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Track Stresses
Track
Fundamental basis
Track Stresses
Downward movement
POINT OF CONTRAFLEXURE
Relief of Stresses
Relief of Stresses
Relief of Stresses
Relief of Stresses
Wheel
Load
Direction of Movement
- ve Bending
Moment
Rail Length
Relief of Stresses
Train load
Maximum positive BM
Relief of Stresses
Wheel
Loads
Direction of
Movement
- ve Bending
Moment
Rail Length
Relief of Stresses
Interesting facts
In case of wagons
Track Stresses
Assumption
Track is elastic
p = Ky
P = KY
11
Track Stresses
Slope
BM
Shear Force
d4y
EI 4 Ky
dx
12
Track Stresses
x1 42.33 4
I
cm
K
BM max 13.8 P 4 I
Stress due to BM (kg / cm ), f
tonne / cm 2
z
z
K
BM max
BM max
f compression
, f tension
zc
zt
2
Deflection, y0
9.25 P
4
cm
K I
13
Track Stresses
Where,
K - Track modulus
Track Stresses
15
16
Track Stresses
Vertical loads
Lateral forces
Longitudinal forces
Contact stresses
Wheel loads
Dynamic effect of wheel loads
Wheel loads
Dead load
DYNAMIC EFFECT
18
Speed
Vibrations
19
Track Stresses
Three wheels of an engine are equi-spaced with centerto-center distance of 120 cm. The central wheel carries a
static load of 10 tons while the outer wheels carry 8 tons
each. Calculate the bending moment under the first
wheel and the deflection under the central wheel. Use
the following data and Figure given overleaf.
1940 cm4
85 kg/cm2
300 kg/cm2
80 km/hr
Nosing action
Twist in rail
Rail-sleeper fastening
Developed due to
Temperature variation
26
Causes
A flat in a wheel
Results in depression
Non-uniformity in gauge
27
Stresses on a sleeper
Sleeper subjected to
Permanent stresses
Fastening
Transient stress
28
Stresses on a sleeper
Wheel load
Transfer of weight
Irregularities of rails
Speed
Elasticity of rail
Efficiency of fastening
Design/dimension/strength of sleepers
Track modulus
Track maintenance
Rail stiffness
29
Stresses on a sleeper
Where,
P = Wheel load
K = Track modulus
S = Sleeper spacing
L = Characteristic length = (EI/K)1/4
EI = Flexural stiffness of rail
Z = Modulus of rail section
30
Stresses on a sleeper
End-bound sleepers
Centre-bound sleepers
31
Stresses on a sleeper
pa
pc = 5.24 1.25
h
pa
pc = 0.48 10
h
-2.06 (
x 2
)
h
Where
pa is tie pressure below load
2P
pa
bl
b Width of sleeper
l Length of sleeper
P Wheel load (kg or ton)
32
Stresses on ballast
Size/shape/depth of ballast
Prof. A.N.Talbot
34
Subgrade
Pressure depends on
Distribution of pressure
Spacing of sleepers
Type of subgrade
35
pmax
2 PS 4 K
DL 64 EI
Where
P Live wheel load (ton)
S Sleeper spacing (cm)
D Depth of ballast under sleeper (cm)
L Effective length of sleeper under one rail seat
(76 cm for BG, 63 cm for MG)
K Track modulus (kg/cm2)
I Moment of Inertia of rail (cm4)
E Modulus of elasticity of rail steel (kg/cm2) = 2.11 x 106
36
Locomotives
= 3.5 kg/cm2
Other stock
= 3 kg/cm2
(wagons, coaches)
37