to this the
power generated in the gas turbine is used for driving the compressor and the propeller, while in case of
turbojet engines the turbine power is only used to drive the compressor and the auxiliaries.
The gas turbine drives the propeller through the reduction gear unit and it draws a large amount of air. A
large part of this air drawn by the propeller is passed through the ducts around the engine and the
remainder is compressed in the diffuser by ram compression and further in the compressor. Fuel is burnt
in the combustor and the resultant high temperature gases are expanded in the turbine and finally in the
nozzles. The total thrust developed is the sum of thrust developed by the propeller and the nozzle. Unlike
the turbojet engines the turboprop engines are widely used for commercial and military air crafts, due to
their low specific fuel consumption and high flexibility of operation at reasonably high speed. 3 Marks
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3 Marks
Q - 4 B ii.
The diesel engine is basically compression ignition engine. There is fuel injector rather than spark plug.
The compression ratio is about 15 to 24. At the end of compression temperature rises 6000 C to 7000 C
which is sufficient to ignite the fuel.
In diesel engines, fuel is injected into the engine cylinder near the end of the compression stroke. During a
phase known as ignition delay, the fuel spray atomizes into small droplets, vaporizes, and mixes with air.
As the piston continues to move closer to top dead center, the mixture temperature reaches the fuels
ignition temperature, causing ignition of some premixed quantity of fuel and air. The balance of fuel that
had not participated in premixed combustion is consumed in the rate-controlled combustion phase.
6 Marks
Q -5 a) N = 300 r.p.m,
d = 20 cm,
n = 1.25
P1 = 1 atm,
V1
l = 24 cm,
ntrans = 96%
P2 = 8 atm, n(meeb) = 85%
2
d l
4
20 24
4 100 100
0.00754 m 3
2
Swept volume
Work required per cycle
P
n
w
P1V1 2
P1
n 1
n 1
n
1 joule
1.251
1.25
1.25
8
1.0 101325 0.00754

1
1
1.25 1
5 101325 0.00754 1.515 1
2 Mark
1967.27 joules / cycle

Work required per sec or indicated power = work done per cycle x r.p.s
300
60
Indicated power 9836 J / sec or W
1967.25
2 Mark
9.836 kW
Taking into consideration the given mechanical efficiency of the compressor only
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Power required
9.836
0.85
Power required = 11.57 kW
2 Marks
power of electric motor considering the transmission efficiency also
11.57
power or electric motor = 0.96
12.05 kW
2 Marks
Q-5-b)
Constant volume gas turbine
4 Marks
Working:- Air from surrounding atmosphere is drawn in compressor and is compressed to a pressure of
about 3 kN/m2. The compressed air is then admitted to the combustion chamber through the inlet valve.
When inlet valve is closed, the fuel oil is admitted by means of a separate fuel pump into combustion
chamber containing compressed air. The mixture (of air and fuel oil) is then ignited by an electric spark,
the pressure rising to about 12 kN/m2, whilst the volume remains constant. Thus combustion takes place
at constant volume.
The pressure of explosion open outlet valve (unit the combustion gases are exhausted) and high
pressure hot combustion gases enter the turbine and flow through the turbine blades, while passing over
the blades, the gas is continuously expanding its available (enthalpy) energy being converted into kinetic
energy which in turn absorbed by turbine rotor and power is developed by turbine.
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The part of power developed by turbine is used to drive the compressor and remaining power is
available for driving the electric generator or load. The electric motor is used for starting gas turbine
plant.
4 Marks
c)
m = 300 kg
T2 = 273 + 25 = 298 0k
T1 = 273 20 = 253 0k
T3 = 273 3 = 270 0k
CBF = 3.224 kJ/kg 0k
hfg = 125.6 kJ/kg
CAF = 1.675 kJ/kg 0k
COP = 2.5
i) Heat removed from beef in 6 hour above freezing point

Q1 = m x Cbf x (T2 T3)
= 300 x 3.224 (298 -270)
= 27082 kJ
Heat removed from beef in 6 hour below freezing point
Q2 = m x cbf x (T9 T1)
= 300 x 1.675 (270 253)
= 8543 kJ
Total latent heat of beef
Q3 = m x hfg (beef)
= 300 x 125.6
= 37680 kJ
Total heat removed by plant in 6 hour
Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3
= 27082 + 8543 + 37680
= 73305 kJ
Total heat removed in one minute
73305
203.62 kJ / min
6 60
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Refrigeration capacity of plant
Capacity of plant
ii) COP =
203.62
0.969 Tons
210
6 Marks
Refrigerat ing effect

