U NIVERSITY OF M ICHIGAN - S HANGHAI J IAO T ONG U NIVERSITY J OINT I NSTITUTE

VV256 Applied Calculus Assignment 1

Zhou Xiaochen, 5143709119

September 27, 2015

1 E XERCISE 1
We first substitute y =

x2
4

to check the singular solution

0 #2
2 0
x2
x
x2
y xy + y =
x
+
4
4
4
x 2
x x2
x +
=
2
2
4
=0
02

"

(1.1)

We then substitute y = cx c 2 to check the general solution

2
2
y 0 x y 0 + y = (c x c 2 )0 x(c x c 2 )0 + (c x c 2 )

= c2 cx + cx c2

(1.2)

=0

2 E XERCISE 2
(A)
We notice that this is a separable equation, we obtain that
1
d x = kd t
x2

We integrate both sides to get

x 1 = kt + c
where c is the constant of integration. Thus,
x =

1
kt + c

(B)
Considering the initial value condition
x 0 = kx 2 ,

x(0) = 0

We find the general solution does not apply, by observing the solution for the initial value
problem is
x =0

(C)
The graph of a few solutions of x 0 = kx 2 is shown below

(D)
The solutions are symmetrical to the origin solutions with respect to the x-axis .
The graph of a few solutions when the constant k is negative of x 0 = kx 2 is shown below

3 E XERCISE 3
(A)
This equation is a separable equation, we obtain that,
1
1
dx =
dy
x
2y
By integrating both sides we get,
1
ln |y| = ln |x| + c
2
where c is the constant of integration. Thus,
y = kx 2
where k R, since y(a) = b, we deduce that
k=
The solution is
y=

b
a2

b 2
x
a2

(B)
When a = 0, b 6= 0, there is no solution for the initial value problem.

(C)
When a = b = 0, the initial value problem has infinite solutions,
y = kx2
where k R

(D)
When a = 1,b = 1,
k=

1
b
=
=1
a 2 (1)2

The solution is
y = x2

4 E XERCISE 4
We first obtain that,
d 2 y = 2(3 + 2 ln x)d x 2
We integrate both sides to solve the problem
Z Z
Z Z
2
d y=
2(3 + 2 ln x)d xd x
We deduce that,

y=

2x 4x ln x + c 1 d x

We further deduce that,

y = 2x 2 ln x + c 1 x + c 2
With respect to the initial condition, we have
(
c1 + c2 = 0

2e 2 + c 1 e + c 2 = 0
We obtain that

(
c1 =

c2 =

2e 2
e1
2e 2
e1

The solution is then

y = 2x 2 ln x +

2e 2
2e 2
x
e 1
e 1

5 E XERCISE 5
(A)
Due to Newtons Second Law of Motion, we obtain that
a=g
which is

f
m

dv
kv 2
=g
dt
m

(B)
With m = 10kg and g = 10ms 2 , and a drag coefficient of 0.1. The equation becomes
dv
1 2
= 10
v
dt
100

(5.1)

The slope field for this equation is

(C)
p
We first subsitute the constant function v(t ) = 10 10 into Eq(5.1). The equation becomes
p
0 = 0. Thus v(t ) = 10 10 is the equilibrium solution. We observe the slope field and find that
p
all other solutions converge to the equilibrium solution of v(t ) = 10 10 as t increases. This
p
implies that the motion in the long run will converge to 10 10ms 1 before the object hits the
ground.

6 E XERCISE 6
(A)
The slope field for this equation is

P is increasing most rapidly when

dP
dt

reaches maximum.

P
dP
= 0.05P 1
dt
75

1 2
=
P 75P
1500

75 2 15
1
P
=
+
1500
2
16

Eq(6.1) reaches maximun when P =

rapidly is 75.

75
2 .

(6.1)

Thus the value of P for which P is increassing most

(B)
We first obtain that

dP
1
1
= P
P2
dt
10
1500

(6.2)

Substitute v = P 12 = P 1 into Eq(6.2) to get

v 2
That is

1
1
dv
v 1 =
v 2
d t 20
1500
dv
1
1
+ v=
d t 20
1500

We find the integrating factor by

=e

1
dt
20

= e 20 t

Thus we solve for v,

Z

1
1
d t + c

1500
1
1
+ ce 20 t
=
75
where c is the integrating factor, then we obtain P by

v=

P = v 1 =

(6.3)

1
1
75

+ ce 20 t

Given the initial condition P (0) = 10, we see that

10 =

1
1
75

+c

c =

13
150

Thus the solution to the initial value problem is

P=

1
1
75

1
13 20
t
150 e