Compressor power
Compressor Power = Refrigerating Effect / COP
203.62
81.448 kJ / min
2.5
81.448
1.35 kW
60
Power required = 1.35 kW
2 Marks
Q-6-a) Why work of isothermal compression is less than work of isotropic compression in reciprocating
air compressor?
4-1 suction of air at P1
1-2 compression of air from P1 to P2
2-3 delivery of air at P2
Indicator diagram of single stage air compressor.
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2 Mark
Effect of nature of compression curve on work required for compression.
Figure -1 Indicate that working of air compressor.
Figure -2 Shows the curve representing an isentropic compression (1-2)
Isothermal compression (1-2)
Actual curve (1-2)
The isentropic work required to be done per cycle on air is represented by area 4-1-2-3, if the
isothermal compression is carried out l- 4-1-2-3 the slope of compression curve would be less than that
of isentropic curve.
So the isothermal work done is less than isentropic work done.
2 Mark
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b) With T-S diagram. Explain the advantage of reheating in gas turbine.
By reheating or adding heat to exhaust gases after they have passed through a part of rows of turbine
blades, a further increase in work is obtained.
In reheating, the gas temperatures which has dropped due to expansion is brought back to approximately
the initial temperature, for expansion in next stage since working fluid contain about 85% of air addition
fuel can be burst by injecting it into the gases with additional air supply.
Reheat cycle as shown in 1-2-3-4-5-6, the combustion gases from combustion chamber CC, at
temperature T3 is partly expanded in HP turbine from pressure P2 to intermediate pressure Px. After this
then passed through combustion chamber CC2 where it is reheated at constant pressure Px so that the
temperature or gas is raised from T4 to T5. After this gas is expanded in second stage of turbine from
pressure Px to P1
This increases work:Advantages1) Increase in work.
2) Increase or improved in efficiencies (thermal and mechanical) of gas turbine.
2 Mark
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c) Differentiate between turbojet and turboprop engines.
1. Engine consists of diffuses, compressor, 1. Engine consist of propel as shaft, diffuser,
combustion chamber, turbine and nozzle.
compressor, combustion chamber turbine and
nozzle.
2. 100% thrust is produced completely due to jet of 2. 80% to 90% thrust produced by acceleration of
exhaust gases.
air out side the engine by propeller 10% to 20%
thrust produce by jet of exhaust gas.
3. Used for helicopters and marine engine.
3. Used in jet engine.
4. No reciprocating part.
4. No reciprocating part.
5. Speed of jet propulsion is not limited by 5. Speed of jet propulsion is limited by propeller.
propeller.
6. Plant is noisy.
6. Unit is less noisy.
d) Show the processes latent heating and latent cooling on psychometric chart. How they are achieved?
Latent heating Heat added during humidification process is known as latent heating.
On psychometric chartThe process 1-2, the heat added (moisture) to air from 1 to 2, the relative humidity increases from
2 to 2 and specific humidity also increases is w1 to w2
Note charge is enthalpy is shown by intercept (h2-h1) on psychometric chart
Latent heating = (h2 h1)
2) Latent coolingPage 24 of 25

(Autonomous)
Latent cooling-Heat removed during dehumidification is know as latent cooling.

On psychometric chart- The process 1-2, heat removed (moisture) from air, the relative humidity
decreases from 1 to 2 and specific humidity decreases from w1 to w2.
Note the change in enthalpy is shown by intercept (n1-n2) on psychometric chart
Latent cooling = n1 n2
e) Differentiate between unitary and central air conditioning.
Central Air Conditioning
Unitary Air Conditioning
1. Ton capacity is more than 25 tons of

refrigeration.
1. Ton capacity is less than 25 tons refrigeration.
2. Mass flow rate of air handled is around 2000

m3/min.
2. Mass flow rate of air handle is less.
3. All rooms are required to be maintained at more

or less similar condition.
3. Each room can be maintained at different

condition.
4. Central air conditioning unit is located in

basement or outside the building.
4. It is located in every room.
5. It required duct and installation.
5. No ducts required.
6. Capital cost is high.
6. Capital cost is less.
7. Maintenance cost is high.
7. Maintenance cost is less.
8. It is used in cinema hall, mall, hospitals.
8. It is used offices, small industry as well

hospitals.
-------THE END------Page 25 of 25

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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------WINTER 13 EXAMINATION Subject Code: 12155 Model Answer

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------WINTER 13 EXAMINATION Subject Code: 12155 Model Answer

P-V & T-S diagram for Diesel Cycle.

Compression ratio = Cut off ratio x Expansion ratio

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------WINTER 13 EXAMINATION Subject Code: 12155 Model Answer

It has unit N/m2

ii] Brake Power:

And is given by:- B.P. = 2 N T / 60

a) According to number of stages:i) Single stage :- Delivery pressure up to 10 bar

ii) Multistage:- Delivery pressure above 10 bar.

b) According to number of cylinder:- i) Single cylinder ii) Multi cylinder.

ii) Water cooled.

d) According to action of air:- i) Single acting

ii) Steam turbine drive

Pre-ignition occur due to following reason:-

(two points compulsory)

a) High compression ratio

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------WINTER 13 EXAMINATION Subject Code: 12155 Model Answer

Effect of pre ignition:a) Increases heat losses from engine

b) Reduction in thermal efficiency

T-S diagram for Bell Coleman cycle 1 Mark

P-V diagram for Bell Coleman cycle 1 Mark

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------WINTER 13 EXAMINATION Subject Code: 12155 Model Answer

Process 1-2 represent suction of air into the compressor.

Process 6-2 represent absorption of heat at constant pressure.

Process 2-3 represent isentropic compression.

Process 5-6 represent isentropic expansion.

Find:- a) Indicated power

755 0.15 7.855 10 3

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------WINTER 13 EXAMINATION Subject Code: 12155 Model Answer

755 0.15 7.855 10 3 240

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------WINTER 13 EXAMINATION Subject Code: 12155 Model Answer

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------WINTER 13 EXAMINATION Subject Code: 12155 Model Answer

3) Heat carried out by cooling water:= mw x Cpw T

4) Heat carried away by exhaust gas:= meg x Cpg x (Teg Ta)

7.2 1.005 380 273 20 273

Heat Balance Sheet:Heat supplied

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------WINTER 13 EXAMINATION Subject Code: 12155 Model Answer

Four Stroke Engine

4. Four stroke contain valve and valve

5. Need scavenging (Poor scavenging)

Capacity of compressor is generally given in terms of free air delivery.

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------WINTER 13 EXAMINATION Subject Code: 12155 Model Answer

ii] Compressor capacity: